Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized

ANNUAL REPORT
and Recovery
for Disaster Reduction
Global Facility

’22
Vilanculos, Mozambique—Local women help pull fishing nets. Photo: © Julia Kavtaradze.
Bringing resilience to scale
© 2022 Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

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Notes: Fiscal year (FY) runs from July 1 to June 30; the financial contributions and expenditures reported are reflected up to
June 30, 2022; all dollar amounts are in U.S. dollars ($) unless otherwise indicated.

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iv / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Table of Contents
Foreword vii
How GFDRR Works ix
Overview x
Executive Summary xiv
FY22 in Numbers: Bringing Resilience to Scale xxii
Natural Hazards and Priority Areas xxiv
FY22 Portfolio and Mobilized Finance xxvi

FY22 Highlight 1
GRADE: A Rapid and Reliable Method of Measuring Disaster Impacts 2

Priorities and Cross-Cutting Areas 9

Priority 1: Risk-Informed Decision-Making 10
In Focus Kenya Digital Public Works for Urban Resilience 13
Priority 2: Reducing Risk and Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Management 15
In Focus Strengthening the Resilience of the Transport Sector across Small Island Developing States 20
In Focus Informing Urban Resilience Planning in Côte d’Ivoire 21
Priority 3: Financial Preparedness to Manage Disaster and Climate Shocks 22
In Focus Enhancing Disaster Risk Financing in the Caribbean 25
Priority 4: Disaster Preparedness and Resilient Recovery 26
In Focus Developing the South-East European Multi-Hazard Early Warning Advisory System to Strengthen Resilience to
Shared Natural Hazard Risks 29
Cross-Cutting Priority Area: Inclusive Disaster Risk Management and Gender Equality 30
In Focus Integrating Inclusive Disaster Risk Management Approaches to Project Design for Resilient Recovery in Honduras 32
In Focus Identifying Opportunities to Enhance Community Resilience in South Sudan 34
Cross-Cutting Priority Area: Addressing the Disaster-Conflict Nexus 35
In Focus The Challenge in Building Urban Resilience in an FCV Context in Gaza City 38

In-Country Engagements 41
Africa 42
In Focus Informing Resilient Recovery Policy, Planning, and Investments in Freetown, Sierra Leone 47
East Asia and Pacific 48
In Focus Advancing Resilient Housing in Indonesia 52
Europe and Central Asia 54
In Focus Enabling Disaster Risk Management Decision-Making in Albania 58
Latin America and the Caribbean 60
In Focus Enhancing Institutional Capacities for a More Comprehensive and Inclusive DRM in Panama 64
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / v

Middle East and North Africa 66

In Focus Strengthening Urban Resilience in Moroccan Cities 70
South Asia 72
In Focus Mitigating Disaster Risk in Sri Lanka through Nature-Based Solutions 75

Key Publications and Events 77

Key Publications FY22 78
In Focus Strong Analytics for Effective Disaster Risk Management 83
Summary of Events 85
In Focus GFDRR Partnership Days Spring 2022: The Power of Partnerships 89
In Focus Understanding Risk (UR) Asia 90

Umbrella Program 91
GFDRR Umbrella: Contributions to Scaling Up and Mainstreaming Resilience in a World of Compound Risks 92
In Focus Taking Stock of the Lessons from a Decade of Progress in Disaster Risk Management 95

Financial and Portfolio Information 96

Portfolio Summary 97
FY22 Financial Statements 99
Mobilizing Development Financing 103

Looking Forward 105

Annex 1: Results Progress 108
Annex 2: List of Trust-Funded Activities or Projects Funded 114
Annex 3: Key Umbrella Program Data 121
Abbreviations 122
 vi / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Helping the dunes help us. Photo: © EAGiven.

 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / vii

Foreword

Sarah Charles Bernice van Bronkhorst Sameh Wahba

Assistant to the Administrator, Global Director, Urban, Regional Director for Sustainable
United States Agency for Resilience and Land Development, Europe and Central
International Development Global Practice (GPURL), Asia, World Bank (former Global
(USAID) Sustainable Development Director of GPURL)
Network, World Bank

Amid multiple crises—the Russian of disaster risk management (DRM), was as well as to identifying and assessing
invasion of Ukraine, lingering impacts released. It showed that the facility’s the ways in which natural hazards and
from the pandemic, surging inflation, technical assistance and analytical conflict interrelate.
food scarcity, rising debt levels, and support have played a major role in
GFDRR will continue to step up its
reversals in development—the climate tripling the World Bank’s support of
ongoing work in inclusive DRM and
crisis has intensified with serious DRM between 2010 and 2020 and have
gender equality and the DRM-fragility,
consequences for the poorest and the been highly effective in driving its DRM
conflict, and violence (FCV) nexus. It
most vulnerable. Building resilience initiatives.
will also deepen its commitment to a
has never been more important, and
Between 2007 and 2022, GFDRR has multisectoral and synergistic approach
the need to do so is accompanied by
provided $890 million in technical to DRM that spans thematic areas such
a growing sense of urgency. With 15
assistance, analytics, and capacity as resilient infrastructure and disaster
years of experience, the Global Facility
building support to more than 157 risk financing.4
for Disaster Reduction and Recovery
countries through in-country, regional,
(GFDRR) is an innovator in the field The new normal of compounded risks
and global activities.1 The facility
of disaster risk management and is will continue to test the ability of
has helped mobilize approximately
well-positioned to address this pressing countries and communities to manage
$35 billion in financing since 2015
issue as a global partnership based risks from natural hazards and adapt to
for disaster and climate resilience
within the World Bank. climate change. GFDRR—together with
from the World Bank Group, national
the World Bank and our regional and
GFDRR provides analytical and technical governments, and other development
local partners—will be working to build
support to help communities and partners.2 For each dollar entrusted
on the progress already achieved for a
countries identify and define risks from to GFDRR, it influences at least
more resilient future.
climate change and natural hazards 100 dollars in climate resilient
as well as to implement policies and development impact.3
increase investments to reduce those
But there is still more to be done. The 4
For the purpose of this report, when using the
disaster risks in the context of countries’
IEG evaluation unearthed lessons that term gender we refer to the social, behavioral,
development priorities. GFDRR is and cultural attributes, expectations, and
will drive and inform DRM efforts going
also creating global public goods for norms associated with being male or female.
forward. These include increasingly
climate action using data, innovative Gender equality refers to how these factors
integrating the requirements of determine the way in which women and
tools, and new models to facilitate
populations that are disproportionately men relate to each other and to the resulting
evidence-based decisions for disaster
affected by disasters into the process, difference in power between them (see the
risk management. As underscored in the World Bank Group Gender Strategy (FY16-
facility’s 2021–2025 Strategy, GFDRR is 23): Gender Equality, Poverty Reduction and
committed to stepping up these efforts 1
This number includes trust funds under Inclusive Growth for more details).GFDRR
in this era of compounded risks. GFDRR’s Umbrella Program and its promotes inclusion and gender equality in
Standalone Trust Funds. disaster risk management activities across the
In FY22, an evaluation from the World 2
GFDRR uses the World Bank Group’s World Bank and with partners by producing
Bank Group’s Independent Evaluation established methodology for calculating the knowledge products and analytics, conducting
mobilized financing numbers. workshops and events, and facilitating
Group (IEG), which confirmed GFDRR’s 3
This ratio is calculated based on the funding knowledge-sharing activities with partners,
transformative contributions to the field mobilized through GFDRR grants. communities, and other stakeholders.
 viii / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Child studying in his home. Photo © Claudio Quacquarelli | Dreamstime.com.

