DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE

Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines

IP Phone: 1017
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

AnSc 22n

INTRODUCTION TO LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY

Name: Renier C. Oronos Offering No: BO79

Course & Year: BSAB 1st year Instructor: Anthony Christian Y. Conde

Laboratory Exercise No. 1

Classification and Breed of Poultry

Introduction:

Classification and breeds of poultry help us to become knowledgeable about

domesticated animals, their characteristics, and more. There are many things we

can learn about this topic, especially how to breed a high-quality chicken, duck, etc.

Breeding refers to an established group of poultry that share the same general bony

shape, weight, and some other characteristics. Color, shape, and size, pattern, type

of comb, and feather pattern are used to categorize the breed's varieties. According

to my knowledge, the strain is a term that refers to a specific breeder who has done

the breeding and has introduced certain economic characteristics.

Learning outcomes:

1. Identify common poultry species, breeds, and types

2. Identify distinguishing characteristics between male and female poultry species

 DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
IP Phone: 1017
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

3. Know the factors to consider in selecting poultry species to be raised under certain

types of production systems

Methodology:

I read some sources from the internet, such as articles and published posts, that

related to the different poultry species, their characteristics, and the differences

between males and females. Since our neighborhood doesn't have a farm for

different poultry species, I gathered information on the internet and wrote it on a

piece of bond paper, then combined the ideas I gathered to come up with a good

introduction.

Discussion:

Table 1. List of poultry species with their technical names and morphological
differences.

Species Technical name Morphological difference

(mature animal)

Male Female Male Female

Chicken Rooster Hen  Pointed feather  Rounded

 Pointed sharp feather

spurs  Sometimes

have spurs but

not sharp at all

 DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
IP Phone: 1017
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

Mallard/ Drake Duck  Curled feathers  Loud in terms

Muscovy at the top of his quaking

duck tail  Shorter wings

 Make a raspy and neck

sound

Turkey Tom Hen  Featherless  No sharp spurs

head  Browned tipped

 Have a beard of breast feathers

whiskers

Geese Gander Goose  Longer and  Shorter neck

thicker neck  Pointed

 Rounded feathers

feathers

Ostrich Rooster Hens  White plumes in  Brown plumes

the wings and in the wings

tail and tail

 Black feathers  Lightbrown

feathers

Quail Cock Hen  Rich gray and  Plainer brown

brown, with a and lack the

black face facial markings

outlined with  No bulge

bold white
 DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
IP Phone: 1017
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

stripes

 Have bulge

As you can see in the table above, it tells about the difference between the male

and female poultry species. They have different characteristics from which we can

directly notice what gender an animal is. For example, the chicken, the male chicken

is called a "rooster" and it has a pointed feather, while the female chicken is called a

"hen" and it has rounded feathers.

Table 2. List of poultry species with representative strains and its characteristics

Breed/Strain Characteristic(s)

Chicken  Plymouth rock  Single comb with

 Brahma moderate size

 Stand in cold

temperature

Mallard/Muscovy duck  Pekin duck  Shank and feet are

 Indian runner reddish orange

 Very erect normal

posture and

straight neck

Turkey  Bourbon  Large carcass and

 Narragansett rich in flavor of

 DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
IP Phone: 1017
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

meat

 Grayish black beak,

orange pink legs

and feet, red

wattles

Geese  Chinese  Body is short and

 Diepholz feather are close

together

 Very short footed

Ostrich  South African  Long and white

ostrich neck

 Zimbabwean blue  Tallest ostrich

Quail  Bobwhite quail  Feathers are

 Japanese quail heavily mottled with

a pattern of brown,

black and white of

various shades

 Head are tawny in

color, with small

black patches

In this table, it shows the breeds or strains of every poultry species with their

characteristics, and we know there are several breeds or strains of every poultry
 DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
IP Phone: 1017
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

species. For example, in the chicken, I chose plymouth rock and brahma. Plymouth

rock has a single comb of moderate size, and brahma can stand cold temperatures.

Table 3. List of poultry production types with their characteristics

Production type Poultry Characteristics

 Require a good amount of

energy and protein to sustain this

fast growth
Poultry Mean production (broilers)
 Have white feathers and

yellowish skin

 Fast growth rate

 The weight is under 2 kilograms

Egg production (layers)  Eyes bright, well opened and

alert

 Body long, deep and

proportionate

 Skin thin, smooth and oily

 Neck short and strong

Game fowl raising  Serrated crest and a square

head

 Cheerful and aggressive

 Broad and strong loins

 DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
IP Phone: 1017
Email: [email protected]
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 Reddish combined with black

feathers, with medium yellow

legs

Free range chicken production  Warm red combs and wattles

 Firm and strong feather average

 High vigor

 Juicer, tender and better textured

meat

Balut/penoy  Balut is incubated for

approximately 18 days

 Balut is incubated fertilized duck

egg

 Penoy is infertile incubated duck

egg or with dead embryo

 Penoy is taste similar to a regular

fresh hard-boiled egg

In this table, there are different types of production, such as broilers, layers,

fowl, free-range chickens, and balut/penoy, each with their own characteristics. It

clearly states that every poultry species has a role, just like chickens. First, they can

be broilers, which means they can be used as meat. Second, they can also be layers

because they produce eggs. And lastly, chickens can be game fowl. It is a part of the
 DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
IP Phone: 1017
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

culture of the Philippines and it is called sabong, where two chickens fight until there

is a winner.

Answer to Question:

1. What are the factors to consider in selecting poultry animals based on the type of

production? (0.5 points per answer/ 10 points total).

Building a poultry farming business requires a significant financial investment,

which is dependent on the size and location of your farm, which is why investment is

a consideration. Feeders, drinkers, perches, nests, lighting management, waste

disposal, and other poultry equipment and appliances are essential because life

would be difficult without them. One factor is health, as poultry species require

regular check-ups as well as the appropriate vaccines and medications to prevent

diseases and promote growth.

2. Why is it important to classify poultry animals based on their utility potential before

going into production starts? (3 points).

Before going into production, it's critical to classify poultry animals based on their

utility potential, as this is the first thing we need to know to avoid confusion about

where these animals belong and what animal class they belong in, and it will be a

huge help to poultry owners who are new to caring for poultry species.

References:
 DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines
IP Phone: 1017
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph

https://ias.cafs.uplb.edu.ph/courses-offered/ansc-2/

https://books.google.com.ph/books/about/Introduction_to_Livestock_and_Poultry_Pr.html?

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