CHAPTER # 01 BASIC MATHS &VECTOR

EXERCISE-I EXERCISE-II
 
1. P  F  v   60iˆ  15ˆj  3k   2iˆ  4ˆj  5k  x  comp 2
1. Angle with y-axis Þ tanq = 
= 45 watt y  comp 3
     
3. R  A  B = 3i  6j  2k
 2
 R  3i  6j  2k q = tan–1  
3
Unit vector parallel to R is
32  62  22

1   B
=  3i  6j  2k  R
7
  3.
5. F1 – F2 £ F 1  F 2  F1  F2 
F3 must lie between F1 – F2 £ F3 £ F1 + F2 to produce A
zero resultant.
 
7. W = F   r   3i  4j   3i  4j   9  16  25J R B/ 2 1
sinq =  
  2 B 2
8. P  Q  0   ai  aj  3k    ai  2j  k  = 0
a2 – 2a – 3 = 0 Þ (a – 3) (a + 1) = 0
q = 45°
a = 3, –1
   
13.  2i  3j  8k    4j  4l   k  = 0 6. PQ PQ

4 1  
–8 + 12 + 8a = 0 Þ a =  2Q  0  Q  0
8 2
2 B
14.  F 2  F 2  2F 2 cos    3  F  F 
R
2F2 + 2F2 cosq = 3F2
1 
7.
cos q = 
2
q = 60° A
   
15. A  B  3 A  B Þ AB sinq = 3 AB cosq Resultant is inclined towards vector of large magnitude
tanq = 3 Þ q = 60° thus. If A > B then a < b.
R = A 2  B2  2AB cos60 = (A2 + B2 + AB)½ 8. cos2a + cos2b + cos2g = 1

18. r  1cos i  1cos j  1cos kˆ 1 – sin2a +1 – sin2b + 1 – sin2g = 1

3  1 3 – (sin2a + sin2b + sin2g) = 1

= i  j  0kˆ
2 2
sin2a + sin2b + sin2g = 3 – 1 = 2
 
AB 11 2 2 
cos  
A  i  j  2k
19.    9.
AB 3 2 6 3

1
sin   1  sin2  Ax Ay Az
3 cos   ,cos   ,cos  
A A A
 1 
  sin 1  
 3 1 1 2 1
   cos   ,cos   ,cos   
20. t  r F 2 2 2 2

1
  
12. Area of parallelogram gm = d1  d2  
cos  
AB

 6iˆ  6ˆj  3kˆ   7iˆ  4ˆj  4kˆ 
36.
  AB  6  6  3  7  4  4 
2 2 2 2 2 2

d1 and d2 are diagonals.

  54 6 2
13. A  3i  4j,
 B  6i  8j cos    
81 9 3

i j k 5
   sin   1  cos2  
3
A  B  3 4 0  0i  0j  0k  0
6 8 0
1  
38. Area of triangle = A B
2

A  32  42  5
40. n̂  aiˆ  bjˆ  a 2  b2  1 or a2 + b2 = 1

B  62  82  10  aiˆ  bjˆ   ˆi  ˆj   0

  a+b=0
A  B   3i  4j    6i  8j   18  32  50 a2 + b2 = 1
 
17. P  Q   PQ sin   n 1 1
a= ,b=
2 2
 
n is a unit vector ^ to plane of P and Q
 
      AB
  42. Component of A along B = A cos q =
n  P  Q   P    Q   1  P  Q B
PQsin   P   Q  sin  sin 
   
    AB   AB 
19. PQ  R in vector form =   B̂   2  B
 B   B 
  
R is ^ to plane of P and Q  
A  B   3iˆ  4jˆ    ˆi  ˆj   7
      
Thus R  P,R  Q and R   P  Q  2
B2 =  12  12   2
 
33. Projection of A on B is A cos q
7 ˆ ˆ
  thus required component is = i  j
  A  B  ˆ 2
A  B = AB cos q Þ A cos q =  A B
B  
44. A  B  ˆi
    
34. R  A  B    A – B  
B  ˆi  A  ˆi  ˆi  ˆj  kˆ   ˆj  kˆ
 
R  2A
     
  45. Let R  A  B and C  A  B
Thus R and A are in same direction.
    
thus, C is ^ to plane of A and B and C ^ R
 
A  B ˆi  ˆj   ˆj  kˆ  1 also
35. cos    
AB 2, 2 2      
C  R  0   A  B   A  B  0
q = 60°

2
      61. F1 + F2 = 16 ...(1)
46. A  B  0  A||B
     8= F12  F22  2F1F2 cos 
B  C  0  B||C
  Þ F12  F22  2F1F2 cos   64 ...(2)
thus A and C may be parallel

R
B sin 
47. tan    tan 90   F2
A  B cos 

thus, A + B cos q = 0
  = 90°
cosq = –A/B
F1
48. R12 = A2 + B2 + 2AB cosq
   F2 sin 
R2  A  B  R22 = A2 + B2 – 2AB cosq tan    tan 90  
F1  F2 cos 

thus R12  R22 = 2(A2 + B2) F2cosq = –F1 ...(3)

  Solving (1), (2) and (3)

A  B  3iˆ  4jˆ  5kˆ    3iˆ  4ˆj  5kˆ 
50. cos    =0 F1 = 6N, F2 = 10N
AB  5 2  5 2 
2
q =90° 62.   x2  y2   

53. 1=  0.5 2   0.8 2  C2

2
2
C + .64 + .25 = 1   x  y 2   x  y 2  2  x  y  x  y  cos  
56. ˆ1 n
n ˆ2 1
x2 + y2 = 2(x2 + y2) + 2(x2 – y2)cosq

12  12  2cos   1
 x2  y2 
2 + 2 cosq = 1 cosq = –
2  x2  y 2 
1
cosq =   
2 63. P = Q = R and P  Q  R
q = 120°

n ˆ 2  12  12  2  1  1cos120 = 3
ˆ1 n R Q
   q1 = 60°
57. ABC
as A2 + B2 = C2 
 
thus angle between A and B is 90°. P
     
60. P  Q  R and P 2  Q2  R2 If P = Q = R and P  Q  R = 0

R Q Q
13  R
12
q2 = 120°
5 P R
120° P
12  12 
cosq =    cos 1  
13  13 

3
    
64. ABC 0 EXERCISE-III
 
A = B= a, amd C = 2a 3. Assetion is true but the reasion is false as A  B is a
 
vector and A  B is a scalar
135°
B
2 2
4. A= A x2  A y2   24    7 = 25

C 90°
 2  2
135° A A  B  A  B  AB (sin 2q + cos2q) = AB

 2  2
as A = B = 1 Þ A  B  A  B  1
R
Q
 
65.  A  B ˆi  ˆj   ˆj  kˆ  1
9. cos    
P
AB  2  2  2

R2 = P2 + Q2 + 2PQcosq 
  60  rad.
2Q R1 3


11. r   sin t  ˆi   cos t  ˆj  7tkˆ

 = 90° 
  dr
v  cos tiˆ  sin tjˆ  7kˆ
dt
P
2Qsin 
tana =  
P  2Qcos   dv
a   sin tiˆ  cos tjˆ
dt
P
cosq =
2Q 
a  sin2 t  cos2 t  1
 P 
R2 = P2 + Q2 + 2PQ ÞR=Q
2Q

4
 CHAPTER # 01 UNIT AND DIMENSION
EXERCISE-I
h  energy / frequency  M1 L2 T 1
1. F = at + bt 2 14.    T 1
I  Mr 2  ML2
dimensions of at and bt2 are same as that of F
15. Magnetic moment = IA = current × area
at = F Þ a[T] = M1L1T–2
= L2A
a = M1L1T–3
bt2 = F Þ b[T]2 = M1L1T–2 b
16. v = at +
b = M1L1T–4 tc

3. E = GphqCr Dimensionally,
Dimensionally at = v Þ a[T] = LT–1
[M1L2T–2] = [M–1L3T–2]p[M1L2T–1]q[LT–1]c Þ a = LT–2
[M1L2T–2] = [M–pL3pT–2p][MqL2qT–q][LcT–c] c = t Þ c = M0L0T1
[M1L2T–2] = [M–p + qL3p + 2q + cT–2p – q – c]
b b
–p + q = 1  v   LT 1
tc T
2p + 2q + c = 2
b = M0L1T0
–2p – q + c = –2
1
1 1 5 21. 0 E 2 = Energy density
Solving we get, p = – ,q= ,r= 2
2 2 2

