A STUDY ON

“SAVINGS AND INVESTMENT BEHAVIOUR OF GOVERNMENT

EMPLOYEES IN BOITAMARI AREA OF BONGAIGAON DISTRICT”

A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF MASTER

OF COMMERCE (M.COM) 3RD SEMESTER COURSE CURRICULUM

UNDER GAUHATI UNIVERSITY

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF SUBMITTED BY-

Dr. RUNUMONI LAHKAR DAS APURBA SARKAR

Assistant professor M.COM 3rd SEMESTER
Dept of finance GU Roll no: PC-191-020-0065
KC das commerce college GU Registration number: 289862 of 2016-2017
Guwahati 781021

KC DAS COMMERCE COLLEGE

CHATRIBARI REHABARI, GUWAHATI-781008
 Certificate of Originality

This is to certify that this dissertation entitled “SAVINGS AND INVESTMENT

BEHAVIOUR OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES IN BOITAMARI AREA OF
BONGAIGAON DISTRICT” is a record of genuine work done by APURBA SARKAR, bearing
Roll no: PC-191-020-0065, Gauhati University Registration No. 289862 of 2016-2017, a student of
M.Com 3rd Semester, KC DAS COMMERCE COLLEGE

The matter embodied in the project is a genuine work and has been prepared under my
guidance. The work has not been submitted to any University, Institution or Organisation for any
other degree, diploma or certificate.

Place : Dr. RUNUMONI LAHKAR DAS

Date : Department of finance

KC DAS Commerce College

i
 DECLARATION

I, APURBA SARKAR, of M.Com 3rd Semester, KC DAS COMMERCE COLLEGE, bearing

Roll No. PC-191-020-0065, hereby declare that the dissertation entitled, “SAVINGS AND
INVESTMENT BEHAVIOUR OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES IN BOITAMARI AREA
OF BONGAIGAON DISTRICT” is conducted for the purpose of partial fulfillment of M.Com
course curriculum under Gauhati University regulation and has been prepared by me. This
project is the result of my own effort and it has not been submitted to any University, Institution
or Organization for any other degree, diploma or certificate. I also declare that the information
provided in this project is true to the best of my knowledge.

DATE APURBA SARKAR

PLACE Roll Number: PC-191-020-0065

Gu Registration Number: 289862 of 2016-2017

M..Com 3rd Semester

KC Das Commerce College.

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I owe my debt of gratitude for the concern on me by Dr. RUNUMONI LAHKAR DAS for her
timely help, support, and continuous guidance in various ways that propelled the successful
completion of the dissertation consigned to me.

I would like to express my earnest gratitude and thanks to our Principal- Dr HRISHIKESH
BARUAH and the lecturers of PG. Dept of KC Das Commerce College, and others who have
given us a big opportunity to carry out the dissertation.

I also want to acknowledge and thank all the respondents of my Questionnaire who have been
very cooperative during my research work and who have made it a success..

I am very much pleased at carrying out the same. It enhanced my Practical knowledge on this
study i.e. ‘Savings and Investment Behavior of Government Employees’

DATE APURBA SARKAR

APURBA SARKAR
PLACE Roll Number: PC-191-020-0065
DATE Roll Number: PC-191-020-0065
GU Registration Number: 289862 of 2016-2017
PLACE Gu Registration Number:
M..Com 3rd Semester
M..Com 3rd Semester
KC Das Commerce College.
KC Das Commerce College.

iii
 PREFACE

Research is an important aspect for an individual to enhance their knowledge on various

phenomena.

The dissertation ‘Savings and Investment Behavior of Government Employees’ is an attempt to

understand the investment and savings behavior of government employees.

I would like to offer my gratitude to Gauhati University for including dissertation paper in our
course curriculum because this work has given me a preliminary knowledge of how to conduct a
research and the manner to do further research work properly.

DATE: APURBA
APURBASARKAR
SARKAR

PLACE:
DATE Roll
RollNumber:
Number:PC-191-020-0065
PC-191-020-0065

PLACE Gu
GuRegistration
RegistrationNumber:
Number: 289862 of 2016-2017

M..Com3rd3rdSemester
M..Com Semester

KC
KCDas
DasCommerce
CommerceCollege.
College.

iv
 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

TITLE OF THE ‘SAVINGS AND INVESTMENT BEHAVIOUR OF

PROJECT: GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES IN BOITAMARI AREA OF
BONGAIGAON DISTRICT’

It has taken around ONE month to prepare the project,

DURATION:
JANUARY 2021

REFERENCE
BOITAMARI AREA OF BONGAIGAON DISTRICT
AREA:

NAME OF THE
Dr. RUNUMONI LAHKAR DAS
GUIDE:

1. To find out savings and investment behaviour of

government employees.

2. To examine the awareness of the government employees

OBJECTIVES:
regarding various opportunities for Investment and factors
considerd by them before investing.

3. To analyse the risk bearing capacity of government

employees regarding their investment and savings.

4. To study the decision making criteria for different age group

employees regarding their Investment and Savings.

v
 The preparation of the project report entails collection of
RESEARCH primary and secondary data. For the purpose of first hand
METHODOLOGY: information the researcher has depended upon the interview
schedule, questionnaire and field survey.

It was found that majority of the respondents prefer to invest in

those areas where the risk is minimum. Most of the
respondents take investment decisions by their own and they
FINDINGS:
mostly prefer to put their amount on investment for 5 to 6
years.

Government should take special initiative to increase the

awareness level of the government of the employees
SUGGESTION: regarding the benefits and opportunities that can be created
with proper savings and utilizing those savings to make
investment in different sectors also government should
encourage its employees to save more and invest more by
giving some incentives, financial advices and suggestions.

vi
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE
NO. ITEMS NO.

3.1 Representing the age of the respondents 23-24

3.2 Representation of the gender of the respondents 25

3.3 Representation of the marital status of the respondents 26

3.4 Representation of the family members of the respondents 27

3.5 Representation of the salary range of the respondents 28

3.6 Representation of the number of bank accounts preferred by 29

therespondents

3.7 Representation of the type of bank preferred by the respondents 30

3.8 Representation of the monthly savings by the respondents 31

3.9 Representation of the investments by the respondents 32

3.10 Representation of managing the investment of the respondents 33

Representation of satisfaction from the current return 34

3.11 frominvestment of the respondents

3.12 Representation of the risk and return policy preferred by 35

therespondents

3.13 Representation of the duration of investment 36

3.14 Representation of the liquidity factor of investment

among the respondents 37

3.15 Representation of the facilities of mutual fund that 38

therespondents are aware of

Representation of the savings or investment preference by the

3.16 39
respondents

3.17 Representation on respondents view on diversification 40

 LIST OF CHARTS

CHART PAGE
NO. ITEMS NO.

