HARAMAYA UNIVERSITY

Distance Education Program

Logic and Critical Thinking Assignment

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Part I: For the questions 1-5 in the space provided, write the name of the fallacy contain in the
description. If fallacies contain several subtypes with individual names, be sure to write the name
of the name of specific subtype.
1. Presupposes that just because one event precedes another event the first event causes the second.
Fallacy name: ____________________________.

2. Arguer creates the illusion that inadequate premises are adequate by leaving out a key premise,
restating the conclusion as a premise, or reasoning in a circle. Fallacy name:
____________________________.

3. An attribute is incorrectly transferred from the whole to the parts. Fallacy name:
____________________________.

4. Arguer incites a mob mentality Fallacy name: ____________________________.

5. Arguer creates the impression that you might be socially left behind or that everyone is
engaged in a certain activity and it appeals to our desire to want to be included in the latest
trend. Fallacy name: ____________________________.
Part II. Questions 1 through 10 pertain to this statement: “No high school teachers who
are not classroom entertainers are instructors who are not liked by their students.”
1. The copula is:
A. Are. B. Are not. C. Are not liked. D. No. E. Who are not classroom entertainers
2. The subject term is: A. High school teachers. B. Instructors.
C. Instructors who are not liked by their students.
D. High school teachers who are not classroom entertainers.
E. Classroom entertainers.
3. The predicate term is:
A. Students. B. Instructors. C. Instructors who are not liked by their students.
D. High school teachers. E. Classroom entertainers.
4. The quantifier is: A. Universal B. Particular. C. Are not. D. Negative. E. No.
5. The quantity is: A. Negative. B. Universal. C. No. D. Particular. E. General.
6. The quality is: A. Universal. B. Particular. C. Negative. D. Affirmative. E. Are.
7. The letter name is: A. E B. A C. I D. U E.O
8. If both the quantity and the quality are changed, the resulting statement is:
A. Some high school teachers who are classroom entertainers are instructors who are
not liked by their students.
B. Some high school teachers who are not classroom entertainers are instructors who are
not liked by their students.
C. All high school teachers who are not classroom entertainers are instructors who are
liked by their students.
D. All high school teachers who are classroom entertainers are instructors who are not
liked by their students.

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 E. Some high school teachers who are not classroom entertainers are not instructors
who are not liked by their students.
9. If the quality but not the quantity is changed, then, for the resulting statement,
A. The subject is particular, the predicate universal.
B. Both the subject and the predicate are distributed.
C. Both the subject and the predicate are undistributed.
D. The subject is undistributed and the predicate is distributed.
E. The subject is distributed and the predicate is undistributed.
10. If the quantity but not the quality is changed, then, for the resulting statement,
A. The subject is particular, the predicate universal.
B. Both the subject and the predicate are distributed.
C. Both the subject and the predicate are undistributed.
D. The subject is undistributed and the predicate is distributed.
E. The subject is distributed and the predicate is undistributed.
Part III. In questions 11 through 17 below, you are given a statement, its truth value in
parentheses, and an operation/relation to be performed on that statement. In questions 18
through 24, you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement. You
must determine how the new statement is related to the given statement and the truth value of
the new statement. Assume the Aristotelian standpoint for these questions.
11. Some A are not non-B. (F) Sub alternation
A. All A are non-B. (F)
B. No A are non-B. (F)
C. No A are non-B. (Und.)
D. No non-B are A. (F)
E. Some A are non-B. (T)
12. Some non-A are non-B. (T) Obversion
A. Some non-A are B. (Und.)
B. Some B are not A. (T)
C. Some non-A are not B. (T)
D. No non-A are B. (F)
E. All non-A are B. (T)
13. No A are B. (F) Contrary
A. All A are B. (Und.)
B. No B are A. (F)
C. No non-B are non-A. (Und.)
D. All A are B. (T)
E. Some A are B. (Und.)
14. Some A are not B. (T) Subcontrary
A. Some non-B are not non-A. (T)
B. Some A are non-B. (Und.)
C. Some A are B. (F)
D. Some A are B. (Und.)
E. All A are B. (F)
15. All non-A are B. (T) Conversion
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 A. All B are non-A. (T)
B. No non-A are non-B. (T)
C. All non-B are A. (Und.)
D. Some non-A are B. (T)
E. All B are non-A. (Und.)
16. Some A are non-B. (F) Contraposition
A. No A are B. (F)
B. Some non-B are A. (F)
C. Some non-B are non-A. (Und.)
D. Some B are non-A. (Und.)
E. No A are non-B. (T)
17. Some non-A are not B. (F) Contradiction
A. Some non-B are not A. (Und.)
B. No non-A are B. (T)
C. All non-A are B. (T)
D. Some non-A are B. (T)
E. No non-A are B. (F)
18. Some A are non-B. (F) Some non-B are A.
A. Sub contrary. (T) C. Conversion. (F) D. Contraposition. (F)
B. Conversion. (Und.) E. Contradiction. (T)
19. Some A are non-B. (T) No A are non-B.
A. Subalternation. (T) B. Obversion. (T) D. Subalternation. (Und.)
C. Contrary. (F) E. Contradiction. (F)
20. All non-A are B. (T) All non-B are A.
A. Contraposition. (T) C. Subalternation. (F) D. Conversion. (Und.)
B. Obversion. (T) E. Contraposition. (Und.)
21. All non-A are B. (F) Some non-A are B.
A. Contradiction. (T)
B. Subalternation. (Und.)
C. Subcontrary. (T)
D. Subcontrary. (F)
E. Subalternation. (F)
22. All non-A are non-B. (T) No non-A are non-B.
A. Subcontrary. Und.) C. Obversion. (T) D. Contrary. E. Contraposition. (T)
B. Contraposition. (Und.)
23. No A are non-B. (F) All A are B.
A. Subalternation. (Und.) C. Contradiction. (F) D. Contrary. (Und.)
B. Obversion. (F) E. Contrary. (T)
24. Some A are non-B. (F) Some A are not non-B.
A. Obversion. (F) D. Subcontrary. (T)
B. Subcontrary. (Und.) E. Subalternation. (Und.)
C. Contraposition. (Und.)
Part IV. Select the best answer for the following arguments

