8

SCIENCE
Quarter 3 - Module 3
Atomic Structure
Science — Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 3: Atomic Structure
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Gingoog City

Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI

Development Team of the Module

Writer(s): Susan S. Balighot

Reviewer(s): Nilda U. Villegas, EPS – Science

Florida D. Arias, PhD, PSDS
Dahlia M. Maputol

Illustrator(s): Jay Michael D. Calipusan, PDO II

Layout Artist: Virra Jill V. Durado

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 8
SCIENCE
Quarter 3 - Module 3
Atomic Structure
This page is intentionally blank.
 Table of Contents
What This Module is About ......................................................................................................... i
What I Need to Know .................................................................................................................. i
How to Learn from this Module .................................................................................................. ii
Icons of this Module ................................................................................................................... ii
What I Know (Pre-Test) ............................................................................................................ iii
Determining the Number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons in a Particular Atom ............... 1
What’s In................................................................................................................................. 1
Activity 1: Draw Me! ............................................................................................................ 1
Activity 2: Transferring Charges ......................................................................................... 2
What I Need to Know ............................................................................................................. 2
What’s New ............................................................................................................................ 3
Activity 3: The Protons, Neutrons and Electrons ............................................................... 3
Activity 4: What’s the difference? ....................................................................................... 3
Activity 5: Complete Me ...................................................................................................... 4
What Is It ................................................................................................................................ 5
What’s More ........................................................................................................................... 6
Activity 6: The PEN ............................................................................................................. 6
Activity 7 – Atomic Structure .............................................................................................. 7
What I Have Learned ............................................................................................................. 8
Activity 8: Try Again! ........................................................................................................... 8
What I Can Do ........................................................................................................................ 9
Activity 9: THIS IS IT! ......................................................................................................... 9
Summary .................................................................................................................................. 10
Assessment (Post-Test) .......................................................................................................... 11
Key to Answers ........................................................................................................................ 12
References ............................................................................................................................... 14
This page is intentionally blank.
What This Module is About
On New Year’s Eve, you will never miss the colorful bursts of bright silver, red, green,
and blue lights sparkling right in your front yard. The spectacular colors of fireworks are
characteristics of the light- emitting elements. Scientist have proven that atom is composed of
even smaller particles. Matter is made up of atoms and molecules. Atom is the smallest
particle of an element that can exist. It has the ability to enter chemical reaction. Knowledge
about the structure of the atom has been applied to certain purpose, example in medicine.
You need to learn more about the subatomic particles the protons, electrons, and neutrons
that interact in many materials.

In this module, you will learn about how to determine the number of protons, electrons
and neutrons.

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Determine the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a particular atom.

(S8MT-IIIe-f-10)

i
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
• Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
• Answer all the given tests and exercises.

Icons of this Module

What I Need This part contains learning objectives that are

to Know set for you to learn as you go along the module.

What I Know This is an assessment as to your level of

knowledge to the subject matter at hand, meant
specifically to gauge prior related knowledge.

What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that of

the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented to
you.

What Is It These are discussions of the activities as a way

to deepen your discovery and understanding of
the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are intended

for you to practice further in order to master the
competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you have

Learned learned from the lesson.

What I Can These are tasks that are designed to showcase

Do your skills and knowledge gained, and applied
into real-life concerns and situations.

ii
 What I Know (Pre-Test)

Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Write the letter of the correct answer in
your activity notebook.

1. If you comb our hair and the comb becomes positive charged, what will happen to
your hair?
A. It will remain uncharged C. It will become positively charged
B. It will be repelled by the com D. It will become negatively charged
2. Which of the following describe atoms best?
A. Are found only in solid C. Were first found in ants
materials
B. Smallest particle D. Contain proton and neutron
3. What is the atomic mass of an element with 1 proton, 1 electron, and 0 neutron?
A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4
4. What is the atomic mass of an element with 40 protons,40 electrons and 46 neutrons?
A. 80 C. 6
B. 86 D. 40
5. What particle determine the atomic number of the atom?
A. Neutron C. Proton
B. Quark D. Atomic Mass
6. Determine the protons and electrons in Calcium atom? (atomic number is 20)
A. 20; 20 C. 20; 10
B. 40; 20 D. 20; 40
7. Which of the following has a negative charge?
A. Protons C. Neutrons
B. Electrons D. Mass number
8. An atom with four electrons, four protons, and five neutrons has an atomic number of?
A. 4 C. 8
B. 5 D. 9
9. What are neutrons?
A. Positively charged particles C. Particles with zero electric charge
B. Particles of negligible mass D. Particles with charge numerically
opposite in sign to that of
electrons
10. What is the number of protons in a Uranium atom? (atomic number = 92)
A. 82 C. 72
B. 92 D. Cannot be determined

iii
 Lesson Determining the Number of
1 Protons, Neutrons, and
Electrons in a Particular Atom

What’s In

Activity 1: Draw Me!