3.1 Representing the age of the respondents 23-24

3.2 Representation of the gender of the respondents 25

3.3 Representation of the marital status of the respondents 26

3.4 Representation of the family members of the respondents 27

3.5 Representation of the salary range of the respondents 28

3.6 Representation of the number of bank accounts preferred by the 29

respondents

3.7 Representation of the type of bank preferred by the respondents 30

3.8 Representation of the monthly savings by the respondents 31

3.9 Representation of the investments by the respondents 32

3.10 Representation of managing the investment of the respondents 33

Representation of satisfaction from the current return from 34

3.11 investment of the respondents

3.12 Representation of the risk and return policy preferred by the 35

respondents

3.13 Representation of the duration of investment 36

3.14 Representation of the liquidity factor of investment of the

respondents 37

3.15 Representation of the facilities of mutual fund that the 38

respondents are aware of

Representation of the savings or investment preference by the

3.16 39
respondents

3.17 Representation on respondents view on diversification 40

 CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE NO.

ITEMS
NO.
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY i

DECLARATION ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

PREFACE iv

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY v-vi

LIST OF TABLES vii

LIST OF CHARTS viii

1 INTRODUCTION 1-15
1.1 BACKGROUND 1-4
1.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 5-8
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 9
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 10
1.5 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY 11-13
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 14
1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 15

2 OVERVIEW 16-22
2.1 INVESTMENT AVENUES 16-20
2.2 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION 21
2.3 DIRECTORATE OF HEALTH SERVICES 22

3 DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 23-40

4 FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND 41-45

CONCLUSION
4.1 FINDINGS 41-42
4.2 SUGGESTIONS 43
4.3 CONCLUSION 44-45

BIBLIOGRAPHY
ANNEXURE
QUESTIONNAIRE
 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND
The Indian economy has undergone a gradual transformation from a near stagnant economy in
the mid- sixties to a high growth economy during the eighties. In fact, the growth rate of the
economy averaged around 3.5 per cent per annum for the period 1950-1980. However, the
impressive growth performance of the eighties was also associated with a steady deterioration in
a number of macroeconomic indicators which led to the economic crisis of 1990. Indian
economy under- went a massive restructuring on account of new economic policies. The
economic crisis of 1991 had cast serious doubts about the sustainability of the growth
experience of the eighties. After two decades of economic reforms, India has finally embarked
on a growth path never seen before in the history of the subcontinent. This has led to the
resurgence of interest in economic growth in India. One of the most complex and empirically
unsettled subjects in economics is the explanation of the process of economic growth. As the
creation of wealth is of critical importance for the welfare of most people around the world the
current disarray in growth economics is not only a topic of analytical interest but also of
practical importance. One of the controversies in growth is the relative role of saving and
investment in driving economic growth. Hence over the last three decades the determinants of
economic growth have attracted increasing attention in both theoretical and applied research.

Savings play an important role in the capital formation and hence is the major contributor in the
overall economic development of the country. It is considered as an important economic
variable. The extent of domestic saving is the source of capital formation, which is indispensable
for rapid economic growth. The role of savings in promoting investment and hence economic
growth has received considerable attention in India since independence. This has made India as
one of the high saving economies of the world. Indian economy has outlined a path of capital
accumulation for itself in which a major part of the resources needed for economic development
is supplied by domestic savings.

1
Investment culture is a prerequisite and financial planning is a challenge for most people in the
country when resources are limited and needs are endless. As with most challenges, achieving
financial security is very much a matter of understanding concepts, organizing information and
developing a workable process. Hence, financial planning, investment and saving should be a
series of steps that help us reach our financial goals in the future with ease. Savings and
investment among the masses emerge as a result of the cultural background.

It is a normal human tendency to spend the earnings, but the need of protecting or safeguarding
future needs forces humans to save for the future and this culture of saving and directing the
savings to profitable investments are influenced by the extent and level of financial planning
carried out.

In India domestic savings originate from three principal sectors namely:

i. Household Sector: The household sector comprises, apart from individuals, all non
government and non-corporate enterprises like sole proprietorships, and non-profit institutions
which provide educational, cultural, health, recreational and other social and community service
to households. Household savings comprise of physical and financial savings. Household
financial savings are obtained by the financial flow approach, in which net additions to
individual financial assets attributable to households are estimated based on the residual method.
The residual method is also employed to derive household savings in physical assets from the
nation-wide estimate derived based on the commodity flow method combined with some
expenditure methods.

ii. Private Sector: The private corporate sector includes joint stock companies, non financial
and financial companies (including those of foreign-controlled rupee companies) and co-
operative banks and societies and quasi-corporate bodies.

2
iii. Public Sector: The Public sector includes public authorities, government administration and
quasi government bodies, departmental (commercial) enterprises, non-departmental commercial
enterprises, governmental companies and statutory corporation including port trusts. The saving
estimate of the private and public sectors are based on published a account that is, based on their
income and expenditure accounts for different sub-sectors, based on current receipts over
current expenditure.

REASONS TO INVEST:

Though people tend to invest for numerous reasons, National Council of Applied Economic

Research (NCEAR), India with the sponsorship of Securities and Exchange Board of India
(SEBI) has conducted a research on savings and investments. In their report (2011), they have

mentioned the following prime reasons for people to invest:

(a) Securing post retirement life:

Retirement is must for every working professional at some point of their life. It’s a period that can
be filled with lots of expected and unexpected situation or risks such as medical emergencies,
death of loved ones etc. to counter such intense level of uncertainties may occur after retirement a
working professional must take keep those thing in mind and must start investing while the person
is working. This simple steps and few good financial planning and investment could even out the
lots of uncertainties of retirement life up to certain extent.

(b) Education of children and marriage:

Due to the love and affection on the children, most people in this world feel that, it is their moral

duty to create better future for their loved ones. As the needs of their children, whether
education expenses or marriage expenses will arise after a long time, which in many cases may
range over a decade or two, one can fulfill this family obligation only by making proper
investment.

3
(c) Creation of wealth:
As someone said “yesterday is history and tomorrow is mystery”, it is true that no one knows
what will happen in future. Hence, it is always advisable to invest today to face unforeseen
events of tomorrow. Especially after every economic recession, the people who lost their
earning capacity and could not invest during their earning days remained as unfortunate
examples for others. If people invest and nothing unfortunate happens in the future, they can use
the investments either to spend on tours or can have a one life much above the regular comfort
and they will be in a position to create wealth to pass on to their next generation, who can utilize
for any productive activity.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SAVINGS AND INVESTMENT:

The remaining earnings after meeting basic requirements are called savings. But the money
deposited in profitable ways is investment. A difference is worth noting : Savings normally does
not require much skill. It is enough to be economical. But investing envisages good skill and
experience because the money that has been saved is invested. If the investor does not properly
channelize his savings, he has to risk his savings. That is why all savers in a country are not
good investors. Similarly, a saver is different from an investor. A saver saves a part of his
earnings. An investor, even if he fails to save, borrows loans to invest in profitable ventures.
Generally, the saving and investment behavior differs from person to person.

