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Fluid Mechanics: Prepared By: Engr. Princess Divine A. Dacsig

This document defines key terms and concepts in fluid mechanics. It discusses: 1) The definition of fluid mechanics as the branch of science dealing with fluids like gases and liquids. 2) Common terms like fluid, fluid statics, fluid dynamics, unit weight, and mass density. 3) Equations for calculating mass density, pressure, atmospheric pressure, specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension, and capillarity. 4) Concepts like bulk modulus of elasticity, compression of gases, and pressure disturbances.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
27 views

Fluid Mechanics: Prepared By: Engr. Princess Divine A. Dacsig

This document defines key terms and concepts in fluid mechanics. It discusses: 1) The definition of fluid mechanics as the branch of science dealing with fluids like gases and liquids. 2) Common terms like fluid, fluid statics, fluid dynamics, unit weight, and mass density. 3) Equations for calculating mass density, pressure, atmospheric pressure, specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension, and capillarity. 4) Concepts like bulk modulus of elasticity, compression of gases, and pressure disturbances.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FLUID MECHANICS

Prepared by:
ENGR. PRINCESS DIVINE A. DACSIG
DEFINITION OF TERMS

FLUID MECHANICS- branch of science which deals with the


study or behaviour of fluids (gases or liquids).
FLUID- is any substance that can flow either liquid or gas.
FLUID STATICS- study of fluids at rest in equilibrium stations.
FLUID DYNAMICS- study of fluids in motion and is much more
comlex than the other.
UNIT WEIGHT:

� = ������ �� �����
������

Units:
• English: ��/��3
• Metric: ����/��3
• SI: �/�3or ��/�3
MASS DENSITY:

���� �� �����
�=
������

Units:
• English: �����/��3
• Metric: ����/��3
• SI: ��/�3
MASS DENSITY: (for gases)


�=
��

where:
• p - absolute pressure of gas in Pa
• R - gas constant Joule/Kg-∘ �
• for air: R= 287 J/kg ∘ � = 1716 lb-ft/slug-∘ �
• T - absolute temperature in degree kelvin
• ∘ � =∘ � + 273∘ � =∘ � + 460
DENSITIES OF SOME COMMON SUBSTANCES
PROBLEM:

1. Find the mass and weight of the air at 20℃ in a living room
with a 4.0m by 5.0m and a ceiling of 3.0m high.

2. Find the mass density of helium at a temperature of 4°C


and a pressure of 184 kPa gage, if atmospheric pressure is
101.325 kPa. Use R= 2079 J/kg-°K
PRESSURE:
-the amount of force exerted on a given area. Its SI unit is in
Pascal (Pa) (N/m2)


�=

where:
F= Force in newton
A= Cross sectional area (m2)
P= Pressure in Pa
PRESSURE:
-the amount of force exerted on a given area. Its SI unit is in
Pascal (Pa) (N/m2)

� = ���

where:
�= density
g= gravitational force
h= height
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE:

• For an open tank we should include the pressure outside the tank
pressing on the top of the surface of the liquid

������ = ���� + ���

1 atm = 101.325 kPa


= 760 mmHg
= 760 torr
= 14.696 psi
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE:

• Compare the total pressure at the bottom of a swimming pool of


depth 3.00m if it is filled with freshwater and seawater.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY:

������ ������
�= �=
������ ������

For water:
• � = 62.4 ��/��3 = 9.81 ��/�3
• � = 1.94 �����/��3 = 1000��/�3
• � = 1.0
A solid sphere has a radius of 1.5 cm and a mass of 0.038 kg. Calculate
the specific gravity or relative density of the sphere.
VISCOSITY:
The property of fluid which determines the amount of its resistance
to shearing forces. A perfect fluid would have no viscosity.

Kinematic Viscosity, � (nu)


The ratio of thedynamic viscosity of the fluid (�)to its mass density

� = �
VISCOSITY:
The dynamic viscosity of water at 20°C is 1x10-3 N-s/m2 , what is the
kinematic viscosity in english units?
SURFACE TENSION:
• The surface tension of a fluid is the work that must be done to
bring enough molecules from inside the liquid for the surface to
form a new unit area of that surface in
• Pressure inside a droplet of liquid:
��
�=

where:
• � = ������� ������� �� �/�
• � = �������� �� �ℎ� ������� �� �
• � = ���� �������� �� ������
If excess pressure is balanced by a column of oil (with specific gravity 0.8)
4 mm high, where d = 2.0 cm, find the surface tension of the soap bubble.
CAPILLARITY:

� = ������ Use � = 140°for mercury on clean glass.


��
• For complete wetting, as with water on clean glass, the angle � �� 0 ∘. Hence
the formula becomes:
��
�=
��

where:
• ℎ = ��������� ���� �� ����������
• � = ���� ����ℎ�
• � = �������� �� �ℎ� ����
• � = ������� �������
Estimate the height to which water will rise in a capillary tube of
diameter 3mm. Use � = 0.0728 N/m and � = 9.81 kN/ m3 for water.
BULK MODULUS OF ELASTICITY:

��
�=
–��/�
in ��/��8 �� ��

where:
• �� = �ℎ���� �� ��������
• �� = �ℎ���� �� ������
• � = ������
A liquid compressed in a container has a volume of 1 liter at
pressure of 2 MPa. What is the bulk modulus of elasticity of the
liquid.
COMPRESSION OF GASES:
• For the same mass of gas subjected to different conditions, the product of
absolute pressure and volume divided by itsabsolute temperature is constant.
p�v� = p�v�
where:
�� ��
• �1 = ������� �������� �������� �� ���
• �2 = ����� �������� �������� �� ���
• �1 = ������� ������ �� ���
• �2 = ����� ������ �� ���
• �1 = ������� �������� ����������� �� ��� �� ∘ � (∘ � + 273)
• �2 = ����� �������� ����������� �� ��� �� ∘ � (∘ � + 273)
• for Isothermal Conditions: (constant temperature, �X = �Y)
�� �� = �� ��
• for Adiabatic or Isentropic Conditions: (no heat exchanged)
�� � ��
�� � � k= ���� andk ( ) = = ��������
�� ��
also:
�� �� (�]�)/�
�� = (��)
where:
• � =ratio of the specific heat at constant pressure to the specific heat at constant
volume. Also known as adiabatic exponent.
If 9m3 of an ideal gas at 24°C and 150kPa is compressed to 2m3,
a) what is the resulting pressure suuming isothermal conditions.
b) what would have been the pressure and temperature if the
process is isentropic.
Use k = 1.3
PRESSURE DISTURBANCES:

• Pressure disturbances imposed on a fluid move in waves. The


velocity or celerity is expressed as:
��
�= �
in m/s or ft/s

Where:
• � = �������� �� �������� �� �������� ���� �� �/� �� ��/�
• �� = ���� ������� �� ���������� �� �ℎ� ����� �� �� �� ��/��2

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