Mitosis/Meiosis Standard Notes

Cell
• Smallest structural and functional unit of an _______________________
Cell
Somatic
• ____________________________are any cells other than germ cells. Found
Cells
throughout the body. ____________ chromosomes in humans
germ cells
• ____________________________contain numbers
half the __________of chromosomes. Only
tests
found in the _______________
Ovaries and _______________ (sex organs).

• There are two types of cell division: ____________

Mitosis and ____________.
Meiosis

Vocabulary
Chromatid
• _____________________ – each of 2 thread-like strands into which a chromosome
divides during mitosis

sister chromatid
• _____________________– 2 identical copies of a chromatid
centromere
• _____________________ – a structure in a chromosome that holds the two
chromatids together
spindle fibers
• _________________________________– control the movement and separation of
chromosomes during mitosis
centriole
• _________________________________– helps in the formation of spindle fibers
nuclear envelope
• _________________________________– a membrane that separates the nucleus
from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells

Mitosis
Mitosis
• Somatic cells go through the process of ____________ for cell division. The
process results in two cells being exactly the same as the parent cell. • Involves
one
__________ “set” of division stages.
growth repair
• Used for cell ____________ and ___________.
asexual
• ________________________ reproduction
• Binary Fission
budding
• __________________________
• Regeneration
• Vegetative Reproduction
• Fragmentation
 jellyfish
• Examples: some types of _____________________, worms, and plants © Kesler

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Mitosis/Meiosis Standard Notes

Mitosis Phases:
• ____________________
four basic phases
Prophase
• ______________________________
Metaphase
• ______________________________
Anaphase
• ______________________________
Telophase/Cytokinesis
• ______________________________

cell cycle
• Occurs in a strict sequential order called the ___________________________ •
diploid
Produces ________________ cells (2) – same genetic makeup as parent cell

Prophase
mitosis
• First phase of ______________________
•
visible
• Chromosomes become _________________ through a microscope.
Spindles
• _________________________ begin to form.

breaks down
• Nuclear membrane ___________________________.
Centrioles begin moving toward the poles.
• _______________
Metaphase

• Second phase of mitosis

microtubule
• The chromosomes, guided by the spindle fibers, ____________in the middle
of the dividing cell.
 spindle poles
• The centrosomes are now at opposite ends (_______________) of the cell.

Anaphase
• Third phase of mitosis

• The two sister chromatids of each chromosome are _____________________

pulled apart
by the spindle fibers.

move away
• Chromosomes _______________________from each other toward the poles.
elongates
• The cell __________________________so that the poles are farther apart.

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Mitosis/Meiosis Standard Notes

Telophase (and Cytokinesis)

• The last stage of mitosis.
reached
• The chromosomes have ___________________ the poles and begin to
unwind.
nuclear
• Two new __________________________________ form around each of the
two separated sets of unreplicated chromosomes.

• The completion of mitosis is marked by a cell that has divided into two
daughter cells
___________________________exactly like the parent cell.

Interphase
• Mitosis is now over.

• ____________
Chromatinis unwound.

• Here the cell ___________

grows in preparation for cell division.

Meiosis
Germ cells found only in reproductive organs. Consist of _____________
• _____________ spermatozo
ova 23
and ______________. These cells have ________ chromosomes.
two sets sets of stages, Meiosis I and II. •
• This cell division occurs in __________
reduces
_________________ the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half •
four
Produces __________ gamete cells (sex cells)
• Meiosis ___________________________to
is required produce egg and sperm cells for
_____________________________________________.
sexual reproduction

Meiosis Vocabulary
homologous chromosomes
• ___________________________________________– During meiosis, the
matching _________________
paternal maternal
(from the father) and ______________ (from
the mother)chromosomes pair up inside a cell.

• Crossing Over – the process where homologous chromosomes pair up

exchange genetic maternal
and _______________________________________________to form new
chromosomes

• Haploid Cells – _________cells as a result of meiosis, which are

different
______________________ from each other and the parent cells

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Mitosis/Meiosis Standard Notes
Meiosis I – Prophase l
• First phase of Meiosis l
visible
• Chromosomes become ________________________ under a microscope. •

Duplication of homologous chromosome pair andalign and crossover

______________ occurs. •
nuclear envelope
_______________________________disappears.

• Spindles enter nucleus.

• Crossover (the swapping of genetic material between chromosomes) is

complete

Meiosis I – Metaphase l
line up
• Chromosomes move toward the center and _______________________.
centromere
• Spindle fibers attach to the _________________________ of each
chromosome.

Meiosis I – Anaphase I
• Cell starts to lengthen
chromosome_____________ separate and move toward
• Two of each ______________
opposite poles by the spindle fibers
 together this in
• In meiosis the chromatids remain _________________________ • Contrast
separate
with mitosis, where sister chromatids ________________________

Meiosis I – Telophase I
4
• Complete haploid (______) sets of chromosomes

• A cleavage furrow appears

• By the end of the stage the parent cell has divided into two
daughter cell
______________________________________.
•
cytokinesis
• This separation of cytoplasm is called ___________________________.

Interkinesis in Meiosis
rest
• A period of ______________, called interkinesis
DNA
• No replication of ___________ occurs during this phase.

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Mitosis/Meiosis Standard Notes
Meiosis II – Prophase II
• First step in Meiosis II
two
• Begins with _____________ daughter cells from meiosis I.
condensed
• Chromosomes are __________________________.
envelope
• Nuclear _________________ begins to break down.
• Centrosomes have replicated and are moving toward the
the poles
________________.

Meiosis ll – Metaphase Il
• The second stage of Meiosis ll
center plate
• The spindles draws the chromosomes to the ___________________________.
spindle fibers
• The centromeres are bound to the _________________________from
opposite sides.

Meiosis II – Anaphase II
• The third step of Meiosis ll
• The two sister chromatids of each chromosome are pulled apart by the
 spindle fibers
____________________________________.
away
• Chromosomes move _____________ from each other toward the poles.
apart
• The cell elongates so that the poles are farther _________________.
Meiosis II – Telophase II opposite
• Chromosomes reach _____________________

poles.
cytoplasm
• Cytokinesis occurs (separation of __________________) and nuclear
envelopes form. •
• Meiosis is complete with ______________daughter
four cells
(haploid) each _________________________
different from each other and different
from the parent cell.

Summary of Meiosis
• Form of cell division that results in half the number of chromosomes in
gametes
___________________ or sex cells (sperm and ova)
same
• Maintains the ______________ number of chromosomes from generation to
generation.
half
• Results in an ____________________ of genetic material passed on to
offspring.

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