Since, the motive and the purpose of investment and savings are different for different
individuals, so, an effort has been made through the study to understand the investment and
savings behaviour of government employees.

4
1.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

1) Singh, Ajay (1979) in “A Study of certain aspects of Household Savings Behaviour in New
Delhi” brings out the reasons for savings behaviour and the risk involved in investment by the
respondents at Delhi. The study reveals that the investors’ preferences varies with growth in age
and occupational status in terms of savings behaviour, risk tolerance, savings ratio and
satisfaction with the different levels of savings. The study founds that the individuals who are
residing in their own houses, have higher income and higher savings;

2) R. Jayachandran (2006) in his study entitled “A Study on the behaviour of Household

towards Savings and Investments” revealed that there is moderate level of savings in household.
The major factors of savings are the personal income, family income, family size and life cycle
of the household. The most popular investment on physical assets are consumer durables
whereas on financial assets are bank deposits. The study found that there is a relatively poor
level of awareness among the rural people about the various financial assets. Many investors
invested in safe financial assets like bank deposits. Only a few investors preferred the
investment on public issues but they are not aware of the market value of their holdings.

3) Arul Stephan and Dr.V. D. Selvi (2009) in their study stated that it is necessary on the part
of the elders to find a definite source of income for themselves. The senior citizens have various
alternative avenues of investments for their savings in accordance to their preference. A definite
idea about investment will provide senior citizens a steady income which helps them in the
phase of rising cost in future. Hence, it is the need of the hour for the elders to think and act
wisely in their investment decision. As all the investments are not equally good, awareness of

5
various schemes and the privileges of the aged will help them to select the best suitable
investment avenue.

4) S. Kalavathy (2009) in her work titled “A Study on the Savings and Investment Behaviour of
Salaried Persons” states that the current study is divided into two sections. The first section
elucidates the awareness of savings and Investment modes and factors influencing the savings
and investments, the second section discusses on their preferences, perceptions and satisfaction
towards the savings and investment avenues. It has been found that with the proportion of
population, the working age group of 15-64 years is also going to increase in future, the
demographic extra savings are also likely to increase. The study shows growth in real interest
rate, growth in per capita income, spread of banking facilities and the rate of inflation has
statistically significant positive influence on domestic savings.

5) Sanjay Kanti Das (2012) reveals the behaviour of the Middle class investors through an
empirical analysis. The study is based on primary sources of data and it has been observed that
most of the respondents show their keen interest towards the insurance products so as to get tax
benefits, life protection and average profitable investment avenues. It is also found that the level
of income influences the investment decisions. Higher income group shows relatively high
preference towards investment in share market and lower and average income group shows keen
preference towards insurance and banks as the most preferred investment avenues.

6) Aparna Samudra, M.A. Burghate(2012) examined the investment behaviour of the middle
income class households in Nagpur and concluded that it is not only the income of the
household that has an immediate bearing on the investment preferences but also the age group to
which the head of the household belongs that influences the choice of investment avenue.
Geographical horizon of the investors, risks bearing capacity, educational level, age, gender and
risk tolerance capacity etc, also impacts their selection.

6
7) Kathuria and Singhania (2012) concluded that private sector banking employees were
investing a larger portion of their savings into safe and risk-free investment avenues, like
employee provident fund, public provident fund and life insurance policy and only forty per cent
of the respondents had high level of awareness regarding various investment avenues.

8) Minakshi Chaturwedi, Shruti Khare (2012) examine the investment pattern and awareness
of Indian investors instruments like bank deposits, real estate, small savings, life insurance
schemes, bullions, commercial deposits etc. They study to find out the impact of age, education
and occupation and income level on investment and tried to identify the factors influencing the
investor’s awareness and preference. They pointed out that investors pay less attention while
evaluating the pros and cons of investing in different securities. The importance of systematic
and analytical evaluation of available alternatives 39 must be convey to divert the surplus fund
towards productive use i.e. proper investment options.

9) Dr. Dattatraya T. Charvare,(2012) pointed out that we have to save a little and invest it
wisely. Everyone seems to understand this basic principle of investment. Investment means the
purchase by an individual of a financial or real asset that produces a return proportion to the risk
assumed over some future investment period. For achieving this investor has to decide on how
and where to deploy his/her saving. Saving motive is a desire to reserve certain portion of
income for future. Keynes has given eight factors which were believed to lead individuals to
restrict from spending out their incomes. It depends upon the strength of motive power behind it.
Saving rate is also definitely depends upon the saving motives. This study attempts to find out
the level of saving motive of the investors in Western Maharashtra.

7
10) Ravi Vyas and Suresh Chandra Moonat,(2012) stated that in India a small investor
generally prefer to park his savings in Bank deposits ,which do not provide hedge against
inflation and often have negative returns. The study further express that the lawman investor has
a very limited knowledge of sensitive index and find themselves to be a deviant in the
investment market. They also express the positively of Indian financial market by saying that
they are constantly becoming more efficient providing more promising solutions to the
investors. The study concludes that investors ranked Gold as their first preference, Bank
deposits and FD. are on 2nd preference whereas ranked 9 to the investment in shares, debentures
and commodities. It clears that investors are more concern about the safety of their investments.

11) Palanivelu and Chandrakumar (2013) in their study identified that certain factors like
education level, awareness about the current financial system, age of investors etc., made
significant impact on salaried employees while deciding the investment avenues. They highlight
that certain factors of salaried employees like education level, awareness about the current
financial system, age of investors etc. make significant impact while deciding the investment
avenues.

8
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

1) This study will help us to know the saving and investment behavior of government
employees as well as risk bearing capacity of the government employees regarding their
investments and savings.

2) It will also state the awareness level of the government employees regarding various
investment opportunities which are available in the market such as mutual fund schemes etc.

3) Again, in a government office there is diversification of age among the employees working it
in. Each and every employee has different mind-set to analyse the things differently. So with
this study it will help us to know the decision making criteria for different age group of
employees regarding their Investments and savings.

4) The study will help us to find out the preference of government employees regarding
different investment opportunities.

9
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

For conducting the study more effectively three Objectives are taken into consideration. They
are:

1) To analyze the risk bearing capacity of Government employees regarding their Investments
and Savings;

2) To examine the awareness of the Government employees regarding various opportunities for
Investment and factors considered by them before investing.

3) To study the decision making criteria for different age group of Government employees
regarding their Investments and Savings;

10
1.5 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be

understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. In it we study the
various steps that are generally adopted by the researcher in studying his research problem along
with logic behind them. Methodology of the study mainly contains the research design of the
study, methods of data collection for doing the research, sample design used in the study and
statistical tools used for data collection.

1.5.1 RESEARCH DESIGN:

The formidable problem that follows the task of defining the research problem is the preparation
of a design of the research project, popularly known as research design. The type of research
design that the researcher has adopted is of descriptive nature. The research is made to do a
descriptive study on the savings and investment behaviour of the government employees.