 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / ix

How GFDRR Works

GFDRR’s vision is a world where all activities prior to funding for toward the mainstreaming of disaster
communities and countries are more links to advance its cross-cutting risk management and climate resilience
resilient to natural hazards, climate themes of social inclusion; gender in national policy development,
risks, and other shocks, and where equality; and fragility, conflict, and budgeting, and planning.
the human and economic costs of violence; as well as its potential
disasters are reduced. to mobilize additional financing.
It will also monitor and evaluate UMBRELLA PROGRAM
implementation of this strategy
MISSION to improve portfolio performance, GFDRR is an Umbrella Program
increase learning and knowledge comprised of one anchor Multi-Donor
GFDRR helps communities and exchange, strengthen accountability, Trust Fund (MDTF) and two Associated
countries reduce risk and prepare and inform decision-making. Trust Funds (ATFs), with the potential
for, and recover from, disasters by to expand to include additional ATFs
integrating disaster risk management over time. Together, these three trust
and climate change adaptation into IN-COUNTRY ENGAGEMENTS funds are working across GFDRR’s
development strategies and programs. four priority areas and two cross-
Through these actions, GFDRR supports GFDRR channels funding to in-country cutting priority areas, which have been
countries to implement the Sendai engagements that help strengthen local delineated in the 2021-2025 GFDRR
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, capacity and awards grant resources Strategy that seeks to achieve GFDRR’s
the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable based on criteria aligned with its strategic objectives.
Development, and the Paris Agreement. operating principles. Core to GFDRR’s
vision is helping countries bring
resilience to scale. As such, many of
PRIORITY AREAS
OPERATING PRINCIPLES the activities target interventions that
mobilize larger development programs. GFDRR supports inclusive disaster and
GFDRR supports activities and GFDRR operates across six regions: climate resilience globally, according
prioritizes resources based on the Africa, East Asia and Pacific, Europe to four priority areas and two cross-
following operating principles: and Central Asia, Latin America and cutting priority areas, as outlined in its
the Caribbean, Middle East and North Strategy.
1. Activities are demand driven.
Africa, and South Asia.
Funded activities respond to Priority 1
specific requests from national Risk-informed decision-making
and subnational authorities that
are informed by the needs and IMPLEMENTATION Priority 2
priorities of communities, ensuring Reducing risk and mainstreaming
GFDRR’s funding of upstream analytical,
the necessary ownership needed to advisory, and technical assistance disaster risk management
achieve positive results. work provides the basis for countries Priority 3
2. Activities are socially inclusive. GFDRR to pursue the institutional and policy Financial preparedness to manage
is committed to ensuring inclusive reform needed for strengthening disaster and climate shocks
and equitable interventions; disaster risk management. Our
expertise and innovative tools also Priority 4
supporting community-driven
inform the design and implementation Disaster preparedness and resilient
development and capacity building;
of investments in risk reduction, risk recovery
and engaging all people, regardless
financing, emergency preparedness, Cross-Cutting Priority Area 1
of their gender, race, religion,
and disaster recovery through the
ethnicity, age, sexual orientation, or Scaling Inclusive disaster risk
World Bank and development partners.
ability. management and gender equality
Together, GFDRR’s funding of technical
3. Activities are results focused. assistance and its own best available Cross-Cutting Priority Area 2
GFDRR will continue to assess global expertise collectively contributes Addressing the disaster-conflict nexus
x / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Overview
Established in 2006, the Global Facility development, budgeting, and planning. across GFDRR’s four priority areas and
for Disaster Reduction and Recovery GFDRR is based within the World Bank two cross-cutting priority areas, which
(GFDRR) is a global partnership that and uses this position effectively to have been delineated in the 2021-2025
helps low- and middle-income countries mobilize large amounts of development GFDRR Strategy that seeks to achieve
better understand and reduce their financing for disaster and climate risk GFDRR’s strategic objectives. There
vulnerability to natural hazards and management. are eight other standalone trust funds
climate change. GFDRR’s funding of managed by GFDRR that have not been
upstream analytical, advisory, and included in the Umbrella Program.
technical assistance work provides
About the Annual Report These standalones will likely close at
the basis for countries to pursue and the Umbrella Program the end of a fixed period or come under
the institutional and policy reform the Umbrella over the next three years.
needed for strengthening disaster In the middle of FY22, GFDRR
risk management. GFDRR’s expertise transitioned into an Umbrella Program. The financial and portfolio information in
and innovative tools also inform This program started with one anchor the Annual Report concerns the Umbrella
the design and implementation of Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF) and Program, not the other standalone
investments in risk reduction, risk two Associated Trust Funds (ATFs), trust funds; the Annex also includes
financing, emergency preparedness, with the potential to expand to include information about the monitoring and
and disaster recovery through the work additional ATFs over time.5 Together, evaluation of GFDRR’s grants under the
of the World Bank and development these three trust funds are working Umbrella Program. Although focusing
partners. Together, GFDRR’s funding on activities funded by the Umbrella
of technical assistance and its best 5
Under the new structure, the GFDRR’s Program as much as possible, some of
available global expertise collectively third Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF III) is the narratives detailing GFDRR’s key
the anchor trust fund; the U.S. Agency for
contribute toward the mainstreaming outcomes and activities in priority areas
International Development (USAID) and the
of disaster risk management (DRM) and Multi-Donor Trust Fund for the City Resilience and regions have been funded by the
climate resilience in national policy Program (CRP) are ATFs. standalone trust funds.

Photo: Husband and wife cleaning their solar panel. Photo: © Vladimir Vladimirov.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / xi

Schematic
SchematicofofGFDRR-Managed
GFDRR ManagedTrust
TrustFunds in in
Funds FY22
FY22
Trust Funds outside of the GFDRR Umbrella Program

Canada-Caribbean Resilience Facility (CRF)

GFDRR Umbrella

GFDRR Partnership Council (PC) European Union (EU)

Africa, Caribbean and Pacific - European Union Natural

Program Management Unit (PMU)
Disaster Risk Reduction Program (ACP-EU NDRR)

Caribbean Regional Resilience Building Facility (CRRBF)

Technical Assistance Program for Disaster Risk Financing and

Insurance in Caribbean Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs)

EU-South Asia Capacity Building for

Disaster Risk Management (EU-SAR DRM)
Anchor Multi-Donor
Trust Fund (MDTF) Associated Trust Funds Strengthening Financial Resilience and
Accelerating Risk Reduction in Central Asia

City
Resilience USAID Other new
SDTF programs Japan–World Bank Program for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk
Program (CRP)
Management in Developing Countries (Japan Program)

Bank-executed grants Recipient-executed grants Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Management in the

Indo-Pacific Region (financed by DFAT)

The Umbrella Program impacts in the Africa, Caribbean and Strengthening Financial Resilience
Pacific Group of States by supporting and Accelerating Risk Reduction in
and the Standalone Trust governments in their efforts to integrate Central Asia
Funds risk management approaches into This program will improve financial
planning.6 resilience and risk-informed investment
Below is the list of GFDRR’s standalone
trust funds in FY22, all of which will close Caribbean Regional Resilience planning toward building disaster
at the end of a fixed period or continue Building Facility (CRRBF) and climate resilience in Kazakhstan,
with new funding under the Umbrella This facility provides countries with the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan,
Program over the next three years. financial and technical assistance Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
to enhance long-term resilience and
Canada-Caribbean Resilience Facility Japan–World Bank Program for
adaptation capacities for the most
(CRF) Mainstreaming Disaster Risk
vulnerable.
Established in 2019 with funding Management in Developing Countries
from Canada, this facility aims to Technical Assistance Program for Also called the Japan Program, this is a
help Caribbean countries achieve Disaster Risk Financing and Insurance partnership between the government
more effective and coordinated in Caribbean Overseas Countries and of Japan and the World Bank to support
gender-response and climate-resilient Territories (OCTs)
preparedness, recovery, and public client countries in enhancing their
This program supports Caribbean OCTs
financial management practices. resilience against climate change
in developing innovative disaster risk
and natural hazards. It is managed
The next five standalone trust funds financing (DRF) options and promote
informed decision-making in DRF. and implemented by GDFRR through
and programs are EU-funded programs; its Tokyo Disaster Risk Management
these are followed by a program funded EU-South Asia Capacity Building for (DRM) Hub. Its objective is to support
by Japan and one funded by Australia. Disaster Risk Management Program client countries in mainstreaming DRM
Africa, Caribbean and Pacific - (EU-SAR DRM Program) into national development planning
European Union Natural Disaster Risk This program supports
and investment programs, including
Reduction Program (ACP-EU NDRR) hydrometeorological service delivery
through World Bank country strategies
Trust Fund (also known as the APC–EU and capacity building among
and operations. The Japan Program
Natural Disaster Risk Reduction (ACP–EU regional bodies and national disaster
management centers in managing also connects Japanese and global DRM
NDRR) Program)
natural hazard risks. expertise with country counterparts and
This program enhances preparedness World Bank task teams.
for natural hazards and mitigates their This program closed in December 2021.
6
xii / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Priority 14 Thematic Areas

Management in the Indo-Pacific
PRIORITY 1 1. Digital Earth
Region (funded by Australia’s
Risk-Informed Decision-Making 2. Disaster Risk Analytics
Department of Foreign Affairs and
Trade or DFAT) PRIORITY 2 3. Building Regulations for Resilience
This trust fund, financed by Australia, 4. City Resilience
Reducing Risk and Mainstreaming
supports developing countries in the 5. Nature-Based Solutions (NBS)
Disaster Risk Management
Indo-Pacific region to mainstream 6. Resilient Housing
disaster and climate risk management 7. Resilient Infrastructure
into national and local development 8. Safer Schools
planning and investment programs. It
PRIORITY 3 9. Disaster Risk Finance
also helps disaster-affected countries
in the region improve the quality Financial Preparedness to Manage
and timeliness of their recovery and Disaster and Climate Shocks
reconstruction. PRIORITY 4 10. Climate and DRM for Health Systems
Disaster Preparedness and Resilient 11. Emergency Preparedness and Response
(EP&R)
GFDRR’s Outcomes and Recovery
12. Hydromet Services and Early Warning
Impact Systems

Slowly moving forward from the CROSS-CUTTING PRIORITY AREA 13. Inclusive DRM and Gender Equality
COVID-19 crisis but with the pandemic Inclusive Disaster Risk Management and
still fresh in everyone’s minds, this fiscal Gender Equality
year saw a stronger resolve from client
CROSS-CUTTING PRIORITY AREA 14. DRM-FCV Nexus
countries to be more resilient and better
prepared for compound risks. Natural Addressing the Disaster-Conflict Nexus
hazards never stopped because there
was a pandemic, and the impacts of
those disasters on the most vulnerable GFDRR (1) provides financial support for Above are the 14 thematic areas
people—such as women and people technical assistance and expertise; and in which GFDRR works, organized
with disabilities—are far greater than on (2) invests in new analytics, innovative according to priorities and cross-cutting
other, less vulnerable ones, especially solutions, and tools, to generate and areas in the facility’s 2021–2025
share best available global knowledge Strategy.7 Resilience to climate change
in contexts of fragility, conflict, and
that can (3) create outcomes and is covered in all thematic areas.
violence (FCV).
impact to help improve disaster risk
GFDRR was in a prime position to management and climate change
adaptation operations and policies.
GFDRR Theory of Change
support communities, local and national
governments, and regions in their The GFDRR Theory of Change (TOC)
GFDRR provides grant financing to
endeavors to build resilience. Even before provides the conceptual framework
the most vulnerable countries and
the pandemic, the global partnership that explains how the activities of
communities where there is a higher
was part of many ongoing engagements GFDRR will bring about change. It
likelihood it will have positive impact
and dialogues to identify gaps and find represents the logical progression and
and draw in larger disaster and climate
solutions for adapting to climate change sequence of inputs, activities, outputs,
resilience investments. For each dollar
and reducing disaster risks. Now, more entrusted to GFDRR, it influences at and outcomes that are envisioned to
than ever, World Bank operational teams least 100 dollars in climate resilient bring about the developmental impact
are turning to GFDRR not only for its development impact. GFDRR has outlined in the GFDRR’s Strategy
strategic grant funding, which often helped mobilize approximately 2021–25.
mobilizes greater development financing, $35 billion in financing since 2015
but also for its technical expertise in for disaster and climate resilience The 14 thematic areas often contribute to
7

handling the new normal of multiple and more than one priority and cross-cutting
operations from the World Bank Group, areas, but these have been grouped according
simultaneous risks. national governments, and other to the FY22 Work Plan and the priority the
development partners. thematic area contributes to the most.
 GFDRR Theory of Change
ACTIVITIES OUTPUTS OUTCOMES IMPACTS
Financing Activities OBJECTIVE 1 Evidence and knowledge on effective Governments in developing
GFDRR Inputs disaster and climate resilience approaches are countries have strengthened
Financing
GFDRR provides grant financing (to task teams) Financing Outputs generated and shared for improved policy and practice. physical and institutional
● Task teams carry out advocacy and knowledge sharing. preparedness and response
Donor Task teams and/or clients receive Governments and other stakeholders in developing
● Task teams assist countries and cities to improve capacity for disasters and climate
commitments countries start using risk profiles and hazard maps as
financing or co-financing for risk change.
risk-informed policy, planning, and budgeting. part of planning, factoring in FCV risks as needed.
Staff expertise assessments, resilient recovery planning,
● Task teams prepare, inform, and enable national/
Partner network revising subnational codes, etc. Governments and other stakeholders in developing
subnational DRM investments.
Program countries increase the availability of accesible,
● Task teams design projects with DRM investments and
management understandable, usable, and relevant disaster risk
considerations. information; engage civil society and communities,
Tech/Advisory Outputs Governments in developing
● Task teams perform risk assessments and risk analytics. including vulnerable groups, in policy formulation; and countries achieve mainstreaming
● Task teams perform post-disaster assessments and empower vulnerable groups to manage disaster and
Task teams and/or clients receive of disaster and climate resilience
resilient recovery planning. designs and/or implementation plans for climate change risks. in national planning and budgeting
● Task teams produce knowledge products, including nature-based solutions, early warning at multiple levels, including the
Governments and other stakeholders in developing
several flagship reports. systems, health systems resilience, etc., countries use coalitions and consensus for policy incorporation of inclusive DRM
● Task teams mainstream gender, inclusion, and FCV that consider impact on and inclusion of changes, strategies for DRM priorities, and knowledge and FCV considerations where
considerations across all GFDRR-funded activities. women and other marginalized groups in sharing. applicable.
policy formulation and design and, when
relevant, include specific considerations
TA & CB Activities for FCV environments. OBJECTIVE 2 Risk-informed development is adopted
at national, subnational, and community levels, using Governments in developing
GFDRR provides demand-driven TA services integrated, inclusive, and participatory approaches. countries have DRM as national
and capacity building to task teams to
Governments and other stakeholders in developing priority with a strong institutional
strengthen, improve, or scale up the following: basis for implementation (Bank
countries improve exisiting or put into place new
● Building regulation for resilience. Corporate targets).
Capacity-Building Outputs national DRM strategies, DRM policy, codes, and
● Urban resilience standards such as building codes or land use policies
● Health system resilience Task teams and/or clients demonstrate that are responsive to gender and socially
enhanced knowledge and skills to use differentiated risks.
● Disaster risk finance
●
risk information in development and
Emergency preparedness and response Governments in developing
planning, adopt safer building codes,
● Hydromet services and early warning systems OBJECTIVE 3 Governments in vulnerable countries countries have and enforce safer
design projects with DRM investments,
building codes at multiple levels.
● Nature-based solutions design financial protection have access to additional investments for scaling up
● mechanisms against disasters, factor disaster and climate resilience building.
Resilient housing
●
the needs of women and other Governments and other stakeholders in developing
Resilient infrastructure
marginalized groups into project countries ensure increased government spending on
● Safer schools design, factor specific FCV risks into DRR and climate resilience across sectors and risk
● Inclusive DRM and gender equality project design when needed, etc. financing mechanisms.
● DRM-FCV nexus Task teams and/or clients attain
Governments in developing
● Open data improved consensus on subnational
countries have implemented
● Disaster risk analytics DRR policy standards, finance priorities
OBJECTIVE 4 Disaster preparedness and resilient national DRR strategies (Sendai
for national DRR strategy, etc.
● Digital Earth recovery capacity are increased at national, Framework target).
●
subnational, and community levels.
Resilient recovery
● Resilience to climate change Governments and other stakeholders in developing
●
countries improve existing or put into place new Governments in developing
Citizen engagement
early-warning systems and hydromet services and countries have enhanced financial
● Understanding risk Advocacy and Partnership planning for resilient recovery. preparations for disasters and
Outputs Governments and other stakeholders in developing climate change.
GFDRR creates analytical and countries demonstrate greater capacity to conduct
knowledge products Task teams and/or clients have raised post-disaster assessments; design and implement
● GFDRR staff creates local, regional, national, and global awareness about DRM issues. investments to enhance physical preparedness; and Governments in developing
knowledge products. Task teams and/or clients have design systems and planning processes to be countries have increased disaster
● GFDRR staff conducts knowledge dissemination events enhanced networks that build coalitions accessible and inclusive to women and other and climate resilient infrastructure.
and knowledge-exchange opportunities. and consensus for policy changes. marginalized groups.
● GFDRR staff creates methodologies and tools for better
mainstreaming of DRM.
Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / xiii

