LATEST EXAMINATION PAPER & INTERNAL ASSESSMENT Class 10 Complimentary with Together with® MathematicsINTERNAL ASSESSMENT Mathematics is something that man has himself created to meet the cultural demands of time. It plays the most important role in developing our intellectual thought processes. Mathematics is reputed to be the most hypothetical of all sciences. It exhibits connection between things, which can be visualised only through the agency of human reasoning. ‘Our modern way of life would hardly have been possible without mathematics. A degree of estimation, not only in money but also in weights and measures, is very important. Many of our daily routine chores involve sorting, ordering and organising processes. Historically, mathematics has grown largely as aresult of — ~ social needs as shown in everyday life, commerce, science and technology. — intellectual needs to connect togethiér exisfing mathematics into single logical framework or proof structure. A knowledge of mathematics is useful to understand and interpret matters such as income tax, read information presented to us by the mass media in numerical form or in the form of graph and understand the use of phrases such as rising price index, per capita income, inflation, stock market index, etc. in daly life. To read with understanding many of the materials in newspaper require considerable mathematical vocabulary like per cent, discount, commission, dividend, invoices, profit and loss, wholesale and retail, taxation, ete. Certain decisions require sufficient skill and understanding of quantitative relations. The ability to sense problems, to formulate them specifically and to solve them accurately requires systematic thinking. Mathematics develops the ability to perform necessary computation with accuracy and the skill needed in the use of instruments of precision. Mathematics develops the ability to make dependable estimates and approximation. Mathematics also helps to arrange aumerical data systematically and to interpret information in graphic and tabular form. Inorder to understand the practical application of mathematics in our daily life, the curriculum is designed to meet the objectives of learning and teaching of mathematics. Hence, the concept of internal assessment is included in the mathematics curriculum. ‘A number of assignments are prescribed which help the students to learn the practical aspects of mathematics with the help of data collection, survey and communication skills in doing the same. ICSE Board has suggested thirteen assignments out of which a minimum of two assignments are to be done during the academic year as prescribed and guided by the teacher. For your understanding some assignments are given completely solved. For the remaining assignments valuable hints/suggestions have been provided. Internal Assessment (449) © scanned with OKEN ScannerTopic Comparative newspaper coverage of different items Table of Contents 1, Introduction 2, Importance of newspaper 3. Different items covered by newspaper 4, Comparative study of $. Conclusion f different items 1. Introduction A newspaper is a serial publication consisting of folded unstapled sheets and cont ing news, articles, advertisement and correspondence. Each newspaper tries to establish its identity and win the loyalty of its readers through a combination of words, pictures, cartoons, presentations, techniques and exclusive news stories. Newspaper also contains public grievances and reflects public opinion. In India, newspapers have undeniably a vital role to play an important duty to perform both as voice of people and a builder of public opinion, Itis true that the vast majority ofthe people in this country are illiterate and even from among the literate persons, 23rds cannot or do not read newspapers. tis believed that not more than 17% people in India read newspapers. Young men mostly read the sports news and film reviews, the traders and other business-minded people confine themselves to the commercial Pages which provide them the latest market quotations of shares, stock, etc. 2. Importance of Newspaper ‘Newspaper performs