Directions: Draw inside the box the arrangement of atoms and molecules. Write your answer
in your Science journal.

Aluminum Mercury Hydrogen

(Solid) (Liquid) (Gas)

Q1. What phase of matter illustrated in aluminum? Mercury? Hydrogen?

________________________________________________________________

Q2. How many kinds of atom/s are found in aluminum? ______

Mercury? ________ Hydrogen? _________

Q3. Describe the arrangement of atoms in each of the elements.

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

1
Activity 2: Transferring Charges
Objectives: After doing this activity, you should be able to:
1. 1.observe that object will attract or repel each other.
2. infer that objects may gain positive or negative charges.
Materials:
1 plastic comb
1-piece plastic silk cloth (old/new)
Small bits of paper
Procedure:
1. Rub a plastic comb with a piece of cloth and bring the rubbed end near the bits of paper.
Observe closely.

Q1. What happens when you bring the rubbed comb near the bits of paper?
___________________________________________________________________

Q2. Can you lift the bits of paper with the plastic comb? Why?
___________________________________________________________________

Q3. Explain how the plastic comb attract an uncharged bit of papers.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What I Need to Know

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. Determine the number of protons, number of neutrons and number of electrons in a
particular atom;
2. Name and describe the subatomic particles; and
3. Identify the atomic number and atomic mass.

2
 What’s New

Activity 3: The Protons, Neutrons and Electrons

Objective: After doing this activity, you should be able to determine the number of protons,
number of neutrons and number of electrons in a particular atom.

Element Atomic Atomic Number of Number of Number of

Number mass protons neutrons electrons
Carbon 6 12
Aluminum 13 27
Chlorine 17 35

Q1. Given the atomic number, how would you know the number of protons?
___________________________________________________________________

Q2. Given the atomic number, how would you know the number of electrons?
___________________________________________________________________

Q3. Given the atomic number and mass number, how would you know the number of
neutrons?
___________________________________________________________________

Activity 4: What’s the difference?

Objective: Name and describe the protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Materials: Pencil and Pen

Subatomic Charge Mass (grams) Location in the

particles(symbol) atom
Electrons -1 9.109x10-28 Outside nucleus
Protons +1 1.672x10-24 Nucleus
Neutrons 0 1.675x10-24 Nucleus
Table 1. Some properties of the three main subatomic particles

Procedure:
1. Refer to the masses of the subatomic particles in table 1. Arrange the subatomic
particles in increasing mass.
________________________________________________________________

3
 Q1. Which subatomic particles is the lightest? _______________________________

Q2. Which subatomic particles is the heaviest? _____________________________

Q3. Which of the subatomic particles have almost the same mass? ___________

Q4. Compare the charges of the three particles indicated in table1.

___________________________________________________________________

2. Take a look again at the table.

Q5. Which subatomic particles makes up most of the mass of the atom?
___________________________________________________________________

Q6. Which particles account for a) the charge of the nucleus and the mass of the
nucleus?
___________________________________________________________________

Activity 5: Complete Me
Directions: Complete the table with the needed information.

Element Atomic Number Atomic Mass Number of

Neutrons
1. Sodium (Na) 11 23
2. Calcium (Ca) 20 40
3. Chromium (Cr) 24 52
4. Silicon (Si) 14 28
5. Sulfur (S) 16 32

Guide Questions:
Q1. Given the atomic number and atomic mass, how would you know the number of
neutrons if you know the mass number and the atomic number?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

4
 What Is It

The Protons, Electrons and Neutrons

An atom is identified by two numbers – the atomic number and the mass number.
A
Zx (A – Mass Number, Z – Atomic number; x – an element)
Let Atomic number = Z = number of protons = number of electrons
Mass Number A = Number of protons + number of neutrons
= atomic number Z + Number of neutrons
Number of neutrons = Mass number minus atomic number

In an element X, the atomic number Z is placed at lower left and the mass number A
at the upper right. This may be shown in symbol.

A
ZX

How to solve for the number of protons, number of electrons and number of neutrons in
a particular atom.

