Forms, Scaffolding and Staging
Forms, Scaffolding and Staging
SCAFFOLDING
and STAGING
FORMS
It is a temporary boarding, sheating or pan used to
produce
the desired shape and size of concrete.
Forms must be simple and economically designed
in such manner that they are easily removed and
reassembled without damage to themselves or to
the concrete.
SELECTION OF FORMS ARE BASED ON
Cost of the Materials
Construction and assembling cost
The number of times it could be used
Strength and resistance to pressure and
tear and wear
CLASSIFICATION OF
FORMS
As to Materials
Wood Plastic
Metal Composite
As to Shape
Straight Circular, etc
Solid or Hollow cast
Single
Double
As to Methods of Construction
Ordinary
Unit
As to Uses
Foundation
Wall
Steps
Beam and Girders
Slab
Sidewalk, etc
Construction of forms consist of:
Retaining Board
Supporter or Studs
Braces
Spacer
Tie wire
Bolts and Nails
Types of Post and Wall Form
Continuos
Full unit
Layer unit
a) Continuos
b) Sectional
Greasing of Forms
Forms are constantly greased before its use.
Crude oil is the most economical and satisfactory materials for this
purpose
PURPOSE:
a) To make the wood waterproof
b) Prevent the adherence of concrete into the pores of the wood
Plywood as Form has the following
advantages
It is economical in terms of labor cost.
It is lightweight and handy
It has smooth surface which may not require plastering
Less consumption of nails
Ease of assembling and disassembling
Available
Thickness
4, 6, 12, 20, 25
Standard Commercial Sizes
0.90 x 1.80 meters
1.20 x 2.40 meters
FORMS FOR SQUARE
AND RECTANGULAR
COLUMN
Consideration in determining the materials for square
and rectangular column forms
The thickness of the board to be
used.
The size of the frame.
Types of frameworks to be adopted
a) Continuous rib type
b) Stud type
Example No.1
Six concrete posts at 4.00
meters high with a uniform
cross sectional dimensions
of 0.30 X 0.30m. specify the
use of 6mm (1/4”) marine
plywood on a 2”X2” wood
frame. List down the
materials required
A. Solving for the Plywood
1) Find the lateral perimeter of one column using the formula
P= 2(a+b) +0.20
P= 2(0.30+0.30) +0.20
P=1.40
2) Multiply P by the column height and the number of columns
to find the total area of forms.
Area=1.40 X 4.00 X 6 columns
A= 33.6 sq. m.
3) Divide this area by 2.88, the area of one plywood to get the
number of plywood required.
No. of Plywood : (33.6/2.88) = 11.7 say 12 pcs.
B. Solve for the 2”X2” wood frame by direct counting
From Figure 5‐2, by direct counting of the frame:
12 pcs. 2”X2”X16’ = 56 bd ft.
1 pcs. 2”X2” X10’= 3.3 bd. ft
________________________
Total = 356 bd ft
C. Solving the 2”X 2” frame with the Aid of Table 5‐2
1) Refer to Table 5‐1. For 2X2 frame under Post 6 mm (1/4”) thick, multiply
the number of plywood found by 29.67.
12 Plywood X 29.67= 356 board foot.
2) Order: 12 pcs.
1.20 X 2.40 (4’X8’) plywood
356 board feet
2”X2” lumber
FORMS FOR CIRCULAR
COLUMN
From Figure 5‐4, determine the required metal black sheet form
for 8 circular columns 4.00 meters high each with a uniform
cross‐ sectional diameter of 60 centimetres.
Solution:
1)Solve for the circumference of one column
C= 3.1416 X 0.60m. = 1.88 meters
2) Multiply by column height to find the surface area
Area: 1.88 X 4.00 = 7.52 sq. m
3) Find the area of the 8 columns, multiply
Total surface area: 7.52 X 8 = 60.16 sq. m
4) Find the number of sheet required. Refer to Table 5‐2.
Using 1.20 X 2.40m. black sheet, multiply:
No. of sheet: 60.16 X 0.347= 21 pcs.
5) Find the number of Vertical Support (ribs) at 15 cm spacing
distance. Refer again to Table 5‐2.
Multiply:
Vert. support: 60.16 X 25 = 1, 504 meters
6) Convert to commercial length of steel bars says 6.00 meters
long. Divide:
1,504/6.00 =251 pcs. (consult the plan what
kind of steel bars used)
7) Solve for the Circumferential Ties. Again, refer to Table 5‐2.
