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Cryptography in Computing: Ian Perry Terence O'Brien

This document discusses the history and modern basics of cryptography in computing. It describes how cryptography has evolved from pre-WWII manual methods, to the first electronic computers in WWII used to break codes, to modern cryptography relying on both symmetric and asymmetric key encryption algorithms. The document also outlines how hardware has been incorporated into cryptography through secure cryptoprocessors, SSL accelerations, hardware security modules, and CPU instruction set extensions that accelerate cryptographic functions.

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41 views

Cryptography in Computing: Ian Perry Terence O'Brien

This document discusses the history and modern basics of cryptography in computing. It describes how cryptography has evolved from pre-WWII manual methods, to the first electronic computers in WWII used to break codes, to modern cryptography relying on both symmetric and asymmetric key encryption algorithms. The document also outlines how hardware has been incorporated into cryptography through secure cryptoprocessors, SSL accelerations, hardware security modules, and CPU instruction set extensions that accelerate cryptographic functions.

Uploaded by

thanhmaikmt123456
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cryptography in Computing

Ian Perry
Terence O’Brien
Pre-WWII
• Cryptography performed by hand
• Keys distributed by hand
• Cryptanalysis (breaking cryptography) played a significant role in
World War I
• Most ciphers were weak to cryptanalysis
World War II
• The first use of mechanical and electromechanical tools for crypto
• Colossus - World’s first programmable digital electronic computer
• Enigma – The German crypto machine secretly broken by the allies
The Internet
• Secure communication required on large scale
• No easy way to distribute keys
• Previous ciphers and algorithms breakable
• Lead to advent of Data Encryption Standard (DES)
• Lead to advent of Asymmetric Key Encryption (Public-key)
• Later on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
• AES-NI – Intel’s hardware accelerated implementation on Intel Core
• Later on Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
Modern Cryptography Basics

Symmetric Key Encryption:


Share a common key
AES, DES

Asymmetric Key Encryption:


Different keys

RSA, Diffie Hellman

Hashing Functions:
MD5, SHA1/256/512

Random Number Generators


SSL/TLS
Secure Cryptoprocessor
Processor which performs cryptographic functions, stores, and
generates keys and forms the core of many other cryptographic hardware
products such as hardware security modules, SSL accelerators, and more.
These processors have features which prevent physical tampering.

Western Electric 229G Crypto


Processor

Freescale C29 Crypto


Coprocessor
SSL Acceleration
Sun Microsystems Crypto Accelerator 1000 PCI card.
Accelerates the computation of public key and symmetric cryptographic
keys.
Supported SSL Algorithms:
RSA, DSA, Diffie-Hellman, DES, 3DES, ARCFOUR
Capabilities:
4300 new SSL sessions per second.
Price in 2002: $2700
Processor: Broadcom BCM5821

Sun Microsystems Crypto Accelerator 6000


Supported Algorithms:
AES, DES, DH, MD5, RSA, SHA-1, SHA512, SSL, Triple
DES
Capabilities:
Establish up to 13,000 new RSA operations per
second.
Price in 2013: 250$
Hardware Security Module
Hardware Security Modules (HSM) are
network devices which provide key
storage, key generation, and distributed
cryptographic processing.
Thales nShield Connect

Where can HSMs be found?


Certificate Authorities
ATMs
Web Hosts
Instruction Set Extensions
Intel’s Random Number Generator (RNG)

Intel AES-NI

Intel SHA
References
(1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSL_acceleration#/media/File:Sun-crypto-accelerator-1000.jpg

(2)https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19412-01/819-0425-11/819-0425-11.pdf

(3) https://webobjects2.cdw.com/is/image/CDW/2599360?$product-main$

(4) http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cmvp/documents/140-1/140sp/140sp1050.pdf

(5)http://avdiran.com/index.php/fa/2012-02-13-11-59-57/server

(6) http://www.cpu-world.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=21226&start=150

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