obability : Unit VI - Probability gr ql 50% from agency X, 30% from ageney Y and 20% From past experience, it is known that before renting, 12% of cars from agen the cars from agency Z need a serv Assume that the rental car delivered to the For the information given above, answer th The members ofa co Agency X Agency Y Agency Z from agency 9% of the cars from agency X need a service and tuning cy Y need a service and tuning before renting and 10% of ¢ and (uning before renting. firm needs service and tuning, he following Find the probability that the rs need service and tuning, if it came from agency Y. Find the probability that the cars need service and tuning, if it came from agency Z. What is the probability that the car needs service and tuning? Ifthe rental car delivered to the firm need service and tuning, then find the probability that agency X is to be blamed, Ifthe rental car delivered to the firm need service an id tuning, then find the probability that agency Z is not to be blamed. Q02. A manufacturer has three machines operators A, B and C. The first operator A produces 1% of defective items, whereas the other two operators B and C produce 5% and 7% defective items respectively. A is on the job for 50% of the time, B on the job 30% of the time and C on the job for 20% of the time. All the items are put into one stockpile and then one item is chosen at random from this and is found to be defective. 0} (i) (iii) (iv) wv) For the information given above, answer the following : Find the probability that the defective item is selected, if it is produced by operator A. Let x denote “the probability that the defective item is selected, if it is produced by operator B’ and y denote ‘the probability that the defective item is selected, if it is produced by operator C”. Then, write the value of x+y What is the probability that the chosen item is defect Ifthe selected item is defective then, what is the probability that it was produced by A? Ifthe selected item is defective then, what is the probability that itis not produced by the operator B? e? Q3. The reliability of a HIV test is specified as follows : Of people having HIV. 90% of the tests detect the Pd disease but 10% go undetected. ~~ wy Of people free of HIV, 99% of the test are judged HIV negative but 1% are diagnosed as showing HIV positive. From a large population of which only 0.1% have Monjgq HIV. one person is selected at random, given the HIV Coreg test. and the pathologist reports him/her as HIV oY tea om nasitive.Q04 Q05. following + Based on the above information, answer the ‘fiat Based on the above inform: tested as HIV positive” given that sje, este is (i) What is the probability of the ‘person to be actually having HIV"? (ii) What is the probability of the ‘person to be teste actually not having HIV"? errr (ii) What is the probability that dhe “person is actually not having (W'2 | (iv) What is the probability that the “person is actually having given that *he js te, HIV positive’? “1 diapnosed « (8) What is the probability that the ‘person selected will be diagnosed as HIV positiyy-y ‘\ convent school proposes to test its class XH students in Maths, using an objective tes (yey type) as pre-board examination. as TIIV positive’ given that vw. The H.0.D. Mathematics of school, “Y-Mr Raghav Nath predicts the following based on monthly unit tests : In answering a question on a multiple choice test for class XII, a student either knows the answer oF guesse: a 2 Ie seem that = is the probability that the student knows the answer and = is the probabiiy 5 5 that he guesses. : : al A student who guesses atthe answer will be correct with probability = Let E,, E, and E be the events that the student knows the answer, guesses the answer and answers correctly respectively. Based on the above information, answer the following : (i) What is the value of P(E, (ii) Find the value of P(E | E:). Write the value of > P(E] E, )P(E, ) (iv) Write the value of Y° P(E, ) (x) What is the probabi correctly? y that the student knows the answer given that he answered it Asa normal practice, once the school education is over, students have to take admission in the coll her education. ADMISSIONS OFFICE sted06. v7. Let X denotes the no. of colleges where you will apply afier your results and P(X =x) denotes your probability of getting admission in x number of colleges. It is given that P(X =x)= k(S-x), if x=3 or 4 ; here k is a positive constant. Oi x>4 Based on the above information answer the following : i) Determine the value of k Gi) Find the probability that you will get admission in exactly one college. (iii) Find the probability that you will get admission in at most two colleges, (iv) What is the probability that you will get admission in at least 2 colleges? (») What is the probability that you will get admission in more than 4 colleges? Meghna has two boxes I and II. Box I contains 3 red and 6 black balls. Box II contains 5 red and ‘n’ black balls. One of the two boxes, box | and box I is selected by her friend Radha at random, and then Radha draws a ball at random. The ball drawn is found to be red. Based on the above information answer the following : (Meghna notices that the probability of the red ball taken out from the box II is 3. Then find the value of *n’. Find the probability that box I is selected given that the ball drawn is found to be red. What is the probability that the ball drawn is found to be red? Let A be the event of getting a red ball from the box. Also let E, and E, be the events that box I and box 11 is selected, respectively. Find the value of