1.5.2 SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION:

The study is based on primary and secondary information relating to the savings and investment
behavior of the government employees.

Primary data: The primary data are those which are collected fresh and for the first time, and
thus happen to be original in character.

Primary data are collected directly from the state government health and education department
employees through questionnaire filled by the employees themselves. The primary data have
been collected purposively relating to the topicof the study

Secondary data: The secondary data are those which have already been collected by someone
else and which have been passed through the statistical process.

11
Secondary data have been collected through sources like published materials, Books, Journals
and internet sources.

1.5.3 UNIVERSE OF THE STUDY:

For the purpose of this study, two state government departments’ employees namely health &
education department are taken into consideration.

1.5.4 SAMPLE SIZE:

This refers to the number of units in the sample drawn from the population. The sample size is
of 100 respondents where 50 respondents from each of the departments are selected
respectively.

1.5.5 SAMPLING UNIT:

For conducting the study effectively and efficiently two State Government departments namely
health and education are selected and from there 50 employees of each office are taken as
Respondents to collect the data.

1.5.6 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:

For selecting the two departments namely health & education Convenience Sampling Technique
has been adopted by the researcher and for selecting the employees for the two departments
Quota Technique has been adopted.

12
1.5.7 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT:
The Research Instrument used for data collection is a well structured questionnaire given to
the respondents.

1.5.8 TECHNIQUE OF DATA ANALYSIS:

The responses of the sample of respondents taken are calculated in percentage.

number of respondents
Formula = × 100
total number of respondents

1.5.9 TECHNIQUE OF DATA REPRESENTATION:

The data collected are represented through tabulation, diagrams and graphs. Tables and charts
are made for better understanding and to get a clear picture. Column charts are made to
represent data in percentage.

13
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study is divided into two parts

1) Geographical area of the Study

2) Periodicity of the Study

1) Geographical area: For conducting the study more effectively and efficiently two state
government department are selected from Boitamari area of Bongaigaon district. They
are;

 Health Department in Boitamari (Model Hospital& PHC HOSPITAL) ,Bongaigaon

783389

 Education Department in Boitamari (High school & Girls school), Bongaigaon 783389

2) Periodicity of the Study: The study was conduct within one month (January 2021)

14
1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

While conducting the study certain limitations were faced, such as:

1) The study is done taking into consideration the employees of only two departments in
Boitamari. Therefore, the end results may not be considered as a representative of the entire
government employees in different offices.

2) Time was the main constraint in the preparation of the project, i.e., the time allotted to collect
the information was insufficient for a large scale study, thus a modest sample size has been
selected.

3) Some of the respondents may be reluctant to respond to the questions and provide certain
information.

4) Correctness of this report is restricted and limited by the degree of authenticity of

information collected.

15
2.1 INVESTMENT AVENUES: AN OVERVIEW

All investments are risky, as the investor parts with his money. An efficient investor with proper
training can reduce the risk and maximize returns. He can avoid pitfalls and protect his interests.
Investment refers to the acquisition of some assets. It also means the conversion of money into
claims on money and use of funds for productive and income earning assets. In essence, it
means the use of funds for productive purposes, for securing some objectives like income
appreciation of capital or capital gains, or for further production of goods and services with the
objective of securing profits. Investment Activity involves the use of funds or savings for further
creation of assets or acquisition of existing assets. Different investment avenues include –
Mutual funds, Shares, Debentures or Bonds, Life insurance, real estate investments etc.

2.1.1 Characteristics of Investment:

A) Return:

Return refers to expected rate of return from an investment. Return is an important characteristic
of investment. Return is the major factor which influences the pattern of investment that is made
by the investor. Investor always prefers high rate of return for his investment.

B) Safety:
Safety refers to the protection of investors’ principal amount and expected rate of return. Safety
is also one of the essential and crucial elements of investment. Investors prefer safety about his
capital. Capital is the certainty of return without loss of money or it will take time to retain it. If
an investor prefers less risk securities, he can choose Government bonds. In case, investor
prefers high rate of return he/she will choose private securities but safety of these securities is
low.

16
C) Liquidity:
Liquidity refers to an investment ready to be converted into cash position. In other words, it is
available immediately in cash form. Liquidity means that investment is easily realizable,
saleable or marketable. When the liquidity is high, then the return may be low. For example, in
UTI units, an investor generally prefers liquidity for his investments, safety of funds through a
minimum risk and maximization of return from an investment .

D) Marketability:
Marketability refers to buying and selling of securities in market. Marketability means
transferability or saleability of an asset. Securities are listed in a stock market which are more
easily marketable than which are not listed. Public limited company shares are more easily
transferable than those of private limited companies.

E) Capital Growth:
Capital growth refers to appreciation of investment. Capital growth has today become an
important character of investment. It is recognizing in connection between corporation and
industry growth and very large capital growth. Investors and their advisers are constantly
seeking growth stock in the right industry and buy at the right time.

F) Stability of Income:
It refers to a constant return from an investment. Another major characteristic feature of the
investment is the stability of income. Stability of income must look for different path just as
security of the principal amount. Every investor considers always the stability of monetary
income and stability of purchasing power of income.

17
2.1.2 Necessity and Importance of Investments:
An investment is an important and useful factor in the context of present day conditions. Some
factors which are important are outlined below:

A) Longer life expectancy or planning for retirement

B) Increasing rates of taxation

C) High interest rates

D) High rate of inflation

E) Larger incomes

A) Longer Life Expectancy:

Investment decisions have become more significant as most people in India retire from the age
of 56 to 60. So that they plan to save their money. Saving by themselves does not increase
wealth, saving must be invested in such a way, that the principal and income will be adequate
for a greater number of retirement years. Longer life expectancy is one of the major reasons for
effective saving and further investment activity that helps for investment decisions.

B) Increasing Rates of Taxation:

When tax rate is increased, it will focus for generating saving by tax payer. When the tax payers
invest their income in provident fund, pension fund, Unit Trust of India, Life Insurance, Unit
Linked Insurance Plan, National Saving Certificates, Development Bonds, Post Office
Cumulative Deposit Schemes etc. it affects the taxable income.

C) Interest Rates:
Interest rate is one of the most important aspects of a sound investment plan. The interest rate
differs from one investment to another. There may be changes between degree of risk and safe
investments. They may also differ due to different benefit schemes offered by the institutions. A

18
High rate of interest may not be the only factor favoring the outlet for investment. Stability of
interest is an important aspect of receiving a high rate of interest.

D) Inflation:
Inflation has become a continuous problem. It affects in terms of rising prices. Several
problems are associated and coupled with a falling standard of living. Therefore, investor’s
careful scrutiny of the inflation will make further investment process delayed. Investor ensures
to check up safety of the principal amount, and security of the investment. Both are crucial from
the point of view of the interest gained from the investments.

E) Income:
Income is another important element of the investment. When government provides jobs to the
unemployed persons in the country, the ultimate result is ensuring of income than saving
the extra income. More income and more avenues of investment have led the working people to
be able and willing to save and invest their funds.

