Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 13.1
Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the
following questions:

Q1. In the formula x a 

 fi di for finding the mean of grouped
 fi
data di‘s are the deviations from a of
(a) lower limits of the classes
(b) upper limits of the classes
(c) mid points of the classes
(d) frequencies of the class marks
Sol. (c): In the given formula, a is assumed mean from class marks (xi)
and di = xi – a
Hence, di is the deviation of class mark (mid-value) from the assumed
mean ‘a’. Hence, verifies the option (c).
Q2. While computing mean of grouped data, we assume that the
frequencies are
(a) evenly distributed over all the classes
(b) centred at the class marks of the classes
(c) centred at the upper limits of the classes
(d) centred at the lower limits of the classes.
Sol. (b): In grouping the data from ungrouped data all the observations
between lower and upper limits of class marks are taken in one group
then mid value or class mark is taken for further calculation.
Hence frequencies or observations must be centred at the class
marks of the classes.
Hence, verifies the option (b).
Q3. If xi’s are the mid points of the class intervals of grouped data, fi’s
are the corresponding frequencies and x is the mean, then  ( fi xi  x )
is equal to
(a) 0 (b) – 1 (c) 1 (d) 2
n
fi xi
Sol. (a):  x = 
i 1 n
n
  fi xi = nx (I)
i 1

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

n
 x = x  x  x   n times
i 1
n
  x = nx (II)
i 1
From (I) and (II), we have
n n
 fi xi =  x
i 1 i 1
n n
 
fi xi  x  = 0
i 1i 1
n
  ( fi xi  x ) = 0 or   fi xi  x 
0
i 1
Hence, verifies the option (a).
  fi ui 
Q4. In the formula x a  h   , for finding the mean of grouped
  fi 
frequency distribution, mi =
x a x a a  xi
(a) i (b) h(xi – a) (c) i (d)
h h h
  fi ui 
Sol. (c): x a  h  
  fi 
( x  a)
ui = i verifies the option (c).
h
Q5. The abscissa of the point of intersection of the less than type and
of the more than type cumulative frequency curves of a grouped data
gives its
(a) mean (b) median (c) mode (d) all of these
Sol. (b): The point of intersection of the less than type and of the more
than type cumulative frequency curves give the median on abscissa as
on X-axis we take the upper or lower limits respectively and on Y-axis
we take cumulative frequency.
Hence verifies the option (b).
Q6. For the following distribution:
Class 0–5 5–10 10–15 15–20 20–25
Frequency 10 15 12 20 9
the sum of lower limits of median class and modal class is
(a) 15 (b) 25 (c) 30 (d) 35

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Sol. (b):
Class Frequency Cumulative frequency
0–5 10 10
5–10 15 25
10–15 12 37
15–20 20 57
20–25 9 66
The modal class is the class having the maximum frequency.
The maximum frequency 20 belongs to class (15–20).
Here, n = 66
n 66
So, = = 33
2 2
33 lies in the class 10 – 50.
Therefore, 10 – 15 is the median class.
So, sum of lower limits of (15–20) and (10–15) is (15 + 10) = 25 verifies
the option (b).
Q7. Consider the following frequency distribution:
Class 0–5 6–11 12–17 18–23 24–29
Frequency 13 10 15 8 11
the upper limit of the median class is
(a) 7 (b) 17.5 (c) 18 (d) 18.5
Sol. (b):
Class Frequency Cumulative frequency
0.5–5.5 13 13
5.5–11.5 10 23
11.5–17.5 15 38
17.5–23.5 8 46
23.5–29.5 11 57
57  1 58
The median of 57 (odd) observations =   29th term
2 2
29th term lies in class 11.5–17.5.
So, upper limit is 17.5 verifies option (b).
Q8. For the following distribution the modal class is
(a) 10–20 (b) 20–30 (c) 30–40 (d) 50–60
Marks Number of students
Below 10 3
Below 20 12
Below 30 27
Below 40 57
Below 50 75
Below 60 80

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Sol. (c):
Marks Number of students or Frequency fi
0–10 3–0=3 3
10–20 12–3 = 9 9
20–30 27 – 12 = 15 15
30–40 57 – 27 = 30 30
40 – 50 75 – 57 = 18 18
50 – 60 80 – 75 = 5 5
Modal class has maximum frequency (30) in class 30–40.
Hence, verifies the option (c).
Q9. Consider the data
Class 65–85 85–105 105–125 125–145 145–165 165–185 185–205
Frequency 4 5 13 20 14 7 4
The difference of the upper limit of the median class and the lower
limit of the modal class is
(a) 0 (b) 19 (c) 20 (d) 38
Sol. (c):
Class Frequency Cumulative frequency
65–85 4 4
85–105 5 9
105–125 13 22
125–145 20 42
145–165 14 56
165–165 7 63
185–205 4 67
Hence, n = 67 (odd)
67  1
So, Median = = 34
2
34 lies in class 125 – 145.
So, median class is 125 – 145 and upper limit is 145.
Now, the maximum frequency is 20 and it lies in class 125 – 145 (Modal
class).
Lower limit of modal class = 125.
Hence, the required difference 145 – 125 = 20, verifies the option (c).
Q10. The times, in seconds, taken by 150 athletes to run a 110 m hurdle
race are tabulated below–
Class 13.8–14 14–14.2 14.2–14.4 14.4–14.6 14.6–14.8 14.8–15
Frequency 2 4 5 71 48 20

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

The number of athletes who completed the race in less than 14.6
seconds is:
(a) 11 (b) 71 (c) 82 (d) 130
Sol. (c): The number of athletes who completed the race in less than
14.6 sec = 2 + 4 + 5 + 71 = 82.
Hence verifies the option (c).
Q11. Consider the following distribution:
Marks obtained Number of students
More than or equal to 0 63
More than or equal to 10 58
More than or equal to 20 55
More than or equal to 30 51
More than or equal to 40 48
More than or equal to 50 42
The frequency of the class 30–40 is
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 48 (d) 51
Sol. (a):
Class Number of Students f
0–10 63 – 58 = 5 5
10–20 58 – 55 = 3 3
20–30 55 – 51 = 4 4
30–40 51 – 48 = 3 3
40–50 48 – 42 = 6 6
50–60 42 – 0 = 42 42
Hence the frequency of 30–40 class interval is 3 which verifies the option
(a).
Q12. If an event cannot occur, then its probability is
3 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 0
4 2
Sol. (d): An event that cannot occur has 0 probability, such an event
is called impossible event. Hence, (d) is the correct answer.
Q13. Which of the following cannot be the probability of an event?
17
(a) 1 (b) 0.1 (c) 3% (d)
3 16
Sol. (d): Probability of any event cannot be more than one or negative

as 17 > 1.
16
Hence, verifies the option (d).

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q14. An event is very unlikely to happen. Its probability is closest to

(a) 0.0001 (b) 0.001 (c) 0.01 (d) 0.1
Sol. (a): The probability of the event which is very unlikely to happen
will be very close to zero. So it’s probability is 0.0001 which is minimum
among the given values.
Hence, verifies the option (a).
Q15. If the probability of an event is p, then the probability of its
complementary event will be
1
(a) p – 1 (b) p (c) 1 – p (d) 1 
p
Sol. (c): Probability of an event + Probability of its complementary
event = 1
 p + Probability of complement = 1
or Probability of complement = 1 – p
Hence, verifies the option (c).
Q16. The probability expressed as a percentage of a particular
occurrence can never be
(a) less than 100 (b) less than 0
(c) greater than 1 (d) anything but a whole number
Sol. (b):  Probability lies between 0 and 1 and when it is converted
into percentage it will be between 0 and 100. So, cannot be negative.
So, verifies the option (b).
Q17. If P(A) denotes the probability of an event A, then
(a) P(A) < 0 (b) P(A) > 1
(c) 0  P(A)  1 (d) –1  P(A)  1
Sol. (c): As the probability of an event can be between 0 and 1. Hence,
verifies the option (c).
Q18. If a card is selected from a deck of 52 cards, then the probability
of its being a red face card is
3 3 2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
26 13 13 2
Sol. (a): In a deck of 52 cards, there are 26 red cards.
Number of red face cards = 3 of hearts + 3 of diamonds
= 6
6 3
So, probability of having a red face card = 
52 26
Hence, verifies the option (a).
Q19. The probability that a non leap year selected at random will
contains 53 sundays is
1 2 3 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 7 7 7

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Sol. (a): Number of days in non leap year = 365

