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Polarity Test On Single Phase Transformers and Three Phase Transformer Connections

1. The document describes experiments to test single-phase and three-phase transformer connections and identify polarity, induced voltages, and harmonic components. 2. Key connections tested include star-star, star-delta using individual transformers or a single three-phase transformer. 3. Observations of voltages, currents and their frequency spectra are made to analyze phenomena like third harmonic circulating currents and phase shifting between connections.

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Pavan Dakore
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478 views

Polarity Test On Single Phase Transformers and Three Phase Transformer Connections

1. The document describes experiments to test single-phase and three-phase transformer connections and identify polarity, induced voltages, and harmonic components. 2. Key connections tested include star-star, star-delta using individual transformers or a single three-phase transformer. 3. Observations of voltages, currents and their frequency spectra are made to analyze phenomena like third harmonic circulating currents and phase shifting between connections.

Uploaded by

Pavan Dakore
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Polarity Test On Single Phase Transformers And Three Phase Transformer

Connections

Aim

1. To identify the similar polarity terminals of the two winding's of a single phase
transformer
2. To make a three phase transformer bank connection using three single phase
transformers (star- star) and (Star Delta).
3. To study the exciting current and induced emf phenomenon in various three
phase transformer bank connection. (star- star) and (Star-Delta). 4. To find the third
harmonic circulating current in delta winding.
5. To identify the harmonic components of exciting current and induced emf in
various transformer connection. (star- star) and (Star Delta).
6. To make a three phase transformer connection using a single three phase
transformer(star- star) and (Star Delta).
7. To study the exciting current and induced emf phenomenon in single unit three
phase transformer connection. (star- star) and (Star Delta).
8. To identify the harmonic components of exciting current and induced emf in
single unit three phase transformer connection. (star- star) and (Star Delta). 9. To study
of phase shifting phenomenon of transformer connection

Name Plate Rating of Machine(s) :

Single Phase Transformer:


1. Rated Primary Voltage (V): 0-115-199-230
2. Rated Secondary Voltage (V): 0-57-99-115
3. Rated KVa: 1.5
4. Rated Frequency: 50/60Hz

Auto Phase Transformer:


1. Input : 240V
Output : 0 to 270V
2. Capacity : 12 Amp
Theory:

We know that current flows from high voltage to low voltage, the reason being potential
difference. Electrical polarity determines the direction of current flow. In case of DC
machines, one of the poles will always remain postive and other one always negative. In
case of AC machines, the polarity changes periodically. There is a dotted terminal on
each one of the windings. If current enters the dotted terminal of one winding then a
positive voltage will be induced in the dotted terminal of the second winding. Again, if
the current leaves the dotted terminal of one winding, polarity of the voltage induced in
the other winding will be negative at the dotted terminal of the second winding. This is
called dotted convention.

3 phase connections of single phase transformers:

STAR-STAR connection
The star-star connection of the transformer is shown by the figure. One terminal of
three windings is coupled at a common point (called the neutral point) on each
main and secondary side, and the other end of each winding is drawn out as the
line terminal. In a star-star connection, the phase current is equal to the line
current, and they are in phase. The phase voltage is roughly three times that of the
line voltage. In addition, the line and phase voltages are 30 degrees out of phase.

STAR-DELTA connection

The primary winding is connected in star and the secondary winding is connected
in delta when a transformer is connected in a star-delta configuration.

Primary Winding
Because the principal winding is interconnected in a star pattern. As a result, the
primary line voltage is root three times higher than the primary phase voltage, and
the primary line current is the same as the primary phase current.

Secondary Winding
In a delta design, the secondary winding is connected to the primary winding. As a
result, the secondary side of the transformer's line voltage will be equal to the
phase voltage, while the line current will be root three times the phase current.

In a star-delta connection, the secondary phase voltages are +30° ahead of the
primary phase voltages, and the phase relationship between the respective line
voltages is the same.