2.1.3 Motives for Savings:

A) To build up a reserve against unforeseen contingencies (the precautionary motive);

B) To provide for an anticipated future relationship between the income and needs of the
individual;

C) To enjoy interest and appreciation;

D) To enjoy a gradually increasing expenditure;

E) To enjoy a sense of independence and the power to do things, without a clear idea, or
definite intention of specific action;

F) To carry out speculative business projects;

19
G) To satisfy pure miserliness;

H) To accumulate deposits to buy cars, house and other durables;

are some of the (reasons) motives which influence the individuals to save a part from their
income.

A number of factors have a bearing on the volume of savings in the economy. The level of
current and expected income, cyclical changes in income, age wise variations in income
distribution of income in the economy, degree of certainty of income, wealth, inflation, desire to
provide for old age, family members, contingencies, thrift, rate of interest, availability of savings
media with preferred investment characteristics and other variables are the relevant factors in
this respect.

The saving motive is very simple and that is to remain prepared for the future. The saving
motive of individuals as well as the institutions is more or less same. There are several savings
plans where an individual can keep a part of his or her money and the money is expected to
grow at a good rate. These activities can be termed as investment and these are different from
savings. There is an element of risk that is always involved with these investment activities and
this risk factor differentiates saving from investment. It is also a saving motive to keep the
money safe and that it can be availed whenever the situation demands so.

20
2.2 Department Of Education - An overview

A Brief History:
Assam was separated from Bengal in 1874 and a new state was formed. With the formation of a
new state a new department of education was set up in same the same year. A director of public
instruction was appointed. Under the directorate of public instruction a new department of
education in Assam was established for educational development in the state of Assam. Before
the separation of Assam from Bengal all the educational activities were conducted under the
Bengal education department.

In later years the education department of Assam had been subcategorized into different sub
establishments on the basis of level of education such as the elementary education department,
secondary education departments and higher education departments etc.

Each department in the education system of Assam was established to enhance the quality of
education by assigning special duty to each of the sub departments. Like elementary education
departments was established to improve the quality of education in elementary level and so on.

21
2.3 Department Of Health Services – An Overview

A Brief History:
In the year 1912, the erstwhile British Government brought the health service in the state of
Assam to an organized state for its proper functioning with a view to extend health service to the
people.

The British Government at the beginning established the health services department on two
wings:

(1) Curative Side

(2) Preventive side.

As the department was placed under the head of the department, the curative side of the health
services was placed under a head of the Department, the nomenclature of the post was
INSPECTOR GENERAL of civil hospitals and prisons [This nomenclature of the post is still
visible in the Fundamental Rule].

Since inception of the post of Inspector General of Civil Hospitals, the prison administration
was under the control of the IGCH.

The preventive side of the Health Service was put under another Head of the Department and the
nomenclature of the post was Director of Public Health.

The two heads of departments as stated above continued to function till 1958.

The activities of the two heads of department have been enumerated below:

The Inspector of General civil Hospital and Prisons was responsible for running of Hospitals at
District and sub-divisional Headquarters of the state. The hospitals covers both outdoor and
indoor services. Some dispensaries for extending outdoor treatment facilities were also
established under the Inspector General Civil Hospitals and prisons.

As for the curative side under the Director of Public Health, only preventive measures were
undertaken on occurrences of epidemic, cholera, kalazar, small-pox, TB Leprosy etc.

22
 REPRESENTATION OF THE DATA COLLECTED FROM THE
EMPLOYEES

In the first stage of data analysis, responses of the employees are taken. Data from the
employees are taken by giving questionnaire. All total 100 respondents are taken into
consideration from two offices (50 from each department) for analysing the data.
no of respondents
Percentage = total number of respondents × 100

TABLE 3.1 –REPRESENTATION OF AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS

Parameter No. of respondents Percentage %

21-30 9 9

31-40 32 32

41-50 45 45

50 & Above 14 14

Total 100 100

Source: Field survey conducted in January 2021

23
Chart 3.1- REPRESENTING THE AGE OF THE RESPONDENTS

50
45
40
35
30
25 No of Respondent

20 Percentage

15
10
5
0
21-30 31-40 41 -50 50 & Above

Source: Table 3.1

INTERPRETATION
From the above table and chart it can be interpreted that employees within the age group of
41-50 is maximum which is 45% and the second highest is for the group 31- 40 which is
32%. And the second lowest is 14% for the age group 50 & above and the second lowest is
for 21-30 which is 9%.
-

24
 TABLE 3.2 - REPRESENTATION OF THE GENDER OF THE
RESPONDENTS

Parameter No. of Respondents Percentage%

Male 71 71

Female 29 29

Total 100 100

Source: Field survey conducted in January 2021

Chart 3.2- REPRESENTATION OF THE GENDER OF THE

RESPONDENTS

Sales

female
29%

male
71%

Source: Table 3.2

INTERPRETATION
From the above data it can be interpreted that the percentage of male employees (which is
71%) is more than that of female employees which is 29%.

25
 TABLE 3.3 - REPRESENTATION OF THE MARITAL STATUS OF
THE RESPONDENTS

Parameter No. of respondents Percentage%

Unmarried 33 33

Married 67 67

Total 100 100

Source: Field survey conducted in January, 2021

CHART 3.3-REPRESENTATION OF THE MARITAL STATUS OF THE

RESPONDENTS

Percentage

unmarried
33%

married
67%

Source: Table 3.3

INTERPRETATION: From the above information we can interpret that maximum no.
of employees out of the total respondents are married which is 67% and only 33% of the
total respondents are unmarried.

26
 TABLE 3.4-REPRESENTATION OF THE FAMILY MEMBERS OF
THE RESPONDENTS

Parameter No. of Respondents Percentage%

1-2 2 2

3-4 50 50

5-6 37 37

7 & above 11 11

Total 100 100

Source: Field survey conducted in January, 2021

CHART 3.4 – REPESENTATION OF THE FAMILY MEMBERS OF

THE RESPONDENTS

60

50

40

30 No of respondents
Percentage
20

10

0
1-2 members 3-4 members 5-6 member 7 & above

Source: Table 3.4

INTERPRETATION: From the above data we can interpret that maximum percentage
i.e. 50% of the respondent have their family members within the range 3-4. This is followed
by 37% having 5-6 members, followed by 11 % having 7 & above no family members and
2% of them having a family member of 1-2 person.
27
 TABLE 3.5 - REPRESENTATION OF THE SALARY RANGE OF THE
RESPONDENTS

Parameter No. of Respondents Percentage%

21000-30000 17 17

31000-40000 26 26

41000-50000 37 37

51000 & above 20 20

Total 100 100

Source: Field survey conducted in January, 2021

CHART 3.5 – REPRESENTATION OF THE SALARY RANGE OF THE

RESPONDENTS

51000 & above

41000-50000

percentage
No of Respondents
31000-40000

21000-30000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Source: Table 3.5