365 1
Number of weeks =  52  52 weeks
7 7
Number of days left = 1
i.e., may be any of 7 days which from Sunday, Monday, Tuesday,
Wednesday, Thursday, Friday and Saturday so T(E) = 7
F(E) = 1 (Sunday)
F(E) 1
P(F) = 
T(E) 7
Hence, verifies option (a).
Q20. When a die is thrown, the probability of getting an odd number
less than 3 is
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
6 3 2
Sol. (a): Total number of outcomes favourable for event E are
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) i.e., T(E) = 6
A number which is odd and less than 3 is 1 so, F(E) = 1
F(E) 1
So, probability P(E) = 
T(E) 6
Hence, verifies option (a).
Q21. A card is drawn from a deck of 52 cards. The event E is that card
is not an ace of hearts. The number of outcomes favourable to E is
(a) 4 (b) 13 (c) 48 (d) 51
Sol. (d): Favourable event E is all cards except the ace of heart and ace
of heart is only one. Hence, the number of outcomes favourable for
event E are 52 – 1 = 51, verifies the option (d).
Q22. The probability of getting a bad egg in a lot of 400 is 0.035. The
number of bad eggs in the lot is
(a) 7 (b) 14 (c) 21 (d)  28
Sol. (b): T(E) = 400
Number of outcomes favourable for event E, i.e., F(E) = ?
P(F) = 0.035
F(E) F(E)
 P(F) =  0.035 
T(E) 400
So, F(E) = 0.035  400 = 14 eggs. So, the number of bad eggs are 14.
Hence, verifies the option (b).
Q23. A girl calculates that the probability of her winning the first prize
in a lottery is 0.08. If 6000 tickets are sold, how many tickets has she
bought?
(a) 40 (b) 240 (c) 480 (d) 750
Sol. (c): T(E) = 6000

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

F(E) = ?
P(F) = 0.08
F(E) F(E)
 P(F) =  0.08 
T(E) 6000
 F(E) = 6000  0.08 = 480
Hence, verifies the option (c).
Q24. One ticket is drawn at random from a bag containing tickets
numbered 1 to 40. The probability that the selected ticket has a number
which is a multiple of 5 is
1 3 4 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 5 3
Sol. (a):  T(E) = 40
Number of outcomes favourable for event E are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35,
40 i.e., F(E) = 8
F(E) 8 1
P(F) =  
T(E) 40 5
Hence, verifies option (a).
Q25. Someone is asked to take a number from 1 to 100. The probability
that it is a prime is
1 6 1 13
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 25 4 50
Sol. (c): T(E) = 100
F(E) prime numbers (2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53,
59, 61, 67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, and 97)
F(E) = 25
F(E) 25 1
P(F) =   Hence, verifies option (c).
T(E) 100 4
Q26. A school has five houses, A B, C, D and E. A class has 23 students,
4 from house A, 8 from house B, 5 from house C, 2 from house D and
rest from house E. A single student is selected at random to be the class
monitor. The probability that the selected student is not from A, B and C is
4 6 8 17
(a) (b) (c) (d)
23 23 23 23
Sol. (b): T(E) = 23
F(E) = not from A, B, C i.e. = 23 – (4 + 8 + 5)
F(E) = 23 – 17 = 6
6
 P(F) = verifies the option (b).
23

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 13.2
Q1. The median of an ungrouped data and the median calculated,
when the same data is grouped are always the same. Do you think
that this is a correct statement? Give reason.

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Sol. The median of an ungrouped data and the median calculated

when the same data is grouped are not always the same because the
median for ungrouped data is calculated by arranging the data in
increasing or decreasing order. But for calculating the median of a
grouped data, the formula used is based on the assumption that the
observations are uniformly distributed in the classes.
Q2. In calculating the mean of grouped data, grouped in classes of
equal width, we may use the formula

x a 
 fi di
 fi
where a = assumed mean.
a must be one of the mid-points of the classes. Is the last statement
correct? Justify your answer.
Sol. Not always. Assumed mean can be considered any convenient
number which makes calculation easy.
Q3. Is it true to say that the mean, mode and median of grouped data
will always be different? Justify your answer.
Sol. Not always. The median, mean and mode can be the same.
They may be equal if number of observations are odd and are equispaced.
Q4. Will the median class and modal class of grouped data always be
different? Justify your answer.
Sol. The median and modal class may be same if modal class is median
class which is not always possible as the number of frequencies may
be maximum in any class.
So given statement is not true.
Q5. In a family having three children, there may be no girl, one girl,
two girls or three girls. So, the probability of each is 1/4. Is this correct?
Justify your answer.
Sol. False: In a family of three children events are (b, b, b,) (g, b, b),
(g, g, b), (g, g, g)
T(E) = 4
The probability of each is not 1/4, because the outcomes are not equally
likely.
Q6. A game consists of spinning an arrow
which comes to rest pointing at one of the
regions (1, 2, or 3) see figure. Are the o utcomes 1 2
1, 2 and 3 equally likely to occur? Give reason.
Sol. The area of region 3 is double either of
1 or 2 and area of 1 and 2 are equal so no. of 3
outcomes (or probability) of region 3 is double
of either 1 or 2.
So the outcomes of 1, 2, 3 are not equally likely to occur.

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q7. Apoorv throws two dice once and compules the product of the
numbers appearing on the dice. Peehu throws one die and squares
the number that appears on it. Who has better chance of getting the
number 36? Why?
Sol. For Apoorv T(E) = 36
Favourable is only (6, 6) i.e., F(E) = 1
F(E) 1
then P(F) by Apoorv = 
T(E) 36
Now for Peehu T(E) = 6
F(E) = 1
F (E) 1
P(A) = 
T (E) 6
1 1
>
6 36
 P(A) > P(A)
Hence, Peehu has the better chance.
Q8. When we toss a coin, there are two possible outcomes—head or tail.
Therefore, the probability of each outcome is 1/2. Justify your answer.
Sol. There are two outcomes of equally in all manner. So probability
of both head and tail are equal to 1/2 each.
Hence, the given statement is true.
Q9. A student says that if you throw a die, it will show up 1 or not 1.
Therefore, the probability of getting 1 and the probability of getting
not 1 each is equal to 1/2. Is this correct? Give reason.
Sol. A dice can be thrown in 6 different equally likely ways. Possible
outcomes are given by S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
1 5
P(getting 1) = and P(not getting 1) = .
6 6
Hence, the given statement is not correct.
Q10. I toss three coins together. The possible outcomes are no heads,
1 head, 2 heads and 3 heads. So, I say that probability of no heads is
1/4. What is wrong with this conclusion?
Sol. Three coins are tossed together.
Total outcomes T(E) = 23 = 8
(T T H), (T H H), (H T H), (H H T), (H T T), (T H T) and (H H H),
(T T T), so, the number of favourable outcomes for event (getting no
head) = 1
1
 Probability (getting no head) =
8
 1 1
Hence the given statement is wrong   .
 8 4

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q11. If you toss a coin 6 times and it comes down head on each occasion.
Can you say that the probability of getting a head is 1? Given reasons.
Sol. A coin is tossed 6 times so
T(E) = 6
In total six events, number of outcomes for getting head are 3 so
F(E) = 3 again
3 1
P(F) getting head = 
6 2
Hence, the given statement is false.
Q12. Sushma tosses a coin 3 times and gets tail each time. Do you
think that the outcome of next toss will be tail? Give reasons?
Sol. As the coin is tossed 3 times and gets tail each time but it is not
necessary that 4th time will be tail it may be either tail or head in any
further toss.
Hence, the given statement is false.
Q13. If I toss a coin 3 times and get head each time, should I except a
tail to have a higher chance in the 4th toss? Give reason in support of
your answer.
Sol. As we know that a coin has two equal chances always either head
or tail. So next time on tossing he can get either tail or head.
So, the given statement is false.
Q14. A bag contains slips numbered from 1 to 100. If Fatima chooses
a slip at random from the bag, it will either be an odd number or an
even number. Since this situation has only two possible outcomes, so,
the probability of each is 1/2. Justify.
Sol. From 1 to 100 numbers, there are 50 even and 50 odd numbers.
Total number of outcomes T(E) = 100
Number of outcomes favourable for event E = F(E) = 50
50 1
So, P(F) = 
100 2 1
Similarly, the probability of getting odd numbers is . Hence the
2
probability of getting odd and even each is . Hence, the given
statement is true.

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 13.3
Q1. Find the mean of the distribution:
Class 1–3 3–5 5–7 7–10
Frequency 9 22 27 17
Sol.
Class Class mark (xi) Frequency (fi) fi xi
1–3 2 9 18
3–5 4 22 88

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

5–7 6 27 162
7–10 8.5 17 144.5
S fi = 75 S fixi = 412.5

Mean x =
fi xi 412.5
 5.5
 fi 75
Hence, the mean of the given distribution is 5.5.
Q2. Calculate the mean of the scores of 20 students in a mathematics test:
Marks 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60
No. of students 2 4 7 6 1
Sol.
Marks Class Mark (xi) No. of students (fi) fi xi
10–20 15 2 30
20–30 25 4 100
30–40 35 7 245
40–50 45 6 270
50–60 55 1 55
S fi = 20 Sfixi = 700

 Means x =
 f
i xi 700
 35
 fi 20
Q3. Calculate the mean of the following data:
Class 4–7 8–11 12–15 16–19
Frequency 5 4 9 10

Sol. Class marks of these classes are same, so no need to convert given
data to continuous.
Class Class marks (xi) di = xi – a Frequency (fi) fi di
4–7 5.5 – 4 5 – 20
8–11 9.5 = a 0 4 0
12–15 13.5 + 4 9 36
16–19 17.5 + 8 10 80
Sfi = 28 Sfidi = 96
a = assumed mean,  di = deviation from mean

x = a 
 fi di  9.5 
96
 9.5  3.43
 fi 28
  x = 12.93
Hence, the mean = 12.93.

