School of Accounting

and Management
[Information Systems and
Organizations]
Student:[Tyriek Romany]

Major：[Business Computing]

[07/02/2023]
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
OVERVIEW..................................................................................................................................................1
TASK ONE - INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS)...........................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................2
DEFINE THE IS...................................................................................................................................3
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS..........................................................................................3
TWO MAIN TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN TOYOTA..............................................4
IMPORTANCE OF IS IN BUSINESS...............................................................................................5
BENEFITS IS PROVIES TO ORGANIZATIONS...........................................................................5
COMPETITVE ADVANTAGE OF IS IN TOYOTA........................................................................6
CONCLUTION.....................................................................................................................................6
TASK TWO - WEBSITE EVALUATION...................................................................................................7
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................7
HOW WELL THE WEBSITE CATERS TO IT’S CONSUMER’S NEEDS..................................7
HCI PRINCIPLES................................................................................................................................8
Jakob Nielsen and Rolf Molich presented heuristics interaction design principles often
known as HCI principles. These recommendations were made to aid in the creation of UIs.
These are not requirements. They serve just as a broad guide..................................................8
CONCLUTION...................................................................................................................................16
TASK THREE - SOCIAL, LEGAL, AND ETHICAL ISSUES...............................................................17
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................17
TOYOTA’S CONSIDERATIONS INTO BEING ENVIRONMENTALY FRIENDLY.................17
HOW THE OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS HELPS TOYOTA TO STAY
ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY.................................................................................................18
CONCLUTION...................................................................................................................................18
TASK FOUR - COST OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE......................................19
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................19
TOYOTA’S TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGY..........................................19
TOYOTA’S STRATEGY TO REDUCE TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE COST.....20
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................20
TASK FIVE - IS BENEFITS.....................................................................................................................21
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................21
HOW CAN IS INCREASE AN ORGANIZATIONS TRACTION.................................................21
HOW CAN AN IS PROVE TO BE BENIFICIAL TO AN ORGANIZATION TO INCREASE
CUSTOMER BASE...........................................................................................................................21
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................22
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................23
OVERVIEW

Toyota Motor Corporation, typically know as just Toyota was established by Kiichira Toyoda in
Toyota City. It became a corporation in 1937 on August 28. It became one of the biggest
automakers in the world and produced around 10 million automobiles annually. The business
was first established as a subsidiary of Toyota Industries, which was created by a machine
manufacturer by the name of Sakichi Toyoda, which is Kiichira’s father. The Toyota Group, one
of the biggest corporations in the world, now includes both businesses.
Toyota Motor Corporation had plans to start producing cars in 2022 under the Daihatsu, Hino,
Lexus, and Toyota brand names. The business also has investments in joint ventures that
produce vehicles in China, the Czech Republic, India, and the United States. Toyota's stock
exchange is traded on the London Stock Exchange, Nogoya Stock Exchange, New York Stock
Exchange, and Tokyo Stock Exchange. It is a component of the Nikkei 225 and TOPIX Core30
indexes.

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TASK ONE - INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS)

INTRODUCTION

In this job, the phrase "IS" (Information System) will be discussed, along with its description, use
in organizations, justifications for having one, and advantages for businesses. The application
and advantages of an IS will be covered in detail in this assignment, and by the end of the task,
the idea of an IS will be clear. The assignment will count the number of IS in the business and
describe their operation. There will be a discussion of the necessity for an IS, its
implementation, and how it aids businesses in retaining and satisfying customers.

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DEFINE THE IS

An information system is a combination of software, hardware, and telecommunication networks

to collect useful data, especially in an organization. Many businesses use information
technology to complete and manage their operations, interact with their consumers, and stay
ahead of their competition. Some companies today are completely built on information
technology, like eBay, Amazon, Alibaba, and Google.

TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Businesses use six main types of information systems in their operations, each to a different
extent.

Transaction Processing System

A transaction process system (TPS) is an information processing system where business

transactions are gathered, altered and retrieved quickly and efficiently. Any business in
operation conducts several transactions at once, yet there is no delay in transaction processing,
and each transaction's outcomes are visible right away.Transaction processing mistakes can
happen, although they are rare, acceptable, and do not call for the system to be shut down.

Management Information System

People, technology, organizations, and their interactions are the subjects of this research. MIS
specialists assist businesses in getting the most out of their investments in people, technology,
and operational procedures. MIS is a people-focused industry with a focus on providing services
using technology. A degree in MIS could be right for you if you're interested in technology and
want to utilize it to make people's lives better.

Expert systems
With the help of this cutting edge system, knowledge may be represented as data this is largely
processed by computer programs. This would mean that these expert systems use artificial
intelligence or “AI” to mimic human decision making.