INTERPRETATION:
Here, the maximum percentage of total respondents i.e. 37% lies between the ranges 41000-
50000. The second highest percentage is for the range 31000-40000 that is 26%. And for the
range 21000-30000 and 51000 & above the percentages are 17% and 20% respectively.
28
 TABLE 3.6 - REPRESENTATION OF THE NUMBER OF BANK
ACCOUNTS PREFERRED BY THE RESPONDENTS

Parameter No. of Respondents Percentage %

1-2 accounts 94 94

3-4 accounts 6 6

5-6 accounts 0 0

7 & above 0 0

Total 100 100

Source: Field survey conducted in January, 2021

CHART 3.6 - REPRESENTATION OF THE NUMBER OF BANK

ACCOUNTS PREFERRED BY THE RESPONDENTS

100
90
80
70
60
No of Respondents
50
percentage
40
30
20
10
0
1-2 accounts 3-4 accounts 5-6 accounts 7 & above

Source: Table 3.6

INTERPRETATION:
From the above data we can interpret that the maximum no of respondents i.e. 94% have
bank account within the range 1-2 and it is followed by 6% of respondents who prefer to
have 3-4 accounts. No one have more than 3-4 bank accounts.
29
 TABLE 3.7 - REPRESENTATION OF THE TYPE OF BANK
PREFERRED BY THE RESPONDENTS

Parameter No. of Respondents Percentage %

Private Bank 7 7

Public Bank 83 83

Both 10 10

Total 100 100

Source: Field survey conducted in January, 2021

CHART 3.7 - REPRESENTATION OF THE TYPE OF BANK

PREFERRED BY THE RESPONDENTS

No of respondent
private bank
7%

both
10%

Public bank
83%

Source: Table 3.7

INTERPRETATION:
From the about data we can interpret that 83% of total respondents prefer to have accounts in
the Public Banks whereas only 7% of the total respondents prefer Private Banks and 10% of
the total respondents prefer to have accounts in both public as well as private Banks.

30
TABLE - 3.8 - REPRESENTATION OF THE MONTHLY SAVINGS BY
THE RESPONDENTS

Parameter No. of Respondents Percentage %

1000-5000 8 8

6000-10000 25 25

11000-15000 60 60

16000 & above 7 7

Total 100 100

Source: Field survey conducted in January, 2021

CHART - 3.8 - REPRESENTATION OF THE MONTHLY SAVINGS BY

THE RESPONDENTS

60

50

40

Series 1
30
Series 2

20

10

0
1000-5000 6000-10000 11000-15000 16000 & above

Source: Table 3.8

INTERPRETATION:
From the above data we can interpret that 60% of the respondents monthly saves 11000 to
15000 and 25% out of total respondents saves within the range 6000 to 10000. 8% can save
within the range of 1000-5000 and 7% can afford to save 16000 & above.
31
 TABLE - 3.9 - REPRESENTATION OF THE INVESTMENTS BY
THE RESPONDENTS

Parameter No. of Respondents Percentage %

Fixed Deposits 57 57

Financial securities 13 13

Real estate 3 3

Recurring deposits 27 27

Total 100 100

Source: Field survey conducted in January, 2021

CHART - 3.9 - REPRESENTATION OF THE INVESTMENT BY THE

RESPONDENTS

60

50

40

30 No of respondents
Percentage
20

10

0
Fixed Financial Real estate Recurring
diposites Market deposites

Source: Table 3.9

INTERPRETATION:
From the above data we can interpret that 57% of the respondents prefer to invest in fixed
deposits and it is followed by 27% of the respondents who prefer to invest in recurring
deposits. Only 3% of the respondents prefer to invest in real estate property and 13% prefer
to invest in financial securities.
32
 .TABLE - 3.10 - REPRESENTATION OF MANAGING THE

INVESTMENT OF THE RESPONDENTS

Parameter No. of Respondents Percentage %

Self 56 56
Family members 25 25
Broking houses 13 13
Friends 6 6
Total 100 100
Source: Field survey conducted in January, 2021

TABLE - 3.10 –REPRESENTATION OF INVESTMENT

MANAGEMENT OF THE RESPONDENTS

60

50

40

30 No of Respondents
Percentage
20

10

0
self family broking house friends
members

Source: Table 3.10

INTERPRETATION:
From the above data we can interpret that 56% of the total respondents take investment
decision by their own. It is followed by 25% of respondents who take investment decisions
with consultation of their family members and only 13% goes for broking houses and 6%
prefer to take advice from their friends.

33
 TABLE - 3.11 - REPRESENTATION OF SATISFACTION FROM
THE CURRENT RETURN FROM INVESMTENT OF THE
RESPONDENTS

Parameter No. of Respondents Percentage %

Satisfied 47 47
Highly Satisfied 13 13
Dissatisfied 30 30
Highly Dissatisfied 10 10
Total 100 100
Source: Field survey conducted in January, 2021

CHART -3.11 - REPRESENTATION OF SATISFACTION FROM THE

CURRENT RETURN FROM INVESMTENT OF THE RESPONDENTS

50
45
40
35
30
25 No of Respondent
20 Percentage
15
10
5
0
Satisfied Highly satified Dissatisfied Highly
Dissatisfied

Source: Table 3.11

INTERPRETATION:
From the above data we interpret that 47% of the respondents are satisfied with the current
return from their investments and 13 % of the respondents are highly satisfied. Also 30% of
them are dissatisfied and 10 % of them are extremely dissatisfied with their current returns.
34
TABLE - 3.12 - REPRESENTATION OF THE RISK AND RETURN POLICY
PREFERRED BY THE RESPONDENTS
Parameter No. of Respondents Percentage %

High risk-High return 3 3

Moderate risk-Moderate return 17 17

Low risk-Low return 80 80

Total 100 100

Source: Field survey conducted in January 2021

CHART - 3.12 - REPRESENTATION OF THE RISK AND RETURN

POLICY PREFERRED BY THE RESPONDENTS

Sales
3%

17%
High risk- high return

Moderate risk-Moderate
return
80%
Low risk low return

Source: Table 3.12

INTERPRETATION:
From the above data we can interpret that maximum percentage of the respondents i.e. 80%
of the respondents prefer low risk-low return policy while investing, whereas 17% of the
respondents prefer moderate risk-moderate return policy and only 3% of the respondents go
for high risk-high return policy.

35
TABLE - 3.13 - REPRESENTATION OF DURATION FOR INVESTMENT.

Parameter No. of Respondents Percentage %

1-2 years 15 15

3-4 years 36 36

5-6 years 43 43

7 & more 6 6

Total 100 100

Source: Field survey conducted in January2021

CHART - 3.13 - REPRESENTATION OF DURATION FOR INVESTMENT

45

40

35

30

25
NO of Respondents
20
Percentage
15

10

0
1-2 Years 3-4 Years 5-6 Years 7 & More
Years

Source: Table 3.13

INTERPRETATION: From the above data we can interpret that 15% of them prefer to
invest for 1-2 years, 36% of the respondents prefer to invest for 3-4 years, 43% of them for
5-6 years & only 6% of the respondents prefer to invest for 7 years & more.