its true role as a guardian of the public interest, a watch: information. Newspapers give us ll types of news about our country. Without \dog and a source of all kinds of the newspapers no government can run successfully. The government policies are published by the newspapers. Newspapers not only give us the latest news but also publish advertisements for jobs and many other things, Newspapers give us knowledge about many things of the past and the present, Without these, people cannot ‘get knowledge and news about the country and the world. Thus, in our society, 43. Different Items Covered by Newspapers ‘newspapers are very important, (@) National News (ii) International News (iii) Political News (jv) Business News () Sports News (vi) State News (vii) Classified News (viii) Educational News (x) Local News (%) Entertainment News 4, Comparative Study of Different Items Sports News (0. Headline of Main Sports News (ii) Presentation of News (iii) Picture of News (i) Views of Experts about that News (0) Format of the News (DD) apecher with® Mathematics (ICSE) — 10 © scanned with OKEN Scanner(© Headline of Main Sports News (Cricket News): News on the match played on 5/5/17 between in LPL-2017, ‘Newspaper Date Headline (@) The Tribune 05/05/2017 RCB could not make to play offs (©) The Times of India 05/05/2017 Big name of RCB failed again (©) The Indian Express 05/05/2017 RCB skipper could not enter double digits again Presentation of News: (@) The Tribune ~ Presents this news very exclusively and in det (®) The Times of India — Presents this news in short, (©) The Indian Express Presents this news effectively and in a remarkable manner. Pictures of News: (a) The Tribune ~ Highlights the picture of Kings XI batsman Maxwell who scored an unbeaten 61 in the IPL with RCB in coloured mode. (6) The Times of India — Presents the picture of Kings XJ batsman Maxwell (who drives during the IPL match in Mohalli) in black and white mode. (©) The Indian Express — Presents the picture of RCB skipper Virat Kobli (who walks off the field after getting out) in black and white mode. (i) Views of Experts about the News: (@) The Tribune ~ Kings XI Coach Sehwag gives his comments on the match as: “The boys know they are up against a very very talented Indian side. ‘We have got our noses in front and we want to stay there. It is a two- match series and we want to win it.” (©) The Times of India —_RCB player Virat Kohli gives his comments on the match as: “RCB would come back hard and strong in the next game itself. We made a few mistakes in the first match but we must plan better today.” (6) The Indian Express -_ Sunil Gavasker, a sports critic says that “opening loss a wake-up call for Team RCB.” (») Format of the News: (@) The Tribune ~ Presents the news in a simple way in two small columns. (©) The Times of In Presents the news in good manner with the extended views of experts in four columns. (€) The Indian Express — Presents the news at almost full sports page with some small and big pictures in three columns. 5. Conclusion Newspapers are in essence purveyors of news and views, That is the function they can perform best in India today, even though, the radio, TV, computer, etc. are getting popular. So, we can say that newspaper plays a very important role in the society. By comparing the news of the same item in different newspapers, we can judge the truthfulness and standard of that news and can choose the correct and genuine newspaper for reading. Internal Assessment (43% © scanned with OKEN ScannerTopic coed’ $ Table of Contents A Can interest. ‘Interest by State Bank of India. a of Interest by Punjab National Bank. ints: Bank is an institution, which attracts money on deposits for the purpose of lending to trade, industry, cfc. Receiving deposits from the public is an important function of a commercial bank. A bank provides the facility to open different kinds of deposit accounts with various facilities to suit the needs of various customers or depositors. There are six main types of accounts, which a person can open with a bank, with proper introduction and photographs namely: (i) Fixed or Time Deposit Account. (i) Savings Bank Deposit Account. (ii) Current Deposit Account or Current Account. (iv) Recurring Deposit Account. (v) Flexible Account. (i) Jan-DI nt. it Account: Fixed deposit account is one wherein money is deposited for a fixed period and is not supposed to be withdrawn before the expiry of the said period. This period usually varies from 15 days to five years. The rate of interest allowed on such accounts generally increases with the period of deposit. This account is also known as Term Deposit Account. This is the most suitable form of accepting deposits for a commercial bank. Banks allow a higher rate of interest to attract such deposits. Customers deposit their money in such account with a view to carn ‘well as to withdraw the same on the expiry of the period of the deposit. wings Bank Deposit Account: This is an account into which small savings are deposited into bank by the customers. This account is meant for the benefit of middle class and low-income group people. Any with a minimum specific deposit can open a Saving Bank Deposit Account. (iy Carree Deposit Account or Current Account: Sometimes also called ‘Open Account’, is one in which ‘money can be deposited and withdrawn at any time during the working hours without giving any notice to the bank. This account may be defined as running account between a banker and a customer. Since customers can deposit money into or withdraw money from their current accounts whenever they like, businessmen like to keep money with a bank rather than in their own cash box from where it can be lost orstolen. Current accounts suit the requirements of businessmen, companies, corporations, institutions, tc. as ‘Account: In a this account, predetermined amount is deposited into account every month. The rate of interest is normally equal to the rate of interest payable on a term Deposit Account of the same period, that is, the tenure of a Recurring Deposit. In case of need, premature withdrawal is allowed. [RE Aagechen wek® Mathematics (ICSE) — 10 © scanned with OKEN ScannerAccounts: These accounts combine the characteristics and benefits of Savings Account ixed Deposit Account, In such accounts a fixed deposit account is opened for the maturity periods available and a Savings Account is also opened. The amount in fixed Deposit Account is treated as units of € 1000 each, In case of customer needs money in excess of balance in the Savings Account, the requisite umount will be transferred out of fixed deposit Alc in units of % 1000 cach along with interest payable on the amount. ATM (Automatic Teller Machines): The banks, which have computerised high tech branches, are providing, round the clock banking facilities through ATM. The facilities through ATM can differ depending upon the software being used. A Savings Account holder or a Current Account holder, who is individual or Proprietor can obtain the ATM card. | junts: This account can be opened in any bank under. PMJDY with zero balance. To open is account, any one of the following documents are required: (@) Indian passport (b) Driving license, RON (©) PAN Card (@) Voter ID card (@) Aadhar Card () Ration Card (g) NREGA Job Card ‘Calculation of Interest: .) Calculating Interest on a Savings Bank Account: To calculate the interest on a Savings Account proceed as under: (0) interest for the month is calculated on the minimum balance between the 10th day and the last day of the month. (convert the minimum balance of each month as a multiple of €10, No interest is paid up 10 %5. (iii) add all these balances. However, if the same balance continues for n months then multiply this balance by 7, rather than writing itn times and then adding. (iv) find the simple interest on this sum for one month. (W) if the interest is less than € 1, neglect it. (vi) no interest is paid for the month in which the account is closed. ‘e.g, A page from savings bank passbook of Mr. Brar is given below: 314235 5860.85 3360.85 3105.85 January January 13, February 3 5911.25 \ March 2 8716.65 s March 10 S716. April 4 8522.05 5897.05 8957.75 3957.15 April 23, By salary = Toself