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q4. The following table gives the number of pages written by Sarika
for completing her own book for 30 days:
No. of pages written per day 16–18 19–21 22–24 25–27 28–30
No. of days 1 3 4 9 13
Find the mean number of pages written per day.
Sol. No need to change the class-intervals into continuous intervals as
Class marks of continuous and discontinuous classes are same. di is
deviation from assumed mean.
Class Mid Value di = (xi – a) No. of days fidi
interval (xi) (fi)
16–18 17 – 6 1 – 6
19–21 20 – 3 3 –9
22–24 a = 23 0 4 0
25–27 26 3 9 27
28–30 29 6 13 78
Sfi = 30 Sfidi = 90
a = assumed mean,  a = 23
 fi di
x = a 
 fi
90
= 23   23  3  26
30
\ x = 26
Hence, the mean of pages written per day is 26.
Q5. The daily income of a sample of 50 employees are tabulated as
follows:
Income (in `) 1–200 201–400 401–600 601–800
No. of employees 14 15 14 7
Find the mean daily income of employees.
Sol. No need to convert discontinuous classes into continuous for
class mark because class mark of both C.I. are same and gives same
result of x.
C.I. xi di = (xi – a) fi f id i
1–200 100.5 – 200 14 – 2800
201–400 300.5 = a 0 15 0
401–600 500.5 + 200 14 2800
601–800 700.5 + 400 7 2800
Sfi = 50 fidi = 2800

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

a = assumed mean di = xi – a
Let a = 300.5

 x = a 
 fi di  300.5  2800  ` 356.5
 fi 50
x = ` 356.5
Hence, the average daily income of employees is ` 356.5.
Q6. An aircraft has 120 passenger seats. The number of seats occupied
during 100 flights is given in the following table:
No. of seats 100–104 104–108 108–112 112–116 116–120
Frequency 15 20 32 18 15
Determine the mean number of seats occupied over the flights.
Sol. Let a = assumed mean
di = deviation of xi from assumed mean = xi  a
fi = frequencies (No. of passengers)
C.I. = Number of seats occupied in that flight
xi = Class mark of ith C.I.
C.I. xi di= (xi – a) fi f id i
100–104 102 – 8 15 – 120
104–108 106 – 4 20 – 80
108–112 110 = a 0 32 0
112–116 114 4 18 72
116–120 118 8 15 120
Sfi = 100 Sfidi = – 8
Here, a = 110

x = a 
 fi di  110 
8
 110  0.08
 fi 100
x = 109.92, but, seat cannot be in decimal, so,
 x = 109
Hence, the mean number of seats occupied over the flights is 109.
Q7. The weights (in kg) of 50 wrestlers are recorded in the following table:
Weight in Kg 100–110 110–120 120–130 130–140 140–150
No. of Wrestlers 4 14 21 8 3
Find the mean weight of wrestlers.
Sol. a = assumed mean from xi (weight in kg) = 125
xi = class mark of classes (in kg)
di = deviation of xi from a = (xi – a) (kg)
fi = frequency (no. of wrestlers)
(C.I.) class interval = Number of wrestlers

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

C.I. xi di = (xi – a) fi fidi

100–110 105 – 20 4 – 80
110–120 115 – 10 14 – 140
120–130 125 = a 0 21 0
130–140 135 10 8 80
140–150 145 20 3 60
fi = 50 fidi = – 80
a = 125 kg

x = a 
 fi di
 fi
(  80) 8
x = 125   125   125  1.6
50 5
 x = 123.4 kg
Hence, the mean weight of wrestlers = 123.4 kg
Q8. The mileage (km/litre) of 50 cars of the same model was tested by
a manufacturer and details are tabulated as given below:
Mileage (km/l) 10–12 12–14 14–16 16–18
Number of cars (fi) 7 12 18 13
Find the mean mileage.
The manufacturer claimed that the mileage of the model was 16 km L–1.
Do you agree with this claim?
Sol. di = xi – a
xi = class mark and a = assumed mean.
C.I. xi di = (xi – a) fi fi d i
10–12 11 – 2 7 – 14
12–14 13 = a 0 12 0
14–16 15 2 18 36
16–18 17 4 13 52
fi = 50 fidi = 74
a = 13

x = a 
 fi di 74
13 
 = 13 + 1.48 = 14.48 km L–1
 fi 50
Hence, mean mileage of car is 14.48 km/litre.
So, the manufacturer’s is statement is wrong that mileage is 16 km L–1.
Q9. The following is the distribution of weights (in kg) of 40 persons.
Weight (in kg) 40–45 45–50 50–55 55–60 60–65 65–70 70–75 75–80
No. of person 4 4 13 5 6 5 2 1

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Construct a cumulative frequency distribution (of the less than type)

table for the above data.
Sol.
C.I. fi Weight (in kg) Cumulative frequency
40–45 4 less than 45 4+0=4
45–50 4 less than 50 4+4=8
50–55 13 less than 55 13 + 8 = 21
55–60 5 less than 60 5 + 21 = 26
60–65 6 less than 65 6 + 26 = 32
65–70 5 less than 70 5 + 32 = 37
70–75 2 less than 75 2 + 37 = 39
75–80 1 less than 80 1 + 39 = 40
Q10. The following table show the cumulative frequency distribution
of marks of 800 students in an examination:
Marks Number of Students Marks Number of Students
Below 10 10 Below 60 570
Below 20 50 Below 70 670
Below 30 130 Below 80 740
Below 40 270 Below 90 780
Below 50 440 Below 100 800
Construct a frequency distribution table for the data above.
Sol.
Marks Number of students C.I. (Marks) Frequency
Below 10 10 0–10 10 – 0 = 10
Below 20 50 10–20 50–10 = 40
Below 30 130 20–30 130–50 = 80
Below 40 270 30–40 270–130 = 140
Below 50 440 40–50 440 – 270 = 170
Below 60 570 50–60 570 – 440 = 130
Below 70 670 60–70 670–570 = 100
Below 80 740 70–80 740 – 670 = 70
Below 90 780 80–90 780 – 740 = 40
Below 100 800 90–100 800–780 = 20
Q11. Form the frequency distribution table from the following data:
Marks (out of 90) Number of students (c.f)
More than or equal to 80 4
More than or equal to 70 6
More than or equal to 60 11

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

More than or equal to 50 17

More than or equal to 40 23
More than or equal to 30 27
More than or equal to 20 30
More than or equal to 10 32
More than or equal to 0 34
Sol.
Marks (out of 90) No. of Students C.I. No. of Students (fi)
More than or equal to 0 34 0–10 34 – 32 = 2
More than or equal to 10 32 10–20 32 – 30 = 2
More than or equal to 20 30 20–30 30 – 27 = 3
More than or equal to 30 27 30–40 27 – 23 = 4
More than or equal to 40 23 40–50 23 – 17 = 6
More than or equal to 50 17 50–60 17 – 11 = 6
More than or equal to 60 11 60–70 11 – 6 = 5
More than or equal to 70 6 70–80 6 – 4 = 2
More than or equal to 80 4 80–90 4 – 0 = 4
Q12. Find the unknown entries a, b, c, d e and f in the following
distribution of heights of students in a class.
Height (in cm) Frequency Cumulative frequency
150–155 12 a
155–160 b 25
160–165 10 c
165–170 d 43
170–175 e 48
175–180 2 f
Total 50
Sol.
Height (in cm) Frequency (fi) c.f. (given) c.f. calculated from (fi)
150–155 12 a 12
155–160 b 25 12 + b
160–165 10 c 12 + b + 10
165–170 d 43 22 + b + d
170–175 e 48 22 + b + d + e
175–180 2 f 22 + 2 + b + d + e

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

12 + b = 25  b = 25 – 12 = 13  b = 13
c = 12 + b + 10 = 12 + 13 + 10 = 35  c = 35
22 + b + d = 43  d = 43 – 22 – b = 21 – 13 = 8  d = 8
22 + b + d + e = 48  e = 48 – 22 – 13 – 8 = 48 – 43 = 5  e = 5
f = 24 + b + d + e = 24 + 13 + 8 + 5 = 24 + 26 = 50  f = 50
Q13. The following are the ages of 300 patients getting medical
treatment in a hospital on a particular day:
Age (in years) 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60 60–70
No. of patients 60 42 55 70 53 20
Form
(i) less than type cumulative frequency distribution.
(ii) more than type cumulative frequency distribution.
Sol. (i) For less than type cumulative frequency (c.f.), it is clear from
the table that patients less than 10 years of age are zero and less than
20 years are 60, and for less than 30 it will include from 10 – 30 (i.e., 60
+ 42) i.e. less than 30 are 102 and so on.
(ii) For more than type c.f. the Ist C.I. is 10–20 so more than 10 will
include all 300 patients or from the last C.I. (60–70) we observe that
patients more than or equal to 70 are zero, more than 60 or equal to 60
patient are 20, and more than or equal to 50 are 20 + 53 = 73 and so on.
Less than type More than type
Age of Patients Number of Age of Patients
(in years) Patients (in years)
Less than 10 0 More than or equal to 10 60 + 240 = 300
Less than 20 60 + 0 = 60 More than or equal to 20 42 + 198 = 240
Less than 30 42 + 60 = 102 More than or equal to 30 55 + 143 = 198
Less than 40 55 + 102 = 157 More than or equal to 40 70 + 73 = 143
Less than 50 70 + 157 = 227 More than or equal to 50 53 + 20 = 73
Less than 60 53 + 227 = 280 More than or equal to 60 20 + 0 = 20
Less than 70 20 + 280 = 300 More than or equal to 70 0 = 0
Q14. Given below is a cumulative frequency distribution showing the
marks secured by 50 students of a class:
Marks Below 20 Below 40 Below 60 Below 80 Below 100
No. of students 17 22 29 37 50
Form the frequency distribution table for the data.
Sol. Class size is 40 – 20 = 20
So below 20 means C.I. is 0 – 20 and frequency is 17.
Frequency 22 includes 0 – 20 and 20 – 40 both class intervals.
Hence, the frequency between 20–40 is (22 – 17) = 5
Frequency 29 includes all 0–10, 10–20 and 20–60 class intervals.
So, 40–60 = 29 – 22 = 7

