Roy Felix Toyorada Abrio, RN

Disaster…
•A sudden event, such as an accident or a
natural catastrophe, that causes great
damage or loss of life.
•A dangerous situation or threat from
natural or man-made events that disrupt
the functions of individuals in a community
Disaster…
•A serious disruption of the functioning of a
community or a society involving
widespread human, material, economic, or
environmental losses and impacts, which
exceeds the ability of the affected
community or society to cope using its own
resources.
Disaster…
•An event or fact that has unfortunate
consequences.
 ELEMENTS OF DISASTER
•Harzard
•Exposure
•Vulnerability
Natural Event

Hazard

Disaster
NATURAL EVENTS
 NATURAL EVENTS
When does a Natural Event become a Hazard?
NATURAL EVENTS
ANSWER: If it implies Threat!!!
 HAZARD
•Is a situation that poses a level of
threat to life, health, property, or
environment.
 HAZARD
When does a HAZARD become a DISASTER?
 HAZARD
Disaster happens when the probable
destructive agent, the hazard, hits a
vulnerable populated area.
Natural Hazards
•Are caused by an abrupt or slow
onset of naturally occurring
phenomena which can be
biological, , geological,
hyrdrological, meteorological, and
climatological in origin.
 Biological
Natural Hazards
•Diseases
•Epidemics
•Plagues
 Geological
Natural Hazards
•Earthquakes,
•landslides,
•tsunamis, and
•Volcanic activity
 Hydrological
Natural Hazards
•Avalanche
•Floods
 Meteorological
Natural Hazards
•Storm surges,
•cyclones,
•tornadoes
 Climatological
Natural Hazards
•Drought
•Wildfires
Man-made Hazards
•Are caused by human activities
and occur nar human
settlements.
•Pollution, industrial and
transport accidents, conflicts.
VULNERABILITY
The failure to withstand the
impacts of hazards.
Can impacts of a disaster can be reduced?

YES!!!
 MITIGATION
Refers to the act of preventing or minimizing the
effects of a disaster by introducing precautionary
measures before it strikes a community.
 EXPOSURE
Any element (people, property, or
system) that is present in a hazard and is
prone to potential loss.
 DISASTER can be
Natural or Man-made
NATURAL DISASTER
•Are unpredictable, but
communities can prepare for its
occurrence to avoid heavy
damages.
NATURAL DISASTER
•However, there are warnings
from PAGASA (Philippine
Atmospheric, Geophysical and
Astronomical Services) for
typhoons.
NATURAL DISASTER
•Wind related (typhoons)
•Water related (flash flood)
•Earth related (landslides)
•Space related (asteroid collisions)
MAN-MADE DISASTER
•Are caused by human activities
and occur nar human
settlements.
•Pollution, industrial and
transport accidents, conflicts.
MAN-MADE DISASTER
•War
•Arson
•Industrial explosions
•Wildfire extinction
 EXPOSURE
Any element (people, property, or
system) that is present in a hazard and is
prone to potential loss.
 DISASTER RISK
“the combination of the probability of an
event and its negative consequences.”
 HAZARD
• Any phenomenon that
can potentially cause
damage to life, property,
or environment.
 EXPOSURE
• Any element (people,
property, or system) that
is present in a hazard and
is prone to potential loss.
VULNERABILITY
• Feature of a community
that makes them prone
and exposed to the
negative impacts of
hazard.
 DISASTER can be
Natural or Man-made
NATURAL DISASTER
•Are unpredictable, but
communities can prepare for its
occurrence to avoid heavy
damages.
NATURAL DISASTER
•However, there are warnings
from PAGASA (Philippine
Atmospheric, Geophysical and
Astronomical Services) for
typhoons.
NATURAL DISASTER
•Wind related (typhoons)
•Water related (flash flood)
•Earth related (landslides)
•Space related (asteroid collisions)
MAN-MADE DISASTER
•Are caused by human activities
and occur nar human
settlements.
•Pollution, industrial and
transport accidents, conflicts.
MAN-MADE DISASTER
•War
•Arson
•Industrial explosions
•Wildfire extinction
 DISASTER RISK
REDUCTION
Disaster risk reduction aims to decrease the
risk level in communities. It implements
policies and measures to control potential risks
like poor urban and rural planning, poverty,
and poor government and local capacities.
PURPOSE of DRR…
•reduce vulnerability to life, property, or
environment to an existing hazard;
•increase preparedness through proper
mitigation procedures.
PURPOSE of DRR…
•Increase preparedness through
proper mitigation procedures.
Characteristics of Disaster:
•Disasters are
inherently
unexpected or
come quickly with
little or no warning.
Characteristics of Disaster:
•Disaster cannot
be managed
through normal
means.
Characteristics of Disaster:
•Disaster knows
no political
boundaries.
Characteristics of Disaster:
•Creates new tasks
and requires
more people as
disaster
responders.
Characteristics of Disaster:
•Worsens
confusion in
understanding
roles of people
and organizations.
Characteristics of Disaster:
•Exposes lack of
disaster planning,
response and
coordination.
Medical Effects
•Traumatic Injuries
•Emotional Stress
•Epidemic Disease
Damage to Critical Facilities
•Communication
installations
•Electrical generating
and transmission
facilities.
•Hospitals
Damage to Critical Facilities
•Water facilities
•Other public and
private buildings.
Disruption of Transportation
•Broken bridges
and roads.
•Streets
impassable by
landslides/floods.
Economic Impact
•Economic activities and business
operations are curtailed.
•People will also leave their job
and use their time for disaster-
related activities.
Global Environmental Change
•Wide range of hazards such as
wildfires and mudslides
•Reduced productivity in the ocean
•Weakened immune systems of
people and animals
Social and Political Impact
•The poor are the most
vulnerable group in a
community and they are
greatly affected by disasters.
 RESILIENCE
•is the ability of individuals to
recover from the impacts of a
disaster.
Factors that increase the
resilience of an individual:
•Social Support
•Coping confidence