Shear Wall Design Report

Shear Wall Design Report

Shear Wall Design

Explanation of Shear Wall Design Preferences

1. Design code: -
Selection of design code depends upon the Region in which following Structure is going to be
designed. Some countries do not have their own design code, So the Designer may choose to follow
Design code of some other country.
For Example: - In India, most of the concrete structures are designed as per IS456:2000 and applying
the loads from IS 875, IS 1893 etc.

2. Modal Response case design: -

This is either “Envelopes", "Step-by-Step", "Last Step", "Envelopes - All”, “Step-by-Step - All”
indicating how results for multivalued cases (Time history, Nonlinear static or Multi-step static) are
considered in the design.
• Envelope - considers enveloping values for Time History and Multi-step static and last step
values for Nonlinear static.
• Step-by-Step - considers step by step values for Time History and Multi-step static and last
step values for Nonlinear static.
• Last Step - considers last values for Time History, Multi-step static and Nonlinear static.
• Envelope - All - considers enveloping values for Time History, Multi-step static and Nonlinear
static.
 Shear Wall Design Report

• Step-by-Step - All - considers step by step values for Time History, Multi-step static and
Nonlinear static.
• Step-by-Step and Step-by-Step - All default to the corresponding. Envelope if more than one
multivalued case is present in the combo.

3. Rebar Material
Rebar Material corresponds to the grade of Steel that designer wants to utilize for the design of the
longitudinal reinforcement. For the Design of these particular shear wall, I have taken HYSD 500
grade of steel for the longitudinal reinforcement.

4. Rebar Shear Material

Rebar Shear Material corresponds to the grade of Steel that designer wants to utilize for the design of
the longitudinal reinforcement. For the Design of these particular shear wall, I have taken HYSD 415
grade of steel for the shear reinforcement.

5. Gamma Steel
When assessing the strength of structure or structural member for the limit state of collapse, the values
of partial safety factor, Ym Should be taken as 1.15 for steel as per clause 36.4.2.1 of IS 456:2000.

6. Gamma Concrete
When assessing the strength of structure or structural member for the limit state of collapse, the values
of partial safety factor, Ym Should be taken as 1.5 for concrete as per clause 36.4.2.1 of IS 456:2000.

7. Pmax Factor
Factor used to reduce the allowable maximum compressive design strength, unitless. Clause 10.4.2.1
of IS 13920:2016 specifies this factor to be 0.80. This factor can be revised in the preferences.

8. Number of Interaction curves

Interaction curve is a visual representation of bending moment (Mu) and axial force (Pu) and
this curve explains the ultimate capacity of the compression member when it is subjected to axial load
and moments. Interaction diagram for rectangular and circular columns are available in SP 16-1980
RC Handbook.
The reinforced concrete column with specified amount of longitudinal steel has different carrying
capacities of a pair of Pu and Mu before its collapse depending on the eccentricity of the load. In fact,
any radial line represents a particular eccentricity of the load. Any point on the interaction diagram
gives a unique pair of Pu and Mu that causes the state of incipient failure. Figure 1 represents typical
interaction curves.
The interaction diagram further reveals that as the axial force Pu becomes larger, the section can carry
smaller Mu before failing in the compression zone. The reverse is the case in the tension zone, where
the moment carrying capacity Mu increases with the increase of axial load Pu. In the compression
failure zone, the failure occurs due to over straining of concrete.
 Shear Wall Design Report

Figure.1 Interaction curves

9. Number of Interaction Points: -

The number of points used to define a two-dimensional interaction curve. This item must be greater
than or equal to 5 and odd.

10.Consider Minimum Eccentricity Major?

The loads for a particular design load combination are obtained by applying the corresponding factors
to all of the load cases, giving Pu, Mu2, and Mu3.
Piers are designed for minimum eccentricity moment, Pe, min, when M < Pe, min, where

𝐿33 𝐿𝑤
e min = +
500 30
𝐿22 𝑡𝑤
e min = +
500 30
where
Lw = Overall horizontal length of the wall,
tw = The thickness of the wall,
L33 = Unbraced length of the wall in the major direction,
= Story height,
L22 = Unbraced length of the wall in the minor direction,
 Shear Wall Design Report

= Story height
The minimum eccentricity is applied in only one direction at a time (Clause 25.4 of IS 456:2000)

The program computes the slenderness ratios as l33 / Lw and l22 / tw, where l33 and l22 are effective
lengths of the pirt about local axis 3 and 2, while D and b are dimensions of the column perpendicular
to the local 3 and 2 axes. If the slenderness ratio is greater than 12, the Pier is considered as slender in
that plane (Clause 25.1.2 of IS 456:2000). Effectively, the Pirt may be slender in one or both planes.
If the column is slender in a plane, additional slenderness moments, Ma2 and Ma3, are computed using
the following formula.

