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LAB 3-Concentration-CHM01al

This document provides an introduction to an experiment on concentration. It discusses different ways to express concentration, including percent by mass/volume and molarity. It explains that solubility and saturation depend on temperature and the relative amounts of solute and solvent. The objectives are to understand how concentration changes as more solute is added and to appreciate the concepts of solubility and saturation. The procedure instructs students to use an online simulation to determine the saturation point of different substances by changing the amount of solute. It includes questions to identify the most soluble substance based on the simulation and identify the temperature used.

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Nova Jane Edrad
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125 views

LAB 3-Concentration-CHM01al

This document provides an introduction to an experiment on concentration. It discusses different ways to express concentration, including percent by mass/volume and molarity. It explains that solubility and saturation depend on temperature and the relative amounts of solute and solvent. The objectives are to understand how concentration changes as more solute is added and to appreciate the concepts of solubility and saturation. The procedure instructs students to use an online simulation to determine the saturation point of different substances by changing the amount of solute. It includes questions to identify the most soluble substance based on the simulation and identify the temperature used.

Uploaded by

Nova Jane Edrad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHM01 – Chemistry for Engineers – Laboratory

EXPERIMENT NO. 3

CONCENTRATION

INTRODUCTION

A solution may be classified whether dilute or concentrated. This is qualitatively


described based on the relative amount of solute against solvent. Quite differently, a
solution may be classified as unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated. Their difference
lies on the concentration relative to the saturation value at a particular temperature.

There are several ways to express concentration. The simplest method is the
percent by mass and percent by volume in which the mass or volume of the solute is
divided by the total mass or total volume of the solution and multiplies by a hundred
percent. This is frequently used in laboratories not only in schools but also in some
industries. Molarity, which is the number of moles in a liter of the solution is equally
useful in pharmaceutical industry in particular and chemical industry in general.

Substances have different solubility in a particular solvent. Compounds which are


less soluble produce a dilute solution yet a saturated one. Conversely , a compound
may produce a concentrated and at the same time saturated if it has a relatively high
solubility.

OBJECTIVES

1. To understand how the concentration changes as more solute is being added.

2. To appreciate the concept of solubility and saturation in solutions.


PROCEDURE

1. Access this link as the simulator that will be used in this activity:
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/concentration/latest/concentration_en.htm
l

2. Set the solvent at 0.5 L. Change the solute samples once you determined the
amount needed for the solution to be saturated. Use the concentration
detector to determine the required amount.

QUESTIONS

1. Know the saturation value of the substances used in the simulation. Which
one is the most soluble (in g/L)? Which has the highest molarity at its
saturation point? Encircle your answer in the table.

Solute Chemical Formula Saturation Value (g/L)


Co(NO3)2 1031
cobalt (II) nitrate
CoCl2 562.2
cobalt (II) chloride
K2Cr2O7 150.0
potassium dichromate
K₂CrO₄ 650.5
potassium chromate
NiCl₂ 675.2
nickel (II) chloride
CuSO4 220.2
copper (II) sulfate
KMnO₄ 75.9
potassium permanganate
NaCl 359.4
sodium chloride

2. What is the solvent temperature used for this simulation? Refer to the
Solubility curve on the last page.

Solute Temperature ( °C)


28
potassium dichromate
30
sodium chloride
APPLICATION PROBLEMS. Follow strictly the rules on Significant Figures.

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