Example 1.
How many protons(p+), electrons (e-), and neutrons (n0) in (Sodium) 11Na23 atom.
Given:
Element: Sodium (Na)
Atomic Number of Na = 11
Mass Number of Na = 23
Answer: p+ = 11; e- = 11; n0 = 12

The symbol 11Na23 designates an atom of sodium that has a mass number of 23
and an atomic number of 11.The number of protons in an atom of sodium is 11(atomic
number z), the number of electrons is also equal to 11 ( number of electron is equal to the
number of protons for a neutral atom). The number of neutrons in the nucleus is equal to 12,
(A –Z). (23 minus 11)

5
.
Example 2.
In an atom of Copper 29Cu64, A = 64 (Mass number) and Z=29 (atomic number)
Atomic number = 29
Mass number = 64
Therefore:
Number of p+ = 29
e- = 29
n0 = 35

What’s More

Activity 6: The PEN

Objectives: At the end of the lesson, you should be able to determine the number of protons,
electrons, and neutrons (PEN).

From the given examples above, determine the following:

1. What is the number of protons and number of electrons in Krypton atom? 36Kr84

2. What is the atomic mass of an element with 40 protons,40 electrons, and 46

neutrons?

3. Determine the atomic number, mass number, when the number of protons is 8, n
number of electrons is 8 and number of neutrons is 8.

4. How will you compute for the number of electrons in a potassium with 24 protons and
atomic number of 24?

5. Solve for the atomic mass of an element with atomic number is 30 and number of
neutrons is 35, and number of electrons is 30.

6
Activity 7 – Atomic Structure
Objectives: Determine the number of protons, number of neutrons and number of electrons
in an atom.
Materials: Paper and Pen
Directions: Fill in the table with the needed information.

Element Atomic Atomic Number of Number of Number of

Number Mass Proton Electron Neutron
1.Magnesium (Mg) 12 24
2.Cesium (Cs) 133 55
3.Iron (Fe) 56 26
4.Nickel (Ni) 28 31
5.Gold (Au) 79 197
6.Cobalt (Co) 27 32
7.Bromine (Br) 79 35
8.Krypton (Kr) 36 48
9.Germanium (Ge) 73 32
10.Arsenic (As) 33 42

Q1. What are the similarities among the same element?

___________________________________________________________________

Q2. What are the differences among the same element?

___________________________________________________________________

Q3. What are the differences among the different elements?

___________________________________________________________________

7
 What I Have Learned

Activity 8: Try Again!

Directions: Indicate the number of protons (P+), number of electrons (e-), number of neutrons
(n0) of the following atoms.

1. 27
13Al
Number of Protons (P+) = _____
Number of Electrons(e-) = _____
Number of Neutrons (n0) = _____
2. 56
26Fe
Number of Protons (P+) = _____
Number of Electrons(e-) = _____
Number of Neutrons (n0) = _____
3. 53 I 127
Number of Protons (P+) = _____
Number of Electrons(e-) = _____
Number of Neutrons (n0) = _____
4. 92 U235
Number of Protons (P+) = _____
Number of Electrons(e-) = _____
Number of Neutrons (n0) = _____
5. 29
14Si
Number of Protons (P+) = _____
Number of Electrons(e-) = _____
Number of Neutrons (n0) = _____

Q1. If you know the number of protons of an atom, what other particle would you
automatically know the number? And, why?

_________________________________________________________________________
Q2. How will you compute for the number of neutrons?

_________________________________________________________________________

8
 What I Can Do

Activity 9: THIS IS IT!

Direction: Write at least 5 examples of situations in work related activities that you had
experienced which you think the protons (the positive charged particle), electrons (the
negative charged particle), and neutrons (the neutral charged of atom) was applied.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

9
Summary
In this module we have learned that:

1. According to Greek philosopher, Democritus, matter is made up of very tiny particles

called atom.
2. Atom composed of proton, neutron, and electron.
3. The proton is positively charged body. It is found in the atom’s nucleus together with
the neutron.
4. A neutron has no electrical charge. A particle of zero electric charge.
5. An electron is a negatively charged body found to be spinning outside the nucleus.
6. The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of protons or number of
electrons of neutral element.
7. Atomic mass number is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutron of the
atom.