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Marks (C.I.) Number of students (fi)

0–20 17 – 0 = 17
20–40 22 – 17 = 5
40–60 29 – 22 = 7
60–80 37 – 29 = 8
80–100 50 – 37 = 13
Q15. Weekly income of 600 families is tabulated below:
Weekly income (in `) Number of families
0–1000 250
1000–2000 190
2000–3000 100
3000–4000 40
4000–5000 15
5000–6000 5
Total 600
Compute the median income.
Sol. For calculating the median of grouped data, we first form c.f. table.
Weekly income No. of c.f.
(`) families fi
0–1000 250 250
1000–2000 190 440
2000–3000 100 540
3000–4000 40 580
4000–5000 15 595
5000–6000 5 600
The median of 600 (even) obser. = mean of 300 and 301 obs.
= Median lies in range (1000–2000)
So Median class = 1000 – 2000
n
l    c. f .  h
2 
Median = ,
f
where,
l = lower limit of median class = 1000
n = Total no. of observations = 600
c.f. = c.f. preceding the median class = 250
h = the class size = 2000 – 1000 = 1000
f = frequency of median class = 190

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 600 
  250  1000
2 
 Median = 1000 
190
 50 
= 1000 1   1000 [1  0.26315]
 190 
= 1000 [1.26315] = 1263.15
Hence, the median income of family is ` 1263.15 per week.
Q16. The maximum bowling speeds, in km per hour, of 33 players at
a cricket coaching centre are given as follows.
Speed (in km/h) 85–100 100–115 115–130 130–145
Number of players 11 9 8 5
Calculate the median bowling speed.
Sol. To calculate median we form c.f. table.
Speed (in km/h) (C.I.) No. of players (fi) c.f.
85–100 11 11
100–115 9 20
115–130 8 28
130–145 5 33
N = No. of observations = 33.
33  1 34
Median obs. of 33 odd observations =   17th obs .
2 2
17th obs. lies in class 100–115
 l = 100, f = 9, c.f. = 11, h = 100 – 85 = 15
 N  c. f . h
 
\ Median = l  2
f
 33  11 15
 2  16.5  11 15
= 100  100 
9 9
5.5  15 82.5
= 100   100
9 9
= 100 + 9.166 = 109.17 km/h
Hence, the median bowling speed is 109.17 km/h.
Q17. The monthly income of 100 families are given below:
Income (in `) Number of families Income (in `) Number of families
0–5000 8 20000–25000 3
5000–10000 26 25000–30000 3
10000–15000 41 30000–350000 2
15000–20000 16 35000–40000 1
Calculate the modal income.

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Sol. For modal income, we have to calculate mode.

 f1  f0 
The mode of grouped data = l   h
 2 f1  f0  f2 
Modal class = class having maximum frequency i.e., 41 is class
(10000–15000)
f0 = frequency preceding the modal class = 26
f1 = frequency of modal class = 41
f2 = frequency of class succeeding the modal class = 16
l = lower limit of modal class = 10000
h = 5000
(41  26) 5000
 Mode = 10000 
2  41  26  16
= 5000  2  15  5000  2  15 
 82  42   40 

= 5000 [2 + 0.375] = 5000  2.375 = 11875
Hence, the modal income is ` 11,875 per month.
Q18. The weight of coffee in 70 packets are shown in the following table.
Weight (in g) 200–201 201–202 202–203 203–204 204–205 205–206
No. of packets 12 26 20 9 2 1
Determine the modal weight.
Sol.
C.I. (fi) C.I. (fi)
200–201 12 203–204 9
201–202 26 204–205 2
202–203 20 205–206 1
Modal class = (201–202) [ maximum frequency is 26]
f0 = 12
f1 = 26
f2 = 20
h = 201 – 200 = 1
l = 201
( f1  f0 ) h
\ Mode = l 
(2 f1  f0  f2 )
(26  12)  1 14
Mode = 201  201 

(2  26  12  20) (52  32)
14
= 201   201  0.7
20
Mode = 201.7
Hence, the modal weight is 201.7 g.

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q19. Two dice are thrown at the same time. Find the probability of getting
(i) same number on both dice.
(ii) different numbers on both dice.
Sol. (i) Let E be the event of getting same number on both dice.
Total number of all possible outcomes T(E) = 36
No. of outcomes favourable to E, F(E) = 6
F(E) are (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)
F(E) 6 1

\ P(E) =  =
T(E) 36 6
(ii) Probability of getting different number on both the dice
= 1 – Probability of getting same number on both the dice
1 5

 = 1  
6 6
Q20. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability that
the sum of the numbers appearing on the dice is
(i) 7? (ii) a prime number? (iii) 1?
Sol. Total number of all positive outcomes when two dice are thrown
simultaneously T(E) = 36
(i) The sum of the numbers appearing on both dice is 7. So,
combinations are (1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4), (4, 3), (5, 2) and (6, 1)

 F(E) = 6
F(E) 6 1

\ Required probability = P(E) =  
T(E) 36 6
(ii) Sum of numbers on both dice is a prime number, i.e., (1, 1), (1, 2),
(1, 4), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 2), (3, 4), (4, 1), (4, 3), (5, 2),
(5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 5)
Hence, number of outcomes favourable to E = F(E) = 15
F(E) 15 5

 P(F) =  
T(E) 36 12
(iii) Sum of two numbers on both dice 1, F(E) = 0

\ P(F) = 0
Q21. Two dice are thrown together. Find the probability that the
product of the numbers on the top of dice is
(i) 6 (ii) 12 (iii) 7
Sol. Main concept: The two dice are not identical, so, (4, 3) and (3, 4)
will be different outcomes.
To get favourable outcomes: Choose I entry from 1 to 6, then place
1 to 6 at IInd place if given condition satisfies.
Total number of all possible outcomes if two dice are thrown together
= T(E) = 36

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

(i) Let E be the event of getting the product on 6.

Number of outcomes favourable to event E are (1, 6), (2, 3), (3, 2),
(6, 1), F(E) = 4
F(E) 4 1

 P(E) =  
T(E) 36 9
(ii) Number of outcomes favourable when product of numbers on
both dice is 12, (2, 6), (3, 4), (4, 3), (6, 2)

 F(E) = 4
F(E) 4 1

 P(E) =  
T(E) 36 9
(iii) Let E be the event of getting the product of numbers on both dice
is 7

\ F(E) = 0

 P(E) = 0
Q22. Two dice are thrown at the same time and the product of the
numbers appearing on them is noted. Find the probability that the
product is less than 9.
Sol. Total number of all possible outcomes when two dice thrown
together T(E) = 36
Product of the numbers on both dice is less than 9 so favourable
outcomes are (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 2), (5, 1), (6, 1)
 F(E) = 16
F(E) 16 4
 P(E) =  
T(E) 36 9
Q23. Two dice are numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3 respectively.
They are thrown and the sum of the numbers on them is noted. Find
the probability of getting each sum from 2 to 9 separately.
Sol. Total number of all possible outcomes, i.e., T(E) = 36.
(i) Number of favourable outcomes when
Sum of numbers on two dice is 2 are (1, 1), (1, 1) i.e., F(E) = 2
F(E) 2 1
P1(E) =  
T(E) 36 18
(ii) Number of favourable outcomes when
Sum of numbers on two dice is 3 are (1, 2), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 1)

\ F(E) = 4
F(E) 4 1

 P2(E) =  
T(E) 36 9
(iii) Number of favourable outcomes when
Sum of numbers on two dice is 4 are (1, 3), (1, 3), (2, 2), (2, 2),
(3, 1), (3, 1)

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

F(E) = 6.
F(E) 6 1

\ P3(E) =  
T(E) 36 6
(iv) Number of favourable outcomes when
Sum of numbers on two dice is 5 are (2, 3), (2, 3), (3, 2), (3, 2),
(4, 1), (4, 1)
F(E) = 6
F(E) 6 1

