STS and

Objectives:
At the end of the presentation, the students will be able to:
O Explain and analyze the historical timeline and developments of Science
and Technology in the Philippines.
O Discuss the role of science and technology in the context of Philippine
Nation Building.
O Evaluate government policies pertaining to science technology in terms of
their contributions to a nation building.
O Identify actual science and technology policies of government and assess
their impact on the development of the Filipino nation.
Science and technology in the Philippines describes scientific and technological
progress made by the Philippines and analyses related policy issues.
q Pre-Colonial Period
q Spanish Colonial
q American Period & Post-
Commonwealth Era
q Marcos-Era and Martial Law
q Fifth Republic
 The early natives already have activities
qPre-colonial Period linked to science and technology even before
the colonizers came.

Alibata (Writing & Number

System), Calendar

Fire, light, and heat

Boat Building,
Jars (Manungguul, Mining and Weaving
Herbs and Medicine Bulol)
 Agricultural Revolution
1 METHODS IN
FARMING

3 CLAT
POTTERY &
METALLURGY

2 STONES FOR
RECORDING
PURPOSES

The Banaue Rice Terraces are

among the sophisticated products of
engineering by pre-Spanish era
4 BARTER
SYSTEM
Filipinos.
 On March 16, 1521, Magellan’s
expedition landed on Homonhon
Island in the Philippines.

Ferdinand Magellan, a
Portuguese in the service of the
Spanish crown, was looking
forward to a westward route to
the Spice Island of Indonesia.
But the colonization of the Philippine Island
wasn’t successful on the first attempt.

However, when Philip II succeeded, the throne

in 1556, he instructed Luis de Velasco, the
viceroy of Mexico, to prepare for a new
expedition- to be headed by Miguel Lopez de
Legazpi.
On February 13, 1565, Legaspi’s expedition landed in Cebu
Island. After a short struggle with the natives, he proceeded
to Leyte, then to Camiguin, and Bohol.
 Spanish Colonial Period

The colonization of the Philippines

contributed to growth of science and
technology in the archipelago

Parish schools were established where religion,

reading, writing, arithmetic and music was taught.
Sanitation and more advanced methods of agriculture
was taught to the native. Later the Spanish established
colleges and universities in the archipelago including
the University of Santo Tomas.
The Spanish introduced formal
education and founded scientific
institution. During the early years of
Spanish rule in the Philippines.
Sanitation and more advanced
methods of agriculture was taught to The study of medicine
was given priority in the
the natives.
Spanish era.

Fields of engineering in the

islands by constructing
government buildings, churches,
roads, bridges and forts.
 On July 1, 1901 The Philippine
Commission established the
On October 26, 1905, the Bureau On December 8, 1933, the
Bureau of Government
Laboratories which was placed of Government Laboratories was National Research Council
under the Department of Interior. replaced by the Bureau of Science of the Philippines was
established.
agriculture

medicine and
pharmacy
food processing
POST-COLONIAL HISTORY
 1967
During the Ferdinand Marcos’
Advancement of Science presidency, the importance
& technology shall have given to science grew.
priority in the national
development

He declared that science was necessary

for the development programs, and
thus, directed the Department of
Education to revitalize the science
courses in public high schools

Marcos Era & Martial Law

He recognized that technology was the
Shortly after the World War II, leading factor in economic development,
and channeled additional funds to support
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin projects in applied sciences and science
Marcos became the 6th president of education
the 3rd Republic of the Philippines.
 1969
He gave a big part of the war damage fund
to private universities to encourage them to
create courses in science and technology
and to research.

He proclaimed 35 hectares in
Bicutan, Taguig, Rizal as the site of
the Philippine Science Community

The government also conducted seminars

for public and private high school and
college science teachers, training
Marcos Era & Martial Law programs and scholarships for graduate
and undergraduate science scholars, and
workshops on fisheries and oceanography
 He emphasized that the upgrading of science 1970
curricula and teaching equipment is crucial to
the science development program.