10
 Assessment (Post-Test)
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter only.

1. Which of the following particles is not found in the nucleus?

A. Proton C. Electron
B. Neutron D. Quarks
2. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
A. The total mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom accounts for most of
the mass of the atom.
B. Neutrons have a charge equal to that of electrons.
C. The electron is the first subatomic particle discovered.
D. Electrons are negatively charge.
3. Chromium has a mass number 52 and atomic number of 24. Solve for number of
protons?
A. 24 C. 52
B. 28 D. 76
4. They were considered the front runners of scientific studies?
A. Egyptians C. Romans
B. Greeks D. Americans
5. How do you put electric charge to an object?
A. By hanging C. By cutting
B. By biting D. By rubbing
6. In a Bismuth atom, the atomic mass 209, Atomic number is 83. How many numbers
of neutrons does it contain?
A. 209 C. 83
B. 126 D. 292
7. In an atom of zinc, 30Zn65, the respective numbers of protons, neutrons, and
electrons are:
A. 30, 35, 30 C. 30, 65, 35
B. 30, 65, 35 D. 65, 35, 30
8. What did J.J. Thompson contribute to the development of knowledge concerning
atom?
A. He discovered the proton C. He discovered the neutron
B. He discovered the electron D. Her established the existence of a
positive
9. In a Fluorine atom 9 F19, what is the number neutrons?
A. 29 C. 10
B. 38 D. 9
10. If an atom has 24 protons and 24 electrons, what is the atomic number of this
element?
A. Zero C. 48
B. 24 D. 42

11
 12
Pre-Test Post-Test
1. D 1. C
2. B 2. B
3. A 3. A
4. B 4. B
5. C 5. D
6. A 6. B
7. B 7. A
8. A 8. B
9. C 9. C
10. B 10. B
LESSON 1
Activity 1
Q1.- Solid, liquid, gas
Q2. Al = 1, Hg = 1
H=1
Q3.
Solid - Particles are too close from each other.
Liquid - particles are farther from each other
Gas - are very far
Activity 2 Activity 3
Q1. bits paper – attracted 1. proton=6
Q2. Yes, comb become negatively charged Neutron=6
Q3. Adding electrons, the plastic become negative Electrons =6
- the paper is positively charge 2.Al = proton 13
Neutrons=14
Electron = 13
3.protons=17
Neutrons=18
Activity 4 Activity 5
1. Electron 1. Na= 12
2. Neutron 2. Ca= 20
3. Protons and Neutron 3. Cr= 52
4. Proton is Positive; Electron is 4. Si = 28
Negative; Neutron is Neutral 5. S =16
5. Neutron and Proton Q1. Get the difference between Mass number and
atomic number/Number of Protons /number of
electrons
Activity 6
1.Proton =36 4.Electron = 24
Electron =36 5.atomic mass=65
2.86
3.atomic number =8
Mass number =16
Key to Answers
 13
Activity 7
1. Mg : P=12 ; N=12
2. Cs : Atomic Number =55;e =55, N=78
3. Fe : Atomic Number =26;p =26; N=30
4. Ni : Atomic Mass = 59; P=28;e =28
5. Au : p=79; e=79
6. Co : Atomic Number = 27; Atomic Mass = 59; P=27
7. Br : Atomic Number =35; e=35
8. Kr : Atomic Number = 36; P=36
9. Ge : Atomic Number =32; e=32
10. As : Mass Number=72;P=33;e=33
Q1. Similar in number of Protons, Electrons, and Atomic Number
Q2. The differ in Number of Neutrons
Q3. They differ in number of Protons, Electrons and Neutrons.
Activity 8
1. Al: P = 13; e = 13; N = 14
2. Fe: P = 26; e = 26; N = 30
3. I: P = 53; e = 53; N = 74
4. U: P = 92; e = 92; N = 163
5. Si; P = 14; e = 14; N = 15
Q1. Number of electrons/Number of protons
Because: atomic number=number of protons = number of electrons
Q3. Difference of mass number and Number of electrons
References

Philippines. Department of Education. 2014. Science 8 Learner’s Module. Quezon City:

Author C. Jauco, Orlando A. Oronce, Science and Technology 111 Conforms SEDP,
Philippine Copyright,1994 by Rex Book Store.1994

Eben S. DY,Magdalina ,Department of education, Science and Technology Textbook for

fourth Year, Quezon City, author 2007

Science: Science and Technology for the Future. (DIWA Scholastic Press Inc.),287

Religioso, T., Vengco, L. Integrated Science textbook for 1st year, 2nd ed. (Phoenix
Publishing Inc., 1995.), 106-107

Grade 8 Science Modules. Philippine Public-School Edition. (Tru-Copy Publishing House,

Inc., 2015),191-199

Frontiers in science & Technology III Chemistry (Diwa Scholastic Press Inc.)
Philippine copyright 2002,94- 96

https://en,m.wikipedia.org>wiki

14
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