By cash fF, Brar closes his account in the period ending May 2017, Calculate the inte 1ed for this period if the rate of interest is 5%. Internal Assessment © scanned with OKEN Scanner4. Prevailing Rates of Interest by Punjab National Bank: Fixed deposit: Duration Rate of Interest 7-14 days 15-29 days 4.25% 30-45 days 4.50% 16-89 days 4.10% 90-179 days 5.00 % 180 days - 9 months 5.25% 9 months 1 year 5.50% year ~2 years 5.15% 2years 5 years 6.00 % S years and above 6.25% Senior Citizens Extra 0.50% Recurring Deposit: 5.75% Savings Account : 3.5% PROJECTNO.3 2 Topic Planning Home-Budget Bee 1, Introduction of Family ail 4. Family Size 5. 6 Introduction; Whenever we have limited resources, we need Proper planning so that the resources can be distributed as per the requirements If we filo allocate and distribute the resources as pr the requirements, it may create some problems to run a family. To avoid this situation, the planning of a essential. Proper planning of Home-Budget leads to a happy family life. “Home-Budget” is Internal Assessment i © scanned with OKEN Scanner2. Monthly Income of Family: (D Father + (Mr, Mohan Paul) Income from salary see) Income from other sources 10,000. Deductions (GPF, LIC, etc.) 7,000: Income tax 1,000 *) Total income 52,000 (607” (QD) Mother — (Mrs. Kiran Paul) : Income from salary 18,000 Deductions (GPF, LIC etc.) 3,000 Income tax 500 ‘Total income 14,500 Grand total income of family = % 52,000 + % 14,500 = % 66,500 3. Monthly Expenditure of Famil Items items Expenditure (in ®) Grossary 4,000 UL. Tution fee 2,000 2 Milk 3,500 2 ‘Newspaper 136 3. | Vegetables 3,000 13, Cosmetics 500 4 Petrol 5,000 14, Medicines 3,000 5. Electricity bill 4,000 15. Clothes 5,000 6 Water bill 700 16. Rent (House) 3,000 7. | Telephone bill 600 1. Ironing 1,000 8. | School fee 4,000 18. Stationary 250 9. | Entertainment 280 vw. LPG. 1,000 10. Servant 800 20. Household items 1,500 Total 43,266, So, monthly expénditure = % 43,266 4. Family Size: Our income and expenditure should be according to the family size. In our society, family size of each family is different. The general family size is as follows: Father > One (Mr. Mohan Paul) Mother > One (Mrs, Kiran Paul) Children > Two (Shubham and Shivika Paul) Total members of the family > Four 5. Savings: Some savings is essential forthe better future ofthe family. This saving can be helpful during needs So, every family makes savings according to their need and reach Total savings = total income - {otal expenditure = ©8650 - Taian stay 6. Conclusion; At the end we can say that a Home-Budget is a very important part of the planning to run a family smoothly. With the help ofthis budget, we ean make our other future plan and stand in the society with great strength and also help our country to some extent. So, every person should make Home-Budget to survive in this society with great joy and happiness, [BY Fopecher wiek® Mathematics (ICSE) — 10 © scanned with OKEN ScannerTopic Conduct a survey in your locality to study the mode of conveyance/prices of various essential commodities/favourite sports. Represent the data, using a bar graph/histogram and estimate the mode. Mode of Conveyance ‘Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Deseription 3. Conclusion 1. Introduction: The people of out locality use different types of mode of conveyance for doing their day-to-day work. On the basis of their financial conditions, work need, and age, they use different types of mode of conveyance. 2. Description: The percentage of different modes of conveyance used by the people of our locality are as follows: [Mode oronveranse Bicycle 10% Rickshaw 5% Auto 18% ‘Two-wheeler 20% Four-wheeler 25% Local bus 15% Local train 10% ‘The above data is represented by using a bar graph as: - Percentage of people. —> Mode of conveyance —> Internal Assessment i © scanned with OKEN ScannerThe number of people, according to their age used different modes of conveyance as follows: Take a sample of 100 people. (in years) 5 le) 10 15 —25 (Rickshaw) 5 25 —35 (Two-wheeler) 20 35 —45 (Auto) 15 45 —55 (Four-wheeler) 25 55 — 65 (Local bus) 