\ P4(E) =  
T(E) 36 6
(v) Number of favourable outcomes when
Sum of numbers on two dice is 6 i.e., (3, 3), (3, 3), (4, 2), (4, 2),
(5, 1), (5, 1)
F(E) = 6
F(E) 6 1

 P5(E) =  
T(E) 36 6
(vi) Number of favourable outcomes when
Sum of numbers on both dice is 7 are (4, 3), (4, 3) (6, 1), (6, 1),
(5, 2), (5, 2)
F(E) = 6
F(E) 6 1
P6(E) =  
T(E) 36 6
(vii) Number of favourable outcomes when
Sum of numbers on both dice is 8 are (5, 3), (5, 3), (6, 2), (6, 2)
F(E) = 4
F(E) 4 1

\ P7(E) =  
T(E) 36 9
(viii) Number of favourable outcomes when
Sum of numbers on both dice is 9 are (6, 3), (6, 3) i.e., F(E) = 2
F(E) 2 1

\ P8(E) =  
T(E) 36 18
Q24. A coin is tossed two times. Find the probability of getting almost
one head.
Sol. Total number of possible outcomes if a coin is tossed 2 times
(HH), (HT), (TH), (TT) i.e., T(E) = 22 = 4
No. of favourable outcomes of getting almost one head i.e.,
F(E) = 3
F(E) 3
\ P(E) = =
T(E) 4
Q25. A coin is tossed 3 times. List the possible outcomes, find the
probability of getting
(i) all heads (ii) at least two heads

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Sol. Total number of possible outcomes when if a coin is tossed

Number of favourable outcomes of getting (HHH), (HHT), (HTH),
(THH) (TTT) (TTH) (THT) (HTT) so T(E) = 8
(i) All head i.e., F(E) = 1
F(E) 1

 P(E) = 
T(E) 8
(ii) Number of favourable outcomes of getting at least 2 heads
F(E) = 4
F(E) 4 1

\ P(E) =  
T(E) 8 2
Q26. Two dice are thrown at the same time. Determine the probability
that the difference of the numbers on the two dice is 2.
Sol. Total number of possible outcomes when 2 dice (option 6 each)
are tossed together = 62 = 36
\ T(E) = 36
Number of favourable outcomes of getting the difference of the
numbers as (1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 5), (4, 6), (3, 1), (4, 2), (5, 3), (6, 4)
\ F(E) = 8
F(E) 8 2
 P(E) =  
T(E) 36 9
Q27. A bag contains 10 red, 5 blue and 7 green balls. A ball is drawn at
random, Find the probability of this ball being a
(i) red ball (ii) green ball (iii) not a blue ball
Sol. No. of red balls = 10
Number of blue balls = 5
Number of green balls = 7
Total number of balls T(E) = (10 + 5 + 7) = 22
(i) Number of favourable outcomes of getting a red ball = F(E) = 10
F(E) 10 5

\ P(E) =  
T(E) 22 11
(ii) Number of favourable outcomes of getting a green ball = F(E) = 7
F(E) 7

\ P(E) = 
T(E) 22
(iii) Number of favourable outcomes of not getting a blue ball
= F(E) = 22– 5 = 17
F(E) 17

\ P(E) = =
T(E) 22
Q28. The King, Queen, and Jack of clubs are removed from a deck of 52
playing cards and then well shuffled. Now one card is drawn at random
from the remaining cards. Determine the probability that the card is
(i) a heart (ii) a king

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Sol. Total number of cards after removing King, Queen and Jack of club
T(E) = 52 – 3 = 49
(i) Number of favourable outcomes of getting a card of heart (any)
= F(E) = 13
F(E) 13

\ P1(E) = =
T(E) 49
(ii) Number of favourable outcomes of getting a card of King i.e.,
F(E) = (4 –1) = 3
F(E) 3

\ P2(E) = 
T(E) 49
Q29. Refer to Q. 28. What is the probability that the card is
(i) a club? (ii) 10 of heart?
Sol. Total number of cards = T(E) = 52 – 3 = 49
(i) Number of favourable outcomes of getting a club
F(E) = 13 – 3 = 10
F(E) 10

\ P(E) = 
T(E) 49
(ii) Number of favourable outcomes of getting 10 of heart F(E) = 1
F(E) 1

\ P(E) = =
T(E) 49
Q30. All the jacks, queens and kings are removed from a deck of 52
playing cards. The remaining cards are well shuffled and then one
card is drawn at random. Giving ace a value 1, similar value for other
cards, find the probability that the card has a value
(i) 7 (ii) greater than 7 (iii) less than 7
Sol. Out of 52 playing cards, 4 Jacks, 4 queens and 4 kings are removed.
\ Total number of cards removed = 3  4 =12
Total number of cards remained = 52 – 12 = 40
\ T(E) = 40
As ace has been given value 1, and similar value for other cards.
So, all the four aces are numbered by 1 and so on.
(i) Number of favourable outcomes of getting a card that has a
value 7 = 4

 F(E) = 4
F(E) 4 1

\ P1(E) =  
T(E) 40 10
(ii) The numbers greater than 7 are 8, 9, and 10
So, number of favourable outcomes of getting a card that has a
value of greater than 7 = 3  4 = 12

\ F2(E) = 12
F2 (E) 12 3

\ P2(E) =  
T(E) 40 10

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

(iii) The numbers less than 7 are = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

So, number of favourable outcomes of getting a card that was a
value less than 7 = F3(E) = 6  4 = 24
F3 (E) 24 3
 P3(E) =  
T(E) 40 5
Q31. An integer is chosen between 0 and 100. What is the probability
that it is
(i) divisible by 7? (ii) not divisible by 7?
Sol. (i) Numbers between 0 and 100 divisible by 7 are 7, 14, 21, …., 98
= (AP)
Here,  an = 98,   a = 7,   d = 7
an = a + (n – 1) d
 98 = 7 + (n – 1) 7
 98 – 7 = (n – 1) 7
91
 = (n – 1)
7
 (n – 1) = 13
 n = 13 + 1 = 14
\ F(E) = 14 and T(E) = 99
14
\ P(E) =
99
(ii) Number of favourable outcomes of getting a number which is
not divisible by 7 = 99 – 14 = 85
\ F(E) = 85
F(E) 85
\ P(E) = 
T(E) 99
Q32. Cards with numbers 2 to 101 are placed in a box. A card is
selected at random. Find the probability that the card has
(i) an even number (ii) a square number
Sol. (i) Total number of the cards (101 – 1) = 100
\ T(E) = 100
Out of 100 cards, even number cards are 50
\ F(E) = 50
F(E) 50 1
\ P(E) =  
T(E) 100 2
(ii) Square numbers from 2 to 101 are 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100

\ F(E) = 9
F(E) 9

\ P(E) = 
T(E) 100

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q33. A letter of English alphabets is chosen at random. Determine the

probability that the letter is a consonant.
Sol. In 26 English alphabets there are 5 vowels and 21 consonants.
So, number of favourable outcomes of getting a consonant i.e., F(E) = 21
Total alphabets = T(E) = 26
F(E) 21
\ Probability (getting a consonant) = 
T(E) 26
Q34. There are 1000 sealed envelopes in a box, 10 of them contain a
cash prize of ` 100 each, 100 of them contain a cash prize of ` 50 each
and 200 of them contain a cash prize of ` 10 each and rest do not
contain any cash prize. If they are well shuffled and an envelope is
picked up out, what is the probability that it contains no cash prize?
Sol. Total number of envelopes, T(E) = 1000
Number of envelopes containing cash prizes = 200 + 100 + 10 = 310
So, number of envelopes containing no cash prize = 1000 – 310 = 690
i.e., F(E) = 690
 Probability of getting an envelope of no cash prize = P(E)
F(E) 690 69
=  
T(E) 1000 100
Q35. Box ‘A’ contains 25 slips of which 19 are marked ` 1 and other are
marked ` 5 each. Box B contains 50 slips of which 45 are marked ` 1
each and others are marked ` 13 each. Slip of both boxes are poured
into a third box and reshuffled. A slip is drawn at random. What is the
probability that it is marked other than ` 1.
Sol. Total number of slips poured in third box = 25 + 50 = 75
\ T(E) = 75
Number of slips in third box marked ` 1 = 19 + 45 = 64
Hence, the number of favourable outcomes of drawing a slip from
IIIrd box other than ` 1
= 75 – 64 = 11
\ F(E) = 11
F(E) 11
\ Required probability P(E) = 
T(E) 75
Q36. A carton of 24 bulbs contain 6 defective bulbs one bulb is drawn
at random. What is the probability that the bulb is not defective? If
the bulb selected is defective and it is not replaced and a second bulb
is selected at random from the rest, what is the probability that the
second bulb is defective?
Sol. Total bulbs in carton = 24  T(E) = 24
Defective bulbs = 6
Number of favourable outcomes of drawing a bulb which is not
defective = 24 – 6 = 18  F(E) = 18