He added the Philippine Coconut

Research Institute to the NSDB to
modernize the coconut industry

The NSDB also established the

Philippine Textile Research Institute.

The Philippine Atomic Energy

Commission of the NSDB
Marcos Era & Martial Law explored the uses of atomic
energy for economic
development.
1972 major development
projects in reforming
sectors of education

technical institutes

agricultural colleges and

vocational high schools

research and development

science education centers
schools
Marcos Era & Martial Law
 1972 In 1972, he created the National Grains Authority to
provide for the development of the rice and corn
industry to fully harness it for the economy of the
country. (Presidential Decree No. 4, s. 1972

He established the Philippine Council for Agricultural

Research to support the progressive development of
agriculture, forestry, and fisheries for the nation

He provided further support for the promotion of scientific research

and invention with Presidential Decree No. 49, s. 1972. This decree
contains details on the protection of intellectual property for the creator
or publisher of the work

Marcos Era & Martial Law He established the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and
Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) under
Presidential Decree No. 78, s. 1972
 1973

In 1973, he created the Philippine National Oil

Company to promote industrial and economic
Marcos Era & Martial Law development through effective and efficient use
of energy sources. (Presidential Decree No.
334, s. 1973)[
 1976

Presidential Decree No. 1003-A, s. 1976 –

establishment of the National Academy of
Science and Technology]

Marcos Era & Martial Law

1978-79

Government invested funds and time in

organizations for scientific research, such as
the NSDB, the Philippine Council for
Agricultural Research and Resources, the
Plant Breeding Institute, the International
Rice Research Institute, the Bureau of Plant
Industry, and the Bureau of Forest Products.
Task Force on the formulation
of a national action program
on science and technology to
assess policies and programs
of science and technology.
(Executive Order No. 512, s.
1978)[ Marcos Era & Martial Law
 1979-80

In 1979, he constituted the

Health Sciences Center created
by R.A. No. 5163
In 1980, he created the National
Committee on Geological
Sciences to advise government
and private entities on matters
concerning development in
Marcos Era & Martial Law geological sciences. (Executive
Order No. 625, s. 1980)
1982 In 1982, he reorganized the National Science Development Board
and its agencies into a National Science and Technology Authority
to provide central direction and coordination of scientific and
technological research and development. (Executive Order No.
784, s. 1982)[

He granted salary increases to the people with teaching

positions in the Philippine Science High School due to
their necessity in the advancement of national science.
(Executive Order No. 810, s. 1982).

He enacted a law on the completion of the National

Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Complex at
the University of the Philippines at Los Baños.
(Executive Order No. 840, s. 1982
Marcos Era & Martial Law
 1986

He established the Mindanao and Visayas

campuses of the Philippine Science High
School to encourage careers in science and
technology (Executive Order No. 1090, s.
Marcos Era & Martial Law 1986).
 1986-1992
Science and technology
The National Science and development shall be
Technology Authority was one of the top three
replaced by the Department of priorities of the
Science and Technology, giving government towards an
science and technology a economic recovery.
representation in the cabinet.

Maria Corazon Sumulong Cojuangco

Aquino was the 1st president of the
5th republic of the Philippines.

Under the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan for the years
1987–1992, science and technology's role in economic
recovery and sustained economic growth was highlighted.
5th Republic: Corazon Aquino
 1986-1992

Created the Presidential Task

Force for Science and
Technology which came up with
the first Science and Technology
Master Plan or STMP. The goal of
STMP was for the Philippines to
achieve newly industrialized
country status by the year 2000.