PuD l33 2
Ma3 = k ( ) (Clause 39.7.1 of IS 456:2000)
2000 Lw

Pub l22 2
Ma2 = k ( ) (Clause 39.7.1 of IS 456:2000)
2000 tw

Where,
(𝑃𝑢𝑧−𝑃𝑢)
K= ≤1 (Clause 39.7.1.1 of IS 456:2000)
(𝑃𝑢𝑧−𝑃𝑏)
Puz = 0.45*Fck*Ac + 0.75*Fy*Asc (Clause 39.6 of IS 456:2000)
Ma2, Ma3 = Additional moments to account for column slenderness about column local axes
respectively
Pu = Factored axial force in column for a particular load combination
Puz = Theoretical axial capacity of the section.
Pb = Axial load corresponding to the condition of maximum compression strain of O.0035 in
concrete and tensile strain of 0.002 in the outermost layer of tension steel.
L22, L33 = Effective length of column about the local axes 2 and 3 respectively
l22 = k22 * L22
l33 = k33 * L33
Lw, tw = Lateral column dimension perpendicular to the local axes 3 and 2 respectively
K = Reduction factor for reducing additional moments.

When designing a Pier, Asc is not known in advance, and so Puz and Pb are not known, in such cases, k
is conservatively taken as 1. The program assumes the effective length factors k33 = 1 and k22 = 1.
The use of code-specified additional moment (Clause 39.7 of IS 456:2000) is an approximate
procedure (IS SP-24, 1993, Clause 38.7). It is recommended that the user include P-Delta analysis.
With this option, the program can capture the lateral drift effect (i.e., global effect or P-∆ effect), but
the program does not capture local effect (i.e., P-δ effect) to its entirety through analysis. To capture
the local effect correctly, the program uses the approximate design formula for additional moments
with the assumption that k = 1.

It should be noted that the minimum eccentricity is enforced and additional moment is employed for
a planar wall, as stated previously. However, for multi-legged 3D piers, the minimum eccentricity is
enforced based on equivalent thickness. Similar slenderness effects are calculated based on equivalent
thickness.
 Shear Wall Design Report

11.Consider Minimum Eccentricity Major?

Similar procedure as explained in the Point 10. Will be followed in other direction.

12.Edge Design PT-Max

Maximum ratio of tension reinforcing allowed in edge members, PT-max. As per clause 10.4.3 of IS
13920:2016 is it 4. of gross area of shear wall.

13. Edge Design PC-Max

Maximum ratio of compression reinforcing allowed in edge members, PC-max. As per clause 10.4.3
of IS 13920:2016 is it 4% of gross area of shear wall.

14.Section Design IP-Max

The maximum ratio of reinforcing considered in the design of a pier with a Section Designer section.
The largest of the eight reinforcing ratios used is that specified in the shear wall design preferences as
Section Design IP-Max. As per clause 10.4.3 of IS 13920:2016 is it 4% of gross area of shear wall.

15.Section Design IP-Min

The minimum ratio of reinforcing considered in the design of a pier with a Section Designer section.
The smallest of the eight reinforcing ratios used is that specified in the shear wall design preferences
as Section Design IP-Min. As per Table-1 of IS 13920:2016 is it 0.25% of gross area of shear wall.

16. Utilization Factor limit

The utilization factor limit. this is the target P-M-M interaction ratio for designing rebar in wall pier.
for a given design load combination, the program generates a D/C ratio associated with each of the
eight interaction surfaces. The program then uses linear interpolation between the eight interaction
surfaces to determine the reinforcing ratio that gives a D/C ratio of 1 (actually the program uses the
Utilization Factor Limits instead of 1; the Utilization Factor Limit is 0.95 by default, but it can be
overwritten by the user in the preferences). This process is repeated for all design load combinations
and the largest required reinforcing ratio is reported.
 Shear Wall Design Report

Explanation of Pier Design Overwrites

A. Simplified Tension and Compression

1. Design this Pier?

Here, Software is asking for the permission to design the selected pier, Designer may either
choose to design or not. By default, it is YES.
Here the Possible values are ‘Yes’ or ‘No’.

