Encoders

The combinational circuits that change the binary information into N output lines are
known as Encoders. The binary information is passed in the form of 2N input lines. The
output lines define the N-bit code for the binary information. In simple words,
the Encoder performs the reverse operation of the Decoder. At a time, only one input
line is activated for simplicity. The produced N-bit output code is equivalent to the binary
information.

There are various types of encoders which are as follows:

4 to 2 line Encoder:
In 4 to 2 line encoder, there are total of four inputs, i.e., Y0, Y1, Y2, and Y3, and two
outputs, i.e., A0 and A1. In 4-input lines, one input-line is set to true at a time to get the
respective binary code in the output side. Below are the block diagram and the truth table
of the 4 to 2 line encoder.

Block Diagram:

Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term A0 and A1 is as follows:

A1=Y3+Y2
A0=Y3+Y1

Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below:

8 to 3 line Encoder:
The 8 to 3 line Encoder is also known as Octal to Binary Encoder der. In 8 to 3 line
encoder, there is a total of eight inputs, i.e., Y 0, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, and Y7 and three
outputs, i.e., A0, A1, and A2. In 88-input lines, one input-line
line is set to true at a time to get
the respective binary code in the output side. Below are the block diagram and the truth
table of the 8 to 3 line encoder.

Block Diagram:
Truth Table:

The logical expression of the term A0, A1, and A2 are as follows:

A2=Y4+Y5+Y6+Y7
A1=Y2+Y3+Y6+Y7
A0=Y7+Y5+Y3+Y1

Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below:

Decoder
The combinational circuit that change the binary information into 2N output lines
is known as Decoders. The binary information is passed in the form of N input
lines. The output lines define the 2N-bit
bit code for the binary information. In simple
words, the Decoder performs the reverse operation of the Encoder.Encoder At a time,
only one input line is activated for simplicity. The produced 2 N-bit output code is
equivalent to the binary information.

There are various types of decoders which are as follows:

2 to 4 line decoder:
In the 2 to 4 line decoder, there is a total of three inputs, i.e., A 0, and A1 and E and
four outputs, i.e., Y0, Y1, Y2, and Y3. For each combination of inputs, when the
enable 'E' is set to 1, one of these four outputs will be 1. The block diagram and
the truth table of the 2 to 4 line decoder are given below.

Block Diagram:

Truth Table:

The logical expression of the term Y0, Y0, Y2, and Y3 is as follows:

Y3=E.A1.A0
Y2=E.A1.A0'
Y1=E.A1'.A0
Y0=E.A1'.A0'

Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below:

3 to 8 line decoder:
The 3 to 8 line decoder is also known as Binary to Octal Decoder. In a 3 to 8 line
decoder, there is a total of eight outputs, i.e., Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, and Y7 and
three outputs, i.e., A0, A1, and A2. This circuit has an enable input 'E'. Just like 2 to
4 line decoder, when enable 'E' is set to 1, one of these four outputs will be 1. The
block diagram and the truth table of the 3 to 8 line encoder are given below.

Block Diagram:
Truth Table:

The logical expression of the term Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, and Y7 is as follows:

Y0=A0'.A1'.A2'
Y1=A0.A1'.A2'
Y2=A0'.A1.A2'
Y3=A0.A1.A2'
Y4=A0'.A1'.A2
Y5=A0.A1'.A2
Y6=A0'.A1.A2
Y7=A0.A1.A2

Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below:

Multiplexer
A multiplexer is a combinational circuit that has 2 n input lines and a single output
line. Simply, the multiplexer is a multi
multi-input and single-output
output combinational
circuit. The binary information is received from the input lines and directed to the
output line. On the basis of the values of the selection lines, one of these data
inputs will be connected to the output.

coder, there are n selection lines and 2n input lines. So,

Unlike encoder and decoder,
there is a total of 2N possible combinations of inputs. A multiplexer is also treated
as Mux.
There are various types of the multiplexer which are as follows:

2×1 Multiplexer:
In 2×1 multiplexer, there
here are only two inputs, i.e., A0 and A1, 1 selection line, i.e.,
S0 and single outputs, i.e., Y. On the basis of the combination of inputs which are
present at the selection line S0, one of these 2 inputs will be connected to the
output. The block diagram m and the truth table of the 22×11 multiplexer are given
below.

