Orthographic Projection
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G- Belmonte Nicole V.Orthographic Projection
Uploaded by
G- Belmonte Nicole V.Orthographic Projection
- referred to as orthogonal projection, it means representing three-dimensional objects in two
dimensions.
- The term orthographic is sometimes reserved specifically for depictions of objects where the
principal axes or planes of the object are also parallel with the projection plane, but these are
better known as “Multiview projections”.
6 Principal Views
- Top, Bottom, Front, Left, Right, First Angle and Third Angle
Alphabet of Lines
• Visible Line - visible edges or boundaries (thick;0.6mm)
• Hidden Lines - hidden from viewing direction (thin;0.3mm)
• Center Line - axes of symmetry (thin;0.3)
• Dimension Line, Extension Line and Leader - show sizes and location of objects (thick;0.3)
• Cutting Plane Line - location of imaginary cut (thick;0.6mm)
• Phantom Line - imaginary features (rotated position)
• Break Line - imaginary cut (thick;0.6mm)
Dimensioning - provide all info necessary for a finished product.
Types of Dimensioning
• Parallel Dimensioning - several dimension originating from one projection line
• Superimposed Running Dimensions - (•~>) simplifies parallel dimensions
• Chain Dimensioning - <---->
• Combined Dimensions - Chain and Parallel.
Dimensioning of Circles - Dimensioning Radii: R (radius)
Auxiliary View - used to show the inclined surfaces true size.
Purpose - true size
Why do we use? projection on an auxiliary plane that is parallel to an inclined surface;
describing true geometric shapes of inclined surfaces;dimensioning
Types of Auxiliary Views
• Primary Auxiliary View - viewing from one of the six principle views
• Secondary Auxiliary View - projected from a primary auxiliary view
• Tertiary Auxiliary View - projected from a sexondary or another
Axonometric Drawing
"Axonometric" means "to measure along axes"
- Axonometric projection shows an image of an object as viewed from a skew direction in order
to reveal more than one side in the same picture.
Types of Axonometric Drawing
• Isometric - The term "isometric" combines the Greek words "Iso" (equal) and “Metric"
(measure)
- It is the most commonly-used form of axonometric projection in engineering drawing, the
direction of viewing is such that the three axes of space appear equally foreshortened
• Dimetric - An axonometric projection in which only two faces are equally inclined to the
plane of projection.
• Trimetric - The direction of viewing is such that all of the three axes of space appear
unequally foreshortened. Trimetric projection is seldom used in the industry.
Oblique Drawing
- The kind of pictorial drawing of an object, where one surface is shown parallel to the frontal
plane and the other is inclined to it. It makes an angle of 30 to 60 degrees with the plane of
projection. But the most commonly used in the industry is 45°.
• A projective drawing of which the frontal lines are given in true proportions and relations and
all others at suitable angles other than 90 degrees without regard to the rules of linear
perspective.
Types of Oblique Drawing
• Cavalier Oblique - An oblique drawing in which the depth axis lines are in full scale or full
size. - The receding lines represents its true depth
• Cabinet Oblique -The depth axis lines are drawn at one-half scale.
- The receding line is drawn half-size, and the projectors makes an angle of 30, 45 and 60
degrees respectively
• General Oblique - Drawn at any convenient angle and the receding lines are drawn one
fourth-size (1/4) and or three fourth-size (3/4).