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

F(E) 18 3
\ Probability that bulb is not defective = P(E) = = 
T(E) 24 4
According to the question selected bulb is defective and not replaced.
So, the total remaining bulb = 23  T(E) = 23
Number of favourable outcomes of drawing a second defective
bulb i.e., F(E) = 6 – 1 = 5
F (E) 5
\ P(E) = 
T (E) 23
Q37. A child’s game has 8 triangles of which 3 are blue and rest are
red, and 10 squares of which 6 are blue and rest are red. One piece is
lost at random. Find the probability that it is a
(i) triangle (ii) square
(iii) square of blue colour (iv) triangle of red colour
Sol. Total no. of triangles = 8
Triangles with blue colour = 3
Triangles with red colour = 8 – 3 = 5
Total no. of squares = 10
Squares with blue colour = 6
Squares with red colour = 10 – 6 = 4
(i) Number of favourable outcomes for the event that lost figure is
triangle
i.e.,
F(E) = 8
Total figures (square and triangle) = 8 + 10 = 18
i.e.,
T(E) = 18
F(E) 8 4

 Probability (getting a triangle) P(E) =  
T(E) 18 9
(ii) Number of favourable outcomes for the events that squares is
lost
i.e.,
F(E) = 10
T(E) = 8 + 10 = 18
10 5

 P (getting a square) = P(E) = 
18 9
(iii) Number of favourable outcomes for the events that lost figure
is square of blue colour
i.e.,
F(E) = 6
T(E) = 18
F(E)
  P(E) (getting a blue square) =
T(E)
6 1

 P(E) = 
18 3
(iv) Number of favourable outcomes for the event that lost figure is
triangle of red colour = 5

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

i.e., F(E) = 5
T(E) = 18
F(E) 5

 P(E) = 
T(E) 18
Q38. In a game, the entry fee is ` 5. The game consists of a tossing a
coin 3 times. If one or two heads show, Sweta gets her entry fee back.
If she throws 3 heads, she receives double entry fees. Otherwise she
will lose. For tossing a coin three times, find the probability that she
(i) loses the entry fee (ii) gets double entry fee
(iii) just gets her entry fee
Sol. One coin is tossed 3 times so total number of favourable outcomes
= 23 = 8, which are (HHH), (HHT), (HTH), (THH) and (replacing H  T
and T  H) (TTT), (TTH), (THT), (HTT)
(i) Losing the game means getting no head
Number of favourable outcomes of getting no head = F(E) = 1
F(E) 1
So, P (Losing the entry fee) i.e., P(E) = =
T(E) 8
(ii) Gets double entry fee back by getting 3 heads
Number of favourable outcomes of getting 3 heads i.e., F(E) = 1
F(E) 1

\  (getting double entry fee) P(E) = =
T(E) 8
(iii) Just gets her entry fees back by getting either one or two heads.
Number of favourable outcomes of getting either one or two
heads i.e., F(E) = 6
F(E) 6
(just getting entry fee) i.e., P(E) = 
T(E) 8
3

\ P(E) =
4
Q39. A die has six faces marked 0, 1, 1, 1, 6, 6. Two such dice are thrown
together and total scores are recorded.
(i) How many different scores are possible?
(ii) What is the probability of getting a total of 7?
Sol. Total number of possible outcomes = 62 = 36
(i) Number of favourable outcomes are (0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 6), (1, 0),
(1, 1), (1, 6), (6, 0), (6, 1), (6, 6) i.e., 9.
Total of both numbers are 0, 1, 6, 2, 7, 12
So, 6 differentiate scores are possible.
(ii) Number of favourable outcomes for getting a total of 7 are 2

 F(E) = 2

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

F(E)
Probability of getting sum 7 =
T(E)
Total no. of all possible outcomes of getting sum either
(0, 1, 2, 6, 7 and 12) = 6
2 1
\ (sum of numbers on both dice is 7) = 

6 3
1
Hence, the probability of getting sum on both dice 7 is =
3
Q40. A lot consists of 48 mobile phones of which 42 are good, 3 have
only minor defects and 3 have major defects. Varnika will buy a
phone, if it is good, but the trader will only buy a mobile, if it has no
major defect. One phone is selected at random from the lot. What is
probability that it is
(i) Acceptable to Varnika?
(ii) Acceptable to trader?
Sol. Total number of mobile phones = T(E) = 48
(i) Let E be the event that Varnika’s selected mobile should be good.

\ Number of favourable outcomes for event E = F(E) = 42
F(E) 42 7

 P (for good mobile) =  =
T(E) 48 8
(ii) Trader buys a phone which has no major defect.
No. of phones with major defect = 3

 Phones which do not have major defects = 48 – 3 = 45

 F(E) = 45
F(E) 45 15

 P(E) =  
T(E) 48 16
Q41. A bag contains 24 balls of which x are red, 2x are white and 3x
are blue. A ball is selected at random. What is the probability that it is
(i) not red (ii) white
Sol. Total number of balls = 24
Number of red balls = x
Number of white balls = 2x
Number of blue balls = 3x
Total balls = 24
\ 1x + 2x + 3x = 24
 6x = 24
 x = 4
So, Number of red balls = x = 1  4 = 4
Number of white balls = 2x = 2  4 = 8
Number of blue balls = 3x = 3  4 = 12

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

(i) Randomly selected ball is not red

\ Number of favourable outcomes for the event that ball is
not red = 24 – 4 = 20

\ F(E) = 20
and T(E) = 24
F(E) 20 5

 P (not red) =  
T(E) 24 6
5

 P(E) = is the required probability
6
(ii) Number of favourable outcomes for the event that the selected
ball is white, F(E) = 8
8 1

  P (ball is white) = 
24 3
Q42. At a fete, cards bearing numbers 1 to 1000, one number on one
card, are put in a box. Each player selects one card at random and that
card is not replaced. If the selected card has a perfect square greater
than 500, the player wins a prize. What is the probability that
(i) the first player wins the prize?
(ii) the second player wins a prize, if the first has won?
Sol. (i) First player can select a card from a box in 1000 ways.
Perfect square greater than 500 are 529, 576, 625, 676, 729, 784,
841, 900, 961
= (23)2, (24)2, (25)2, (26)2, (27)2, (28)2, (29)2, (30)2, (31)2

\ F(E) = 9
So, the probability P(E) that the first player wins the prize will
be
F(E) 9
P(E) =  = 0.009
T(E) 1000
(ii) For IInd player, the card selected by earlier player is not
replaced.

  Total number of cards for IInd player = 1000 – 1 = 999

\ T(E) = 999
As the first player wins the prize. So, cards having perfect
square greater than 500 become one less.
So, number of favourable outcomes for IInd player to win a
prize = 9 – 1
i.e.,
F(E) = 8
F (E) 8

 Probability = P(E) = 
T (E) 999
(winning second player a prize)

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 13.4
Q1. Find the mean marks of the students for the following distribution:
Marks Number of Marks Number of
Students Students
0 and above 80 60 and above 28
10 and above 77 70 and above 16
20 and above 72 80 and above 10
30 and above 65 90 and above 8
40 and above 55 100 and above 0
50 and above 43
Sol.
Marks c.f. Marks xi di = xi – a fi fidi
C.I.
0 and above 80 0–10 5 – 50 80 – 77 = 3 – 150
10 and above 77 10–20 15 – 40 77 – 72 = 5 – 200
20 and above 72 20–30 25 – 30 72 – 65 = 7 – 210
30 and above 65 30–40 35 – 20 65 – 55 = 10 – 200
40 and above 55 40–50 45 – 10 55 – 43 = 12 – 120
50 and above 43 50–60 55 0 43 – 28 = 15 0
60 and above 28 60–70 65 10 28 – 16 = 12 120
70 and above 16 70–80 75 20 16 – 10 = 6 120
80 and above 10 80–90 85 30 10 – 8 = 2 60
90 and above 8 90–100 95 40 8 – 0 = 8 320
100 and above 0 100–110 105 50 0 0
Sfi = 80 Sfidi = – 260
a = assumed mean = 55 

Sfidi = – 260 
Sfi = 80

x = a 
 fi di  55 
260
 55 
13
 55  3.25
 fi 80 4
 x = 51.75
This method is called deviation method.
Hence, the mean marks of students = 51.75.

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q2. Determine the mean of the following distribution:

Marks Number of Marks Number of
Students Students
Below 10 5 Below 60 60
Below 20 9 Below 70 70
Below 30 17 Below 80 78
Below 40 29 Below 90 83
Below 50 45 Below 100 85
Sol. From the given table, we observe that the students getting marks
below 10 are 5, and marks cannot be negative. So, 5 students lie in
(0–10) class interval.
Similarly, no. of students getting marks below 20 are 9 and below
10 are 5 so number of students getting marks 10–20 are (9 – 5) = 4. So,

( x i - a)
Marks c.f. C.I. xi ui = fi fi ui
h
Below 10 5 0–10 5 – 4 5 – 0 = 5 – 20
Below 20 9 10–20 15 – 3 9 – 5 = 4 – 12
Below 30 17 20–30 25 – 2 17 – 9 = 8 – 16
Below 40 29 30–40 35 – 1 29 – 17 = 12 – 12
Below 50 45 40–50 45 0 45 – 29 = 16 0
Below 60 60 50–60 55 1 60 – 45 = 15 15
Below 70 70 60–70 65 2 70 – 60 = 10 20
Below 80 78 70–80 75 3 78 – 70 = 8 24
Below 90 83 80–90 85 4 83 – 78 = 5 20
Below 100 85 90–100 95 5 85 – 83 = 2 10
Sfi = 85 Sfi ui = 29
a = assumed mean = 45
Sfi = 85 

Sfi ui = 29
  fi ui 
x = a   h [Step deviation method]
  fi 
29 58
 x = 45   10  45   45  3.41  48.41
85 17
 x = 48.41 marks
Hence, the average marks of students are 48.41.