1S 65 —75 (Local train) 10 N=100 The above data is represented by using a histogram as: y 4 a 35 3 i tw» pods fas ao bool a, ahieé 5 fa a = az 5 —> Xx © 5 15 25 95 45 55 65 75 ‘Age group (In years) —> 3. Conclusion: Mode = 50 years (four-wheeler) Prices of Various Essential Commodities Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Description 3. Conclusion 1, Introduction: The people of our locality use various essential commodities in their daily life to fulfil their day-to-day needs. On the basis of their financial conditions, they use various essentials commodities. [DE Popecter ewcth® Mathematics (ICSE) — 10 © scanned with OKEN Scanner2. Description: The price of various essential commodities, used by the people of our locality are as follows: Milk Sugar 35 ‘Tea leaf 200 Wheat 30 Rice 50 Pulses 120 Vegetables 0 Fruits 80 Salt 20 Spices 100 The above data is represented by using a bar graph as: 3 Y 8 7 = Vegetables ° Essential commodities —> 3. Conclusion: The prices of various essential commodities indicate the rate of inflation in our country. Favourite Sports Table of Contents 1, Introduction 2. Description 3. Conclusion Internal Assessment | © scanned with OKEN Scannerme Tho peope: 10) va origin fhe fe to maintain good health accord 1, Introduction: The people: i rious sportsin their daily life i {four locality plays 2 sara Cane otpeople playing vatious sports in their daily life are as follows: 3 Percentage of people Cricket 30% Basketball 10% Badminton 15% Skating = Volleyball 10% Hockey 15% The above data is represented by using a bar graph as: yi > Badminton Skating > Basketball = Volleyball Percentage of people —> ° Favourite sports —> The number of people, According to ther ae, pay various sports as: 10—15 (Kabbadi) 10 15—20 (Cricket) 30 20—25 (Football) 1s 25—30 (Hockey) 15 30—35 (Basketball) 10 35—40 (Badminton) 15 N= 100 (22 Together with? Mathematics (ICSE) — 10 © scanned with OKEN Scanner+ Hockey — Basketball + Badminton > Kabbadi Number of people —> > Skating O 5 10 15 20 25 30 36 40 ‘Age group (in years) —> Mode = 10 years (Cricket) Topic ‘To.use a newspaper to study and report on shares and dividends. ‘Table of Contents 1, Introduction 2. Business News 3. Meaning of shares and dividends 4. Discussion of various shares and dividends of different companies 5, Comparative study of shares of different companies 6. Comparative study of profit on sale/purchase of shares of different companies 7, Conclusion Topic Set up a dropper with ink in it vertical at a height, say 20 cm above a horizontally placed sheet of plain paper. Release one ink drop; observe the pattern, if any, on the paper. Vary the vertical distance and repeat, Discover any pattern of relationship between the vertical height and the ink drop observed. Internal Assessment 23 © scanned with OKEN ScannerTable of Contents 1. Materials used 3. Observation 2. Procedure 4, Result 1, Materials used Ink, dropper, plain paper sheet, scale. ‘2, Procedure . . Place a plain paper sheet horizontally and fill the dropper with ink, now release one ink drop from dropper on the sheet from different heights at different places. 3. Observation - ‘ ‘We see circular shapes of released drop of ink on the paper sheet and observe that “As the height of dropper increases, then the size of circular shapes also increases,” as shown in the figure. 25cm 35cm) Radius lem Height of dropper 20cm. 4. Result Radius of circular shapes (R) is directly proportional to the height of dropper (H) above the paper sheet. So, ReH board, You should also have discs of varying sizes with holes (like a doughnut). Start with one disc; place it on (in) stick A. Transfer it to another stick (B oF C); this is one move (m). Now try with two disee placed in A such {hat the large disc Is below and the smaller disc is above (number of discs = n='2), Now tranche them one at a time in B or C to obtain similar situation (larger disc below). How ‘many moves? Try with move discs (n = 1, 2,3, A B c Table of Contents 1. Materials used 2. Procedure 3. Observation 4, Result a ‘Tagether with? Mathematics (ICSE) —10 © scanned with OKEN Scanner1. Materials used ‘Three vertical sticks, horizontal board, discs of varying si having holes. 