Block Diagram:

Truth Table:

The logical expression of the term Y is as follows:

Y=S0'.A0+S0.A1

Logical circuit of the above expression is given below:

4×1 Multiplexer:
In the 4×1 multiplexer, there is a total of four inputs, i.i.e., A0, A1, A2, and A3, 2
selection lines, i.e., S0 and S1 and single output, i.e., Y. On the basis of the
combination of inputs that are present at the selection lines S0 and S1, one of
these 4 inputs are connected to the output. The block diagram and the truth
table of the 4×11 multiplexer are given below.

Block Diagram:

Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term Y is as follows:

Y=S1' S0' A0+S1' S0 A1+S1 S0' A2+S1 S0 A3

Logical circuit of the above expression is given below:

8 to 1 Multiplexer
In the 8 to 1 multiplexer, there are total eight inputs, i.e., A 0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6,
and A7, 3 selection lines, i.e., S0, S1and S2 and single output, i.e., Y. On the basis of
the combination of inputs that are present at the selection lines S0, S1, and S2, one
of these 8 inputs are connected to the output. The block diagram and the truth
table of the 8×1
1 multiplexer are given below.

Block Diagram:
Truth Table:

The logical expression of the term Y is as follows:

Y=S0'.S1'.S2'.A0+S0.S1'.S2'.A1+S0'.S1.S2'.A2+S0.S1.S2'.A3+S0'.S1'.S2 A4+S0.S1'.S2 A5+S0'.S1.
S2 .A6+S0.S1.S3.A7

Logical circuit of the above expression is given below:

De-multiplexer
A De-multiplexer
multiplexer is a combinational circuit that has only 1 input i line and
2N output lines. Simply, the multiplexer is a single
single-input
input and multi-output
multi
combinational circuit. The information is received from the single input lines and
directed to the output line. On the basis of the values of the selection lines, the
input will be connected to one of these outputs. De
De-multiplexer
multiplexer is opposite to the
multiplexer.

Unlike encoder and decoder, there are n selection lines and 2 n outputs. So, there
is a total of 2n possible combinations of inputs. De
De-multiplexer
multiplexer is also treated
trea
as De-mux.
There are various types of De
De-multiplexer which are as follows:

1×2 De-multiplexer:
multiplexer:
In the 1 to 2 De-multiplexer,
multiplexer, there are only two outputs, i.e., Y0, and Y1, 1 selection
lines, i.e., S0, and single input, i.e., A. On the basis of the selection value, the input
will be connected to one of the outputs. The block diagram and the truth table of
the 1×2 2 multiplexer are given below.

Block Diagram:

Truth Table:

The logical expression of the term Y is as follows:

Y0=S0'.A
Y1=S0.A

Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below

below:
1×4 De-multiplexer:
multiplexer:
In 1 to 4 De-multiplexer,
multiplexer, there are total of four outputs, i.e., Y0, Y1, Y2, and Y3, 2
selection lines, i.e., S0 and S1 and single input, i.e., A. On the basis of the
combination of inputs which are present at the selection lines S0 and S1, the input
be connected to one of the outputs. The block diagram and the truth table of the
1×44 multiplexer are given below.

Block Diagram:

Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term Y is as follows:

Y0=S1' S0' A
y1=S1' S0 A
y2=S1 S0' A
y3=S1 S0 A

ALogical
Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below:

1×8 De-multiplexer
multiplexer
In 1 to 8 De-multiplexer,
multiplexer, there are total of eight outputs, i.e., Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5,
Y6, and Y7, 3 selection lines,
ines, i.e., S0, S1and S2 and single input, i.e., A. On the basis
of the combination of inputs which are present at the selection lines S 0, S1 and S2,
the input will be connected to one of these outputs. The block diagram and the
truth table of the 1×8 de-multiplexer
multiplexer are given below.

Block Diagram:

Truth Table:
The logical expression of the term Y is as follows:

Y0=S0'.S1'.S2'.A
Y1=S0.S1'.S2'.A
Y2=S0'.S1.S2'.A
Y3=S0.S1.S2'.A
Y4=S0'.S1'.S2 A
Y5=S0.S1'.S2 A
Y6=S0'.S1.S2 A
Y7=S0.S1.S3.A

Logical circuit of the above expressions is given below: