DGD 4

PHY1122, Spring 2022

May 27, 2022
 Q 26.5

• (a) True. Resistors are placed series (Conservation of charges).

• (b) False.

• (c) False. Electrical power: 𝑃 = 𝐼 2 𝑅. Current is the same. Resistors are different.
• (d) True. 𝑅2 > 𝑅1 → 𝑃2 > 𝑃1
• (e) False. 𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅.
• (f) False. 𝑉𝑎 > 𝑉𝑏 > 𝑉𝑐
• (g) False.
• (h) True.
 Q 26.6

• (a) False. For resistors in parallel, 𝑉1 = 𝑉2 therefore 𝐼1𝑅1 = 𝐼2𝑅2. Since 𝑅2 > 𝑅1, we must have 𝐼2 < 𝐼1.
• (b) True. Conservation of currents at points a and b.
• (c) Ture.
• (d) False. 𝑃1 = 𝑉12/𝑅1 and 𝑃2 = 𝑉22/𝑅2 and 𝑉1 = 𝑉2 and 𝑅2 > 𝑅1 , so 𝑃1 > 𝑃2 .
• (e) False.
• (f) True. Points 𝑎, 𝑐, and 𝑒 are all at the same potential (they are connected by wires) and points 𝑑, 𝑓,
and 𝑏 are all at the same potential.
• (g) Ture. The point at which current enters (point 𝑐) is always at higher potential than where current
exits (point 𝑑).
• (h) False.
• (i) False. Point 𝑐 and point 𝑒 are at the same potential.
 Q 26.10+11

• The lightbulb will have a fixed value of resistance. The brightness of the bulb is determined by the power
delivered to it. When the switch is open, the voltage across the bulb is the same as the terminal voltage across the
battery and the current in the circuit is 𝐼.
• (a)
• Let’s assume the resistor shown has the same resistance as the bulb. When the switch is closed, we have the
bulb and resistor in parallel so the equivalent resistance in the circuit becomes half the original resistance. This
means the current through the battery will double. Since the battery has no internal resistance, the emf it
produces remains the same as its terminal voltage (ie. 𝑉 = 𝜀). Therefore, the current through the bulb and
voltage across it remains the same. The power delivered to it is constant and its brightness does not change.
• (b)
Again when the switch is closed, the resistance in the circuit is halved and the current doubles. If the battery has
a non-negligible internal resistance, when the current through it doubles (or increases, in general), this increase
in current means that the terminal voltage across the battery decreases since 𝑉 = 𝜀 − 𝐼𝑟 (ie. if 𝐼 increases then 𝐼𝑟
increases and 𝑉 decreases). So when the switch is closed, the terminal voltage across the battery decreases.
Therefore, the voltage across the bulb will decrease as well and this means the bulb will have a decrease in
brightness.
 P 26.8

(a)
−1
1 1 1
𝑅𝑒𝑞 = + + = 0.80 Ω
1.60 Ω 2.40 Ω 4.80 Ω

(b) 𝑉1 = 𝑉2 = 𝑉3 = 𝜀 = 28.0 V since the resistors are in parallel

𝑉1 28.0 V
𝐼1 = = = 17.5 A
𝑅1 1.60 Ω
Similarly, 𝐼2 = 11.7 A and 𝐼3 = 5.80 A

(c) The total current is the sum of all the currents: 𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼3

Or: 𝐼 = 𝑅𝜀𝑒𝑞 = 0.80
28.0 V
Ω
= 35.0 A
 P 26.8

(d) From part (b) : 28.0 V

(e) Use any of the expressions for the power:

𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 = 𝐼 2 𝑅 = 𝑉 2 /𝑅
𝑃1 = 𝑉1𝐼1 = 28.0 V 17.5 A = 490 W
Similarly, 𝑃2 = 327 W and 𝑃3 = 163 W .
The largest power is dissipated in the smallest resistor, 𝑅1.
 P 26.54

Reduce the four-resistor circuit into a single equivalent resistance. 𝑅1 and 𝑅2 are in series :
𝑅𝑒𝑞,𝑠 = 8.00 Ω
This equivalent resistor is in parallel with 𝑅3 :
−1
𝑅𝑒𝑞,𝑝 = 1 + 1
8.00 Ω 𝑅3
𝑅𝑒𝑞,𝑝 is in series with 𝑅4 :
−1
𝑅𝑒𝑞 = 1 + 1 + 3.00 Ω
8.00 Ω 𝑅3
Now use the given dissipated energy:
𝑉2 𝜀2 𝜀2 48.0 V 2
𝑃= = → 𝑅𝑒𝑞 = = = 7.81 Ω
𝑅𝑒𝑞 𝑅𝑒𝑞 𝑃 295 W
−1
1 1
7.81 Ω = + + 3.00 Ω
8.00 Ω 𝑅3
1 1 1
= +
4.81 Ω 8.00 Ω 𝑅3
−1
1 1
𝑅3 = − = 12.06 Ω
4.81 Ω 8.00 Ω
 E 26.24
Use the Kirchhoff’s rules to analyze this circuit and determine the currents in each branch.
Note the convention being utilized in the circuit.
Write the junction rule at point a:
0 = 𝐼1 − 𝐼2 − 𝐼3 → 𝐼1 = 𝐼2 + 𝐼3
Use the loop rule twice:
10.0 V
Left: 0 = 10.0 V − 𝐼2 30.0 Ω → 𝐼2 = 30.0 Ω = 0.333 A
Right: 0 = −𝐼3 20.0 Ω − 5.00 V + 𝐼2 30.0 Ω

−5.00 V + 𝐼2 30.0 Ω −5.00 V + 0.333 A 30.0 Ω

𝐼3 = = = 0.250 A
20.0 Ω 20.0 Ω

Now, substitute the currents in the junction rule:

𝐼1 = 𝐼2 + 𝐼3 = 0.333 A + 0.250 A = 0.583 A
Since all of the currents have positive values, we can deduce that we picked the correct direction for each of them (If the
we had ended up with negative currents, that meant we were using the wrong direction for the currents).
 E 26.47
Try to simplify the circuit as much as possible.
(a)
When the switch is just closed, all the uncharged capacitors behave like short circuits because they don’t have any charge on
them and they have zero potential difference across them. Current always goes through the path of least resistance so this means
that any resistor that’s in parallel with a capacitor can be eliminated (as shown in the figure) because it does not contribute to the
total potential difference. This leaves us with a 25.0 Ω and 50.0 Ω resistors in parallel (on the right side) and those are in series
with the 75.0 Ω and 15.0 Ω resistors:
−1
1 1
𝑅𝑒𝑞 = 75.0 Ω + + + 15.0 Ω = 106.667 Ω
50.0 Ω 25.0 Ω
Now calculate the initial current:
𝑉 100.0 V
𝐼𝑖 = = = 0.937 A
𝑅𝑒𝑞 106.667 Ω
 E 26.47

(b)
If the switch has now been closed for a long time, we can consider the capacitors to be completely charged. So
they act like an open circuit and current (charge) can’t flow through them. This eliminates any resistors that are
in series with them (as shown in the second figure) since current can’t make it to those resistors and they won’t
contribute to the potential difference. The capacitors that are crossed out are not included in the calculations.
From the power supply the current goes through the resistors in this order in series: 25 Ω, 75 Ω, 25 Ω, 25 Ω, 15
Ω. This adds to an equivalent resistance of 165 Ω. The final current is:

100.0 V
𝐼𝑓 = = 0.606 A
165 Ω