2. LL Reduction Factor.
If the LL Reduction Factor is program calculated, it is based on the live load reduction method
chosen in the live load reduction preferences. If you specify your own LL Reduction Factor, the
program ignores any reduction method specified in the live load reduction preferences and
simply calculates the reduced live load for a pier or spandrel by multiplying the specified LL
Reduction Factor times the reducible live load.

As per the clause 3.2.1 of IS: 875 (Part 2) -1987

For floor supporting Structural Members- Except as provided for in clause 3.2.1.1 of IS: 875
(Part 2) -1987, the following reductions in assumed total imposed loads on floors may be made
in designing columns, load bearing walls piers their supports and foundations.
 Shear Wall Design Report

As per the clause 3.2.1.1 of IS: 875 (Part 2) -1987

NO reduction shall be made for any plant or machinery which is specifically allowed for, or in
buildings for storage purposes, warehouses and garages. However, for other buildings where the
floor is designed for an imposed floor load of 5.0 kN/m2 or more, the reductions shown in clause
3.2.1 of IS: 875 (Part 2) -1987 may be taken, provided that the loading assumed is not less than
it would have been if all the floors had been designed for 5.0 kN/m2 with no reductions.

3. Pier Section Type

This section indicated the type of pier. The possible values are Uniform Reinforcing, General
Reinforcing and Simplified T and C. The General Reinforcing option is not available previously
been defined in Section Designer.

4. Thick Bottom
Wall pier thickness at bottom of pier, tp. Inputting 0 means the item is to be program calculated.

5. Length Bottom
Wall pier length at bottom of pier, Lp. Inputting 0 means the item is to be program calculated.

6. DB1 Left Bottom

Length of the bottom of a user-defined edge member on the left side of a wall pier, DB1left.

7. DB2 Left Bottom

Width of the bottom of a user-defined edge member on the left side of a wall pier, DB2left. Refer
to the User-Defined Edge Members subsection that follows this table for more information.

8. DB1 Right Bottom

Length of the bottom of a user-defined edge member on the right side of a wall pier, DB1right.

9. DB2 Right Bottom

Width of the bottom of a user-defined edge member on the right side of a wall pier, DB2right.

10.Thick top
Wall pier thickness at the top of a pier, tp. Inputting 0 means the item is to be program calculated.

11.Length Top
Wall pier length at the top of a pier, Lp. Inputting 0 means the item is to be program calculated.

12.DB1 Left Top

Length of the top of a user-defined edge member on the left side of a wall pier, DB1left.

13.DB2 Left Top

Width of the top of a user-defined edge member on the left side of a wall pier, DB2left.
 Shear Wall Design Report

14.DB1 Right Top

Length of the top of a user-defined edge member on the right side of a wall pier, DB1right.

15.DB2 Right Top

Width of the top of a user-defined edge member on the right side of a wall pier, DB2right.

16.Material
Material property associated with the pier.

17.Edge Design PT-Max

Maximum ratio of compression reinforcing allowed in edge members, PCmax.

18.Edge Design PC-Max

Maximum ratio of tension reinforcing allowed in edge members, PTmax.

B. Uniform Reinforcing

1. Design this Pier?

Same as Simplified C and T.

2. LL Reduction Factor
Same as Simplified C and T.

3. Pier Section Type

Same as Simplified C and T.
 Shear Wall Design Report

4. End/ Corner Bar Name

The size of end and corner bars.

5. Edge Bar Name

The spacing of the uniformly spaced edge bars.

6. Edge Bar Spacing

The spacing of the uniformly spaced edge bars.

7. Clear Cover
The clear cover for the edge, end and corners bars.

8. Material
The material property associated with the pier

9. Check/ Design Reinforcing

This item indicates whether the pier section is to be designed or checked.

10.Edge Design PT- Max

Maximum ratio of compression reinforcing allowed in edge members, PC-max.

11.Edge Design PC-Max

Maximum ratio of tension reinforcing allowed in edge members, PTmax.

C. General Reinforcing

1. Design this Pier?

Same as Simplified C and T and Uniform Reinforcing.
 Shear Wall Design Report

2. LL Reduction Factor
Same as Simplified C and T and Uniform Reinforcing.

3. Pier Section Type

Same as Simplified C and T and Uniform Reinforcing.