Multiply:
Ties: 60.16 X 9.52 = 572.7 say 573 meters
8) Convert to commercial length of steel bars say
6.00 meters Divide:
573.00/6.00= 95.5 say 96 pcs( consult the
plan what kind of bars used)
FORMS FOR BEAM
AND GIRDER
Ten concrete beams with cross sectional dimensions of 0.30 by 0.60 meter
has a uniform clear span of 4.50 meters. Using ¼” 4’X8’ plywood form on
2”X2” lumber frame. List down the materials required.
A. Finding the Plywood Form
1) Find the lateral perimeter of the beam
P=2(d) + b + 0.10
2) Substitute data in the formula:
P=2(0.60) + 0.30 + 0.10=1.60
3) Multiply P by the length and number of beams to get the area
of the forms.
Area: 1.60 X 4.50m. X 10 columns
A=72 sq. m.
4) Divide by 2.88 to get the number of plywood required.
No. of Plywood : 72/2.88 = 25 pcs
B. Solving for 2”X2” Wood Frame
1) Refer to Table 5‐1. Under column beam using 6mm ¼ “ thick plywood on 2”
X2” frame, multiply:
25 X 25.06=626 bd. ft.
2) Order : 25 pcs. ¼ “ X 4’ X 8’ plywood form
626 board ft. 2” X2” lumber
Scaffolding and
Staging
Scaffolding
Scaffolding is a temporary structure
of wooden poles and planks
providing platform for workers to
stand on while erecting or repairing
of building. It is further defined as
temporary framework for other
purposes.
Staging
Staging is a more substantial
framework progressively built up
as a tall building rises up. The term
staging is applied because it is built
up in stages one story at a time.
The different parts of scaffolding to
consider are:
Vertical Support
Base of Vertical Support ( as needed)
Horizontal member
Diagonal Braces
Blocks and weighs
Nails or bolts
Cost of forms refer to:
Initial
cost of materials
Assembling cost
The number of times it could be
used
Durability to resist pressure, and
tear and wear
ESTIMATING
SCAFFOLDING AND
STAGING
A reinforced concrete building has 9 columns with a clear height of
4.00 meters as shown on figure 5‐8. Determined the required
scaffolding under the following specifications: 2” X 3” Vertical
support: 2” X2” Horizontal and Diagonal braces.
A. Scaffolding for Columns
1) Find the total length of the 9 columns.
4.00 X 9 columns= 36 meters
2) Refer to Table 5‐3. Using 2”X 3” vertical support, multiply:
36 X 7.00= 252 bd. ft 2”X 3” X 14 ft.
3) Find the horizontal supports. Refer to Table 5‐3, using 2” X 2”
lumber, multiply:
36 X 21.00= 756 bd. ft. 2” X 2” lumber
4) Find the diagonal braces. From Table 5‐3, multiply:
36 X 11.7= 421 bd. ft. 2” X 2” lumber
B. Scaffolding for Beams
1) Find the total length of 6 beams
Length: ( 4.50 X 6) + (4.00 X 6)= 51 meters
2) Refer again to Table 5‐3
a) For vertical support using 2” X 3” lumber, multiply:
51 X 6.00 = 306 bd. ft.
b) For horizontal support using 2” X 2” lumber,
multiply
51 X 4.70 = 240 bd. ft.
C. Scaffolding for Concrete Slab
1) Find the area of the concrete floor slab
Area= 4.50 X 4.00 X 4 units = 72 sq. m
2) Refer to Table 5‐3. Using 2”X 3” support, multiply:
72 X 9.10= 655 bd. ft.
D. Floor Slab Forms
1) Find the floor area:
Area =( 4.50 X 4.00 X 4 units) = 72 sq. m.
2) Divide by 2.88 effective covering of one plywood
72/ 2.88 = 25 pcs. 4’ X 8’ marine plywood
Summary of the Materials:
For Columns.................. 252 bd. ft. 2” X 3”
1,177 bd. ft. 2” X 2”
For Beams…………………..306 bd. ft. 2” X 3”
240 bd. ft. 2” X 2”
For Slab……………………….655 bd. ft. 2” X 3”
Floor Slab Form…………..25 4’ X 8’ plywood
STEEL PIPE
SCAFFOLDINGS
Steel pipe scaffolding can be used freely to prefabricate
height and width according to the places and forms to
install.