Intro To Meter
Intro To Meter
to
Meter
A
stress
or
accent
is
the
greater
amount
of
force
given
to
one
syllable
than
another.
English
is
a
language
in
which
all
syllables
are
stressed
or
unstressed,
and
traditional
poetry
in
English
has
used
stress
patterns
as
a
fundamental
structuring
device.
Meter
is
simply
the
rhythmic
pattern
of
stresses
in
verse.
To
scan
a
poem
means
to
read
it
for
meter,
an
operation
whose
noun
form
is
scansion.
This
can
be
tricky,
for
although
we
register
and
reproduce
stresses
in
our
everyday
language,
we
are
usually
not
aware
of
what
we’re
going.
Learning
to
scan
means
making
a
more
or
less
unconscious
operation
conscious.
There
are
four
types
of
meter
in
English:
iambic,
trochaic,
anapestic,
and
dactylic.
Each
is
named
for
a
basic
foot
(usually
two
or
three
syllables
with
one
strong
stress).
Iambs
are
feet
with
an
unstressed
syllable,
followed
by
a
stressed
syllable.
Only
in
nursery
rhymes
to
do
we
tend
to
find
totally
regular
meter,
which
has
a
singsong
effect,
Chidiock
Tichborne’s
poem
being
a
notable
exception.
Here
is
a
single
line
from
Emily
Dickinson
that
is
totally
regular
iambic:
_
/
│
_
/
│
_
/
│
_
/
My
life
had
stood
–
a
loaded
Gun
–
This
line
serves
to
notify
readers
that
the
basic
form
of
the
poem
will
be
iambic
tetrameter,
or
four
feet
of
iambs.
The
lines
that
follow
are
not
so
regular.
Trochees
are
feet
with
a
stressed
syllable,
followed
by
an
unstressed
syllable.
Trochaic
meter
is
associated
with
chants
and
magic
spells
in
English:
/
_
│
/
_
│
/
_
│
/
_
Double,
double,
toil
and
trouble,
/
_
│
/
_
│
/
_
│
/
_
Fire
burn
and
cauldron
bubble.
An
anapest
consists
of
two
unstressed
syllables,
followed
by
a
stressed
syllable.
We
find
anapestic
meter
in
“Annabel
Lee”:
_
_
/
│
_
_
/
│
_
_
/
│
_
/
It
was
many
and
many
a
year
ago
_
_
/
│
_
_
│
_
/
In
a
kingdom
by
the
sea
A
dactylic
foot
contains
one
stressed
syllable,
followed
by
two
unstressed
syllables.
It
is
relatively
rare
in
English.
A
word
like
“murmuring”
and
“pussycat”
are
dactyls.
2
Iambs
and
anapests
are
called
rising
meters;
trochees
and
dactyls,
falling
meters.
Another
kind
of
foot,
which
consists
of
two
stressed
syllables,
is
called
the
spondee
or
strong
foot.
Often
poems
will
end
lines
with
a
single,
stressed
syllable,
which
we
call
a
monosyllabic
foot.
If
both
syllables
are
unstressed,
we
call
it
a
weak
foot.
Going
back
to
Donne’s
stanza
from
“Holy
Sonnet
14,”
which
we
looked
at
in
class,
when
we
divide
it
into
feet,
we
find
that
each
line
has
five
and
that
the
feet
are
predominately
iambic.
Five
iambic
feet
in
a
line
is
called
iambic
pentameter,
the
most
popular
verse
form
in
the
English
language.
Dickinson,
on
the
other
hand,
favors
iambic
tetrameter,
with
four
iambic
feet
per
line,
which
is
also
the
traditional
meter
for
ballads.
The
names
for
number
are
Greek,
so
we
have
monometer
for
one
foot,
dimeter
for
two,
trimeter
for
three,
tetrameter
for
four,
pentameter
for
five,
hexameter
for
six.
If
there
is
a
pause
within
a
poetic
line,
we
call
it
a
caesura.
If
a
line
ends
with
a
full
pause—
usually
marked
by
punctuation,
we
call
it
end-‐stopped.
If
there
is
no
punctuation
at
the
end
of
a
line,
so
that
a
phrase
keeps
going
into
the
next
line,
we
say
the
line
is
enjambed.
Dickinson’s
line
has
a
caesura,
and
it
is
end-‐stopped.
Here’s
a
couple
of
lines
from
Donne’s
poem,
which
are
enjambed:
Batter
my
heart,
three-‐personed
God,
for
You
As
yet
but
knock,
breathe,
shine,
and
seek
to
mend.
Notice
that
there
are
multiple
caesurae
in
each
line.
These
lines
are
iambic
pentameter.