4. Section Bottom
Name of a pier section, defined in Section Designer that is assigned to the bottom of the pier.

5. Section Top
Name of a pier section, defined in Section Designer, that is assigned to the top of the pier.

6. Check/ Design Reinforcing

This item indicates whether the pier section is to be designed or checked.

7. Edge Design PT-Max

Maximum ratio of compression reinforcing allowed in edge members, PC-max.

8. Edge Design PC-Max

Maximum ratio of tension reinforcing allowed in edge members, PTmax.
 Shear Wall Design Report

Shear Wall Design as per ETABS

Here, Column Elements Details, Section Properties, Design Code Parameters are
automatically calculated by the software with the help of the Material and Section and
design Code definition.
Axial Force and Biaxial
Moments Design for Pu, Mu2, Mu3 are taken from the load applied and Envelope of all
the combinations.
 Shear Wall Design Report

a. Check for Axial force Pu of the Member at the top

Axial force is exactly matching at the top

b. Check for Axial force Pu of the Member at the bottom

Axial force is exactly matching at the bottom

 Shear Wall Design Report

c. Check for Moment Mu3 of the Member at the top

Moment are is exactly matching at the top

d. Check for Moment Mu3 of the Member at the top

Moment are is exactly matching at the bottom

 Shear Wall Design Report

Wall Pier Flexural Design

ETABS can design the pier sections that are defined as "General Reinforcing Pier” sections or
"Uniform Reinforcing Pier” sections when reinforcing layout is given and "Design Reinforcement" is
requested. The program can check those two types of sections when reinforcements are given and
"Check Reinforcement" is requested. The program can design the pier sections that are defined as
"Simplified T and C Pier” sections. In all cases, P-M-M interaction is used for the overall section. For
Simplified T and C sections, approximations are used to perform simple design. For the design
problems, design reinforcement is reported.
For the check problems, the P-M-M interaction ratio is reported. For flexural design/check of piers,
the factored forces axial force Pu, and the bending moments Mu2 and Mu3 for a particular design load
combination at a particular design section (top or bottom) are obtained by factoring the associated
forces and moments with the corresponding design load combination factors

Generation of the Biaxial interaction surface

The column capacity interaction volume is numerically described by a series of discrete points that are
generated on the three-dimensional interaction failure surface. In addition to axial compression and
biaxial bending, the formulation allows for axial tension and biaxial bending considerations. A typical
interaction diagram is shown in Figure-1. The coordinates of these points are determined by rotating a
plane of linear strain in three dimensions on the section of the column, as shown in Figure 1.
The linear strain diagram limits the maximum concrete strain, εc, at the extremity of the section, as
given by the following equations:

a) When there is any tensile strain in the section, the maximum strain in concrete at the outermost
compression fiber is taken as 0.0035 (Clause 38.1(b) of IS456:2000).

εc = 0.0035, when tensile strain is present (Clause 38.1(b) of IS456:2000)

Figure-1 Typical column interaction surfaces

 Shear Wall Design Report

b) When the section is uniformly compressed, the maximum compression strain in concrete is taken
as 0.002 ((Clause 39.1(a) of IS456:2000)).

εc = 0.002, when the section in uniformly compressed (Clause 39.1(a) of IS456:2000)

c) When the entire section is under non-uniform compression, the maximum compressive strain at
the highly compressed extreme fiber is taken as 0.0035 minus 0.75 times the strain at the least
compressed extreme fiber (Clause 39.1(ab) of IS456:2000)

εc,max = 0.0035 − 0.75 εc,min,

when the section is non-uniformly compressed (Clause 39.1(a) of IS456:2000)

The formulation is based consistently on the basic principles of limit state of collapse under
compression and bending (Clause 38, 39 of IS456:2000)

The stress in the steel is given by the product of the steel strain and the steel modulus of elasticity,
εsEs, and is limited to the design strength of the steel, fy / γs (Clause 38.1(e) of IS456:2000). The
area associated with each reinforcing bar is assumed to be placed at the actual location of the center
of the bar, and the algorithm does not assume any further simplifications with respect to
distributing the area of steel over the cross-section of the column, as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2- Idealized strain distribution for generation of interaction surface

 Shear Wall Design Report

The concrete compression stress block is assumed to be parabolic, with a stress value of 0.67 ck m
f γ (Clause 38.1(c) of IS456:2000).
See Figure-3 The interaction algorithm provides corrections to account for the concrete area that
is displaced by the reinforcement in the compression zone.