36
TABLE - 3.14 - REPRESENTATION OF THE IMPORTANCE OF
LIQUIDITY FACTOR OF INVESTMENT AMONG THE RESPONDENTS

Parameter No. of Respondents Percentage %

Agree 22 22

Highly Agree 75 75

Disagree 3 3

Highly Disagree 0 0

Total 100 100

Source: Field survey conducted in January, 2021

CHART - 3.14 - REPRESENTATION OF THE IMPORTANCE OF

LIQUIDITY FACTOROF INVESTMENT AMONG THE
RESPONDENTS

80
70
60
50
40 No of Respondent
30 Percentage
20
10
0
Agree Highly Disagree Highly
Agree disagree

Source: Table 3.14

INTERPRETATION: From the above data we can interpret that 75% of the
respondents highly agree to have liquidity in their investment and 22% of the respondents
agree on the liquidity and 3% of the respondents disagree on the liquidity of their
investment.

37
 TABLE - 3.15 - REPRESENTATION OF THE FACILITIES OF
MUTUAL FUND THAT THE RESPONDENTS ARE AWARE OF

Parameter No. of Percentage %

Respondents

Systematic Investment plan (SIP) 20 20

Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP) 2 2

Lump Sum 53 53

All the Above 25 25

Total 100 100

Source: Field survey conducted in January, 2021

CHART - 3.15 - REPRESENTATION OF THE FACILITIES OF

MUTUAL FUND THAT THE RESPONDENTS ARE AWARE OF

All of the above

Lump Sum
Percentage
No of respondents
SWP

SIP

0 20 40 60

Source: Table 3.15

INTERPRETATION:
From the above data we can interpret that 53% of the respondents are aware of the lump sum
facility of investing in mutual funds and it is followed by 25% of the respondents who are
aware of all the three main facilities. Only 20% knows about the SIP and 2% knows about
SWP.

38
TABLE – 3.16- REPRESENTATION OF SAVING OR INVESTMENT
PREFERENCE

Parameter No. of Percentage %

Respondents

Savings 59 59

Investment 27 27

Both 14 14

Total 100 100

Source: Field survey conducted in January, 2021

CHART – 3.16- REPRESENTATION OF SAVING OR INVESTMENT

PREFERENCE

60

50

40
No of respondents
30
Percentage
20

10

0
Savings Investments Both

Source: Table 3.16

INTERPRETATION: It was found that 59% of the respondents prefers savings over
investments, 27% prefers investments and 14% of them prefers balance between
savings and investments.
39
TABLE-3.17- REPRESENTATION OF VIEWS ON DIVERSIFICATION

Parameter No. of Percentage %

Respondents

YES 19 19

NO 43 43

NOT SURE 38 38

Total 100 100

Source: Field survey conducted in January, 2021

CHART-3.17- REPRESENTATION OF VIEWS ON DIVERSIFICATION

Not Sure

percentage
No
No of respondants

Yes

0 10 20 30 40 50

Source: Table 3.17

INTERPRETATION: As per the observation 19% of the respondents are ready to

diversify their investments & 43% of them have no interest in diversification and
38% of them is not sure.
40
 4.1 FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

The findings of the study are as follows:

1) It was found that majority of the total respondents’ ages were more than 41. And only
few of the respondents were within the age range of 21 to 30. Second highest is 31 to 40
years of age. It was also found that majority of the respondents are male. And the no of
married respondent are higher than the unmarried respondent.

2) Through the study, it was found that out of the total respondents, majority of the
respondents have family members within 3 to 4. It was also found that with the increase
in the no. of members the savings and investment behaviour of the respondent’s changes.
As with increase in the members the expenses also increase simultaneously which leads
to decrease in the savings and investment.

3) Maximum no. of respondents draws salary more than 41000 per month. It was found that
those who draw more salary have a tendency to save and invest more.

4) It was found that 94 percent of the respondents have 1 to 2 bank accounts and 6% of
them have 3-4 account but none have 5 or more than 5 accounts. It was also found that
majority of the respondents prefer to have an account with the public sector banks rather
than private banks. As because they consider that the public banks are more safe to keep
their money as compared to the private banks. Despite high rate of interest on savings
given by private sector banks and despite giving better service

41
5) It was found that majority of the respondents monthly saving is within the range 11000 to
15000 rupees with 60 percent and 6000-10000 rupees being second highest i.e. 25%.
Those respondents’ whose salary is more than 41000 per month and who have family
members between 1-2 and 3-4 comes under this category.

6) It came to notice that most of the respondents were quite skeptical regarding investing in
different avenues but they prefer more traditional way of saving money and then
investing some amount of the saving in low risk investments or funds.

7) It was found that most of the respondents take investment decisions and manage
investments by their own or with help with their family members. but among the
respondents there are few people who invest with the help of a broker or with a friends
advice..

8) It was found that more or less lots of respondent are satisfied with their investment return
among those respondents there are some highly satisfied ones as well dissatisfied and
extremely dissatisfied ones. Basically it all come downs to how good one can manage
their investments.

9) Most of the employees prefer to hold their savings as investment for 5 to 6 years or 3 to 4
years . They do not like to take the risk of holding their savings more than 7 years and
there some employees that only like to keep their savings locked in investment for very
short period of time i.e. for 1 -2 years.

10) Most of the respondents take liquidity factor as one of the important factors while
investing. However there are few respondents mostly those who go for long term
investment and like to take the advantage of compound interest do not take into account
the liquidity factor.

11) Most of the respondents are aware of the various facilities provided by the mutual fund
companies mainly lump sum and Systematic Investment Plan (SIP). And only few of them
are aware of Systematic Withdrawal Plan (SWP).

12) Most respondents are not interested in diversifying their investment i.e.43% and 38% of
respondent are not sure about diversifying while 19% of them are interested in
diversifying.

42
 4.2 SUGGESTIONS

 Although financial service providers, mutual fund houses are enforcing aggressive
advertisement regarding the availability of investment opportunities but such
awareness among the aged potential investors are lacking behind.
 Governments should encourage their employees to invest in different sectors by
giving some incentives and also to increase awareness of the employees by
organizing some seminar, discussions other investing awareness program.

 Steps should be taken by the financial institutions to make the investors aware of the
benefits of compound interest that they are likely to receive if the investments are
kept for a longer period of time

 The Central government in consultation with Reserve Bank of India (RBI) should
take steps for increasing the interest rates on fixed deposits and recurring deposits so
that many potential investors can invest their savings and find themselves in a safe
position as per their principal amount and returns are concerned.