a P(E,|A). A: Very hard working students B : Regular but not so hard working C:: Careless and irregular. It’s known that 10 students are in category A, 30 in category B and rest in category C Itis also found that probability of students of category A, unable to get good marks in the year examination is, 0.002, of category B it is 0.02 and of category C. this probability is 0.20. Based on the above information answer the following () Ifa student selected at random was found to be the one who could not get good marks in the examination. then find the probability that this student is of category C. Gi) Assume that a student selected at random was found to be the one who could n 200d marks in the examination. Then find the probability that this student is either of category A or of catevory B.QOS. Q09. Q10. (iii) Find the probability that the student is unable to get good marks in the examination (iv) A student selected at random was found to be the one who could not get good marks in the examination, Then find the probability that this student is of category A () A student selected at random was found to be the one who could not get good marks jn the examination, Then find the probability that this student is NOT of category A, A coach is training 3 players. He observes that the player A can hit a target 4 times in 5 shors, ‘an hit 2 times in 3 shots. player B can hit 3 times in 4 shots and the player C Keeping the above discussion in mind, answer the following : (i) Let A: the target is hit by A, B : the target is hit by B and, C : the target is hit by C. ‘Then, find the probability that A, B and, C all will hit. Referring to (i), what is the probability that B.C will hit and A will lose? (iii) With reference to the events mentioned in (i), what is the probability that ‘any two of A, B and C will hit’? (iv) What is the probability that ‘none of them will hit the target"? (v) What is the probability that A, B will hit and C will lose? A family welfare officer submits his data about the family with wo children. He says both the children maybe either boys or. girls or. one boy and one girl. For this information, a student of class 12 is interested to define the following events : Let E,: both the children are boys, E, : at least one of the children is a boy and, E, : the older child is a boy. Further By and Bp are elder boy child and younger boy child respectively. Also, Gy and G. are elder girl child and younger gir! child respectively. Based on the above information, answer the following : Write the event (E, 0E,). What is the probability for the event (E, AE,)? What is the value of P(E, | E,)? (iv) What is the value of P(E, |E,)? (v) What is the value of P(E, |E,)? Inacity school, all class XII students have Mathematics and Biology as their main subjects, apart from three other subjects which include one language. The school conducted pre-board examination for class XII. In the examination, it is observed that 30% of the students failed in Biology. 25% failed in Mathematics and 12% failed in both Biology and Mathematics. A student is selected at random from the school. Using the information given above, answer the following (i) Find the probability that the selected student has failed in Biology, if it is known that he has failed in Mathematics.Gi) Find the probability that the selected student has failed in Mathematics. if it is known that he has failed in Biology. Find the probability that the selected student has failed in at least one of the two subjects Find the probability that the selected student has passed in at least one of the (Wo subjects. (6) Find the probability that the selected student has passed in Mathematics. if itis known that he has failed in Biology ‘Testing is very important during the Covid-19 pandemic. , WW, v = CORONAVIRUS COVID-19 By examining the test done at a government hospital. the probability that Covid-19 is detected when a person is actually suffering is 0.99, The probability that the doctor diaznosis incorrectly that « person has Covid-19 on the basis of testis 0.001. Ina metro city. 1 in 1000 suffers from Covid-19, a person is selected at random and is diagnosed to have Covid-19. Based on the above information, answer the following : (i) What is'the probability that a person selected is not having Covid-19? (ii) Find the probability ofa person diagnosed with Covid-19 (iii) Assume that the population of metro city is 2000000. How many persons are expected to suffer from Covid-19? (iv) What is the probability that a person actually has Covid-19, when he is diagnosed to have Covid-19? (v) Determine the probability that the doctor diagnosis correctly that a selected person has Covid-19 on the basis of test. ‘A state Govt. passes a bill in its assembly which makes it compulsory for all male drivers in three categories - cyclists, scooter drivers and car drivers - to buy insurance policy from the state owned insurance company. The insurance company insured 2000 cyclists. 