21st Century

TIMELINE OF LITERATURE
Literature (origin of the term – litera, which means letter) deals with man's ideas, thoughts, and
emotions – thus, it can be said that literature is the story of man. (Kahayon, 1998, p. 5-7);
literature comes from the French phrase "belles letters," which means beautiful writing.
Through literature, we learn the innermost feelings and thoughts of people the most authentic

Critical analysis - is a careful examination and evaluation of a text, image, or other work or
performance while Close reading is a deep analysis of how a literary text works; it is both a
reading process and something you include in a literary analysis paper, though in a refined
form.

WEEK 2
Taglish Hanggang Saan? Region 4A (CALABARZON)By

Bienvenido L. Lumbera

-BORN IN LIPA, APRIL 11,1932

-FILIPINO POET,CRITIC, AND DRAMALIST “LIKHANG DILA,LIKHANG DIWA”

BONG ONG

-CONVERSATIONAL AND HUMOROUS WRITING STYLE

-BORN IN QUEZON CITY FEBUARY 1975

-ABNKKBSPLAko?! ,STAINLESS LONGGANISA KAPITAN SINO, ANG KAIBIGAN NI MAMA

SUSAN

TagLish- Convenient Vehicle, manner of expression, spontaneous interaction, physical

gestures, facial expressions, o tonal inflection, nagagawa ang filling-in na siyang
remedyo sa mga stylistic at logical gaps.

PETER SOLIS NERY - VISAYAS - POET, FICTIONIST, AND AUTHOR

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ANTHONY L.TAN- MINDANAO- POET, ESSAY, FICTIONIST- DON CARLOS

PALANCA

ABNKKBSNPLAko?! Characters

PORTIA

ROBERTO

SPECIAL SOMEONE

ULO

WEEK 3
Genre – means a type of art, literature, or music characterized by a specific form, content, and style.

Fiction - literature in the form of prose, especially short stories and novels. (IMAGINARY)

- Fantasy - does exist in real life

- Fable- distant past or timeless place
- Fairytale- impossible to solve
- Myth- recent or distant past/ may tell how nature looks or works
- Legend - in the past/ story of a hero
- Historical Fiction- historical events
-

Non-Fiction- (REALITY)

-Essay - Short literary composition which is expository in nature. The author shares of his thoughts,
feelings, experiences or observations on some aspects of life that have interested him.

- Journal- A magazine or periodical especially of a serious or learned nature.

-Autobiography -True story of someone’s life written by the person itself.

- Letter - A written message which displays aspects of an author’s psychological make-up not
immediately apparent in his more public writings.

-Biography - The true story of someone’s life written by someone else.

-Diary- A daily written record account of the writer’s own experience, thoughts, activities or observations.
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Short story- “slice of life” fictitious narrative

Novel- fictitious narrative with a complicated plot

Structure- arrangement and relations of parts and elements

(LITERARY GENRES)

1. HYPERPOETRY - Involves computer

2. TEXTULA- mobile phone poetry
3. Illustrated Novel - 50% text, 50% images , no text at all pure images
4. Graphic novel - comic form
5. Digi-Fiction- Triple media literature (books, movies, internal/ websites)
6. Flash fiction - very short fictional stories, maximum of 1,500 words, sudden fiction contains 750
words, Drabble is 100 words. Twitterature -280,Dribble is 50 words
7. Doodle Fiction- drawing and hand written graphic
8. Blogs, Email, Instant Messaging Novels - simulates social network exchange dialogue
9. ChickLit - Addresses issues of modern womanhood, often humorously and light-heartedly
10. Creative Non-Fiction - Literary non-fiction of narrative non-fiction.Creative nonfiction joins literary
art, fiction, poetry with research. There are five types.

Memoir - contain a personal experience of the narrator. It could include many scenes of a place, an

encounter with a person or an object such as a cat or dog (pet).

2. Personal essay- tackles one significant event in your life e.g., your visit to a trade fair, book fair,

zoological garden, or your fist meeting with your loved one

3. Short story - narrates with imagery, details of what you see, hear, feel, smell or taste in case of story

involving food preparation.

4. Lyric essay - similar to personal essay; but it plays with words with description that flow like music,

poetry to tell the story.

5. Literary journalism - including interviews and book reviews. The narrator tries to maintain an objective

impartial stand.