Note: CB = capacity building; DRM = disaster risk management; DRR = disaster risk reduction; FCV = fragility, conflict, and violence; TA = technical assistance.
 xiv /

India—Farmer walking on her flooded field. Photo: © pixelfusion3d.

 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / xv

Executive Summary
This Annual Report highlights the progress and results achieved
during FY22.
xvi / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

About the FY22 Annual GFDRR is committed to further after disaster. In over 10 countries,
strengthening its monitoring and the facility has played a key role in the
Report evaluation (M&E) systems, ensuring that development of the World Bank Group’s
evidence and lessons from across the Country Climate and Development
portfolio inform management decisions, Reports (CCDRs), which will help
accountability, and learning. Results of governments integrate climate change
the FY22 program, as measured against and development considerations into
the facility’s results indicators, are their planning and policy making. The
available in the report’s Annex section. analyses underpinning the CCDRs have
relied on a climate and disaster risk
screening tool made possible through
Priorities and Cross- GFDRR analytical work. Moreover,
Cutting Areas the facility also supported a climate
Local woman cleaning church yard, Ofu island,
Tonga. Photo: © Donyanedomam. study in the Marshall Islands that has
GFDRR’s engagements across its
assessed and visualized the risk of
priorities and cross-cutting areas
This Annual Report highlights the projected sea-level rise in the atoll
contribute to the facility’s strategic
progress and results achieved during nation. Presented at the UN Climate
objectives and the Sendai Framework.
fiscal year 2022 (FY22), from July 2021 Change Conference in Glasgow (COP26),
through June 2022. It provides an Under priority 1, risk-informed the study also identified adaptation
overview of grant-making activities in decision-making, GFDRR helps ensure options to protect lives and livelihoods
six regions and across GFDRR’s strategic that countries and communities have from the impacts of climate change.
priorities and cross-cutting priority access to the data and information
GFDRR is also at the forefront of
areas. The report also includes financial they need to make informed decisions global efforts to bolster the resilience
statements for the fiscal year. This about how to respond to and manage of critical infrastructure and systems
was the first year for reporting results the impacts of disasters and climate under priority area 2, reducing risk
measured against the targets set out in change. In FY22 alone, GFDRR and mainstreaming disaster risk
GFDRR’s FY21-25 strategy. supported 10 rapid post-disaster management (DRM). A key focus for
damage assessments using the Global the facility has been its support for
During FY22, the facility committed RApid post-disaster Damage Estimation
$21.1 million for 77 new grants and strengthening resilient infrastructure
(GRADE) methodology, which utilizes in a wide range of sectors such as
$3.3 million in additional funds to scale remote, desk-based risk modeling and
up 13 existing activities. At the end transport, energy, and water and
data analysis to generate estimates of sanitation. For example, in partnership
of the fiscal year, the active portfolio damage within two weeks of a disaster.
included 117 active grants, for a total with the Japan–World Bank Program
Two of those assessments, namely those for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk
commitment amount of $34.2 million.8 in Madagascar and Tonga, informed the
These grants address a full range of Management for Developing Countries,
International Development Association four small island developing states
natural hazards, with urban and river (IDA)’s crisis response window, thus
flooding continuing to receive the (SIDS)—Cabo Verde, St. Vincent and the
enabling the provision of additional Grenadines, the Solomon Islands, and
greatest share of support. All GFDRR and better-targeted resources to help
grants contribute to achieving the goals Vanuatu—have begun to develop tools
these countries get back on their feet that will assess the climate and disaster
of the Sendai Framework, including its
targets and priorities for action. vulnerabilities of their transport assets.
The four SIDS are expected to draw
This number includes new grants approved
8 on these assessments to minimize
in FY22 for GFDRR Umbrella Program only. the risks to these assets while also
Throughout FY22, when accounting for all improving emergency planning and
trust funds except Global Risk Financing
reducing the associated socioeconomic
Facility (GRiF) and Climate Risk and Early
Warning Systems (CREWS), GFDRR committed losses. GFDRR is also stepping up its
a total of $60.9 million to grant activities efforts to scale up the use of nature-
(compared to $49.7 million in FY21). This based solutions (NBS) as an innovative,
included $55 million committed to 147 new cost-effective approach to DRM. In
grants compared to $45.8 million in FY21 and
$5.9 million to additional funds to scale up 21
addition to the facility’s technical
ongoing activities compared to $3.9 million in Madagascar, children on the way to school.
support for World Bank operational
FY21. Photo: © Paop | Dreamstime.com. teams, GFDRR has also played a key role
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / xvii