4000 scooter drivers and 6000 car MOTOR INSURANCE _ drivers. The probability of an accident involving a cyclist, scooter driver and a car driver are 0.01, 0.03 and 0.15 respectively. One of the insured persons meets with an accident. Using the information given above, answer the following : (i) What is the probability thatthe insured person is neither a cyelist nor a scooter driver? Gi) What is the probability that the insured person meets with an accident? (iii) | What is the probability that he is a scooter driver? What is the probability that he is a car driver?Q13. Qi, Qis. (¥) What is the probability that he isa cyclist? ee A mathemati cher, Mr O.P. GUPTA has & question bank consisting of 300 questions, 200 difficult True / False questions, 500 easy multiple choice questio difficult multiple ions. hice que ‘A student selects a question at random fiom the question bank Using the information given above, answer tng o = (P%&y, following : )\ : 27 (i) What isthe probability that the seletey 7 on is of multiple choice type? Suestion FS, i the probability that the selecteg pele question is easy multiple choice type? =. OO © SF (iii) What is the probability that the selecteg = i : question is of difficult True / False type -\Y = =. (ii) B (iy) What is the probability that the selected question will be an easy question given that its a multiple choice type question? (¥) What is the probability that the selected question will be a True / False type question? Amish Goel visits a factory outlet to buy electronic ceiling fans for his shop, where he sells electronic items of different types. sy question given that itis From the past experiences he knows that a lot of 10 electronic ceiling fans, will contain 3 defective fans. Mr Goel takes out a sample of 4 fans at random from a lot of 10 fans. Based on the information given above, answer the following : Let X denotes the number of defective fans in the sample. Then write the value of X, Write P(X <1). Write P(X s1). Write POX >1). ©) write SPx=n. Ina family, there are three children namely Neha, Nisha and Nidhi. On a holiday, they decided to play a game in which they toss a coin. The children Neha, Nisha and Nidhi toss the coin in that order alternatively. The first child who tosses a head the game. y Assuming that the game continues till indefinite om , time, answer the following Ka (i) What is the probability of Neha winning the game. if'she starts the game? | (ii) With reference to (i), what is the probability I of Nisha winning the game? | a Let A and B denote the event that Neha and Nisha wins the game respectively Then, find the value of P(A)+P(B). =-—(iv) it ot. tat is the probability of Nidhi to win this 0) Then write the geo’ the event that Neha, Nisha and Nidhi wins the yame respectively. hen. write the value of P(A) + P(B) + P(C) A Iady doctor is to visit an old and female patient for her routine check-ups. aie From the past experiences, it is known that the probabilities that she will come by Ola cab. metro, ear or motor bike are respectively 0.3, 0.2. 0.1 and 0.4. The probabilities that she will be late are 0.25, 0.30, 0.35 and 0.10 respectively if' she comes by Ola cab, metro, car and motor bike. For the information given above, answer the following : What is the probability that the lady doctor will be late, irrespective of her choice of the ransportation medium? (ii) When the doctor arrives, she is late. What is the probability that she comes by Ola cab? Gil) When the doctor arrives, she is late. What is the probability that she comes by metro? (iv) When the doctor arrives, she is late. What is the probability that she comes by car? (v) ee the doctor arrives, she is late. What is the probability that she comes by motor ike’ QI7. Two friends, Shruti and Hina are looking for a teaching job opportunity. Due to outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic, they could not get job in any school. Both of them decided to apply for teaching job in the online educational companies (edu-tech companies). They are selected for final round of interview in an edu-tech company. ‘The probability that Shruti will be selected after 1 the final round, 3 Also, the probability that Hina will be selected 1 afier the final round, is Based on the information given above, answer the following : Find the probability that at most one of them is selected in the company. Find the probability that both of them are selected. Find the probability that none of them will be selected by the company. Find the probability that exactly one of them is selected in the company () Find the probability that at least one of them is selected in the company QI8. Three persons A, B and C apply for the job of Manager in a Private Company. Chances of their selection (A, B and C) are in the ratio 1:2:4, The probabilities that A, B and C can introduce changes to improve profits of the company are 0.8, 0.5 and 0.3 respectively.answer the following = Cea eee , - a 3ased on the information given a then find the probability that it is due to the If the change takes place in the company. appointment of C Ifthe change takes place in the comp: appointment of A. oe j (iii) 1 the change takes place in the company. then find the probability that itis due to the appointment of B : : | Find the probability that the change takes place in the company : If the change does not take place. then determine the probability that it is due to the appointment of C. QI9. Utkarsh was doing a survey ona school. Theme of the survey was ‘the average number of hours spent on study” by students selected at random. At the end of survey, he prepared the following report related to the data = os000 _ then find the probability that it is due to the Let X denotes the average number of hours spent on study by students. The probability that X can take the values x, has the following form. where k is some constant. 