Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Chapter Tests A59

Chapter 6 Section 6.4, page 314

Section 6.1, page 278 1. (a) and (d). 3. (a) and (d). 5. (c).

1. Closed under ; not closed under O.

not closed under O.
7. (a) (2, 1, 3) ;(1, 1, 1)+ ;(1,2,3) (0, 1.0)
= -

3. Not closed under ; 9. (a) Forms a basis, 512 - 31 +8 = 5(2 +1) - 8(t - 1).
13. Vector space.
11. Possible answer: {vi, V2); dim W = 2.
15. Not a vector space; (B) and (d) do not hold.
13. Possible answer: {3 +12 -

21 +1, 2+1}; dim W = 2.

17. Vector space.

Section 6.2, page 287

1. Yes. Properties (a) and (b) of Theorem 3.3 are satisfied. 0
1
3. No. A scalar multiple of a vector in W may not lie in W.
dim M23 = 6; dim Mmn= mn.
5. (b). 7. (b) and (c).
17. (a) Possible answer: {(1, 1, 0), (0, 1, 1)}.
9. (a) and (c). 17. (c).
(b) Possible answer: {(1, 1,0), (0, 0, 1)}.
19. (b). 21. (a), (b), (c), and (d).
(c) Possible answer: {(1,0, 2), (0, 1, 1)).
23. (b).
(b) No. (c) No. (d) No. 19. (a) 3. (b) 2.
25. (a) No.
21. f 2 1,t - 1).
27. (a) No. (b) No. (c) No. (d) Yes.
29. Yes. 23. (a) 2. (b) 1. (c) 2. (d) 2.

31. No, since the sum of two vectors from W will have second 25. (a) 4. (b) 3. (c) 3. (d) 4
entry 0.
27. 2.

33. Yes; observe that 29. Possible answer:

(1,0,1,0), (0, 1, -1, 0), (1, 0, 0, 0), (0, 0,0, 1)}.

ML.3. (a) No. (b) Yes. 1

ML.5. (a) Ovi + V2 VaV4V.
(b) pi() +2p2(t) +2ps(t) = p(t).

ML.7. (a) Yes. (b) Yes. (c) Yes. 0 0 0

Section 6.3, page 301

33. The set of all vectors of the form
1. (a). (c), and (d). 3. (a) and (d). and d real
(a, a +2b, -2a +b, a 2b), where
-

a, b, c, are

numbers.

5. No. 7. 35. Possible answer: {(3, 2, 0), (-2, 0, 1)).

37. Yes. 39. No.
9. Yes.
ML.1. Basis.
11. (a) (4, 6, 8, 6) = 3(1, 1,2, 1) + (1,0, 0, 2) +(0, 3, 2, 1).
ML.3. Basis.
(b) (-2,4, -6, 2) = -2(1, -2, 3, -1).
(d) (6, 5, -5, 1) = 2(4,2, -1, 3) (2,-1,3, 5). ML.5. Basis.

13. (b) and (c) ML.7. dim (span S) = 3, span S # R°.

are linearly independent, (a) isnearly
dependent. ML.9. dim (span S) = 3, span S = P2.

ML.11. (r3 - t + 1,r+2,t, 1}.

15. c= 1.
17. Yes. Section 6.5, page 327
19. No. 21. No.
ML.1. (a) Linearly dependent.
(b) Linearly independent. 1. (a) x = where r and s are any real numbers.
(c) Linearly independent.
 Exercises and Chapter Tests
A60 Answers to Odd-Numbered

is a basis. Dimension of solution

(b) x = r 25.

space= 2.
(c)
where b is any bit.
Xp
i
27. oh

ML.1

dimension = 2.

ML.3.

IL
dimension = 1. real number.
5. ML.5. x=F where is any nonzero

Section 6.6, page 337

1,0), (0,0, 1))
dimension = 2.
1. Possible answer: {(1,0,0), (0,
7. 0 ;

3. Possible answer:

2.
5. (a) {(1, 0, -1), (0, 1, 0)).
| 0 ; dimension
=

9. (b) {(1,2, -1), (1,9, -1)).

(b)
17. = 3 or -4.

0 1
19. = 0 or 1.
9. Basis for row space of A {[1 =

Basis for côlumn space of A =

where r is añy real number. 0 2].

21. Xp ,X Basis for row space of A? {[1 =

Basis for column space of A'

=

t h e

spaceot
23. is a basis. Dimension of solution space = 1. A basis for the column space of A' Consi
transposes of a corresponding
asis for the
 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Chapter Tests A61
A. Similarly, a basis for the row space of A" consists of
(d) Same as (c).
the transposes of a corresponding basis for the column
space of A.
11. Row rank = column rank ==3.
(e) -
13. Rank A = 2, nullity A = 2.