Decision Support Systems

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A decision support system is a dynamic information system that aids in important commercial or
organizational decisions. conclusions, and strategies. Massive amounts of data are sorted and
examined by a DSS, which gathers in-depth information that may be used to solve problems
and make decisions. A DSS frequently uses data on goals, projected data, foregone data, and
other inventory- or operations-related data from various time periods.

Office Automation System

Office automation systems are computer-based information systems whose primary purpose is
to facilitate oral and written communication. Such a system is a set of tools that gather, process,
store, retrieve, and disseminate information between individual workers, team of workers, and
business entities, both inside and outside the organization without manual labor or human
involvement.

Knowledge Management Systems

Knowledge management systems (KMS) is a system that saves data to help users increase
their knowledge. Maintaining documentation up to date, assisting clients in locating their own
solutions, and controlling knowledge access and permissions across user groups may all be
achieved with the use of knowledge management software. It's a tool that may be useful for
both newly established small businesses and large corporations that need to disseminate
information to a wide range of people.

TWO MAIN TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN TOYOTA

Monitoring data flow without human interference, error, or consistency problems is called office
automation. To effectively carry out essential everyday tasks and activities, sensitive office data
must be produced, acquired, stored, analyzed, and delivered utilizing an automated system.
Technology has had a huge influence on office administration's everyday tasks. Emails have
replaced notes, shared files have replaced filing cabinets, and biometrics have replaced
employee timesheet stamping. Going paperless is often seen as the pinnacle of office
automation for firms.

It is common to compare a batch process system and batch processing, which simultaneously
handle several requests, to a transaction process system and transaction processing. The first
requires user involvement, whereas batch processing does not. Batch processing delays the
appearance of each operation's results. As the multiple requests are organized, saved, and
finally carried out, there is also a delay. Throughout transaction processing, each transaction's

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results are immediately accessible; there is no waiting. During the delay in batch processing,
errors may occur. While errors may occasionally occur during transaction processing, they are
generally acceptable and do not necessitate the system being shut down.

IMPORTANCE OF IS IN BUSINESS

There are particular "tools of the trade" available. Hammers are necessary for carpenters.
Programmers require computers. However, efficient corporate information systems are a crucial
asset for all businesses. They provide you the power to manage products and inventory, satisfy
customer demands, improve financial management, and provide vital and timely information to
banks, partners, investors, and other important stakeholders. Well-designed and implemented
business information systems should allow management and other stakeholders to make quick
and informed decisions on the operational health of the company. When a bank requests
current, precise financial information about a company before the owner embarks on a big
expansion, the owner of the firm considers the necessity to have the data on hand to assess the
profitability of a new product they are selling.

BENEFITS IS PROVIES TO ORGANIZATIONS

Customer Service
The ability to reply to customer inquiries or complaints practically quickly is one of the major
advantages that technology has offered companies, especially in the last 10 years. The majority
of customers won't wait on hold for more than two minutes. It is doubtful that you will email the
business with your inquiry or make a phone call and receive a prompt response, whether you
require an answer to a single query or detailed advise on how to utilize the product. Websites
that offer live chat alternatives that can provide useful information or offer convenient methods
to contact you when necessary are appreciated by customers.

Customer Retention
Customers' information may be used to promote goods that appeal to them and win over more
of them. Customers want to see some of the things they frequently purchase so they always
have a selection of products to choose from.

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COMPETITVE ADVANTAGE OF IS IN TOYOTA

Toyota has achieved significant success in the car sector because they recognize how
important information systems are to their business. They incorporate new technologies into
their information systems, and the outcomes are outstanding. The capacity of Toyota's
information systems to combine their corporate objectives by employing their systems efficiently
is their greatest asset. They employ robotics and automation systems in manufacturing to cut
costs, and they use information technology to develop competitive advantages and aid in
strategy formulation.

CONCLUTION

The assigned assignment has completely and in-depth described the advantages of an IS
system in connection to the selected organization. The IS system has proven to be an
invaluable asset to the business for its internal operations. This provides an extra benefit over a
physical location-based business.

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TASK TWO - WEBSITE EVALUATION

INTRODUCTION

In this report's part. We examine the website of the business to see how user-friendly it is. We
also discuss Rolf Molich and Jakob Nielson's HCI ideas. Then, in order to completely
comprehend the arguments that were presented, we apply those same ideas to the study of the
website and the offered website photos.