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25. It is false that no ceramics are superconductors. Therefore, some ceramics are
superconductors.
A. Valid, illicit contrary.
B. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
C. Invalid, no named fallacy.
D. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
E. Valid; no fallacy.
26. Some clocks are not quartz controlled devices. Therefore, some clocks are quartz-
controlled devices.
A. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
B. Valid, no fallacy.
C. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
D. Invalid, illicit conversion.
E. Invalid, existential fallacy.
27. All gnomes are reclusive dwarfs. Therefore, it is false that no gnomes are reclusive
dwarfs.
A. Valid, no fallacy.
B. Invalid, illicit contrary.
C. Invalid, existential fallacy.
D. Invalid, illicit obversion.
E. Valid, existential fallacy.
28. All fraudulent marriages are marriages that can be annulled. Therefore, all marriages that
cannot be annulled are genuine marriages.
A. Invalid, illicit contrary.
B. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
C. Invalid, illicit conversion.
D. Valid, no fallacy.
E. Valid, illicit contradiction
Part V. Select the best answer for the following arguments
29. It is false that no ceramics are superconductors. Therefore, some ceramics are
superconductors.
A. Valid, illicit contrary.
B. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
C. Invalid, no named fallacy.
D. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
E. Valid; no fallacy.
30. Some clocks are not quartz controlled devices. Therefore, some clocks are quartz-
controlled devices.
A. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
B. Valid, no fallacy.
C. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
D. Invalid, illicit conversion.
E. Invalid, existential fallacy.

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31. All gnomes are reclusive dwarfs. Therefore, it is false that no gnomes are reclusive
dwarfs.
A. Valid, no fallacy.
B. Invalid, illicit contrary.
C. Invalid, existential fallacy.
D. Invalid, illicit obversion.
E. Valid, existential fallacy.
32. All fraudulent marriages are marriages that can be annulled. Therefore, all marriages that
cannot be annulled are genuine marriages.
A. Invalid, illicit contrary.
B. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
C. Invalid, illicit conversion.
D. Valid, no fallacy.
E. Valid, illicit contradiction
33. Senator Collins supports the proposal for the new B-2 Bomber. but his arguments in
favor of this project should be discounted, since the primary bidder on the B-2 Bomber
comes from the state he represents.
A. No Fallacy.
B. Argument against the Person, Circumstantial.
C. Suppressed Evidence.
D. Red Herring.
E. Argument against the Person, Abusive.
34. Every ingredient in this pastry is fattening. Therefore, this pastry is fattening
A. False Cause.
B. Composition.
C. No Fallacy.
D. Hasty Generalization. E. Division.
35. As a Spokesman for the IRS, I would urge that you stop informing taxpayers of these
loopholes we have been discussing. I am confident you will be happy to comply, since
surely you want to avoid an audit of your last year’s return.
A. Accident.
B. Missing the point.
C. Appeal to ignorance.
D. Appeal to pity.
E. Appeal to force.
36. Surely God does not exist. Just look at all the suffering in the world.
A. Accident.
B. Argument against the person, circumstantial.
C. Missing the point.
D. False dichotomy.
E. Appeal to pity.