15. Rank A =3, nullity A = 0. (f) Same as (a).

17. Rank A = 2, nullity A = 1.

23. Singular
25. Nonsingular.
17. (), =|:w.=2
27. Has a unique solution.
29. Linearly dependent. 0
31. Nontrivial solution.
(6)
33. Has a solution.
35. Has no solution.
37. 2. 39. 4.

ML.3. (a) (b)

ML.5. (a) Consistent. (b) Inconsistent. (d) Same as (c).

(c) Inconsistent. O 2

Section 6.7, page 349 (e) 00

2
(f Same as (a).
5.
L 19.51
9. 4t 3 .

23.

9 ,- , - ML.1.

(d) Same as (). () 0.5000 L.00007

-0.5000 0.5000
(f) Same as (a). ML.3. (a) (b) 0.3333

15. (a) [ ] =
L-0.5000
0.50007
0.1667
2 1
(c)-0.3333
L-1.5000J
(b)
-
Lo -0.5000 - 1.0000 -0.5000
-0.5000 0 1.5000

( - -[ 8 ML.5. 1.0000 -1.0000

0
1.0000
1.0000
A62 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Chapter Tests

1.0000 -1.6667 2.3333 Section 6.9, page 369

ML.7. (a) 1.0000 0.6667 -1.3333
1.3333 -0.6667
1. v =
(2, 2, 0) =(1,2, 1) +(,0, -), where (1, 2, 1
is in W and (1,0, -1) = u is in W
0
(6) -1 -1
3. (a) [(. 1,0).(-.0.1)
0 -1 (b) The set of all points P(x, y, z) such that
2x 3y +z 0. W is the plane whose
=
-2 4 normal isSw
(c) (d) QP.
-1 2

5.

Section 6.8, page 359

1. (b). 3. a = 5.

s.((0)-(G)
7. Basis for null space of A:
7.
( .0. ).( 0,.0,0, 1.0
9. (a) I(1. 2), (-4, 2)).

(6 1 ( ) ( ) Basis
for row space of A: {(1,0, , 3).
11. - ) .G.-).(G.33)1 (O. 1,-3.3)
13.
Possible answer:( 0,0). 0.
Basis for null space of A:
0
15.
(0,0). 0. )
)}
17.
1(0.0).( 0. Basis for column space of A

9. (a) .-)

(b)--3.5-3)
(c) T033 )
21.
(0.à)--0.
(2.-3, 1).
)-30,10 11. w =
(1,0,2,3), u =
(0,0,0,0). 13. 2.

0.7071 0.7071
ML.1. |-0.7071
0 L1.0000||
ML.1. (a) (b)

-1.4142 0 2.4286
ML.3. (a) 1.4142 b) 1.4142 ML.3. (a) 3.9341
1.0000 1.0000 L7.9011
0.7071
(c) 0.7071 (b)/2.4286 -2)2
+(3.9341-4)2 + (7.9011 8)
L-1.0000 0.4448.
 Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Chapter Tests A63

o.8571
0.5714
ML.5. p =
| 1.4286 37. Basis for nul space of A .
0.8571
LO.8571
Basis for row space of
Supplementary Exercises, page 372 A= {(1,0,0, H). (0. 1.0,-). (0.0, 1, -)}
1. No. 3. No.
There is no basis for the null space of A', since the null
5. Linearly dependent; possible answer: space of A = {0).
-f -3 (22+31 +1)-202 +21 +2).
Basis for the column space of A = {
7. Possible answer: {(1,0, 1,0), (1, 1, -1, 1)};
dimension is 2.
374
Chapter Test, page
1. Yes.
9. Possible answer:
-1 0
0
2. Possible answer:
dimension is 3. o
13. a = 1. o L
11. t2. 4. A = 3 .
0. 3. Yes
17. (a) m arbitrary and b = 0. (6) r =

5. Possible answer:
21. (b) k =0. 23. 3

27. (a [v,=
-6
11
8
(d) F. (e) T.
(c) Ps-T 0 1-1. (d) Sameas(b). 6. (a) T. (b) E. (c) F
T.
-2 4
E (g) T. (h) F. ) E. )

(e) Qr-s =-1

2-2- Chapter 7
-i Section 7.1, page 378
() Same as (a). 0.7071
0.7071
29. a = b = 0. 1. Q= -0.7071 0.7071
31. (a) One such basis is
1.4142 0.7071
R 0 3.5355

|0
6 21
(6) One such basis is
3. 21

255 0.4082 0.8729-0.2673

0.8165-0.2182 0.5345
33. Possible answer, -0.4082 0.4364 0.8018

R = 21

2.4495 -3.2660 0.4082

35. (a) Possibleanswer: {(-1,0, 1)). 0 1.5275 0.2182
(c) i) w= (.0.),u =(.0,-). 0
5.0780
(2, 2, 2), u =(-1,0, 1).
(i) w=