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Double Revolving Field Theory

The document describes the double revolving field theory as it applies to single phase induction motors. [1] It states that any alternating quantity can be represented as two rotating components rotating in opposite directions, each with half the maximum magnitude. [2] For single phase motors, the stator flux is represented as two components rotating opposite each other at the synchronous speed. [3] At standstill, the two torque components cancel out, resulting in zero net torque and explaining why single phase motors are not self-starting.

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Naresh Gollapalli
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2K views

Double Revolving Field Theory

The document describes the double revolving field theory as it applies to single phase induction motors. [1] It states that any alternating quantity can be represented as two rotating components rotating in opposite directions, each with half the maximum magnitude. [2] For single phase motors, the stator flux is represented as two components rotating opposite each other at the synchronous speed. [3] At standstill, the two torque components cancel out, resulting in zero net torque and explaining why single phase motors are not self-starting.

Uploaded by

Naresh Gollapalli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Double Revolving Field Theory:

“According to this theory, any alternating quantity can be resolved into two rotating components
which rotate in opposite directions and each having magnitude as half of the maximum magnitude of
the alternating quantity at synchronous speed.”

In case of single phase induction motors, the stator winding produces an alternating magnetic field
having maximum magnitude of Φm. So alternating flux produced can also be represented by two
components of the stator flux, each having magnitude half of maximum magnitude of stator flux i.e.
(Φm/2). Both these components are rotating in opposite directions at the synchronous speed N s which
is dependent on frequency and stator poles.

Let the direction of rotation of rotor be clock-wise. Let the field which is in the same direction as
that of rotor be forward flux (Φf ) and other component be backward flux (Φb).

Fig. 1  Stator flux and its two components

The Fig. 1 shows the stator flux and its two components Φf  and Φb.

At start both the components are shown opposite to each other in the Fig.1(a). Thus the resultant
ΦR = 0. This is nothing but the instantaneous value of the stator flux at start.
After 90o , as shown in the Fig. 1(b), the two components are rotated in such a way that both are
pointing in the same direction. Hence the resultant Φ R is the algebraic sum of the magnitudes of the
two components. So ΦR = (Φ1m/2) + (Φ1m/2) =Φ1m. This is nothing but the instantaneous value of the
stator flux at θ = 90o as shown in the Fig 1(c). Thus continuous rotation of the two components gives
the original alternating stator flux.

Slip of the rotor w.r.to forward flux =

Slip of the rotor w.r.to backward flux =

Torque due to forward flux =

Torque due to backward flux =


At standstill,

Therefore and

Net Torque =

Thus net torque experienced by the rotor is zero at start. And hence the single phase induction
motors are not self starting.

Torque speed characteristics

The two oppositely directed torques and the resultant torque can be shown effectively with the help
of  torque-speed characteristics. It is shown in the Fig.2.

Fig. 2  Torque-speed characteristic

It can be seen that at start N = 0 and at that point resultant torque is zero. So single phase motors are
not self starting.

However if the rotor is given an initial rotation in any direction, the resultant average torque increase
in the direction in which rotor initially rotated. And motor starts rotating in that direction. But in
practice it is not possible to give initial torque to rotor externally hence some modifications are done
in the construction of single phase induction motors to make them self starting.

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