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Ch-13 Maths Notes

The document discusses the definitions and formulas for calculating the surface areas and volumes of various geometric solids. It defines plane figures as those that can be drawn on a plane, and solid figures as three-dimensional shapes that occupy space. Surface area is the total area of all faces of a solid, while volume is the space occupied by the solid. Formulas are provided to calculate surface areas and volumes of cubes, cuboids, cylinders, cones, spheres, and hemispheres by using variables like length, width, height, radius, and diameter. Examples demonstrate using the formulas to solve surface area and volume problems.

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47 views

Ch-13 Maths Notes

The document discusses the definitions and formulas for calculating the surface areas and volumes of various geometric solids. It defines plane figures as those that can be drawn on a plane, and solid figures as three-dimensional shapes that occupy space. Surface area is the total area of all faces of a solid, while volume is the space occupied by the solid. Formulas are provided to calculate surface areas and volumes of cubes, cuboids, cylinders, cones, spheres, and hemispheres by using variables like length, width, height, radius, and diameter. Examples demonstrate using the formulas to solve surface area and volume problems.

Uploaded by

Jsjn N
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Ch-13 Maths Notes

Plane figure
The figures which we can draw on a piece of paper or which lie on a plane are called Plane
Figures. Example - Circle, Square, Rectangle etc.
Solid figures
The 3D shapes which occupy some space are called Solid Figures. Example - Cube, Cuboid,
Sphere etc.
Volume
Space occupied by any solid shape is the capacity or volume of that figure. The unit of volume is
a cubic unit.
Surface Area
The area of all the faces of the solid shape is the total surface area of that figure. The unit of
surface area is a square unit.
Lateral or Curved Surface Area
The surface area of the solid shape after leaving the top and bottom face of the figure is called
the lateral surface of the shape. The unit of lateral surface area is a square unit.
Surface Area and Volume of a Cube
Cube is a solid shape having 6 equal square faces.

Lateral surface area of a cube 4l2


Total surface area of a cube 6l2
The volume of a cube l3
Diagonal √3 l,  l = edge of the cube
Example
What is the capacity of a cubical vessel having each side of 8 cm?
Solution
Given side = 8 cm
So, Volume of the cubical vessel = l3
= (8)3 = 256 cm3.
Surface Area and volume of a Cuboid
Cuboid is a solid shape having 6 rectangular faces at a right angle.

Lateral surface area of a cuboid 2h(l + b)


Total surface area of a cuboid 2(lb + bh + lh)
Volume of a cuboid lbh
Diagonal
l = length, b = breadth, h = height
Example
What is the surface area of a cereal box whose length, breadth and height is 20 cm, 8 cm and 30
cm respectively?

Solution
Given,
Length = 20 cm
Breadth = 8 cm
Height = 30 cm
Total surface area of the cereal box = 2(lb + bh + lh)
= 2(20 × 8 + 8 × 30 + 20 × 30)
= 2(160 + 240 + 600)
= 2(1000) = 2000 cm2.
Surface Area and Volume of a Right Circular Cylinder
If we fold a rectangular sheet with one side as its axis then it forms a cylinder. It is the curved
surface of the cylinder. And if this curved surface is covered by two parallel circular bases then it
forms a right circular cylinder.

Curved surface area of a Right 2πrh


circular cylinder
Total surface area of a Right 2πr2 + 2πrh = 2πr(r + h)
circular cylinder
The volume of a Right circular πr2
cylinder
r = radius, h = height
Surface Area and Volume of a Hollow Right Circular Cylinder
If a right circular cylinder is hollow from inside then it has different curved surface and volume.
Curved surface area of a Right 2πh (R + r)
circular cylinder
Total surface area of a Right 2πh (R + r) + 2π(R2 - r2)
circular cylinder
R = outer radius, r = inner radius
Example
Find the Total surface area of a hollow cylinder whose length is 22 cm and the external radius is
7 cm with 1 cm thickness. (π = 22/7)
Solution
Given, h = 22 cm
R = 7 cm
 r = 6 cm (thickness of the wall is 1 cm)
Total surface area of a hollow cylinder = 2πh(R + r) + 2π(R2 - r2)     
= 2(π) (22) (7+6) + 2(π)(72 - 62) 
= 572 π + 26 π = 598 π
= 1878.67 cm2
Surface Area and Volume of a Right Circular Cone
If we revolve a right-angled triangle about one of its sides by taking other as its axis then the
solid shape formed is known as a Right Circular Cone.

Curved surface area of a Right


Circular Cone
Total surface area of a Right πr2 + πrl = πr(r + l)
Circular Cone
The volume of Right Circular Cone (1/3) πr2h
r = radius, h = height, l = slant
height
Surface Area and Volume of a Sphere
A sphere is a solid shape which is completely round like a ball. It has the same curved and total
surface area.

Curved or Lateral surface area of 4πr2


a Sphere
Total surface area of a Sphere 4πr2
Volume of a Sphere (4/3) πr3
R = radius
Surface Area and Volume of a Hemisphere
If we cut the sphere in two parts then is said to be a hemisphere.

Curved or Lateral surface area of 2πr2


a Sphere
Total surface area of a Sphere 3πr2
Volume of a Sphere (2/3) πr3
r = radius
Example
If we have a metal piece of cone shape with volume 523.33 cm3 and we mould it in a sphere then
what will be the surface area of that sphere?
Solution
Given, volume of cone = 523.33 cm3
Volume of cone = Volume of Sphere
Volume of sphere = 100 π cm3

125 = r3
r=5
Surface area of a sphere = 4πr2

= 314.28 cm2.

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