4. Spring constant, E M1L2 T 2

= 
V L3
F M1 L1 T 2
F = Kx Þ K =   M1 L0 T 2
x L = M1L–1T–2
22. (µ0Î0)–1/2 = C = speed of light
1 1 2
F MLT (µ0Î0)–1/2 = L1T–1
Pascal =   M1 L1 T 2
A L2
EXERCISE-II
1
hertz =  M0 L0 T 1
T 1. K is dimensionally equal to P
Joule = Energy = M1L2T–2 K = M1L–1T–2
7. Units of permeability are equivalent to N/(amp)2 thus
Stress F / A
Modulus of elasticity =  = M–1L–1T–2
M1 L1 T 2 Strain 
dimensions are =  M1L1 T 2 A 2
A2 

2. bt and cx are arguments of sin thus they are

a
10. is dimensionally equal to P dimensionless
v2
bt = M0L0T0 cx = M0L 0T0
a b = M0L0T–1 c = M0L–1T0
 M1 L1 T 2
 L3 2
T 1
b/c = T–1 = v = wave velocity
= LT
a = M1L5T–2 L1

5
 19. n1u1 = n2u2
2
5. Wave number = K = = M0L–1T0 1[kg][m][sec]–2 = n2[10gm][10cm][0.1sec]–2


1 1 2
F 1000gm  100cm   sec 
n2 = 1 
1 0 2
13. surface tension =  M L T     
  10gm   10   0.1sec 

Fx
Viscosity, n =  M1L1 T 1 1000
Av n2 =  0.1N
104

x L
15. Dimensionally K =   T1  angle
v LT 1 24. w=   M0 L0 T 1
t time
2
17. P = P0 et

at2 must be dimensionless

EXERCISE-III
1
Thus dimensions of a =  T 2
t 2
d3 y M0 L1 T0
3. A®   M0 L2 T0
dx 3 M0 L3 T 0
18. r = 0.5 gm/cc
1gm = 10–3 kg
R ®  ydx  M 0 L2 T 0
1cc = 10–6 m3

0.5  103
r= kg / m3 = 500 kg/m3
106

CHAPTER # 01 ERRORS
EXERCISE-I 4 3 V 3r
4. V= r   = 3(2%) = 6%
F F 3 V r
1. P=  2
A L
For max. error 1 2
5. h= gt (for free fall)
2
P F 2L
  = 4% + 2(2%) = 8%
P F L 2h
g=
M M t2
3.   2
V r h
g h 2t
 M 2r h    e1  2e2
   g h t
(For maximum error)
 M r h
EXERCISE-II
M 0.003
  100 = 1%,
M 0.3 X M L T
1. a b c
X M L T
r .005
  100 = 1%
r 0.5 = aa% + bb% + cg%

 0.06 X
  100 = 1% = (aa + bb + cg)%
kl 6 X


= 4%


6
 12. L.C. (least count) = 1MSD – 1VSD
 42  NV·S·D = (N–1) M·S·D
4. T = 2 g 2
g T
 N  1
1V·S·D· = M·S·D
g  2T N
   y  2x
g  T
 N  1 1 1
L·C=1M·S·D – MSD =   MSD  mm
A  N N N
5. A  2  2  2  2%   4%
A 
1
L·C = cm .
10N
2.63  2.56  2.42  2.71  2.80
6. Mean value a  13. V = pr2l.
5
V 2r   2 .01 0.1 
a = 2.624       100
V r   2 5 
absolute error in various readings are
Da1 = 2.624 – 2.63 = –.006 V
 3%
Da2 = 2.624 – 2.56 = .064 V
Da3 = 2.624 – 2.42 = .204 14. 20 VSD = 19 MSD
Da4 = 2.624 – 2.71 = –.086
19
Da5 = 2.624 – 2.80 = –.176 1 VSD = MSD
20
a1  a2  a 3  a 4  a5
a  19
5 L·C· = 1MSD – 1VSD = 1 MSD – MSD
20
= 0.11 sec
1
L·C = MSD
V 20
7. R=
I
1
 0.1  MSD  MSD  2mm .
20
R V I  5 0.2 
    100   100  % 15. H = I2Rt
R V I  100 10 
H 2I R t
= 7%     2  2%   1%  1%
H I R t
9. Circumference (s) = 2pr
= 6%
S r
  4%  42
S r 18. T = 2 g 2
g T
10. Thickness of cylinder can be wirtten as
t = t ± Dt g  2T
   1%  2  3%   7%
t = r2 – r1 = 4.23 – 3.89 = 0.34 g  T
Dt = Dr1 + Dr2 = .01 + .01 = .02 19. The correct value of diameter is upto 3 digits after the
t = (0.34 ± 0.02) cm decimal as the least count is 0.001 cm