02, if x=0 kx. if x=1or 2 k(6-x). if x=30r 4" 0. otherwise Based on the above informat (i) Write the value of k. ‘What is the probability that the average study time of students is not more than | hour? What is the probability that the average study time to students is at least 3 hours? What is the probability that the average study time of students is exactly 2 hours? j What is the probability that the average study time of students is at least 1 hour? Q20. Raghu and Hari decided to play a game which involved playing cards. Raghu noticed that a card has been lost from the pack of 52 playing cards answer the following questions : | Based on the above information, answer the following questions (i) Find the probability of drawing two diamonds, given that a card of diamond is missing (ii) Find the probability of drawing two diamonds. given that a card of heart is missing. Let A be the event of drawing wo diamonds from rem: ing 51 cards and E,, and E, be the events that lost card is of diamond, club, spade and heart respectively. then write the value of )°P(AJE,) (iv) Assume that the missing card is found and, then a card is drawn at random. Find the probability that the drawn card is a jack of red colour. — _*qn Q23. (oy Assume that the s missing ear without replace i card is found ment Nd Vand, then two cards are drawn simul A factory has three mae 'e probability that both drawn cards are kin Pee aaa ae A Band C to manutacture bolts jac vanufacture 30%, mae ee , machine racture 20% rile bolts respectively ne B manufacture 20% and machine C manu Out of their respect yously ture 50% ive output 5%, 2% g : : 4, 2% and 4% are defective |\ bolt is drawn at random from tor ee al product E, and E, be the events of drawing a bolt manufactured by machine A, B and C respectively. Also assume that E be the event that a defective bolt is di Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) Find the probability that def (ii) Find the probability that defective bolt drawn is manufactured by machine B (iii) Find the probability that defective bolt drawn is manufactured by machine C. (iv) Find the probability that a defective bolt is drawn. (x) Find the probability that defective bolt is not manufactured by machine C. Keshav visits a local market to buy some clothes. tive bolt drawn ‘The probability that Keshav will buy a shirt is 0.2, the probability that he will buy a trouser is 0.3. and the probability that he will buy a shirt given that he buys a trouser is 0.4. Based on the given information, answer the following questions. (Find the probability that Keshav will buy both a shirt and a trouser. (ii) Find the probabil that he buys a s hat Keshav will buy a trouser given Two groups are competing for the position on the Board OF Directors of a company. ‘The probabilities that the first and the second groups will win are 0.6 and 0.4 respectively ! Further, if the first group wins, the probability of introducing a new product is 0.7 and the corresponding probability is 0.3 ifthe second group wins. ; Based on the given information, answer the following questions. (i) Find the probability that the new product is introduced in the company (ii) I the new product is introduced in the company, th find the probability that first groupQu. Q26. inthis game a person Wins a yp fy vr r die is thrown, Two friends Arpan and Sachin play a game. As per tuk a six and looses a rupee for any ther number when af Arpan decided to throw the die thrice but to g tand when he pets a six, Based on the given information, answer the following questions. (i) Let X be the amount won (or lost) by Ay What are the possible values of X7 |". (ii) Find the probability distribution of x, ait ay students Anu, Bhanu and Chetan op ked his thre A mathematies teacher Mr Sachin Pandey XII to solve a question on integration. be Mr Pandey believes that their chances of solving I 1 the question are 5. 5 and, = respectively. Based on the above information answer the following What is the probability that none of the students solves the question? (ii) What is the probability that the question is solved? ‘tronic assembly consists of wo kinds of sub-systems say, A and B. Anel probabilities are assumed to be known: P(A fails) = 0.2, P(B fails alone) = 0.15, P(A and B fail) = 0.15. Based on the above information answer the following (i) Find P(B fails). P(A fails alone) (i) Find P(A fails | B has failed) Ina game of Archery, each ring of the Archery target is valued. The centre-most ring is worth 10 points and rest of the rings are allotted points 9 to 1 in sequential order moving outwards. ++ 1 pointarcher A is Hikely to ear 10 points with a probability of 0.8 and Archer B is likely the earn 10 points with a probability of 0.9. Based on the above information, answer Write the probability Write the probability I both of them hit th earns 10 points, (iv) I both of them hit the Archery the following : that archer A does not earn 10 points. that archer B does not carn 10 points. le Archery target, then find the probability that exactly one of them 2 taryct. then find the probability that both of them carn 10 points. Also, write the probability if none of them earns 10 point. 