Hazard Early Warning Advisory System

(SEE-MHEWS-A), which provides a
platform for 18 countries to exchange
data, information, forecasts, and
warnings to improve predictions and
better respond to weather and climate
hazards. The facility also remains on the
forefront of global efforts to strengthen
emergency and disaster preparedness
and response. A key contribution by
GFDRR is the Ready2Respond (R2R)
diagnostic, a detailed assessment
that analyzes existing capacities
of preparedness systems to inform
investment plans and provide clear and
Dunes in Jurerê, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Photo: © Miki Fernández.
actionable recommendations tailored to
the country context. In FY22, the facility
in expanding the NBS knowledge for the World Bank’s approval of a supported several Caribbean countries
base through the development of a second Resilience Development Policy in undertaking the R2R diagnostic.
catalogue of these solutions for urban Operation with a Catastrophe Deferred In addition, GFDRR is mobilizing its
resilience, as well as guidelines for Drawdown Option (Cat DDO) that was longstanding experience and expertise
implementing them in the context of valued at $17.5 million. In addition, in DRM to bolster the resilience of
flood risk management. Moreover, support toward the development of health care systems to shocks. The
GFDRR’s engagement on city resilience tailored financial resilience tools and facility has supported the development
has continued to make headway in solutions as part of countries’ wider of a Frontline Scorecard, which
helping cities realize their full economic DRM frameworks remains a focus facilitates country-specific analysis to
and social potential. For example, in for GFDRR. In the Western Balkans, identify major risks in health systems
Vietnam, the facility’s support for city the facility has initiated support for and areas for action. Building upon
resilience has enabled the municipality technical assistance that will enable GFDRR’s Frontline report, the scorecard
of Thủ Đức to develop authorities in five countries to use is already being piloted in a number of
a risk-informed urban development modeling techniques and analytical countries.
master plan. In addition to resilient tools to estimate the financial and fiscal
infrastructure, NBS, and city resilience, impacts of disaster risk at a macro Under its first cross-cutting area,
GFDRR thematic areas such as building level. In Barbados, support has been inclusive disaster risk management
provided toward the development of and gender equality, GFDRR continues
regulation for resilience, resilient
a disaster risk profile that provides to advance inclusive approaches in
housing, and safer schools also
future probabilistic loss estimates DRM, with a special focus on gender,
continue to support countries and
disability inclusion, citizen engagement,
communities in reducing their risk and for earthquake and tropical cyclone
and community participation. The
mainstreaming DRM. hazards. And in Central Asia, the facility
facility has been building momentum
supported a training for practitioners
Under priority area 3, financial in its efforts to mainstream inclusive
from five countries on how to use
preparedness to manage disaster approaches—not only within its own
various tools and analytics for disaster
and climate shocks, GFDRR is also portfolio, but also more broadly, across
risk finance.
on the frontlines in helping countries World Bank lending operations globally.
manage the fiscal impacts of these GFDRR also remains committed to In Honduras, for example, GFDRR
shocks. The facility continues to be a enabling disaster preparedness and has provided financial and technical
leader in promoting the development resilient recovery under priority assistance that has enabled the World
of prearranged financial instruments area 4. The facility continues to Bank to put inclusion front and center
and in ensuring the availability of funds support countries and communities in in the design and implementation of
and expertise for governments as they strengthening their hydrometeorological its $150 million Honduras Tropical
navigate the global risk financing space. (hydromet) services and early warning Cyclones Eta and Iota Emergency
In Tuvalu, for instance, GFDRR technical systems. For instance, GFDRR has Recovery Project. The project is
assistance proved critical in advancing played a critical role in setting the stage incorporating principles of universal
regulatory reforms that paved the way for the South-East European Multi- design to ensure that persons living
 xviii / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

In-Country Engagements
Core to GFDRR’s vision is helping
countries bring resilience to scale.
Active grants in FY22 covered 47
countries across all six regions.

