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Assignment 5 2023

The document contains multiple questions about materials properties including calculating vacancy fractions and numbers, determining alloy compositions by weight and atom percent, and calculating grain sizes based on number of grains per square inch at different magnifications.

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Linhan Chu
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76 views

Assignment 5 2023

The document contains multiple questions about materials properties including calculating vacancy fractions and numbers, determining alloy compositions by weight and atom percent, and calculating grain sizes based on number of grains per square inch at different magnifications.

Uploaded by

Linhan Chu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4.1 The equilibrium fraction of lattice sites that are vacant in silver (Ag) at 700°C is 2 × 10−6.

Calculate
the number of vacancies (per meter cubed) at 700°C. Assume a density of 10.35 g/cm3 for Ag.
4.2 For some hypothetical metal, the equilibrium number of vacancies at 900°C is 2.3 × 1025 m−3. If the
density and atomic weight of this metal are 7.40 g/cm3 and 85.5 g/mol, respectively, calculate the fraction of vacancies
for this metal at 900°C.
4.3 (a) Calculate the fraction of atom sites that are vacant for copper (Cu) at its melting temperature of
1084°C (1357 K). Assume an energy for vacancy formation of 0.90 eV/atom.
(b) Repeat this calculation at room temperature (298 K).
(c) What is ratio of Nv /N(1357 K) and Nv /N(298 K)?

4.4 Calculate the number of vacancies per cubic meter in gold (Au) at 900°C. The energy for vacancy
formation is 0.98 eV/atom. Furthermore, the density and atomic weight for Au are 18.63 g/cm3 (at 900°C) and 196.9
g/mol, respectively.
4.5 Calculate the energy for vacancy formation in nickel (Ni), given that the equilibrium number of vacancies
at 850°C (1123 K) is 4.7 × 1022 m–3. The atomic weight and density (at 850°C) for Ni are, respectively, 58.69 g/mol
and 8.80 g/cm3.
4.6 Atomic radius, crystal structure, electronegativity, and the most common valence are given in the
following table for several elements; for those that are nonmetals, only atomic radii are indicated.
Element Atomic Radius (nm) Crystal Structure Electronegativity Valence
Ni 0.1246 FCC 1.8 +2
C 0.071
H 0.046
O 0.060
Ag 0.1445 FCC 1.4 +1
Al 0.1431 FCC 1.5 +3
Co 0.1253 HCP 1.7 +2
Cr 0.1249 BCC 1.6 +3
Fe 0.1241 BCC 1.7 +2
Pt 0.1387 FCC 1.5 +2
Zn 0.1332 HCP 1.7 +2

Which of these elements would you expect to form the following with nickel:
(a) A substitutional solid solution having complete solubility
(b) A substitutional solid solution of incomplete solubility
(c) An interstitial solid solution
4.7 Which of the following systems (i.e., pair of metals) would you expect to exhibit complete solid solubility?
Explain your answers.
(a) Cr-V
(b) Mg-Zn
(c) Al-Zr
(d) Ag-Au
(e) Pb-Pt
4.12 Derive the following equations:
(a) Equation 4.7a
(b) Equation 4.9a
(c) Equation 4.10a
(d) Equation 4.11b
4.13 What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that consists of 92.5 wt% Ag and 7.5 wt% Cu?
4.14 What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that consists of 5.5 wt% Pb and 94.5 wt% Sn?
4.17 What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that contains 33 g of copper and 47 g of zinc?
4.47 For an ASTM grain size of 6, approximately how many grains would there be per square inch under
each of the following conditions?
(a) At a magnification of 100×
(b) Without any magnification?
4.48 Determine the ASTM grain size number if 30 grains per square inch are measured at a magnification
of 250×.
4.49 Determine the ASTM grain size number if 25 grains per square inch are measured at a magnification
of 75×.

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