5th Republic: Corazon Aquino

Science & Technology
Masterplan (STMP) was
submitted to the President in
March 1989 by the
Presidential Task Force
composed of the DOST, DA,
DTI, DOTC, as well as the
presidential adviser on public
resources and three
academic institutions directly
involved in S&T
The Development of Fifteen (15) leading
edges to steer the country towards
industrial development were:

Energy Construction
Instrumentation &
Control

Natural Resources
Food
Aquaculture Information Technology

Transportation

Emerging Technologies

Marine Fisheries Process Industry

Electronics

Forestry Feed Industry

Pharmaceuticals
 Ironically, it was during President
Corazon Aquino's term and the
reorganization of Philippine
bureaucracy that Executive Order
No.128 abolished R.A. No. 3859, also
known as the “Philippine Inventors
Incentive Act.”

During her term, President Corazon

Aquino encouraged scientists and
inventors to bring the Philippines to
its former position as second to
Japan in the field of science and
technology.
5th Republic: Corazon Aquino
 R.A. 6655 or the Free Public Secondary
Education Act of 1988 opened doors to free
education up to the secondary level,
implemented in the education system together
with this was the “Science for the Masses
Program” which aimed at scientific and
5th Republic: Corazon Aquino technological literacy among Filipinos
q there was a significant
increase in personnel
specializing in the
science and
technology field

q newly built Philippine

Science High Schools in
Visayas and Mindanao
which promotes further
development of young kids
through advance S&T
curriculum

q Health care services were promoted

through local programs such as "Doctors
to the Barrio Program." 5th Republic: Fidel Ramos
 Priority for S&T personnel
increased when Magna Carta for
Science and Technology
Personnel (Republic Act No. 8439)
was established

National Program for Gifted Filipino

Children in Science and Technology
and enactment of a law creating a
nationwide system of high schools
specializing in the field of science and
engineering

5th Republic: Fidel Ramos

 Fidel V. Ramos believes that science and
technology was one of the means wherein the
Philippines could attain the status of new
industrialized country (NIC). In 1993, Science
and Technology Agenda for National
Development (STAND) was established.

5th Republic: Fidel Ramos

 Science & Technology Agenda for
National Development (STAND)
Philippines 2000
q This plan was initiated during the term of President Ramos and it embodied
the the country’s technology development plan in the medium-term, in
particular, for the period 1993-1998.

q The STAND identified 7 export winners :

Computer Software Metal Dried Fruits

Gift, Toys & Fabrication
Fashion Housewares
Accessories Marine Products Furnitures
 q Magna Carta for Science and Technology
Personnel (Republic Act No. 8439); (2)
q Science and Technology Scholarship Law of
1994 (Republic Act No. 7687) and
q Inventors and Inventions Incentives Act
(Republic Act No. 7459).
q The Intellectual Property Code of the
Philippines (Republic Act No. 8293) was
enacted during Ramos' term.

5th Republic: Fidel Ramos

In President Joseph Estrada's term, two major legislations
that where signed were:
q Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic Act No.
8749 which was designed to protect and preserve the
environment and ensure the sustainable development
of its natural resources, and
q Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (Republic Act No.
8792) which outlaws computer hacking and provides
opportunities for new businesses emerging from the
Internet-driven New Economy. 5th Republic: Joseph Estrada
cost-effective
He also announced that Dole-outs are
irrigation out, which meant basic health care,
technologies basic nutrition, and useful education
for those who want, but cannot afford
it.

one science high school in

every province

5th Republic: Joseph Estrada

"golden age" of science and
technology Numerous laws and projects that
concerns both the environment and
science to push technology as a tool
to increase the country's economic
level.

Moreover, the term

"Filipinnovation" was the
coined term used in helping
the Philippines to be an
innovation hub in Asia
5th Republic: Gloria Arroyo
 One of the more known laws to be In an effort to improve the efficiency
passed by her administration was the of both land and water, the
R.A. 9367 or the "Biofuels" act government imposes Republic Act
10601 which improves the
Agriculture and Fisheries Sector
through Mechanization (AFMech).

RA 10601 covers research, development, and

extension (RDE), promotion, distribution,
supply, assembling, manufacturing,
regulation, use, operation, maintenance and
project implementation of agricultural and
fisheries machinery and equipment
5th Republic: Gloria Arroyo