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Ge RPH - Lesson 1

History is commonly defined as the recorded events of the past, though definitions and interpretations vary. Historians analyze primary sources such as written documents, artifacts, oral histories and more to reconstruct past events and examine how people have struggled for freedom and a better life over time. Sources are classified as primary if they come directly from the past or secondary if they are later analyses or compilations based on primary sources.

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CHRISTINE JADUCANA
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42 views4 pages

Ge RPH - Lesson 1

History is commonly defined as the recorded events of the past, though definitions and interpretations vary. Historians analyze primary sources such as written documents, artifacts, oral histories and more to reconstruct past events and examine how people have struggled for freedom and a better life over time. Sources are classified as primary if they come directly from the past or secondary if they are later analyses or compilations based on primary sources.

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CHRISTINE JADUCANA
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GE RPH – LESSON 1 HISTORIAN: Analyzes records of the past

MEANING AND RELEVANCE OF HISTORY HISTOGRAPHY: Imaginative reconstruction of the


past from the data derived
How Do You Define History?
“History is written by every generation. Every • Historians are like detectives who gather
generation writes its own history using the same information or evidence to put together the story of
sources. The interpretations vary according to time” the past.
– TEODORO A. AGONCILLO • They gather evidence from different sources, such
as archaeological digs, manuscripts, etc.
Defining history Etymology
For the Greeks, history is: ἱστορία “learning” Core Protocols in Handling sources
1. Base their accounts on source materials
•Aristotle: Defined history as a systematic account 2. Locate and organize the relevant sources on
of a set of natural phenomena, whether or not a which they will base their report
chronological ordering was a factor in the history. 3. Verify sources – to date them, to determine their
•For the romans, history is: Scientia Non- place of origin, and to identify their intended
chronological, systematic accounts of natural functions.
phenomena
•History - Referred to the accounts of phenomena Further, the methods of historical analysis
in chronological order comprise:
•For the Germans, history is: Geschichte Derived • the selection of subject;
from the word, “geschehen,” meaning “to happen” • the collection of sources;
•History is commonly defined as “the past of • the examination of genuineness; and
mankind” • the extraction from sources (Gottschalk, 1969).

Defining history What are sources? Where do I get them? Historical


Sources Sources are:
• Objects from the past or testimony concerning
the past (Howell, 2A001)
• Tangible remains of the past (Brundage, 2001) •
Artifacts

Historical Sources (Primary and non-written)


WRITTEN: Published materials Manuscripts
(handwritten or type-recorded) Archives, memoirs,
and diaries
NON-WRITTEN: Oral history Artifacts, ruins, fossils,
artwork, Video recordings, audio recordings

Constantino (2010) defined history as the recorded Kinds of Historical Sources (Primary and
struggle of people for ever-increasing freedom and Secondary)
newer and higher realization of the human person. PRIMARY:
Not a plain narrative/chronology of events, nor •Source which come directly from the past •Gives
about heroes and great men, but of people’s efforts first-hand information
to attain a better life. SECONDARY:
•Evidences that come from a later date
How would you know if it’s part of the past? •Written after the event
HISTORICAL METHOD
•Louis R. Gottschalk (1969) defined historical
method as the process of critically examining and
analyzing the records and survivals of the past.
•Historical method is considered as the agreed
ground rules for researching and writing academic
research or professional history.
Primary sources (EXAMPLES) Magazines/Legislative Journals
Human Fossils/Artifacts

Royal Decrees/Laws
Court Records/Letters

Chronicles/journals/Diaries
Speeches and Blogs

Online database/Documentaries

Maps/Memoirs

Personal accounts/Newspapers
Recorded interviews (Audio, video, and Pictures)
Primary sources (Repositiories)
National Archives of the Philippines

DSLU Library

National Historical Commission of the Philippines

UST Library

National Museum of the Philippines

Library of Congress

UP Main Library

National Archives and Records Administration

ADMU Rizal Library


Archivo General de Indias Ayala Museum

Secondary sources (EXAMPLES)

Kinds of Secondary Sources


Archivo General de Nacion • Quotes
• Textbooks
• Compilations
• Scholarly journal articles
• Biographies/Auto-biographies
• Criticisms/Analysis on literary works
• Commentaries (election, events, people)

References • Claur, A. (2018). The Importance of


Credible and Authentic Primary Sources. The
American Historical Collection Source. Post-Test a.

Historical sources can be (1) primary/written and


non-written.
b. A burial jar is a kind of (2) non-written source.
c. (3) Aristotle said that history is systematic.
d. Those who analyze the records of the past are
called (4) historian.
e. Problem of Credibility is also referred to as
(5)___________ criticism.

Lopez Memorial Museum

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