28. In.an office three employees Vinay. Sonia and Iqbal process incoming copies of a certain form Vinay process 50% of the forms, Sonia processes 20% and Iqbal the remaining 30% of the eS hela has an error rate of 0.06, Sonia has an error rate of 0.04 and Iqbal has an error rate of 0.03. Assume that A be the event of committing an error in processing the form and let E,, E, and E, be the events that Vinay, Sonia and Iqbal processed the form Based on the above information, answer the following : () Find the probability that Sonia processed the form and committed an error. (ii) Find the probability that Vinay processed the form and committed an error (iii) The manager of the company wants to do a quality check. During inspection he selects a form at random from the days output of processed forms. If the form selected at random has an error. find the probability that the form is not processed by Vina nd the probability that Iqbal processed the form and committed an error. Find the total probability of committing an error in processing the form. Also, write the value of 7", P(E,|A). cy) Q29. Suppose that 6% of the people with blood group O are left handed and 10% of those with other blood groups are lefi handed. It is known that 30% of the people have blood group O. Based on the above information, answer the following. (i) Whatis the probability that the person selected is a left handed person? Write your answer in percentage (ii) Ifa lefi handed person is selected at random. what is the probal oup 0? yy that he/she will have bloosQ30. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below. a game, Amrita wins %5 for getting a number than 4 and loses 1 otherwise, when a fair dic is thro, She decided to throw a dic thrice but to quit as and whe, she gets a number greater than 4, . (Let X be the amount Amrita wins in the game Write the values of X. Explain your answer, Find the probability distribution of X, as defined j (i), Also find the expected value of the amount ye wins/loses. A shopkeeper sells three types of flowers seeds A,. A, and A,. These are sold as mixture. where their proportions are 4:4:2 respectively. Also their germination rates are 45%, 60% and 35% respectively. Let A, : seed A, is chosen, A, : seed A, is chosen and A,: seed A, is chosen 3 Also let E: seed germinates. (i) Find P(A,), P(A,) and P(A;). Write P(E] A,)+P(E|A,)+P(EIA,)- }) Find the probability of a randomly chosen seed to germinate. Express your answer in % (iv) Calculate the probability that it is of the type A, given that a randomly chosen seed does not germinate.Probability | CASE STUDY / PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS / | ‘Three friends A, Band Care playing a dice game. The numbers rolled up by them in their first three chances were noted and given by A = {1, 5}, B= (2,4, Stand C= {1,2, 5} as A reaches the cell ‘SKIP YOUR NEXT TURN in second throw. Based on the above information, answer the following questions. @ PIALB)= 1 1 1 2 a> + ot @ 2 (i) PBIO= I | @ 2 w 4 ot @0 | 3 2 9 i (iii) P(A NB C) =. 1 @ = Or Og @ + (iv) PAIO= @ 1 @ } (a) None of these (v) PAUBIO)= @ 0 Oy 3 @1~ 1d 5 green balls. 1 Ina play zone, Aastha is playing crane game. It has 12 blue balls, 8 red balls, 10 Tele balls at sf Aastha draws two balls one after the other without replacement, then answer the following @ (i) What is the probability that the first ball is blue and the second ball is green? 5 as @ i () 2 © % @ i (ii) What is the probability thatthe first ball is yellow and the second ball is red? as a a (a) None of these 2 119 ) 119 YQ Hg (iii) What isthe probability that both the balls are red? 4 24 dz a oe @ Z wo a © i @ Fs (iv) Whatis the probability that the first ball is green and the second ball is not yellow? (@) a () z roy 3 (4) None of these (9) What is the probability that both the balls are not blue? 6 12 1s 253, (a) os 0) 5 Og @ 5 Ajay enrolled himselfin an online practice test portal provided by his school for better practice, Out of 5 questions ina set-I, he was able to solve 4 of them and got stuck in the one which is as shown below. If A and B are independent events, P(A) = 0.6 and P(B) = 0.8, then answer the following questions.probe” 106 g MAD (a) 02 (b) 09 (©) 0.48 4 os (d) 06 2 (a) 0-9 : (b) 0.08 (c) 0.48 (d) 0.64 rala= 4 (@ 0 (b) 0.2 (©) 06 (d) 08 @) piA|B) = (a) 06 (b) 0.9 (c) 0.19 (d) 0.11 fy Plnot A and not B) = 01 (a) 00 (b) 0.48 (©) 0.08 (d) 0.91 adoctoristo mi patent From the past experience, itis known that the probabilities that he will come by cab, ietro, bike ules means of transport are respectively 0.3, 0.2, 0.1 and 0.4. The probabilities that he will be teare 0.25, 0.3, 0.35 and 0.1 if he comes by cab, metro, bike and other means of transport respectively. Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) When the doctor arrives late, what is the probability that he comes by metro? 5 2 5 1 © & 0) 5 OF @) (i) When the doctor arrives late, what is the probability that he comes by cab? : 1 = a2 ® 5 ©) 5 OF @ % (ii) When the doctor arrives late, what is the probability that he comes by bike? 5 4 5 iL ® 5 ®) 5 © & O (iv) When the doctor arrives late, what is the probability that he comes by other means of transport? 6 3 a 2 (@) 5 oT OF @ > (\) Whats the probability that the doctor is late by any means? 1 @1 (b) 0 © 5 @ZSuman was doing a project on a school survey, on the average number of how selected at random. At the end of survey, Suman prepared the following report re" Let X denotes the average number of hours spent on study by students. The probabilit has the following form, where k is some unknown constant. 0.2, ifx=0 kx, if or2, K(6—x), ifx=30r4 0, otherwise irs spent on study by students Jated to the data. y that X can take the values P(X=a)= Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (Find the value of k. (@) 01 (b) 0.2 (©) 03 (d) 0.05 (ii) What is the probability that the average study time of students is not more than I hour? (a) 04 (b) 0.3 (©) 05 (d) 0.1 (iii) What is the probability that the average study time of students is at least 3 hours? (a) 05 (b) 0.9 (c) 08 (d) 0.1 (iv) What is the probability that the average study time of students is exactly 2 hours? (a) 04 (b) 0.5 (©) 07 (d) 0.2 (v) What is the probability that the average study time of students is at least 1 hour? (a) 0.2 (b) 0.4 (© 08 (d) 0.6 On a holiday, a father gave a puzzle from a newspaper to his son Ravi and his daughter Priya. The probability of solving this specific puzzle independently by Ravi and Priya are i and respectively.qgon the above information, answer the following questions, ‘the chance that both Ravi and Priya solved the puzzle, is (@) 10% (b) 5% : (©) 25% (2) 20% o probability that puzzle is solved by Ravi but not by Priya, is 1 a = FS 3 3 Qs @ @ 4 i Find the probability that puzzle is solved, 1 1 : @ 2 7 © 5 @ & “0 by that exactly one of them solved the puzzle, is 1 a > (b) — 7, 3. 