2. Procedure For I dise ‘Stuck three ver ical sticks on a eel board 20 cm apart. Now start with one disc, place it on (in) stick A. c (1 Disc experiment) ‘Transfer it to another stick C. A an RON c (1 Move) (1 Disc experiment) For 2 dises Now try with two discs placed in A such that the larger disc is below and the smaller disc is above it. Now transfer disc number 2 from stick A to stick B and disc number 1, from stick A to stick C. La (2 Moves) 2, (2 Discs experiment) 3 Moves) Now transfer disc number 2 from stick B to stick C. > esr rrr re c (1 Move) (2 Discs experiment) Similarly, try this experiment with three, four, etc. discs to obtain similar situation, For 3 discs 7 B {@ Discs experiment) Now transfer disc number 3 from stick A to stick C. Internal Assessment | 25. © scanned with OKEN Scannerje i experiment) (1 move) (31s ‘Transfer dise number 2 from stick A to stick B, WA 10 (2 moves) (@ Discs experiment) Transfer disc number 3 from stick C to stick B. A B | Ik tee 208 (3 Discs experiment) ‘Transfer disc number 1 from stick A to stick C. A a Discs experiment) ‘Transfer disc number 3 from stick B to stick A. A B aa 0 (3 moves) 10 (5 moves) (3 Discs experiment) ‘Transfer disc number 2 from stick B to stick C, A B c (6 moves) (3 Discs experiment) 26 Together with® Mathematics (ICSE) — 10 © scanned with OKEN Scanner‘Transfer disc number 3 from stick A to stick C. A Va c (8 Discs experiment) (Note. Our aim is to keep larger dise below) 3. Observation Number of discs 1 2 Number of moves 1 3 7 4, Result ‘Number of moves of dises = 2*— 1, where m= number of dises 'PROJECT NO. 8 Topic ‘The board has some holes to hold marbles, red on one side and blue on the other. Start with one pair, Interchange the positions by making one move at a time. A marble can jump over another to fill the hole behind. The move (m) ‘equals 3. Try with 2 (n = 2) and more. Find the relationship between n and m. OO90@OO v Blue Table of Contents 1. Materials used 2. Procedure 3. Observation 4. Calculations —_5. Result 1. Materials used ‘A cardboard having holes, red and blue marbles. 2. Procedure Set a cardboard having seven holes horizontally and then fill the holes by using red and blue marbles, as red ‘on one side and the blue on the other side. Now interchange the positions by making one move at a time in any manner. 3. Observation OOOO000] »(OOGO8OO [@08000] °(@@OOOCO »[CO@®OCO and so on. Internal Assessment 21 © scanned with OKEN Scanner4, Calculations Now count the number of moves (m), So, m= 1P, = 7 6= 42, When n= 2 (where n -» no. of marbles) S. Result m=", ‘Where m= no, of moves, q= no. of holes, = no, of marbles Topic ‘Take a square sheet of paper of side 10 cm. Four small squares are to be cut from the corners of the square sheet serrate the paper folded atthe cuts to form an open box. What should be the size of the squares cut so tha the volume of the open box is maximum? Table of Contents 1. Materials used 2. Procedure 3. Observation 4. Calculation 5. Result 1, Materials used Square sheet of paper of si 2. Procedure Take a square sheet of paper of side 10 cm. Cut small the side of small square say ‘x’ cm and then th x 10cm, cutting tool. (in cm) 8 20/3 6 b> | aces 8 203 6 ho (in cm) I 5/3 2 vo z 20, 20,5 (inem) Bx 8x 1=64 ays ao 6*6x2=72 5. Result ‘The sizeof the squares cu should be 5/3 cm, so that the Volume ofthe ‘open box is maximum, BBY Aapecher ath® Mathematics (ICSE) —10 © scanned with OKEN Scanner‘Topic ‘ake an open box, four sets of marbles (ensuring that marbles in each set are of the same size) and some water. By placing the marbles and water in the box, attempt to answer the question: Do larger marbles or smaller marbles ‘occupy more volume in a given space? ‘Table of Contents 1, Materials used 2. Procedure 3, Observation 4, Result 1. Materials used An open box, four sets of marbles, some water. 2. Procedure ‘Take an open box and put the set of marbles and some water into the box. (Set of marbles has 6 marbles of diameter 1 cm each). Repeat the experiment with other set of marbles of different size. 3. Observation (a) Larger marbles occupy more volumes in a given space. 