 The Central government in consultation with Reserve Bank of India (RBI) should
also take effective steps for increasing the interest rate on the savings bank deposits
for the public sector banks. From the past few years the interest rates for the saving
deposits were 4% for the public banks but currently most of the pubic banks offer
interest of 3.5% on the savings deposits.

 Investors should take into account the benefits of the private banks as they normally
give interest more than that of the public banks.

43
 4.3 CONCLUSION

Financial savings and investments play an important role in the development and growth of an
economy as well as personal financial growth and wealth maximization .Different investment
avenues are available to investors. These investments offer variety of opportunities to the
investors, although they carry certain risks.

Many investors do not possess adequate expertise or knowledge to take informed investment
decisions. The present study is undertaken on the basis of a field study to throw light on the
awareness and risk bearing capacity of Government employees regarding various investment
opportunities and the decision making criteria for different age group of Government employees
regarding their Investments and Savings.

It has been found that with the increase in income, the tendency to save and invest rises up.
Most of the middle-aged people prefer to open fixed deposit accounts with public sector banks
as they think that their deposits remain safe there, whereas the young respondents are indifferent
to this view and prefer private sector banks due to higher interest rates. They also consider the
factor of liquidity of their investments as an important issue, for which most of them prefer
somewhat regular income generating investments such as bank deposits and very few go for
investment in mutual funds, stocks, bonds etc.

The investors should be educated more to come out of their risk averse nature and understand
the benefits of other investment opportunities. Mostly Mutual fund houses are enforcing
aggressive advertisements regarding the availability of investment opportunities but such
awareness among the aged potential investors are lacking behind. Steps should be taken by the
financial institutions to make the investors aware of the benefits and opportunities that they are
likely to receive if the investments are kept for a longer period of time.

44
The Central Government in and the Reserve Bank of India can take steps for increasing the
interest rates on fixed deposit and recurring deposit accounts of public sector banks so that many
potential investors can invest their savings and find themselves in a safe position.

Due to time constraint, the researcher could take into account only 2 offices for the purpose of
this survey. So, there is definitely a scope for further study on this topic related to investment
and savings on a broader basis which can be useful for understanding the financial literacy of the
people and help in boosting the overall financial development.

45
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

RESEARCH WORKS:

1) Burghatein S. (2012); International Journal of Social Sciences & Interdisciplinary Research,

May 2012, page 43-54.

2) Chaturwedi M. &Khare S. 2012; Study of saving pattern and investment preference of

individual household in India, International Journal of Research in Commerce and Management
Vol.3 Issue-5 May 2012.

3) Dattatraya T. C. 2012; –A study on saving motives of investors in western Maharashtra-

Journals of commerce and management, November 2012.

4) Das.S.K, 2012. Middle Class Household‘s Investment Behaviour: An Empirical Analysis, A

Journal of Radix International Educational and Research Consortium, September 2012.

5) Jayachandran R. 2006; “A Study on the Behaviour of Household towards Savings and

Investments in Coimbatore District”, Ph. D thesis submitted to Bharathiar University, 2006.

6) Kalavathy S., 2009. “A Study on the Savings and Investment Behaviour of Salaried Person”,
Ph. D Thesis Submitted to Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 2009.

7) Kathuria L.M & Singhania K. 2012; Investment Decision Making: A Gender-Based Study of
Private Sector Bank Employees. The IUP Journal of Behavioral Finance, page 45-56.
8) Palanivelu, V.R. & Chandrakumar, K. A Study on Preferred Investment Avenues among
Salaried Peoples with Reference to Namakkal Taluk, Tamil Nadu, India, International
Conference on Business, Economics, ICFAI University Journal of Applied Finance, page 14-
22.

9) Singh, A. 1979; A Study of Certain Aspects of Household Savings Behaviour in New Delhi,
Journal of Marketing, 1979, page 87-91.

10) Stephan, A and Dr. Selvi. 2009; ”Investors Attitude towards Investment Avenues”
International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations page (717-722), Month: April
2015 - September 2015.

11) Vyas R. and Chandra Suresh M. 2012; Indian Journal of Finance-August2012, Perception
And Behaviour Of Mutual Fund Investors In Indore, Madhya Pradesh, Page36.

WEBSITES :

https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-savings-and-investment.html

http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/economics/the-relationship-between-saving-and-investment-
explained-with-diagram/37762

https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/wealth/save

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/256038433_A_Study_of_Saving_and_Investment_Be
haviour_of_Individual_Households_-_An_Empirical_Evidence_from_Orissa
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https://www.ndtv.com/business/savings-and-investments
 QUESTIONNAIRE

Respected Madam,

With due respect and humble submission I beg to state that I (Apurba Sarkar)
am a student of M.COM 3rd Semester studying in KC DAS Commerce College under Gauhati
University and I am conducting a survey on “A STUDY ON THE SAVINGS AND INVESTMENT
BEHAVIOUR OF GOVERNMENT IN BOITAMARI AREA OF BONGAIGAON DISTRICT”, in
partial fulfillment of my M.COM degree.

So, I request you to kindly spare some time and extend your humble co-
operation for making this survey a successful one. I assure you that the information
collected will be kept confidential and will be used only for academic purpose.

GENERAL INFORMATION:
1 Name of the Respondent:

2) Age:

21-30 31-40 41-50 50 & above

3) Gender:

Male

Female

4) Marital Status :

Single

Married

5) Family members:

1-2 3-4 5-6 7 and above

PROJECT RELATED INFORMATION:
6) Salary Range:

21000-30000 31000-40000 41000-50000 51000 & above

7) No. Of Bank accounts :

1-2 3-4 5-6 7& above

8) Which bank do you prefer the most to keep your money?

Private Banks Public Banks Both

9) How much do you likely to save every month?

1000-5000 6000-10000 11000-15000 1 6000 & above

10) How do you prefer to invest the savings?

Fixed deposits Financial market

(shares, bonds etc.)
Real estate property Recurring bank deposits

11) How do you manage your investment?

Alone Family members

Broking houses Friends

12) Are you satisfied with the return from your investment?

Satisfied Highly satisfied

Dissatisfied Highly dissatisfied

13) Which among the following policy do you prefer more while investing your money?

High risk - High return

Moderate risk – Moderate return

Low risk – Low return

14) How long do you prefer to put your money on investment?

1-2 years 3-4 years

5-6 years 7 years & above

15) Do you agree that liquidity factor is one of the most important factor while taking
investment decision?

Agree Highly Agree

Disagree Highly Disagree

16) What are the following investment facilities/ opportunities provided by the mutual fund
companies that you are well aware of?

Systematic investment plan (SIP)

Systematic withdrawal plan (SWP)

Lump sum investment

All the above

17) what do you prefer more -

Savings investment Both

18) Do you like to diversify your investment?

Yes no Not sure

19) Any other comments or suggestion you would like to provide ………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
 CHAPTER 2
OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY
 CHAPTER 3
DATA ANALYSIS AND
INTERPRETATION
 CHAPTER 4
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS
AND CONCLUSION