30 20 © 35 @ > {Probability that none of them solved the puzzle, is a 3 2 @5 © 5 | (@) None of these Yy— Acard is lost from a pack of 52 cards. From the remaining cards two cards are drawn at random. Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (The probability of drawing two diamonds, given that a card of diamond is missing, is 21 22 23 1 2 b) 2 — ie © os ®) 05 © as © os (i) The probability of drawing two diamonds, given that a card of heart is missing, is 26 2 49 2B @ ps () a5 © a5 @ os (ii) Let A be the event of drawing two diamonds from remaining 51 cards and E,, E,, Ey and E, be the events 4 that lost card is of diamond, club, spade and heart respectively, then the approximate value of Y P(A|E;) is @) 047 (b) 024 (©) 025 @ ois ee(iv) All of a sudden, missing card is found and, then two ards are drawn simultaneously without replacement, Probability that both drawn cards are king is 1 : 1 2 a 1 @ = oe © a © ia as (@) Ito cards are drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards, one by one with replacement, then probability of getting not a king in 1" and 2"! draw is (o) 22 Oo (d) none of these 169 169 ‘One day, a sangeet mahotsay is to be organised in an open area of Rajasthan. In recent years, it has rained only 6 days each year. Also, iti given that when it actually rains, the weatherman correctly forecasts rain 80% of the time. When it doesn't rain, he incorrectly forecasts rain 20% of the time. Ifleap year is considered, then answer the following questions. (i) ‘The probability that it rains on chosen day is - 1 = 1 @) 366 ) 3 (©) a Oa (i) The probability that it does not rain on chosen day is a 5 360 = b) = = ) Ok ®) 5% © xe (4) none of these (ii) The probability that the weatherman predicts correctly is 5 7 4 1 SI (b) = io = d) = (a) a (b) 3 (©) 3 (d) = (iv) The probability that it will rain on the chosen day, if weatherman predict rain for that day, is (a) 0.0625 (b) 0.0725 (©) 0.0825 (d) 0.0925 (%) The probability that it will not rain on the chosen day, if weatherman predict rain for that day, is (a) 0.94 (b) 0.84 (c) 0.74 (d) 0.64e four child: ie iy ine ar isten. All of them have to work in their family business to eatn ther livelihood st pereer gusedon the above information, answer the following questions. @ probability that all children are girls, if itis given that elder child is a boy, is (@) 38 (b) 1/8 (©) 5/8 (a) none of these (a) Probability that all children are boys, iftwo elder children are boys, is (a) 4 (b) 3/4 (c) 2 (d). none of these (ii) Find the probability that two middle children are boys, ifit is given that eldest child is a girl (@ 0 (b) 3/4 (© 4 (d) none of these (q) Find the probability that all children are boys, if it is given that at most one of the children is a girl. (@ 0 (b) 1/5 (©) 215 (a) 4/5 (6) Find the probability that all children are boys, if tis given that at least three of the children are boys. (a) 5 (b) 2/5 (©) 3/5 (d) 4/5 Toteach the application of probability a maths teacher arranged a surprise game for 5 of his students namely Archit, Aadya, Mivaan, Deepak and Vrinda. He took a bowl containing tickets numbered 1 to 50 and told the students go one by one and draw two tickets simultaneously from the bowl and replace it after noting the numbers. Based on the above information, answer the following questions.| : -s even number? (Teacher ask Vrinda, what is the probability that both tickets drawn by Archit 7 nn (@) 1/50 (b) 12/49 (© BA9 a e dd number? (ii) Teacher ask Mivaan, what is the probability that both tickets drawn by Aadya oe ai (a) 1/50 (b) 2/49 (c) 1249 @ ieoa on o1 (ili) Teacher ask Deepak, what is the probability that tickets drawn by Mivaan shows 4 mullite 0 ne ticket and a multiple 5 on other ticket? f tt (a) 14/245 (b) 16/245 (c) 24/245 ae = is er 01 (iv) Teacher ask Archit, what is the probability that tickets are drawn by Deepak, shows a prime number on one ticket and a multiple of 4 on other ticket? (a) 3/245 (b) 17/245 (©) 19/245 (d) 360245 fi (©) ‘Teacher ask Aadya, what is the probability that tickets drawn by Vrinda, shows an even number on firs ticket and an odd number on second ticket? Cihese (a) "15/98 (b) 25/98 () 35/98 (2) none! & A pharmaceutical company wants to advertise a new product on T.V., where the product i I for women. For that an advertising executive is hired to study television-viewing habits of married couples during prime time hours. Based on past viewing records he has determined that during prime time husbands are watching television 70% of the time. It has also been determined that when the husband is watching television, 30% of the time the wife is also watching. When the husband is not watching television, 40% of the time the wife is watching television. s specially designed Os He | | Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) The probability that the husband is not watching television during prime time, is (a) 06 (b) 03 (© 04 (@) 05 (ii) Ifthe wife is watching television, the probability that husband is also watching television, is (a) 2/11 (b) 