HOW WELL THE WEBSITE CATERS TO IT’S CONSUMER’S NEEDS

Customers can begin their journey online, save their progress in the "digital garage" and pick up
where they left off at the dealer, or make their entire purchase with their dealer online with
Toyota’s integrated user experience. This website caters well to users, When you click on the
"Vehicles" part of the website, for instance, a variety of various categories of their vehicles, even
some that haven't been produced yet, are displayed.
The customer relationship management system, current inventory, and direct financing through
TFS are all integrated by this technology in the case of Toyota dealerships. By using time-
saving solutions, improved analytics, and sophisticated lead management, the dealer may
continue where the consumer left off on the client's online journey while also better
understanding the desires and requirements of the customer. (Toyota USA Newsroom, 2021)

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HCI PRINCIPLES

Jakob Nielsen and Rolf Molich presented heuristics interaction design principles often known as
HCI principles. These recommendations were made to aid in the creation of UIs. These are not
requirements. They serve just as a broad guide.

There are ten HCI guiding concepts in all. These guidelines would comprise:

Visibility of System Status

Users can select their next course of action when they are aware of the condition of the system
at the moment. Predictable encounters foster both brand and product trust.

Match Between System and The Real World

The design need to be user-friendly. Avoid internal jargon and instead utilize terms, phrases,
and ideas that the user is acquainted with. Follow etiquette and arrange the material in a logical
and natural sequence.

User Control and Freedom

Users frequently act incorrectly. They want a prominent "emergency exit" so they may abandon
the undesirable activity without going through a lengthy procedure.

Consistency and Standards

Users shouldn't have to guess if certain expressions, circumstances, or actions are equivalent.
adhere to platform and industry standards.

Error Prevention
While clear error warnings are vital, the greatest solutions take care to avoid issues altogether.
Error-prone situations should either be eliminated, checked for, and given a confirmation choice
before users commit to an action.

Recognition Rather than Recall

Reduce the memory strain on the user. Information shouldn't need to be remembered as the
user moves from one area of the interface to another. Field labels and menu items, for example,
should be clearly visible or simple to find while using the design.

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Flexibility and Efficiency of Use
In order to accommodate both rookie and experienced users, the design may include shortcuts
that are concealed from novice users to speed up interaction. Customize common activities for
users.

Aesthetic and Minimalist Design

This heuristic simply means that you should keep the information and visual design focused on
the basics. It does not require you to utilize a flat design. Make sure the interface's aesthetic
components assist the user in achieving their main objectives.

Help Users Recognize, Diagnose, and Recover from Errors

Error messages ought to be written in simple English (i.e., without using error codes), accurately
describe the issue, and helpfully provide a remedy.

Help and Documentation

The ideal situation is when the system is self-explanatory. To ensure that users are able to fulfill
their jobs, it could be required to offer documentation.

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Visibility of System Status
Through the use of slideshow banners that highlight all of the current deals and goods, the
Toyota website continuously keeps clients informed about the most recent featured cars that
are for sale. As a result, customers are aware of their possibilities. According to figure 1 below.

Figure 1

Match Between System and The Real World

Toyota consistently use images and other visuals that are relatable to the actual world so that
people may quickly recognize and comprehend what they are attempting to communicate.
According to figure 2 below.

Figure 2

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User Control and Freedom
The Toyota website offers various purchasing capabilities in case a user wants to hunt for a
specific item rather than choosing from the possibilities the website presents to them. Figure 3
below shows this in more detail.

Figure 3

Consistency and Standards

Toyota keeps its UI designs similar so that there is some familiarity between each one. This
produces a unified design that uses the same terminology and treats related objects similarly.
According to figure 4 below.

Figure 4

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Error Prevention
With error prevention in mind, the Toyota website employs a safety feature with removing
vehicles from you inventory. If a mistake was made, the user can cancel the removal. If it was
not an error, then to user is free to remove the vehicle. As can be seen in figure 5 below.

Figure 5

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Recognition Rather than Recall
The user shouldn't be required to recall all of the system's operations or features. As a result,
the website consistently incorporates little cues of knowledge that might help consumers
navigate your designs. for instance, a result from a prior search. This can be seen in figure 6
below.

Figure 6

Flexibility and Efficiency of Use

To make it simpler for new users to locate what they're searching for, Toyota's website strips
away extraneous details and organizes them into categories. This can be seen in figure 7
below.

Figure 7

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Aesthetic and Minimalist Design
This website doesn't have a highly vibrant or intricate design in order to avoid overly confusing
or overwhelming customers. They employ a plain white background and overlay it with graphics,
straightforward writing, and an incentive. This can be seen in figure 8 below.