Figure-3 Idealization of stress and strain distribution in a column section

The equivalent concrete compression stress block is assumed to be rectangular, with a stress value of
0.36 fck [(Clause 38.1(c) of IS456:2000), Figure 22], as shown in Figure 2-4. The depth of the
equivalent rectangular block, a, is taken as:

a = β1⋅xu (Clause 38.1(c) of IS456:2000)

where c is the depth of the stress block in compression strain, and

β1 = 2 × 0.42 = 0.84. (Clause 38.1(c) of IS456:2000)

The maximum compressive axial strength is limited to Pu, where

Pu = [0.4fckAc + 0.67 fyAsc]. (Clause 39.3 of IS456:2000)

However, the preceding limit is not normally reached unless the section is heavily reinforced.

Note: The number of points to be used in creating interaction diagrams can be specified in the shear
wall preferences and overwrites.

As previously mentioned, by default, 11 points are used to define a single interaction curve. When
creating a single interaction curve, the program includes the points at Pb, Poc and Pot on the interaction
curve. Half of the remaining number of specified points on the interaction curve occur between Pb and
Poc at approximately equal spacing along the Pu axis. The other half of the remaining number of
specified points on the interaction curve occur between Pb and Pot at approximately equal spacing
along the Pu axis
 Shear Wall Design Report

Wall Pier Demand/Capacity Ratio

Refer to Figure 2-5, which shows a typical two-dimensional wall pier interaction diagram. The forces
obtained from a given design load combination are Pu and Mu3. Point L, defined by (Pu, Mu3), is
placed on the interaction diagram, as shown in the figure. If the point lies within the interaction curve,
the wall pier capacity is adequate. If the point lies outside of the interaction curve, the wall pier is
overstressed.

Figure-1 Two-Dimensional Wall Pier Demand/ capacity Ratio

As a measure of the stress condition in the wall pier, the program calculates a stress ratio. The ratio is
achieved by plotting the point L and determining the location of point C. Point C is defined as the point
where the line OL (extended outward if needed) intersects the interaction curve. The demand/capacity
ratio, D/C, is given by D/C = OL / OC where OL is the "distance" from point O (the origin) to point L
and OC is the "distance" from point O to point C. Note the following about the D/C ratio:
• If OL = OC (or D/C = 1), the point (Pu, Mu3) lies on the interaction curve and the wall pier is
stressed to capacity.
• If OL < OC (or D/C < 1), the point (Pu, Mu3) lies within the interaction curve and the wall pier
capacity is adequate.
• If OL > OC (or D/C > 1), the point (Pu, M3u) lies outside of the interaction curve and the wall
pier is overstressed.
The wall pier D/C ratio is a factor that gives an indication of the stress condition of the wall with
respect to the capacity of the wall.
The D/C ratio for a three-dimensional wall pier is determined in a similar manner to that described
here for two-dimensional piers.
The maximum of all the D/C ratios calculated for each design load combination is reported for each
check station of the pier along with the controlling (Pu, Mu2, Mu3) set and the associated load
combination name.
 Shear Wall Design Report

Designing a General or Uniform Reinforcing Pier Section.

When a General Reinforcing pier section is specified to be designed, the program creates a series of
interaction surfaces for the pier based on the following items:
• The size of the pier as specified in Section Designer.
• The location of the reinforcing specified in Section Designer.
• The size of each reinforcing bar specified in Section Designer relative to the size of the other
bars.

The interaction surfaces are developed for eight different ratios of reinforcing steel-area-to-pier-area.
The pier area is held constant and the rebar area is modified to obtain these different ratios; however,
the relative size (area) of each rebar compared to the other bars is always kept constant.
The smallest of the eight reinforcing ratios used is that specified in the shear wall design preferences
as Section Design IP-Min. Similarly, the largest of the eight reinforcing ratios used is that specified in
the shear wall design preferences as Section Design IP-Max.

The eight reinforcing ratios used are the maximum and the minimum ratios plus six more ratios. The
spacing between the reinforcing ratios is calculated as an increasing arithmetic series in which the
space between the first two ratios is equal to one-third of the space between the last two ratios. Table
1 illustrates the spacing, both in general terms and for a specific example, when the minimum
reinforcing ratio, IP-Min, is 0.0025 and the maximum, IP-Max, is 0.02.