10. SPOKEN WORD POETRY - Spoken word poetry is poetry that is written on a page but performed for an audience.
Because it is performed, this poetry tends to demonstrate a heavy use of rhythm, improvisation, free association,
rhymes, rich poetic phrases, word play and slang.

11. SPECULATIVE FICTION - The setting is futuristic and involves supernatural elements. It encompasses horror and
science fiction works.

ELEMENTS OF FICTION

A. CHARACTERS – are the representation of human being

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TYPES OF CHARACTER

1. Round – a dynamic character who recognize changes in the circumstances. A fully developed characters with many
traits; bad and good shown in the story.

2. Flat – also known as the stock or stereotype who does not grow up and develop.

3. Others

a. PROTAGONIST- hero/ heroine

b. Antagonist- a foil to the protagonist

c. Deuteragonist- second in importance

d. Fringe- one who is destroyed by his inner conflict

e. Typical or minor characters

B. SETTING- the locale (place) or period (time) in which the action takes place (also known as the

background of the story)

C. CONFLICT- the struggle or complication involving the characters, the opposition of persons or forces

upon which the action depends in drama or fiction.

TYPES OF CONFLICT

1. Internal Conflict- occurs when the protagonist struggle within himself or herself. The protagonist is pulled

by two courses of action or by differing emotions.

2. Interpersonal Conflict- pits the protagonist against someone else. Person-against-person

3. External Conflict- happens when the protagonist is in conflict with the values of his or her society.

D. PLOT- a casually related sequence of events; what happens as a result of the main conflict is presented

in a structure format; the sequence of events which involves the character in conflict. (Beginning, Middle,

Ending)

1. Narrative order- the sequence of events

⮚ Chronological- the most common type of narrative order in children’s books.

⮚ Flashback- occurs when the author narrates an event that took place before the current
time of the

story.

⮚ Time Lapse- occurs when the story skips a period of time that seems unusual compared to
the rest of
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the plot.

1. Exposition- beginning; introduces the time, place, setting and the main characters.

2. Complication- rising action; unfolds the problems and struggles that would be encountered by the main

characters leading to the crisis.

3. Climax- result of the crisis; part where the problem or the conflict is the highest peak of interest.

4. Denouement- is the untying of the entangled knots, or the part that shows a conflict or problem is solved,

leading to its downwards movement or end.

5. Resolution- end; contains the last statements about the story.

E. THEMES - moral message about life or human nature that is communicated by a literary work.

F. SYMBOLISM- it is a literary device that uses symbols, or abstract ideas to represent something beyond the

literal meaning.

II. POETRY

ELEMENTS OF POETRY

1. Sense- is revealed through the meaning of words, images and symbols.

a. Diction- denotative and connotative meaning

b. Images and sense impression- sight, sound, smell, taste, touch, motion and emotion

c. Figures of speech- simile, metaphor, personification, apostrophe, metonymy, synecdoche, hyperbole,

irony, allusion, antithesis, paradox, litotes, oxymoron, onomatopoeia.

2. Sound- is the result of combination of elements.

a. Tone Color- alliteration, assonance, consonance, rhyme, repetition, anaphora.

b. Rhythm- ordered recurrent alternation of strong and weak elements in the flow of the sound and

silence: duple, triple, running or common rhyme.

c. Meter- stress, duration, or number of syllables per line, fixed metrical pattern, or a verse form

d. Rhyme Scheme- formal arrangement of rhymes in stanza or the whole poem.

3. Structure- refers to arrangement of words and lines to fit together, and the organization of the parts to

form a whole.

a. Word order- natural and unnatural arrangements of words

b. Ellipsis- Omitting some words for economy and effect

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c. Punctuation- abundance or lack of punctuation marks

d. Shape- contextual and visual designs; jumps, omission of spaces, capitalization, lower case.

WEEK 4

1. Literary- means concerned with or connected with the writing, study, or appreciation of literature.

2. Criticism- the analysis and judgment of the merits and faults of a literary or artistic work.

3. Literary Criticism- the study, discussion, evaluation, and interpretation of literature.

4. Formalist Approach- analyzing the literary elements.

5. Historical Approach- about historical and cultural conditions

6. Feminist Approach- female representation.

WEEK 5 AND 6

Multimedia - is a broad term for combining multiple media formats.

● Electronic literature – Electronic literature or digital literature encompasses works created exclusively on

and for digital devices, such as computers, tablets, and mobile phones.