Figure 8

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Help Users Recognize, Diagnose, and Recover from Errors
This page not found is an error page that the website displays to the user to let them know that
what they were looking for wasn't found. Additionally, they include re-directory buttons that may
be used to go to pages that are similar to the ones you had in mind. This can be seen in figure 9
below.

Figure 9

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Help and Documentation
The website offers a list of solutions to help customers if they run into any problems locating the
items they are looking for. Figure 10 below illustrates this.

Figure 10

CONCLUTION

To the chosen organization, the assigned assignment thoroughly and in-depthly defined the
website. When it comes to internal corporate processes, the HCI principles have proven to be a
great tool. This offers an added benefit because it makes consumers more receptive to the
website's functioning.

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TASK THREE - SOCIAL, LEGAL, AND ETHICAL ISSUES

INTRODUCTION

The Toyota Motor Corporation takes great pleasure in being a very green business. Even some
vehicles that were ecologically friendly were in its fleet. This international automobile and
financing company is renowned for the excellence and durability of its products. We review the
Toyota Corporation in this chapter of the evaluation to see what they are doing to stay current
on social, legal, and ethical concerns in order to be environmentally friendly.

TOYOTA’S CONSIDERATIONS INTO BEING ENVIRONMENTALY

FRIENDLY

The management of the organization takes prompt action to stay competitive. The corporation
strives for ethical behavior in all aspects of business, and via its corporate social responsibility
activities, it shows the public its gratitude (CSRs). The organization takes into account several
factors that may have an impact on the path of the projects or decisions when deciding on the
operation base and CSRs to undertake.

It is obvious that automobiles are the main form of transportation. As long as there are cars on
the roads, manufacturers like Toyota will continue to develop innovative strategies for making
them safe for people to use. As vital as other aspects are in the production of vehicles, the
human component is also crucial. We must examine the causes of human variables in order to
improve the performance of cars in this area.

A society where people from different backgrounds actively participate and help one another. a
civilization where individuals acknowledge their place in the ecosystem and coexist peacefully
with other living things. These two situations illustrate the sort of symbiotic society that Toyota
aspires to build, one that makes the most of variety. Economic expansion has made people
wealthy, but they have also weighted down the environment internationally. Global warming has
an effect on all living things, as do the severe rains and frequent forest fires that are currently
occurring.

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We have developed programs tailored to the conditions of each country and region, but at the
moment we are focusing on environmental education to raise awareness of how precarious the
global environment is and to change the mindset of both employees and people of all ages.

Legal and ethical difficulties arise in every industry and workplace. Toyota also has moral and
legal issues. In 2009, Toyota had an issue with some of their vehicles suddenly and
unintentionally accelerating. Toyota strikes back in defiance of US government directives. To
address the issue of sudden acceleration, Toyota continually shortens the accelerator pedals.
After the 2002 Lexus ES hit the market worldwide, this issue was found. Japanese engineers
received a test report from American engineers. The production and design of the high-end
Toyota car utilized the poor gear ratio. Later, a separate Japanese executive gave Toyota's
senior management a notification, and on October 1, 2001, the new Lexus ES was ready to hit
the international market. Many Lexus ES customers afterwards discovered the concerns with
transformation. Therefore, the Lexus ES 2002–2006 models would become known for litigation,
complaints, and safety probes. Toyota is recalling all 320,000 or more Lexus ES cars. Toyota
offered its customers the option of correcting their accelerators so that future crashes caused by
accelerator manufacturing and design flaws wouldn't happen.

HOW THE OFFICE AUTOMATION SYSTEMS HELPS TOYOTA TO

STAY ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY

The Toyota Corporation employs a variety of information systems, with the office automation
system being one of the most common. With the use of this technology, the Toyota team would
be informed of every piece of information that the media or the government releases, whether it
be a complaint, a constructive criticism, or an endorsement of a car that they introduced. By
utilizing this "IS," it allows for the simultaneous organization and transportation of enormous
amounts of data without the need for manual effort or human interaction. It makes it simple for
the Toyota team to obtain this knowledge and work on solutions to the problems encountered.

CONCLUTION

The specified task completely  explained how it tackles its social, legal, and ethical challenges.
This has an extra advantage since it gives customers the impression that the business values
and listens to them, and that they actually value their safety.

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TASK FOUR - COST OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL
INFRASTRUCTURE

INTRODUCTION

In this work, we'll talk about how the company is constantly eager to invest in new technology,
but cost might become a barrier. This job will describe the plan the selected business has in
place for acquiring and updating technological infrastructure. It will also describe how the
organization works to lower the cost of its technical infrastructure while still achieving the
intended results.