4. Result (@) Ifthe number of marbles is the same, then volume occupied by marbles is directly proportional to the size of marble, (©) Ifthe size of marbles isthe same, then volume occupied by marblesis directly proportional tothe number of marbles. Internal Assessment [BM © scanned with OKEN ScannerTopic {An eccentric artist says that the best paintings have the same area as their perimeter (numerically). Let us not argue whether such sizes increase the viewers’ appreciation, but only try and find what sides (in integers only) a rectangle must have ifits area and perimeter are to be equal (note: there are only two such rectangles). Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Procedure 3. Result 1. Introduction ‘An eccentric artist says that the best paintings have the same area as their perimeter in case of rectangles. 2. Procedure Draw different rectangles of different dimensions as: (@) In rectangle ABCD Ds. ¢ ‘Area, A= 1 x b; Perimeter, P = 2 (I + 6) = A=1x2=2em? and P=2(1+2)=6em (6) In rectangle EFGH A=2x4=8em? and P=2(2+4)= 12cm Hom Aion 8 20m (©) Imrectangle PORS A=3x6= 18cm and P = 2(3 + 6) = 18em So, we observe that in the third case area and perimeter is same. be 3. Result eon Hence, if length of the rectangle is 6 cm and breadth of rectangle is 3 cm, then area and perimeter will be same numerically. Topic Find by construction the centre of a circle, using only a 60-30 set square and a pencil. Table of Contents 1. Materials used 2. Procedure 3. Result (BO) apccher with ® Mathematics (ICSE) — 10 © scanned with OKEN Scanner1, Materials used Plain paper, 60°-30° set square, pencil, te, 2, Procedure (a) Drawa circle of any radius. (b)_ Now put 60°-30" set square on the circle as (0 Now, move the set-square upward so as to bring one corner of set-square at the circumference of the (d) Draw the line PQ and PR along the sides of set square as chords of circle now remove the set-square. (6) Draw perpendicular bisector of PO and PR, which meet ata point O, which isthe centre of the circle. 3. Result ‘ Oisthe required centre of the given circle. Bead Topic Various types of “Cryptarithm”. A cryptarithmetic is a type of mathematical puzzle in which the digits are replaced by letters of the alphabet or other symbols. Tofind the solution you have to find the original digits. Making and solving such puzzles are called eryptarithmetic. 1. ‘Try to understand the rules to solve such mathematical puzzles: * Each letter or symbol represents only one digit throughout the problem. + When letters are replaced by their digits the resultant arithmetical ‘operation must be correct. ‘+ Numbers must not begin with a zero. + There must be only one solution to the problem. Internal Assessment [34 © scanned with OKEN Scanner2, We follow the following steps to solve such problems: Step (#) Write the problems in columns, leaving gaps in between letters for writing trial numbers, Step (ii) Look for 0 or 9 in addition and subtractions. Consider the following example: eee Laeat A A +A=Aimplies that A = Oif there is no carry over from the previous column. Itis 9 if a carry over is received from the previous column. +B ettat 7B In this case A = 0, adding 0 to any digit will give the same digit as the answer. seeps tees Tee Ae In this case, again A = 0, as a number subtracted from equal number always gives zero if 1 has not been borrowed from B and A will be 9 if 1 has been borrowed from B. Step (ii) Look for 1 in additions or subtraction, observe left hand di Bree . If single, they are probably 1. Atte epAeere In this example, A can only be 1 asit has been carried over from the previous column. This means that whenever an addition of p digits gives a total of p + 1 digits, the left hand digit of the total must be 1. Bre TS5F Inthis example B = Solution: B+1=8 => B=8-1=7 A+B => A+7=1 (is ones digit) A+ Tecan either 1 oF 21, WhenA+7=11 => A=11-7=4 WhenA+7=21 = A=21-7= 14 (not possible) Thus A= 4 and “2AB ABL is +471 Bis 718 [BAY Aegecher with Mathematics (ICSE) — 10 © scanned with OKEN Scanner