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q3. Find the mean age of 100 residents of a town from the following
data:
Age Number of Age Number of
persons persons
equal and above 0 100 equal and above 40 25
equal and above 10 90 equal and above 50 15
equal and above 20 75 equal and above 60 5
equal and above 30 50 equal and above 70 0
Sol. Age above 70 years is zero. So, last C.I. is 60–70. Age above zero
is 100 and above 10 is 90 so age of persons in class interval (0–10) is
(100 – 90) and so on.

Age c.f. C.I. xi xi – a fi fi ui

ui =
h
equal and above 0 100 0–10 5 – 3 100 – 90 = 10 – 30
equal and above 10 90 10–20 15 – 2 90 – 75 = 15 – 30
equal and above 20 75 20–30 25 – 1 75 – 50 = 25 – 25
equal and above 30 50 30–40 35 0 50 – 25 = 25 0
equal and above 40 25 40–50 45 1 25 – 15 = 10 10
equal and above 50 15 50–60 55 2 15 – 5 = 10 20
equal and above 60 5 60–70 65 3 5 – 0 = 5 15
equal and above 70 0
Sfi = 100 Sfi ui =
– 40
a = assumed mean = 35
Sfi = 100   

Sfi ui = – 40
h = 10 
  fi ui 
\ x = a    h [Step deviation method]
  fi 
(  40) (10)
 x = 35 
100
400
35  31
100
 x = 31 years
Hence, the mean age of 100 persons = 31 years

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q4. The weight of tea in 70 packets are shown in the following table:
Weight (in g) 200–201 201–202 202–203 203–204 204–205 205–206
Number of 13 27 18 10 1 1
packets
Find the mean weight of packets.
Sol.
C.I. xi di fi fidi
200–201 200.5 – 2 13 – 26
201–202 201.5 – 1 27 – 27
202–203 202.5 0 18 0

203–204 203.5 1 10 10
204–205 204.5 2 1 2
205–206 205.5 3 1 3
Sfi = 70 Sfidi = – 38
a = 202.5

\ x = a 
 fi di (By deviation method)
 fi
38
= 202.5  202.5  0.5428 201.9572
70
 x = 201.96 (approx.)
Hence, the mean weight of packets is 201.96 g.
Q5. Refer to Q4 above. Draw the less than type ogive for the data, and
use it to find the mean weight and median weight.
Sol.
C.I. fi Weight c.f.
less than 200 0 = 0
200–201 13 less than 201 13 + 0 = 13
201–202 27 = f less than 202 27 + 13 = 40
202–203 18 less than 203 18 + 40 = 58
203–204 10 less than 204 10 + 58 = 68
204–205 1 less than 205 1 + 68 = 69
205–206 1 less than 206 1 + 69 = 70
 N  c. f . h
 
Median = l  2
f

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

70
The median class of 70 even obs. =  35th obs.
35th obs. lies in 201–202 class 2
\ l = 201, h = 1
N = 70, f = 27
c.f. = 13
 70  13 1
 2  (35  13)
\ Median = 201  = 201 
27 27
22
= 201   201  0.8148  201.8148
27
Hence, the median weight is 201.8148 g.
Points for less than type ogive are A(200, 0), B(201, 13), C(202, 40),
D(203, 58), E(204, 68), F(205, 69), G(206, 70).
y
F
70 G
E

60 D

50
Cumulative frequency

40 C

N M
M (201.8, 35)
30

20

10 B

A P
x
200 201 202 203 204 205 206
Upper limit of C.I.
Weight (gm)

N 70
To find out median from graph take = = 35 at Y-axis and draw a
2 2
line NM parallel to X-axis. Which meet the plotted graph at M;
Draw MP perpendicular to X-axis. It meets on X-axis at 201.8
which is the median of data.

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q6. Refer to Q.5 above. Draw less than type and more than type ogives
for the data and use them to find the median weight.
Sol.
C.I. fi c.f. weight (in g) c.f. Points for
wt ( in gm) less more more than
than than ogive
200 0 (less than 200) 0 more than or equal 200 70 H(200, 70)
200–201 13 (less than 201) 13 more than or equal 201 57 I(201, 57)
201–202 27 (less than 202) 40 more than or equal 202 30 J(202, 30)
202–203 18 (less than 203) 58 more than or equal 203 12 K(203, 12)
203–204 10 (less than 204) 68 more than or equal 204 2 L(204, 2)
204–205 1 (less than 205) 69 more than or equal 205 1 M(205, 1)
205–206 1 (less than 206) 70 more than or equal 206 0 N(206, 0)
Graph (ogive) must be smooth having no edge. In both the graphs,
upper limits of class intervals are taken on X-axis and cumulative
frequency is taken on Y-axis. The intersection point of less than and
more than ogive gives N/2 on Y-axis and median on X-axis.
y
E
70 H
F G

60 D
I

50
Cumulative frequency

40 C
M (201.8, 35)
30 J

N
20

B K
10

A L M N
P x
O 200 201 202 203 204 205 206
Upper limits of C.I.
Weight (gm)

Hence, the median weight of packets is 201.8 g.

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q7. The table below shows the salaries of 280 persons. Calculate the
median and mode of the data.
Salary 5–10 10–15 15–20 20–25 25–30 30–35 35–40 40–45 45–50
(in thous. `)
No. of 49 133 63 15 6 7 4 2 1
Persons
Sol.
Salary (` 1000) (C.I.) No. of persons (fi) c.f.
5–10 49 49 + 0 = 49
10–15 133 133 + 49 = 182
15–20 63 63 + 182 = 245
20–25 15 15 + 245 = 260
25–30 6 6 + 260 = 266
30–35 7 7 + 266 = 273
35–40 4 4 + 273 = 277
40–45 2 2 + 277 = 279
45–50 1 1 + 279 = 280
280
(i) Median: Median class = = 140 (c.f.) obs.
2
Median class is 10–15.
\ l = 10,  N = 280,  h = 5,  f = 133,  c.f. = 49

N 
  c. f . h
Median = l  2
f
 280  49 5
 2  140  49  5
\ Median = 10  10 
133 133
91  5 455
= 10  10  10  3.4210 13.421
133 133
= 13.421 (` in 1000)

\ Median = 13.421  1000 = ` 13, 421
(ii) Mode: Modal class (of maximum frequency) is (10–15)
( f1  f0 ) h
Mode = l 
(2 f1  f0  f2 )
(133  49)  5
= 10 
(2  133  49  63)
(f0 = 49, f1 = 133, f2 = 63, h = 5)
84  5 84  5 30
= 10  10 
 10 

266  112 154 11

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

= 10 + 2.727 = 12.727 (` in 1000)

 Mode = 12.727  1000 = ` 12,727
Hence, the median and mode of the salaries are ` 13,421 and
` 12,727 respectively.
Q8. The mean of following frequency distribution is 50, but the
frequencies f1 and f2 in classes (20–40) and (60–80) respectively are not
known. Find these frequencies, if the sum of all the frequencies is 120.
Class 0–20 20–40 40–60 60–80 80–100
Frequency 17 f1 32 f2 19
Sol. Mean of observations is 50.
C.I. xi fi di = (xi – a) fidi
0–20 10 17 – 20 – 340
20–40 30 f1 0 0
40–60 50 32 20 + 640
60–80 70 f2 40 + 40  f2
80–100 90 19 60 + 1140
Sfi = 120 Sfidi = 1440 + 40f2

x = a 
 fi di
 fi
a = Assumed mean = 30, x = 50 (Given)
1440  40 f2
 50 = 30 
120
1440 40 f2
 50 – 30 = 
120 120
f2
 20 = 12 
3
f2
 20 – 12 =
3
 8  3 = f2
 f2 = 24
From frequencies, we have = 17 + f1 + 32 + f2 + 19 = 120 (Given)
 68 + f1 + f2 = 120 (f2 = 24)
 68 + f1 + 24 = 120
 92 + f1 = 120
 f1 = 120 – 92

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 f1 = 28
and f2 = 24
Q9. The median of the following data is 50. Find the values of p and q,
if sum of all the frequencies is 90.
Marks f
20–30 p
30–40 15
40–50 25
50–60 20
60–70 q
70–80 8
80–90 10
Sol. Here, median of observations is 50 so, we have to calculate the
values of p and q.
Marks (C.I.) fi c.f.
20–30 p p
30–40 15 p + 15
40–50 25 p + 15 + 25 = p + 40
50–60 20 p + 40 + 20 = p + 60
60–70 q p + q + 60
70–80 8 p + q + 60 + 8 = p + q + 68
80–90 10 p + q + 68 + 10 = p + q + 78
Sfi = 90
Now, p + 15 + 25 + 20 + q + 8 + 10 = 90 (Given)
 78 + p + q = 90
 p + q = 90 – 78 = 12 (I)
The median is 50. (Given)
\ Median class is (50–60)
\ l = 50, c.f. = (p + 40), f = 20, h = 10
N 
  c. f  h
Median = l  2
f
[45  (40  p)]  10   90 
\ Median = 50    45
 2 2 
20
(45  40  p)
 50 = 50 
2

