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Assignment 7 2023

This document discusses diffusion concepts like self-diffusion vs interdiffusion, interstitial vs vacancy mechanisms, steady state diffusion, and driving force. It provides example problems calculating diffusion coefficients and concentrations at various positions and times based on given temperature, thickness, initial concentrations, and diffusion coefficients. Diffusion coefficients are determined from data provided in tables for different elements in materials at different temperatures.

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Linhan Chu
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35 views2 pages

Assignment 7 2023

This document discusses diffusion concepts like self-diffusion vs interdiffusion, interstitial vs vacancy mechanisms, steady state diffusion, and driving force. It provides example problems calculating diffusion coefficients and concentrations at various positions and times based on given temperature, thickness, initial concentrations, and diffusion coefficients. Diffusion coefficients are determined from data provided in tables for different elements in materials at different temperatures.

Uploaded by

Linhan Chu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5.1 Briefly explain the difference between self-diffusion and interdiffusion.

5.2 Self-diffusion involves the motion of atoms that are all of the same type; therefore, it is not subject to
observation by compositional changes, as with interdiffusion. Suggest one way in which self-diffusion may be
monitored.
5.3 (a) Compare interstitial and vacancy atomic mechanisms for diffusion.
(b) Cite two reasons why interstitial diffusion is normally more rapid than vacancy diffusion.
5.6 Briefly explain the concept of steady state as it applies to diffusion.
5.7 (a) Briefly explain the concept of a driving force.
(b) What is the driving force for steady-state diffusion?
5.8 The purification of hydrogen gas by diffusion through a palladium sheet was discussed in Section 5.3.
Compute the number of kilograms of hydrogen that pass per hour through a 6-mm thick sheet of palladium having an
area of 0.25 m2 at 600°C. Assume a diffusion coefficient of 1.7 × 10–8 m2/s, that the respective concentrations at the
high- and low-pressure sides of the plate are 2.0 and 0.4 kg of hydrogen per cubic meter of palladium, and that steady-
state conditions have been attained.
5.9 A sheet of steel 5-mm thick has nitrogen atmospheres on both sides at 900°C and is permitted to achieve
a steady-state diffusion condition. The diffusion coefficient for nitrogen in steel at this temperature is 1.85 × 10–10
m2/s, and the diffusion flux is found to be 1.0 × 10–7 kg/m2 . s. Also, it is known that the concentration of nitrogen in
the steel at the high-pressure surface is 2 kg/m3. How far into the sheet from this high-pressure side will the
concentration be 0.5 kg/m3? Assume a linear concentration profile.
5.10 A sheet of BCC iron 2-mm thick was exposed to a carburizing gas atmosphere on one side and a
decarburizing atmosphere on the other side at 675°C. After reaching steady state, the iron was quickly cooled to
room temperature. The carbon concentrations at the two surfaces of the sheet were determined to be 0.015 and 0.0068
wt%, respectively. Compute the diffusion coefficient if the diffusion flux is 7.36 × 10–9 kg/m2.s. Hint: Use Equation
4.9 to convert the concentrations from weight percent to kilograms of carbon per cubic meter of iron.
5.13 Determine the carburizing time necessary to achieve a carbon concentration of 0.30 wt% at a position
4 mm into an iron–carbon alloy that initially contains 0.10 wt% C. The surface concentration is to be maintained at
0.90 wt% C, and the treatment is to be conducted at 1100°C. Use the diffusion data for γ-Fe in Table 5.2.
5.14 An FCC iron–carbon alloy initially containing 0.55 wt% C is exposed to an oxygen-rich and virtually
carbon-free atmosphere at 1325 K (1052°C). Under these circumstances the carbon diffuses from the alloy and reacts
at the surface with the oxygen in the atmosphere—that is, the carbon concentration at the surface position is
maintained essentially at 0 wt% C. (This process of carbon depletion is termed decarburization.) At what position
will the carbon concentration be 0.25 wt% after a 10-h treatment? The value of D at 1325 K is 3.3 × 10–11 m2/s.
5.15 Nitrogen from a gaseous phase is to be diffused into pure iron at 675°C. If the surface concentration is
maintained at 0.2 wt% N, what will be the concentration 2 mm from the surface after 25 h? The diffusion coefficient
for nitrogen in iron at 675°C is 2.8 × 10–11 m2/s.
5.21 Using the data in Table 5.2, compute the value of D for the diffusion of magnesium in aluminum at
400°C.
5.22 Using the data in Table 5.2 compute the value of D for the diffusion of nitrogen in FCC iron at 950°C.
5.23 At what temperature will the diffusion coefficient for the diffusion of zinc in copper have a value of 2.6
–16
× 10 m2/s? Use the diffusion data in Table 5.2.
5.28 The diffusion coefficients for carbon in nickel are given at two temperatures are as follows:

T (°C) D (m2/s)
600 5.5 × 10–14
700 3.9 × 10–13

(a) Determine the values of D0 and Qd.


(b) What is the magnitude of D at 850°C?

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