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ch05 과제

The document provides information about calculating vacancy concentrations and defect formation in various materials at different temperatures. It gives equations for vacancy formation energy, density, and atomic weight for iron, aluminum, zinc oxide, lithium oxide, and calcium oxide. It also provides a table with atomic radius, crystal structure, electronegativity, and common valence for several metals and nonmetals. Finally, it asks questions about calculating compositions in atom percent and weight percent for various alloy systems.

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74 views

ch05 과제

The document provides information about calculating vacancy concentrations and defect formation in various materials at different temperatures. It gives equations for vacancy formation energy, density, and atomic weight for iron, aluminum, zinc oxide, lithium oxide, and calcium oxide. It also provides a table with atomic radius, crystal structure, electronegativity, and common valence for several metals and nonmetals. Finally, it asks questions about calculating compositions in atom percent and weight percent for various alloy systems.

Uploaded by

ks k
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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5.2 Calculate the number of vacancies per cubic meter in iron at 850 C.

The energy for vacancy


formation is 1.08 eV/atom. Furthermore, the density and atomic weight for Fe are 7.65 g/cm 3 and 55.85 g/mol,
respectively.

5.3 Calculate the activation energy for vacancy formation in aluminum, given that the equilibrium number
of vacancies at 500C (773 K) is 7.57  1023 m-3. The atomic weight and density (at 500 C) for aluminum are,
respectively, 26.98 g/mol and 2.62 g/cm3.

5.6 Calculate the number of Frenkel defects per cubic meter in zinc oxide at 1000°C. The energy for
defect formation is 2.51 eV, whereas the density for ZnO is 5.55 g/cm3 at 1000°C.

5.8 In your own words, briefly define the term “stoichiometric.”

5.10 (a) Suppose that Li2O is added as an impurity to CaO. If the Li+ substitutes for Ca2+, what kind of
vacancies would you expect to form? How many of these vacancies are created for every Li + added?
(b) Suppose that CaCl2 is added as an impurity to CaO. If the Cl- substitutes for O2-, what kind of vacancies
would you expect to form? How many of the vacancies are created for every Cl - added?

5.12 Atomic radius, crystal structure, electronegativity, and the most common valence are tabulated in the
following table for several elements; for those that are nonmetals, only atomic radii are indicated.

Atomic Radius
Element Crystal Structure Electronegativity Valence
(nm)
Cu 0.1278 FCC 1.9 +2
C 0.071
H 0.046
O 0.060
Ag 0.1445 FCC 1.9 +1
Al 0.1431 FCC 1.5 +3
Co 0.1253 HCP 1.8 +2
Cr 0.1249 BCC 1.6 +3
Fe 0.1241 BCC 1.8 +2
Ni 0.1246 FCC 1.8 +2
Pd 0.1376 FCC 2.2 +2
Pt 0.1387 FCC 2.2 +2
Zn 0.1332 HCP 1.6 +2

Which of these elements would you expect to form the following with copper:
(a) A substitutional solid solution having complete solubility
(b) A substitutional solid solution of incomplete solubility
(c) An interstitial solid solution

5.16 What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that consists of 30 wt% Zn and 70 wt% Cu?

5.17 What is the composition, in weight percent, of an alloy that consists of 6 at% Pb and 94 at% Sn?

5.20 What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that contains 99.7 lb m of copper, 102 lbm of zinc,
and 2.1 lbm of lead?

5.1FE Calculate the number of vacancies per cubic meter at 1000°C for a metal that has an energy for vacancy
formation of 1.22 eV/atom, a density of 6.25 g/cm3, and an atomic weight of 37.4 g/mol.

(A) 1.49  1018 m-3


(B) 7.18  1022 m-3
(C) 1.49  1024 m-3
(D) 2.57  1024 m-3

5.2FE What is the composition, in atom percent, of an alloy that consists of 4.5 wt% Pb and 95.5 wt% Sn? The
atomic weights for Pb and Sn are 207.19 g/mol and 118.71 g/mol, respectively.

(A) 2.6 at% Pb and 97.4 at% Sn


(B) 7.6 at% Pb and 92.4 at% Sn
(C) 97.4 at% Pb and 2.6 at% Sn
(D) 92.4 at% Pb and 7.6 at% Sn

5.3FE What is the composition, in weight percent, of an alloy that consists of 94.1 at% Ag and 5.9 at% Cu? The
atomic weights for Ag and Cu are 107.87 g/mol and 63.55 g/mol, respectively.
(A) 9.6 wt% Ag and 90.4 wt% Cu
(B) 3.6 wt% Ag and 96.4 wt% Cu
(C) 90.4 wt% Ag and 9.6 wt% Cu
(D) 96.4 wt% Ag and 3.6 wt% Cu

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