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

5p
 50 – 50 =
2
 5 – p = 0
 p = 5
But, p + q = 12 [From (I)]
 q = 12 – 5 = 7
\ p = 5 and q = 7.
Q10. The distribution of heights (in cm) of 96 children is given below:
Height (in cm) Number of Height (in cm) Number of
children children
124–128 5 144–148 12
128–132 8 148–152 6
132–136 17 152–156 4
136–140 24 156–160 3
140–144 16 160–164 1
Draw a less than type cumulative frequency curve for this data and
use it to compute median height of the children.
Sol. From given table, we have,
Height (in cm) No. of children Points for less than
type ogive
less than 124 0+0=0 A(124, 0)
less than 128 5+0=5 B(128, 5)
less than 132 8 + 5 = 13 C(132, 13)
less than 136 17 + 13 = 30 D(136, 30)
less than 140 24 + 30 = 54 E(140, 54)
less than 144 16 + 54 = 70 F(144, 70)
less than 148 12 + 70 = 82 G(148, 82)
less than 152 6 + 82 = 88 H(152, 88)
less than 156 4 + 88 = 92 I(156, 92)
less than 160 3 + 92 = 95 J(160, 95)
less than 164 1 + 95 = 96 K(164, 96)
By plotting the graph with the above points, we get less than type
N 96
ogive. Taking 
y   48 at point P draw a line PQ parallel to
2 2
x-axis and draw QR  on x-axis. Point R on x-axis gives the value of
median of the given observations.
Hence, the median height of observations is 139.2 cm.

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

100 y
J K

90 I
H
80 G

70 F
Cumulative frequency

60

E
50 P
48 Q
40

30 D

N
20

10 C
B
A R
x
O 139
124 132 136 140 148 156 164
Upper limits of C.I.
Q11. The size of agricultural holdings in a survey of 200 families is
given in the following table:
Size of agricultural holdings (in Hectare) Number of families
0–5 10
5–10 15
10–15 30
15–20 80
20–25 40
25–30 20
30–35 5
Compute median and mode size of the holdings.
Sol.
C.I. (in hectare) fi (No. of families) c.f.
0–5 10 10
5–10 15 25

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

C.I. (in hectare) fi (No. of families) c.f.

10–15 30 55
15–20 80 135  Median class
20–25 40 175
25–30 20 195
30–35 5 200
200
Sol. (i) Median class = th observation  100th observation i.e.,
(15–20) 2
 N  c. f . h
 
Median = l  2 , where
f
l = lower limit of median class = 15
N = Total number of observations = 200
c.f. = c.f. preceding the median class = 55
f = frequency of median class = 80
h = 5
 200  55 5
  (100  55) 5
\ Median = 15  2  15 
80 80
45  5 45
= 15  15  15  2.8125
80 16
\ Median = 17.8125 hectare
(ii) Mode: Maximum frequency in the given table is 80. So, modal
class is (15–20)
( f1  f0 ) h
Mode = l 
(2 f1  f0  f2 )
Here, l = 15,  N/2 = 100, f0 = 30, f1 = 80, f2 = 40
(80  30)  5 50  5
\ Mode = 15  15 
2  80  30  40 160  70
50  5 25
= 15  15  15  2.77 17.77
90 9
\ Mode = 17.77 hectare.
Q12. The annual rainfall record of a city for 66 days is given in the
following table:
Rainfall (cm) 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50 50–60
No. of days 22 10 8 15 5 6
Calculate the median rainfall using ogives (more than type and less
than type)

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Sol. From the given table, we observe that the lowest limit is 0 so less
than 0 rainfall is zero. The highest limit is 60 so more than 60 or 60
rainfall is zero.
Rainfall (cm) No. of days (c.f.) Rainfall (cm) No. of days (c.f.)
less than 0 0 more than or equal 0 66
less than 10 22 + 0 = 22 more than or equal 10 66 – 22 = 44
less than 20 10 + 22 = 32 more than or equal 20 44 – 10 = 34
less than 30 8 + 32 = 40 more than or equal 30 34 – 8 = 26
less than 40 15 + 40 = 55 more than or equal 40 26 – 15 = 11
less than 50 5 + 55 = 60 more than or equal 50 11 – 5 = 6
less than 60 6 + 60 = 66 more than or equal 60 6 – 6 = 0
Co-ordinates on graph for less than type ogive are A(0, 0), B(10, 22),
C(20, 32), D(30, 40), E(40, 55), F(50, 60) and G(60, 66).
Co-ordinates for more than type ogive are H(0, 66), I(10, 44),
J(20, 34), K(30, 26), L(40, 11), M(50, 6), N(60, 0).
y
70
N 66
H = = 33 G
2 2
60 F
E
50
Less than ogive
Cumulative frequency

I
40 D
P
33 Q
30 C
K
N
20 B More than ogive

10 L
M
A R 21 N
(0,0) x
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Upper limits of C.I.
Rainfall (cm)

Both more than and less that type ogives intersect at point Q(21, 33).
Hence, the median is 21 cm rainfall.

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q13. The following is the frequency distribution of duration for 100

calls made on a mobile phone.

Duration (in seconds) Number of calls

95–125 14
125–155 22
155–185 28
185–215 21
215–245 15
Calculate the average duration (in sec) of a call and also find the
median from the cumulative frequency curve.
Sol.
100 y F
Scale:
x-axis: 1 div. = 1.5 sec
90
y-axis: 1 div. = 1 call

80 E

70
D
Cumulative frequency

60

50

40

30 C

20
B
10

A
x
95 125 155 185 215 245
Upper limits of C.I. (seconds)

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 Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Duration No. of c. f. xi di d fiui Points for

(in sec) C.I. calls (fi) = (xi – ui = i ogive
a) h
Less than 95 0 0 0 A(95, 0)
95–125 14 14 110 – 60 – 2 – 28 B(125, 14)
125–155 22 36 140 – 30 – 1 – 22 C(155, 36)
155–185 28 64 170 0 0 0 D(185, 64)

185–215 21 85 200 30 1 21 E(215, 85)

215–245 15 100 230 60 2 30 F(245, 100)
Sfi = 100 Sfiui = 1

Here, a = 170,  h = 30,  Sfiui = 1,  Sfi = N = 100

( fi ui ) h
(i) Mean x  a 
 fi
1  30
 170   170  0.3  170.3
100

\ x = 170.3 seconds
Hence, the average duration for a call is 170.3 seconds.
N 100
(ii) Median: Median class = d n th observation = th observation
2 2
= 50th observation
After plotting the ogive, median can be find out by taking y axis
N 100
at  50 calls. Note the call time on x-axis corresponding
2 2
to 50 calls which is shown by arrows i.e., 170.
Hence, the median time is 170 seconds.
Q14. 50 students enter for a school Javelin throw competition. The
distance (in metre) thrown are recorded below.
Distance (m) 0–20 20–40 40–60 60–80 80–100
No. of students 6 11 17 12 4
(i) Construct a cumulative frequency table.
(ii) Draw cumulative frequency curve (less than type) and calculate
the median distance thrown by using this curve.
(iii) Calculate the median distance by using the formula for median.
(iv) Are the median distance calculated in (ii) and (iii) same ?
Sol. (i) Cumulative frequency table

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Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Distance (m) No. of students c.f. Points of less

C.I. (fi ) than ogive
less than 0 0 0 A(0, 0)
0–20 6 6 B(20, 6)
20–40 11 17 C(40, 17)
40–60 17 34 D(60, 34)
60–80 12 46 E(80, 46)
80–100 4 50 F(100, 50)
(ii) Cumulative frequency (less than type) curve
y
70

60

50 F
Cumulative frequency

E
40

30
25 Q
P
20
C
10
B

A 20 40 R 60 80 100
Upper limits of C.I. (m)

To obtain median distance from less than or cumulative

50
frequency ogive, we have to find out the distance of  25
2
observations from Y-axis and its corresponding distance on
X-axis. On x-axis R (50 m) is the median distance.
(iii) Median by formula
The median class is 25th obs. that lies in 40–60 class

\ l = 40

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Chapter 13 - Statistics and Probability NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

N = 50
c.f. = 17 (Preceding the median class)
h = 20
f = 17 (median class)
 N  c. f . h
 
\ Median = l  2

f
 50  17  20
 2  (25  17) 20
= 40  40 

17 17
8  20 160
= 40  40  40  9.41176 49.41176
17 17

\ Median distance = 49.41176 metre
(iv) Median distance calculated by formula and graph are almost
equal i.e., differ only by 0.588 m. So, we can say that the median
distance calculated in part (ii) and (iii) are same.

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