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37. It’s perfectly legal to hire a grown adult to perform menial work in a factory. But a ten-
year-old kid is no less a human than an adult. Therefore, it’s legal to hire a ten-year-old
kid to perform menial work in a factory.
A. Suppressed Evidence.
B. Weak Analogy.
C. False Cause.
D. Hasty Generalization
E. Composition.
38. Advertisements claim that the new pride detergent gets your clothes whiter and brighter
than any other brand. Since no one has disproved this claim, we must conclude that it is
true.
A. Appeal to Unqualified Authority.
B. Accident.
C. Amphiboly.
D. Division.
E. Appeal to Ignorance.
39. Both wolves and hyenas are cunning and dangerous. Therefore, wolves are cunning.
A. Composition.
B. Begging the Question.
C. No Fallacy.
D. Equivocation.
E. Division.
40. Paul told me that he loves his children more than his wife. It must be the case that his
wife doesn’t like the kids.
A. Appeal to unqualified authority.
B. Amphiboly.
C. False Dichotomy.
D. Argument against the person, circumstantial.
E. Tu Quoque.
41. Strenuous exercise is good for people. Therefore, it would be a good idea for old Mrs.
Bevans, who just had a heart attack, to go jogging today.
A. Accident.
B. Weak analogy.
C. Suppressed evidence.
D. Missing the point.
E. Begging the question.
42. The decision as to what courses should be required of all university students should be
left to the faculty senate. If students are given a voice in this matter, it won’t be long

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 before the students dictate who should be hired and fired. In no time they’ll take over the
administrative functions as well, and the university will collapse.
A. Hasty generalization.
B. False cause.
C. Equivocation.
D. Slippery slope.
E. Tu Quoque.
43. Every ingredient in this pastry is fattening. Therefore, this pastry is fattening.
A. False cause.
B. Composition.
C. No fallacy.
D. Hasty generalization.
E. Division.
44. Either the United States continues to serve as the world’s police force or local squabbles
will result in global chaos. Of course, we cannot tolerate global chaos. Therefore, the
United States must continue to serve as the world’s police force.
A. False dichotomy.
B. False cause.
C. No fallacy.
D. Amphiboly.
E. Tu Quoque.
45. A recent study has shown that among the youth of our city, 80 percent of those who
contracted venereal disease last year had taken sex education classes in high school.
Obviously if we want to cut down on the incidence of vd, we must get rid of those sex
education classes.
A. Red herring.
B. No fallacy.
C. False dichotomy.
D. Missing the point.
E. Argument against the person, abusive.
46. Economist Milton Friedman argues that corporations should not have to pay income
taxes. But this argument is worthless. Corporations in America are getting away with
murder as it is. Consider the utilities. Those companies are supposed to be regulated by
state commissioners, but the commissioners never do their job. They give the utilities
whatever they want. If the members of the public utilities commission were elected by
the people, we wouldn’t have such astronomical rates.
A. Appeal to force.
B. Red herring.
C. Complex question.
D. Tu Quoque.
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 E. Straw man.
47. It would not be a good idea to appoint Frances McGill to the office of city manager.
During the past fifteen years, McGill has managed five different businesses, and all of
them declared bankruptcy as a direct result of her inept leadership.
A. Argument against the person, abusive.
B. False cause.
C. No fallacy.
D. Hasty generalization.
E. Argument against the person, circumstantial.
48. Every tiny detail of Robert’s painting is beautiful. Therefore, Robert’s painting is
beautiful.
A. Division.
B. Appeal to unqualified authority.
C. No fallacy.
D. Composition.
E. Appeal to force.
49. Actors are persons and Jennifer is a great actor. thus, she must be a great person.
A. Equivocation.
B. Red herring.
C. Accident.
D. Amphiboly.
E. False dichotomy.
50. Either Cadillac’s or Hondas are made in Japan. But Cadillac’s are not made in Japan.
Therefore, Hondas are made in Japan.
B. Appeal to the people.
C. False dichotomy.
D. False cause.
E. Equivocation.
F. No fallacy.
51. Mr. Referee, surely our team was not offside on that last play. Our team has already had
ten penalties this quarter, we’re trailing by three touch-downs, and several of our parents
travelled hundreds of miles to see this game.
A. Appeal to pity.
B. Straw man.
C. Missing the point.
D. Appeal to force.
E. Slippery slope.
52. You argue that i should cut down on my drinking. But you drink much more heavily than
i. you haven’t been sober in a year.
A. Argument against the person, abusive.
B. No Fallacy.
C. Tu Quoque.
D. Appeal to force.

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 E. Appeal to Pity.

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