Aeronautical Engineering

INHOLLAND University of Applied Sciences

Study phase: AE1 Aerodynamics 1 trial exam

Total points: 24

Problem 1 (6 points)

A1

V1

h

V2

A2

In the figure above part of a water pipe line is drawn (not on scale). In cross section A2 water
exits the tube with a velocity V2 = 10 m/s.
Also given:
cross section A2 = 0,1 A1, height difference h = 5 m,
water density water = 1000 kg/m3 g = 9,81 m/s2.

a. Under which four conditions is it allowed to use Bernoulli’s equation in its form:
p + ½ V2 + gh = constant
b. Under which two conditions is it allowed to use the continuity equation in its form:
VA = constant
c. Calculate:
 The static pressure difference between cross section A1 and A2
 The dynamic pressure q1 in cross section A1

Problem 2 (6 points)

An airplane is in a steady descending flight, for which the following conditions are known:
the velocity V∞ = 80 m/s, the (constant) air density  = 0.9 kg/m3, angle of descend  =
10. Also known: aircraft weight W = 10000 N, Thrust T = 300 N, wing span b = 12 m, wing
area S = 25 m2 , Oswald factor e = 0.8.

Questions:
a. Draw the vector figure representing the forces that act on the airplane.
Use scale: 1cm = 2000 N
Using this vector figure, calculate:
b. the lift coefficient CL.
c. the drag coefficient CD.

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 Aeronautical Engineering
INHOLLAND University of Applied Sciences

d. the induced drag coefficient CDi.

Problem 3 (6 points)

V∞= 200 m/s

Vj= 375 m/s

Vb

In the figure above a “bypass" jet engine in cruise conditions is given. We assume that the
velocity of the air entering the engine is equal to the flight speed V∞ = 200 m/s.
The velocity of the air exiting the engine bypass Vb = 300 m/s and the velocity of the air
exiting the engine jet Vj = 375 m/s.
Also known:
Bypass: Area Ab = 0.589 m2 and density b = 0.98 kg/m3
“Jet”: Area Aj = 0.196 m2 and density j = 1.02 kg/m3

The pressure in the inlet and exit area is atmospheric (patm). The pressure of the air sur-
rounding the engine is also atmospheric. You may neglect the fuel mass flow.

a. Draw a control volume with all forces acting on it.

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 Aeronautical Engineering
INHOLLAND University of Applied Sciences

Problem 4 (6 points)

In a water feed system, four tubes are connected to each other by a splitter duct. Through
area A1 water flows into the duct, which separates the flow into three parts. The flow exits
the duct through areas A2, A3 and A4.

The control volume, with all external forces (in bold) acting on it, is given below. The pres-
sure of the air surrounding the duct is atmospheric.

Given:
 water density  = 1000 kg/m3
 atmospheric pressure patm = 1.0 x 105 N/m2

inlet
 area A1 = 0.01 m2
 velocity V1 = 6 m/s
 pressure p1 = 2·105 N/m2

outlets
 area A2 = A3 = A4 = 0.002 m2
 velocity V2 = V3 = V4 = 10 m/s
 pressure p2 = p3 = 1.5·105 N/m2
 pressure p4 = 1.8·105 N/m2

Question
Calculate the x- and y-components of the force (Fduct) that is required to keep the duct in
place. Use the momentum equation.

V3

patm p3 patm
A3

patm patm y
+
Fduct, y
x
A1
A4
p1 p4
V1 Fduct, x V4

patm patm
30°

patm p2
A2 patm
V2

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