7/11 () sf (4) 8/1 (iii) The probability that both husband and wife are watching television during prime time, is (a) 0.21 (b) 0.5 () 03 (d) 04 (iv) The probability that the wife is watching television during prime time, is (a) 0.24 (b) 0.33 (©) 03 (d) 04 (v) Ifthe wife is watching television, then the probability that husband is not watching television, is (a) 2/11 (b) 4/11 (ad (ad) 5/1& siateral cricket series between India and South Aftica, me gin wins APY match, then the Probability that it wins thi ie itis given that there is no tie in any match, the probability that India wins the first match is 0.6, fe next match is 0.4, otherwise the probability is 0.3, pased on the above information answer the following questions. {The probability that India won the second match, if India has already loose the first match is (@) 05 (b) 04 (©) 03 (@) 06 {i The probability that India losing the third match, if India has already loose the first two matches is (a) 0.2 (b) 0.3 (c) 04 (d) 0.7 (i) The probability that India losing the first two matches is (a) 0.12 (b) 0.28 (c) 0.42 (d) 0.01 (ix) The probability that India winning the first three matches is. (a) 0.92 (b) 0.96 (©) 0.94 (d) 0.096 () The probability that India winning exactly one of the first three matches is (a) 0.205 (b) 0.21 (©) 0.408 (d) 0.312 6 Astudent is preparing for the competitive examinations LIC AAO, SSC CGL and Bank P.O. The probabilities that the student is selected independently in competitive examination of LIC AAO, SSC CGL and Bank PO. are a,band c respectively. Of these examinations, students has 50% chance of selection in at least one, 40% chance ofselection in at least two and 30% chance of selection in exactly two examinations.Based on the above information, answer the following questions. () The value of a + b+ ¢~ab-be-ca+abeis (a) 0.3 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.7 (i) The value of ab + be + ac ~ 2abeis (a) 0s (b) 0.3 (c) 04 (iii) The value of abcis (@) 01 (b) 05 (© 07 (iv) The value of ab + be + acis fa) 01 (b) 0.6 () 05 (v) The value ofa +b + cis @. (b) 15 (© 16 -o- (d) 06 (@) 06 (@ 03 (a) 03 (d) 14 A factory has three machines A, B and C to manufacture bolts. Machine A manufacture 30%, oe ie ‘manufacture 20% and machine C manufacture 50% of the bolts respectively. Out of their pena eee 28% and 4% are defective, A bolt is drawn at random from total production and itis found to be defective. Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (Probability that defective bolt drawn is manufactured by machine A, is 4 5 6 (a) Bb (b) B (c) B (ii) Probability that defective bolt drawn is manufactured by machine B, is (a) 0.3 (b) 0.1 (c) 0.2 (iii) Probability that defective bolt drawn is manufactured by machine C, is 16 17 20 @) 35 ) 35 © 35 (iv) Probability that defective bolt is not manufactured by machine B, is 35 6 4l (a) 0 (b) 39 (©) 25) (v) Probability that defective bolt is not manufactured by machine C, is (a) 0.03 (b) 0.09 (©) 0s @s (d) 04 15 (a) 39 (a) none of these (4) 0.9& speontains | white, 3 black and 2 red balls, Box II contains 2 white, 1 black and 3 red balls. Box TIL got Tg 3 whites 2 black and 1 red balls. One box is chosen at random and two balls are drawn with “Hl (Ll yevtr Babee evens that the balls drawn from box I, box Il and box III respectively and E be the event that, gan are one white and one red, then answer the fllowing questions ene » uv 0 probability of occurrence of event . given that the balls ne are from box I, is = () = 2 iu @ 9 : © : @> 4p Probability f occurrence of event E given thatthe alls drawn are from box Il is L © 5 4 © 2 @ 2 4 (i) Probability ‘of occurrence of event E, given that balls drawn are from box III, is = oF a ay 4 ® 2 © § @ > 3 fa) Thevalue of Y_PCE|E,) is equal to a 2 a J pee a by 2 (@) ie (b) 2 © ie (d) 18 () The probability thatthe bas drawn are from box Il, given that event E has already occurred, is 1 6 5 = py & eS @ a Oy Oy (d) none of these tisha and Ayushi appeared for first round of an interview for two vacancies. The probability of Nisha’ selection ig 1/3. and that of Ayushi’s selection is 2.Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (The probability that both of them are selected, is 1 1 1 1 M5 as — Os 2 (ii) The probability that none of them is selected, is ji 2 3 5 @) 5 = = (c) = 3 @ 5 5 OF (iii) The probability that only one of them is selected, is 1 5 2 2 @ 3 @ 5 ©) 5 Og 2 (iv) The probability that atleast one of them is selected, is 2 2 1 3 @ = @ $ 5 © 3 5 ich selection is (v) Suppose Nisha is selected by the manager and told her cor two posts I oa II for which selection is bility that independent. If the probability of selection for post I is 4 and for post IL is = then the probability tha Nisha is selected for at least one is 7 - 2 3 a (@) 3 (b) : © @ 2 —Y— Varun and Isha decided to play with dice to keep themselves busy at home as their schools are closed due to coronavirus pandemic. Varun throw a dice repeatedly until a six is obtained. He denote the number of throws required by X. Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) The probability that X = 2 equals 1 5 5 @) § . () oo © Pa @ (ii) The probability that X = 4 equals 1 aL 3 i @s os o& @ 4 (iii) The probability that X22 equals 25 a 5 ore (b) se = 25 © 6 ©) 36 © > @sy te valve of (X26) is ww $ . : og (b) eG @ s ae probability that X’> 3 equals @ on 3 o) > ei bis e Og (a) a ip prerboard examination of class XI, commerce stream with Economics and Mathematics of a particular chook 50% of the students failed in Economics, 35% failed in Mathematics and 25% failed in both Economics ep aatheratics. A students selected at random from the clas, sued on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) The probability that the selected student has failed in Economics, if it is known that he has failed in Mathematics, is 3 eo 1 5 2 b) 2 - a) > @ ) 5 oT @ 5 (i) The probability that the selected student has failed in Mathematics, if it is known that he has failed in Economics, is 2 12 1 3 — (b) = = = o = oF @ 5 @ > (ii) The probability that the selected student has passed in at least one of the two subjects, is @ Oy © 3 (a) None of these (iu) The probability that the selected student has failed in at least one of the two subjects is 2 43 @3 ) 2 0 = , of 5 35. 5 . 100 () ‘the probability that the selected student has passed in Mathematics, if it is known that he has failed in Economics, is oe 3 1 1 OF ©) 5 M5 @> .Ina wedding ceremony, consists of father, mother, daughter as shown in figure. and son line up at random for a family photograph, Based on the above information, answer the following questions. (i) Find the probability that daughter is at one end, given that father and mother are in a middle. @1 ©) ; 0 ; @ 5 (ii) Find the probability that mother is at right end, given that son and daughter are together. 1 az 1 el ut e d) 0 @ > © 5 Og @ (iii) Find the probability that father and mother are in the middle, given that son is at right end. 1 1 i 2 a i az ai @ 4 o> 5 @ 5 (iv) Find the probability that father and son are standing together, given that mother and daughter are standing together. @ 0 (1 oy @ 2 (v) Find the probability that father and mother are on either of the ends, given that son is at second position from the right end. 1 2 1 2 - b) = + a) 2 @) 7 5 © a (d) F Between students of class XII of two schools A and B basketball match is organised. For which, a team from each school is chosen, say T, be the team of school A and T, be the team of school B. These teams have to play two games against each other. It is assumed that the outcomes of the two games are independent. The probability of 1 , winning, drawing and losing a game against T; are > = and ; respectively. Each team gets 2 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and 0 point for a loss in a game. Let X and ¥ denote the total points scored by team A and B respectively, after two games.xed on the above information, answer the following questions. PCT, winning a match against T,) is equal to @ us (b) 1/6 © 13 (4) none of these {a PCT, drawing a match against T,) is equal to @ 12 (b) 1/3 (c) 1/6 (d) 3/10 (a) PX YD is equal to (a) V4 (b) 5/12 (©) 1/20 (d) 11/20 {i POX= Vis equal to (a) 11/100 (b) 1/3, (ce) 29/100 @) 2 (a) PIX+ ¥=8) is equal to fa) 0 (b) 5/12 (co) 13/36 (d) 7/12 inan office three employees Vinay, Sonia and Iqbal process incoming copies of a certain form. Vinay process. 5096 f the forms, Sonia processes 20% and Iqbal the remaining 30% of the forms. Vinay has an error rate of 0.06, Sonia has an error rate of 0.04 and Iqbal has an error rate of 0.03. Based on the above information, answer the following questions. () The conditional probability that an error is committed in processing given that Sonia processed the form is (a) 0.0210 (b) 0.04 (c) 0.47 (d) 0.06 (i) The probability that Sonia processed the form and committed an error is (2) 0.005 (b) 0.006 (©) 0.008 (a) 0.68Lill) The total probability of committing an error in processing the form is @o (b) 0.047 (©) 0.234 @1 (iv) The manager of the company wants to do a quality check. During inspection he sslects a form at fandom from the days output of processed forms. Ifthe form selected at random has an error, the probability that the form is NOT processed by Vinay is 7 20 az @t (b) 2 OF OF (¥) Let A be the event of committing an error in processing the form and let E,, E, and E, be the events that 3 Vinay, Sonia and Iqbal processed the form. The value of P(E; | A) is ia (@) 0 (b) 0.03 (©) 0.06 @ 1 1. Here, sample space = {1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6}, A B= {5}, BOC=(2,5},ANC={1,5},ANBAC= {5} Here, PCE) = 35 and PLE)“ 34 oe and {A UB} C= {1, 2,5} 2 PENH = HEME = 22S Also, P(A) = 2, (B) = 3, (C= 3 5 24_ 12 lec) Gears (i) © PON G)= PIG) (1) = SSE = TS (v) (d): Let E = event of drawing a first non-blue ball and F = event of drawing a second non-blue ball 23 22 PA B)= 4, PENG PAN BAO=2 and (AUB) AC Here, P(e) = and P(F) = = 23 22 _ 253 a P V6 . = PRY: = 253 @ @): Praia = POCO we t ve PUNE) = P(E) P(F |B) = 25 = oe 3. Here, P(A) = 0.6 and P(B) =0.8 ‘ A 8): Peal cy= POO HE A? © (©:P(AMB) = (APB) = (0.6)(0.8) = 0.48 Gi) (@): P(A UB) = P(A) + PCB) - PAB) Gi) (@): Pranic) meee yet 0.6 + 0.8 - 0.48 = 0.92 (iii) (€): PCB | A) = P(B) (+: A and B are independent) wy) ©: = PUNC) _216_2 (i) ©: PAI) =PEOO. 6.2 ae (iv) (a): P(A |B) = P(A) (++ A and B are independent) : = PUALB)NC) _3/6_ () @: mau} c= "ALBA ME. 06 (¥) (©) : P(not A and not B) = P(A’ > B’) = P(A U BY’ =1-P(AUB)=1-092=0.08 4. Let Ebe the event that the doctor visit the patient late and let A,, Ay, Ay, A, be the events that the doctor 2. LetB,R, Yand Gdenote the events that ball drawn is blue, red, yellow and green respectively. . 7e)= 2, Pa= Pay = 2 and P( 35 | comes by cab, metro, bike and other means of transport @) (©): P(GMB) = P(B)-P(G | B) = 35°34 7119 tespectively. P(A,) = 03, P(A,) = 0.2, P(A,) = 0.1, P(A,) = 0.4 Gi) @:PIRA = PCKYAR| N= BE P(EIA,) = Probability that the doctor arriving late 35°34 19 when he comes by cab = 0.25 (ii) (a): Let £ = event of drawing a first red ball and Similarly, PUE| A, F = event of drawing a second red ball and P(E| Ay) =0.1 = 03, P(E| As) =0.35