● Format - general plan of organization, arrangement, or choice of material, a method of organizing data.

● Representation - an artistic likeness or image, the act or action of representing: the state of being

Represented.

Five Elements of Multimedia

1.TEXT - broad term for something that contains words to express something. It is the most essential
element of

multimedia. A good choice of words could help convey the intended message to the users (keywords).
Used in

contents, menus, navigational buttons.

2. GRAPHIC - It is a two-dimensional figure or illustration. It could be produced manually (by drawing,

painting,

carving, etc.) or by computer graphics technology. Used in multimedia to clearly show what particular
information

is all about (diagrams, picture).

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3. AUDIO - Produced by vibration, as perceived by the sense of hearing. In multimedia, audio could come
in

speech, sound effects, and music score.

4. ANIMATION - The illusion of motion created by the consecutive display of images of static elements. In

multimedia, the animation is used to enhance further/enrich the user's experience to understand further
the

information conveyed to them.

5. VIDEO - Is the technology of capturing, recording, processing, transmitting, and reconstructing moving
pictures.

Video is more towards photo-realistic image sequence / live recording as in comparison to animation.
Video also

takes a lot of storage space. So, plan before you are going to use it.

TEXT AND GRAPHICS

1.SLIDESHOW OR PRESENTATION- A slideshow or slide presentation is a series of pictures or pages of

information (slides), often displayed on a large screen using a video projector.

2. 2. PREZI - Prezi is a presentation tool that can be used to alternative traditional slide-making programs
such as PowerPoint.

3. DIAGRAM- A diagram is a symbolic representation of information using visualization techniques.

4. INFOGRAPHICS - An infographic (or information graphic) is "a visual representation of information or

data".

5. POWTOON- PowToon is a free online tool for creating animated videos. The website is marketed as a
tool for business presentations, school projects, and personal animated videos.

VIDEO

1. SCREEN CAPTURE - An image of the data displayed on the screen of a computer or mobile device, a
screenshot.

2. LECTURE CAPTURE - allows instructors to record their lectures and make them available online.

3.TALKING HEAD - Talking head is an informal term used to describe the widespread shot of a television
presenter or other personality talking directly to the audience, with only the upper body or head visible.

5. ANIMATION - The technique of photographing successive drawings or positions

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Francisco Sionil Jose born on Dec. 3, 1924, in Rosales, Pangasinan. He is best known for The Rosales
Saga, a five-novel epic encompassing 100 years of Philippine history, 1872-1972, and depicts
thePhilippines' revolutionary tradition.

WEEK 7 AND 8

Literary Adaptation - is a composition rewritten into a new form

KIND OF WRITERS

PLAYWRIGHT

LIBRETTIST

WRITER

SCREENWRITER

Literal Adaptation, what is written in literature will be exactly what is in the film.

Faithful Adaptation. - This level seeks to accentuate the timelessness and universality of the works'
messages and themes. The film follows the Text but has slightly altered elements. Most parts of the
literary Text appear.

Loose.- It lacks exact similarity to its source material. Still, for some, it can be a perfect movie.

Artful adaption. This type of Adaptation is most concerned with finding the balance between being
faithful to its source material and creating a film that can stand on as a work of art. It finds the essential
elements of the book and interprets them in ways that are meaningful for the audience. In this part,
language is necessary to convey the desired message to the audience.

Elements of a “Good Adaptation”

● Fidelity to the story. This means the degree to which detail and quality of original work is copied
exactly. It also deals with the accuracy of facts.
● Creative Addition (Music, actors, places). It means the artistic representation of the literary Text.
It also deals with the cinematography, music scoring, characters portraying roles, production
designs, and other vital elements that comprised the film.
● Temporal media between reading the book and watching the movie.
● Simplicity- movie stories can easily be expressed in a single sentence.
● Familiarity audiences prefer genre films that follow a consistent set of rules and promise a
predictable emotional experience.

A music video is a form of audiovisual communication in which the meaning is created via carriers of

information such as; (1) the music, (2) the lyrics, and (3) the moving images.
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Performance clip- a video that shows the vocalist in one or more settings

Narrative clip- a short silent movie to a musical background

Art Clip- No perceptible visual narrative and no lipsync

(KEY ELEMENTS)

● CLOSE UPS
● LIP SYNC
● PERFORMANCE ELEMENT
● NARRATIVE