Phasor Diagram

Instruments used:

Instruments specification Quantity


1 phase transformer I/p : 240V,O/p : 0 to 270V 3

3 phase transformers 1.5kVA, 50/60 Hz, 1


Primary (0-115-199-230) V
Secondary (0-57-99-115) V
Voltmeter

Analytical Expressions Used For The Test

Additive Property V3 = V1 + V2
Subtractive Property V3 = |V1 + V2|
Graphs or waveforms

Primary Exciting Current in Star-Star connection (Time Domain)

Frequency Spectra of Primary Exciting Current in Star-Star Connection (By taking


FFT)
Primary Voltage in Star-Star Connection (Time Domain)

Frequency Spectra of Primary Voltage in Star-Star Connection (By taking FFT)


Secondary Voltage in Star-Star Connection (Time Domain)

Frequency Spectra of Secondary Voltage in Star-Star Connection (By taking FFT)


Primary Exciting Current in Star-Delta Connection (Time Domain)

Frequency Spectra of Primary Exciting Current in Star-Delta Connection (By taking


FFT)
Primary Voltage in Star-Delta Connection (Time Domain)

Frequency Spectra of Primary Voltage in Star-Delta Connection (By taking FFT)


Secondary Voltage in Star-Star Connection (Time Domain)

Frequency Spectra of Secondary Voltage in Star-Delta Connection (By taking FFT)


Test Connection Diagram.
Connection diagram-1 (for polarity test)

Connection diagram-2 (star star connection)


Connection diagram-3 (star delta connection)

Procedure

Polarity test
1. Make the connections as per the connection diagram-1 (polarity test connection
diagram)
2. Auto transformer is adjusted to minimum position and power supply is switched on.
3. Vary the auto transformer such that V1 reads around 50V, and observe the
voltmeter reading connected in between the winding, and V2, note down the
readings.
4. If V=V1+V2, Move the auto transformer to minimum position, switch off the
power supply and alter transformer terminal connection (alter primary or
secondary). Repeat the steps 1 to 4
5. If V=V1-V2, mark the polarity of the transformer, Move the auto transformer to
minimum position, switch off the power supply

Star Star Connection (Transformer bank)


1. Make the connections as per the connection diagram-2 (Star Star Connection) 2.
Auto transformer is adjusted to minimum position and power supply is switched on.
3. Vary the auto transformer such that primary voltmeter reads around 230V.
4. Observe the Primary voltage, secondary voltage and primary exciting current in
oscilloscope using high voltage probes and current sensors.
5. Do the FFT analysis in oscilloscope or Matlab
6. Move the auto transformer to minimum position, switch off the power supply

Star delta Connection (Transformer bank)


1. Make the connections as per the connection diagram-3(Star Delta Connection) 2.
Auto transformer is adjusted to minimum position and power supply is switched on.
3. Vary the auto transformer such that primary voltmeter reads around 230V.
4. Observe the Primary voltage, secondary voltage and primary exciting current in
oscilloscope using high voltage probes and current sensors.
5. Do the FFT analysis in oscilloscope or Matlab
6. Move the auto transformer to minimum position, switch off the power supply

Star Star Connection (Single unit 3 phase transformer)


1. Make the connections as per the connection diagram-2. Connect the 3 phase power
supply to 0-230V side. (Star Star Connection)
2. Auto transformer is adjusted to minimum position and power supply is switched on.
3. Vary the auto transformer such that primary voltmeter reads around 230V.
4. Observe the Primary voltage, secondary voltage and primary exciting current in
oscilloscope using high voltage probes and current sensors.
5. Do the FFT analysis of obtained voltages and currents in oscilloscope or Matlab
6. Move the auto transformer to minimum position, switch off the power supply

Star delta Connection (Single unit 3 phase transformer)


1. Make the connections as per the connection diagram-3. Connect the 3 phase power
supply to (0-230V) side.(Star Delta Connection)
2. Auto transformer is adjusted to minimum position and power supply is switched on.
3. Vary the auto transformer such that primary voltmeter reads around 230V.
4. Observe the Primary voltage, secondary voltage and primary exciting current in
oscilloscope using high voltage probes and current sensors.
5. Do the FFT analysis of obtained voltages and currents in oscilloscope or Matlab
6. Move the auto transformer to minimum position, switch off the power supply.
Observations

Additive polarity
V1 V2 V3 V1+V2

50 25 75 75

Substractive polarity
V1 V2 V3 V1 - V2

50 25 25 25

Inference:

1.) By performing the polarity test we found out the polarity of terminals of
transformers.
2.) Additive and Subtractive property of transformers can be observed from this.
3.) Presence and absence of third harmonic is observed in primary voltage, secondary
voltage and exciting current in star-star and star delta connection respectively.
4.) Star delta connection is preferred over star-star connection.

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