After the eight reinforcing ratios have been determined, the program develops interaction surfaces for
all eight of the ratios using the process described earlier in this section.

Next, for a given design load combination, the program generates a D/C ratio associated with each of
the eight interaction surfaces. The program then uses linear interpolation between the eight interaction
 Shear Wall Design Report

surfaces to determine the reinforcing ratio that gives a D/C ratio of 1 (actually the program uses the
Utilization Factor Limits instead of 1; the Utilization Factor Limit is 0.95 by default, but it can be
overwritten by the user in the preferences). This process is repeated for all design load combinations
and the largest required reinforcing ratio is reported.

Design of a Uniform Reinforcing pier section is similar to that described herein for the General
Reinforcing section.

Consideration of P-∆ analysis

For slender compression members, the code recommends the use of a second order frame analysis,
also called a P-∆ analysis, which includes the effect of sway deflections on the axial loads and moments
in a frame. For an adequate and rational analysis, realistic moment curvature or moment rotation
relationships should be used to provide accurate values of deflections and forces.

The analysis also should include the effect of foundation rotation and sustained loads. Because of the
complexity in the general second order analysis of frames, the code provides an approximate design
method that takes into account the “additional moments” due to lateral deflections in columns (IS
39.7). See also Clause 38.7 of SP-24 1983 (IS 1993) for details.

Hence, when using the Indian IS 456-2000 code, it is recommended that the user include the P-
delta analysis. With this option, the program can capture the lateral drift effect, i.e., the global effect
or P-∆ effect, very nicely. But the program does not capture the local effect (P-δ effect) to its entirety
because most often the column members are not meshed. To capture the local effects in columns, the
program uses the approximate formula for additional moments as specified in the code (Clause 39.7.1
of IS 456:2000).

Two major parameters in calculating the additional moments are the effective length factors for major
and minor axis bending. The effective length factors for columns are computed using a code specified
procedure (Clause 25.2, Annex E OF IS 456:2000, Wood 1974).

If P-∆ analysis is not included, the program calculates effective length factors, k, assuming the frame
is a sway frame (sway unrestrained) (IS Annex E, Figure 27). However, if the P- ∆ analysis is included,
the program assumes the member is prevented from further sway and assumes that the frame can be
considered non-sway where k < 1 (IS Annex E, Figure 26). In that case, the program takes k equal to
1 conservatively. For piers, k is taken as 1.
 Shear Wall Design Report

a. Check for Axial force Pu of the Member at the top

Axial force is exactly matching at the top

b. Check for Axial force Pu of the Member at the bottom

Axial force is exactly matching at the bottom

 Shear Wall Design Report

c. Check for Moment Mu and Shear Vu of the Member at the top

Moment and shear are exactly Matching at the top

d. Check for Moment Mu and Shear Vu of the Member at the bottom

Moment and shear are exactly Matching at the top

 Shear Wall Design Report

Wall Pier Shear Design

The wall pier shear reinforcing is designed for each of the design load combinations. The required area
of reinforcing for in-plane horizontal shear is calculated for each planar leg of the pier and only at the
ends of the pier (i.e., at the story level).

In this program, wall pier legs are designed for major (in-plane) direction shear force only. Effects
caused by minor direction shear (out-of-plane) force that may exist in the pier planar legs must be
investigated by the user independent of the program.
The following steps are involved in designing the shear reinforcing for a particular wall pier leg section
for a particular design loading combination.

• Determine the factored forces Pu and Vu that are acting on the wall pier section. Note that Pu
is required for the calculation of τcd.
• Determine the shear stress, τcd, that can be carried by the concrete alone.
• Determine the required shear reinforcing, Asv/sv, to carry the balance of the shear force.

The following two sections describe in detail the algorithms associated with this process.
The assumptions in designing the shear reinforcement are as follows:

• The pier planar leg section can be considered to be prismatic. The program does not adjust the
shear force for non-prismatic pier legs (IS 40.5.1).
• The effect on the concrete shear capacity of any concentrated or distributed load in the span of
the pier leg between two diaphragms is ignored. Also, the effect of the direct support on the
piers provided by the diaphragms is ignored.
• All shear reinforcement is assumed to be perpendicular to the longitudinal reinforcement.
• The effect of axial force is considered in the design of the shear as per clause 40.2.2 of IS
456:2000.

