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Mesurements: Length, Volume and Time

When the clock gets colder, the brass rod would contract and shorten due to thermal contraction. Since the period of a pendulum depends on its length, with a shorter pendulum the period would decrease. Therefore, the clock would run faster and lose time. The answer is c.

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AJAYA BURRELL
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© © All Rights Reserved
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40 views

Mesurements: Length, Volume and Time

When the clock gets colder, the brass rod would contract and shorten due to thermal contraction. Since the period of a pendulum depends on its length, with a shorter pendulum the period would decrease. Therefore, the clock would run faster and lose time. The answer is c.

Uploaded by

AJAYA BURRELL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MESUREMENTS

LENGTH, VOLUME AND TIME


LESSON OBJECTIVES
• Describe the use of rulers and measuring cylinders to calculate a
length or a volume
• Describe the use of a mechanical method for the measurement of a
small distance
• Recall the use of clocks and devices for measuring an interval of
time
• Explain how to measure a short interval of time using a pendulum
LENGTH
MEASURING LENGTH
Length is the distance between two points in a space
The SI units for length is meter (m).
There are several kinds of measuring devices used to measure quantity of length, this include but
not limited to:
1. Measuring tape
2. Rule
3. Vernier calipers
4. Micrometer
MEASURING TAPE

• Measuring tape is a long, thin piece of plastic, cloth, or metal that is marked with
units of length
RULE

• A ruler (sometimes called a rule), is a device used in geometry and technical


drawing, as well as the engineering and construction industries, to measure
distances or draw straight lines
VERNIER CALIPERS

• A vernier caliper is tool used for measuring lengths to an accuracy of 0.02


millimeters.
HOW TO USE A VERNIER CALIPER?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkPlzmalvN4
MICROMETER

• A micrometer screw gauge also referred to as micrometer is used for measuring


dimensions smaller than those measured by the vernier caliper. It is used for
measuring lengths to an accuracy of 0.01 millimeters.
HOW TO USE A MICROMETER
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StBc56ZifMs
TRY THESE
What is the measurement on:
a) Micrometer b) Vernier caliper

Main scale: 22.0 mm Main scale reading: 10.0 cm


Thimble scale: 0.33 mm Vernier scale reading: 0.02 cm
micrometer screw gauge reading= main Vernier Calipers reading = Main scale reading
scale + thimble scale reading: + Vernier scale reading:

= 22.0 + 0.33 = 22.33 mm = 10.0 cm + 0.02 cm = 10.02 cm


LET’S REFLECT
VOLUME
MEASURING VOLUME
• 
VOLUME OF REGULAR
(DEFINED) SHAPED OBJECTS
Regular shaped object are objects that their volume can be calculated using a
formula. The volume of some of the regular solids can be calculated using the
formulae given in the following table:
OBJECT VOLUME(FORMULA)
Cube (length)3 = L3

Cuboid length X breadth X height = L x b x h

Cylinder pi x radius2 x height = π r2 h

Sphere 4/3 x pi x (radius)3 = 4/3 π r3

Cone 1/3 x pi x (radius)2 x height = 1/3 π r2 h


VOLUME OF IRREGULAR(UNDEFINED) SHAPED
OBJECTS
Volume of irregularly shaped objects can be found out by using the
displacement method or the measuring cylinder method.

The displacement method is measuring the volume of displaced liquid


by an object, while the measuring cylinder method involve calculating
the final and the initial volume.

Both method involves the use of a measuring cylinder


MEASURING CYLINDERS
• 
MEASURING CYLINDERS CONT’D
If the cylinder is made from glass, the liquid surface is curved (U-shaped) rather
than horizontal, due to the relatively strong attractive force between water and
glass. The curved surface is called the meniscus. The bottom of the meniscus is taken
as the liquid level in a glass cylinder.

Meniscus
MEASURING CYLINDERS CONT’D
If the cylinder is made from plastic, the liquid surface is flat (horizontal). Therefore, there is no
meniscus.

No Meniscus
MEASURING CYLINDERS CONT’D
Reading measurements from a measuring cylinder.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ewRaV5baik
MEASURING CYLINDERS CONT’D
Reading measurements from a measuring cylinder.
Example:

4.2 ml 0.2 ml
TRY THESE
1. 2.
THE DISPLACEMENT METHOD
We will observe obtaining the volume of irregularly shaped object by using the
displacement method.

https://youtu.be/_mYdrcNBwgw
MEASURING CYLINDER METHOD

We will observe obtaining the volume of irregularly shaped object by using the
measuring cylinder method through the following steps.
STEP 1: Pour water into a clean measuring cylinder (nearly three fourth of its volume)
and record the level of water (V1).
STEP 2: Slowly lower the irregular solid into the water by a very thin string.
STEP 3: Measure the new volume of the water and the stone (V 2).
STEP 4: Then calculate the volume of irregular solid shape as V= V 2 – V1
MEASURING CYLINDER METHOD CONT’D

V1 = 150 ml
V2 = 180 ml

Therefore: V = V2 – V1
= 180 – 150
= 30
Volume of irregular object = 40ml

BEFORE (V1) AFTER (V2)


TIME
MEASURING TIME

Time can be defined as the ongoing and continuous sequence of events that occur in
succession, from the past through the present to the future.
Time is used to quantify, measure or compare the duration of events or the intervals
between them. The SI unit for time is seconds (s).
We use a clock to measure time.
They are two types of clocks:
1. Analog
2. Digital
CLOCK
• Analog
An analog clock is a tool for reading the time of day. The shortest hand indicates
the hour, a longer hand indicates the minutes (and the longest arm indicates the
seconds).
CLOCK

• Digital clock
A digital clock is a type of clock that displays the time digitally. This means the time
is displayed using numbers or other symbols.
PENDULUM CLOCK
• Most clocks use a process which is a regularly repeating motion, such as the swing
of a pendulum
A pendulum clock is a clock that uses a pendulum, a swinging weight, as its
timekeeping element.

PENDULUM
PENDULUM CLOCK (CONT’D)
The advantage of a pendulum for timekeeping is that it is a harmonic
oscillator. This means it swings back and forth in a precise time interval
dependent on its length, and resists swinging at other rates.
As the length of the pendulum increases, the period of oscillation increases.
(this can be examined in the following linked video
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=02w9lSii_Hs )

Period, (symbol T) is defined as the time of one full oscillation.


CALCULATING PERIOD
Example:

It takes 13.8s for a pendulum to swing from X to Y and back again twenty times. What is the
period of the pendulum?
 
Period = Time take to complete one complete oscillation
This means we should divide the total time by the total oscillations.
Total time = 13.8
Total oscillations = 20

Period =13.8/20
=0.690s
TRY THIS

An inventor makes a clock using a brass rod and a heavy mass as a


pendulum. What happens when the clock gets colder?
 
a. the pendulum would shorten and the clock gain
b. the pendulum would lengthen and the clock gain
c. the pendulum would shorten, and the clock lose
d. the pendulum would lengthen, and the clock lose
e. the clock would keep accurate time

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