TOYOTA’S TECHNOLOGICAL INFRASTRUCTURE STRATEGY

A fresh concept called "next-generation demand management" was created by Toyota's

information systems division. It enables the organization as a whole to meet its demands rather
than focusing on the requirements of individual projects. By collaborating with the business
divisions to develop organizational requirements using this technique, they have eliminated
redundancy and made sure that only systems that support Toyota's strategic direction are built.
By doing this, they are taking advantage of IT's existing "silo-agnostic" position to intentionally
reframe the department's role as being in charge of supervising and carrying out initiatives that
add value to the company.
The groundwork for this transformation was established in the 1970s. Toyota began to expand
outside of Japan and into new markets throughout the world at that time, employing the
technology that was suitable for the demands of the corporation at the time. Although the
development and delivery of new IT systems was necessitated by the need to support company
growth, there was no overall organizational framework in place. Every functional group was
given complete freedom to use their creative faculties, and IT treated each project coming from
a business unit as a separate undertaking, developing the solution from beginning. There was a
lot of redundant infrastructure as a result, which increased maintenance costs.
With so many initiatives in development and little funding available, they started to rely on hired
outside assistance. This was costly, and to make matters worse, the contractors took on a more
important role as subject matter experts, learning how to connect IT operations to the demands
of the company as the Toyota IT employees pressed on with the upcoming batch of
fundamental projects. They  were outsourcing not only the labor but also the important abilities

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and knowledge that they ought to have developed in-house. They allow them to deteriorate
rather than fostering them.

TOYOTA’S STRATEGY TO REDUCE TECHNOLOGICAL

INFRASTRUCTURE COST

It was their responsibility as IT experts to break this loop of conduct. In 2002, they started by
performing a performance audit. They validated what they already knew: IT project costs were
rising, implementations weren't always successful, and business executives saw IT as a "black
box" into which money was funneled. Additionally, the audit revealed that many of the issues
originated upstream. That is to say, the issues started when certain business units were unable
to clearly state what they required; they did not know which system requirements would produce
genuine value, and they did not connect their requirements with the company's overarching
strategic objective. These upstream problems were just as problematic as any internal IT
department concerns.
It became obvious that a new operational paradigm was required. IT would need to keep the
business functioning while assisting the business divisions in putting their wish lists in the
context of the enterprise's requirements.
During a time of significant change for the world economy, the car industry, and our firm, we
adopted this new strategy. This unpredictability made it even more crucial to provide value, and
it encouraged the business units to think about and then communicate exactly what they
needed to do to produce their greatest performance.

CONCLUSION

Toyota's organization has been effective in developing both a strategy to upgrade its technology
infrastructure and a strategy to lower the cost of that infrastructure. The company was able to
develop these tactics to help it meet its objectives, which included updating its infrastructure and
lowering its cost.

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TASK FIVE - IS BENEFITS

INTRODUCTION

This work will go over the suitable IS that may assist a typical huge corporation in gaining more
clients. While  also sharing a description of a specific type of IS that can expand the consumer
base and draw in new clients.

HOW CAN IS INCREASE AN ORGANIZATIONS TRACTION

The right information system will provide more details about the consumers, and with this
beneficial knowledge of the wants of the customers, management will be better able to create
very successful marketing and promotional activities. This will help to increase the consumer
base and draw in new clients.

HOW CAN AN IS PROVE TO BE BENIFICIAL TO AN ORGANIZATION

TO INCREASE CUSTOMER BASE

In this section we are going to use the Marketing IS system as the example.
A marketing information system, in more specific terms, is a computer system designed to
collect, store, analyze, and communicate marketing data that helps us better understand what is
actually occurring both within and outside of our company. The marketing information system is
built on a data warehouse. This may be any system that can store all of the available data.
Therefore, a decision support system is needed. This is computer software (or a set of
algorithms) that allows us to examine the information at hand and draw conclusions from it. In
essence, it helps us understand data and make insightful decisions about it.
The firm gains from this IS since it can be used to assess a product or service's current position
in terms of market share and brand awareness. It can gain access to client information that
would otherwise be difficult or expensive to obtain through a marketing information system.
Furthermore, it has access to client information that would otherwise be difficult or expensive to
collect through a marketing information system.

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CONCLUSION

The right IS can expand the consumer base and bring in new clients. The marketing information
system was the optimum IS model to meet the need. This technology has given the company
additional assistance in achieving its aim by providing it with information gathered from
consumers and other elements

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Study.com. (2022). Available at:

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Toyota USA Newsroom. (2021). Toyota Reimagines the New Car Buying Experience with
Complete Online Retail Solution. [online]

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Worick, L. (2019). Can Technology Help Improve Customer Satisfaction? [online] The MSR

Group.
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