Determine Factored Shear Force

In the design of the shear reinforcement for pier planar legs, the shear forces and axial forces for a
particular design load combination at a particular beam section are obtained by factoring the associated
shear force and axial force with the corresponding design load combination factors.
The section is essentially considered to be prismatic. If the section is non-prismatic and the depth varies
with length, the program does not adjust the design shear force as recommended by the code (clause
40.1.1 of IS 456:2000. In that case, the user is expected to check the shear independently of the
program

Determine the Concrete Shear Capacity

Given the design force Vu and Pu, the design shear stress that can be carried by concrete alone, τcd,
and the maximum limit of nominal shear stress in the wall, τc,max, are calculated differently when the
design load combination does not involve any seismic loading and when it does.
When the design load combination does not involve any seismic load, the shear force carried by the
concrete, Vc, by planar legs of wall piers is calculated as follows (Clause 32.4.2, 32.4.3 of IS
456:2000)
Vc = τcd * Acv, where (Clause 10.2.1 of IS 13920:2016; Clause 40.2 of IS 456:2000)
 Shear Wall Design Report

Boundary Element Length on Top and Bottom Right and Left

 Shear Wall Design Report

Wall Pier Boundary Elements

Boundary elements are portions along the wall edges that are strengthened by longitudinal and
transverse reinforcement. The wall pier boundary element requirement is checked when the design
load combination involves only seismic load. Each planar leg of multi-legged wall piers is checked.
Both edges of each planar leg are checked separately.
The basis for boundary element calculation is Clause 10.4.1 of IS 13920:2016. The boundary element
calculation is similar to the design of a pier leg assuming a Simplified C-T wall pier, as described
earlier in this chapter.
The program reports the horizontal extents of the boundary, suggested longitudinal rebar area, and the
required transverse reinforcement.

Details of Check for Boundary Element Requirement

The following procedure is used for checking the required boundary elements, and if needed, for
designing the boundary elements:
• Calculate the factored forces Pu, Vu, and Mu for the pier planar leg section.
• Retrieve the geometric properties of the leg: the height of the wall segment (story height) hw;
length of the wall pier planar leg, Lw; the thickness of the pier leg tp. Refer to Figure 2-6 earlier
in this chapter for an illustration of the dimensions.
• Retrieve the material properties of the pier leg, fck and fy.
• Calculate the stress at the two extreme ends. Assume linearized elastic stress distribution and
gross section properties. Ignore rebar area As and Muz.
𝐿𝑤
𝑃𝑢 𝑀𝑢∗( )
2
𝜎= ± 𝐿𝑤3
Clause 10.4.1 of IS 13920:2016
𝐴 𝑡𝑤∗( 12 )

• if any of the stresses at the two ends are compressive and exceed the following limit

σ > 0.2fck, Clause 10.4.1 of IS 13920:2016

boundary elements are required Clause 10.4.1 of IS 13920:2016

• If boundary elements are needed at any edge of the pier leg, calculate the length of the required
boundary element, the required longitudinal rebar, and the required transverse rebar from the
following procedure.

If boundary elements are required for any edge of a pier leg, as determined by the previous
steps, the determination of the horizontal length of the boundary and the required longitudinal
rebar is similar to the procedure that has been described in Section 2.1.2 Designing a Simplified
T and C Pier Section (clause 9.4.2 of IS 13920). Refer to that section for the details. However,
the following points should be noted.

• The boundary width determination is based on the maximum rebar density as described by
PTmax and PTmin.
• The boundary width determination is an iterative procedure.
 Shear Wall Design Report

• The boundary element axial compressive capacity is based on the "short column," for which
the capacity is given in IS 456:2000 Section 39.3.
• The Pmax factor is taken as 1 for boundary element calculation.
• The moment of resistance provided by the distributed vertical reinforcement across the wall
section is ignored.

Transverse Reinforcement for Boundary Elements

Where special boundary elements are required by IS:13920 Section 9.4, the program computes and
reports the total cross-sectional area of rectangular hoop reinforcement as follows

Note: - Design Procedure is going to be same for the Spandrel.

References: -
1) IS 456:2000
2) IS 13920: 2016
3) CSI Reference Manual for ETABS 19.1.0
4) SP24: 1983
5) SP34:1987
6) SP16:1980
7) CSI America Knowledge Base

Thank You