The Africa region continues to be the

largest in GFDRR’s active portfolio,
representing 32 percent of active
funding in FY22. The active portfolio
as of the end of FY22 totaled 35 grants
worth $10.8 million, of which $6.6
million was for new grants. Aligned
with the World Bank Africa Strategy
for 2019–2023, GFDRR’s portfolio in
Africa straddles all of the facility’s
priorities and cross-cutting priority
areas. For example, in Sierra Leone,
Mother and child in Matupit, Papua New Guinea. Photo: © Rose Makin.
GFDRR has enabled risk-informed
with disabilities are not left behind that the interlinkages between decision-making by supporting a series
as the country charts a path toward disaster, conflict, and climate require of multi-hazard risk assessments that
resilience. Moreover, the project is also an integrated approach to building provide a detailed overview of disaster
incorporating participatory processes resilience. Accordingly, the facility is hazards in the cities of Freetown,
that ensure a voice for women, children, working to enable cross-fertilization Makeni, and Bo. These assessments also
indigenous populations, and Afro- between DRM efforts and conflict consider a range of DRM options that
descendants in setting out investment prevention and peacebuilding initiatives can save lives and reduce economic
priorities. The facility is also advancing in conflict-affected countries; to losses caused by flooding and other
inclusive DRM and gender equality create integrated risk analysis tools hazards. In Mozambique, the facility
by playing a critical role in fostering that can assist World Bank partner has helped address the disaster-conflict
knowledge and learning around this countries in integrating DRM and nexus by facilitating a collaboration
important topic confronting the DRM fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV) with internally displaced persons
community. In FY22 alone, GFDRR rolled risks into their disaster risk reduction (IDPs) on a comprehensive disaster
out a series of knowledge products interventions; and to make the close risk assessment. Among the over 300
covering a range of areas, including connection between disasters and respondents who participated in the
gender inclusion in emergency response conflict a more prominent priority in focus group discussions, 65 percent
projects, gender and social inclusion in recovery and reconstruction responses. were female. Moreover, GFDRR has
policy reform operations, and disability For example, in Gaza City, the facility promoted inclusive DRM and gender
has played a vital role in driving and equality by supporting the development
inclusion in DRM.
informing the municipality’s efforts to of a guidance note that will enable DRM
GFDRR continues efforts under its build resilience at the intersection of practitioners to identify and address
second cross-cutting area, addressing disaster and conflict. GFDRR’s support gender gaps in their projects across
the disaster-conflict nexus. Across the for the municipality has enabled Africa.
globe, there is increasing recognition officials to collect and analyze urban,
spatial, and sectoral data, subsequently At the end of FY22, GFDRR had an active
informing the preparation of Gaza City’s portfolio in the East Asia and Pacific
development plan. In May 2022, GFDRR region of 27 grants, worth a total of
co-hosted the 5th edition of the World $5.6 million. The facility’s portfolio
Photo: © OpenCities Africa.

Reconstruction Conference (WRC5), in the region continues to support a

an event held in the run-up to the 7th wide range of countries, ranging from
Session of the Global Platform Disaster low- and middle-income countries to
Risk Reduction (GPDRR 2022) that had countries affected by FCV. For example,
a particular focus on recovery from in the Philippines, GFDRR has bolstered
interconnected disaster-conflict events. disaster preparedness and resilient
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / xix

Vegetable market in Tanna Island, Vanuatu. Photo: © Gerold Grotelueschen.

recovery through its support for Ready ensuring a broader crisis management facility has supported risk-informed
to Rebuild, a DRM capacity-building perspective that addresses the full range decision-making by providing assistance
program for governors, mayors, disaster of resilience challenges. For example, toward the development of a country-
risk management officers, planners, in Ukraine, GFDRR has enabled disaster level strategic framework for identifying
and budget officers. Nearly 1,000 local preparedness and resilient recovery and prioritizing opportunities to reduce
officials have been trained from all 17 by supporting the government with seismic risk in critical infrastructure
regions of the Philippines. In Tonga, damage and needs analytics and assets across key sectors. And in
the facility has helped reduce risk and recovery and reconstruction planning Albania, GFDRR has enabled risk
mainstream DRM by supporting the related to the ongoing war. Covering reduction and DRM mainstreaming
government’s efforts to integrate disaster 20 sectors, a Rapid Damage and by supporting the design of best
risk information in the development Needs Assessment (RDNA) has laid the practices for municipal DRM, investment
of its tourism industry, which was foundation for coordinated national identification and prioritization,
heavily impacted by the Hunga Tonga- and international recovery efforts that and diagnostics of potential DRM
Hunga Ha’apai volcanic eruption and draw upon the World Bank’s green, investments.
subsequent tsunami in January 2022. resilient, and inclusive development
This support has been aligned with the (GRID) principles. In Armenia, the
facility’s broader engagement with Tonga
in its recovery and reconstruction from
the disaster. And in Timor-Leste, GFDRR
is strengthening financial preparedness
to manage disaster and climate shocks
by supporting disaster risk analysis,
which will optimize the government’s
capacities in disaster and climate risk
financing.

In Europe and Central Asia, GFDRR’s

active portfolio at the end of FY22
totaled 14 grants, worth $3.7 million. In
a region where the level of institutional
commitment varies from country
to country, the facility’s approach
has focused on elevating DRM in
the development agenda while also Search and rescue in Borodyanka, Ukraine. Photo: © DimaSid.
xx / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

the facility’s engagement continued to

build on commitments by governments in
the region to put disaster risk reduction
at the center of their respective
development strategies. With an eye
toward reducing risk and mainstreaming
DRM, in Sri Lanka, for example, the
facility has deepened its longstanding
partnership with the country on nature-
based solutions. GFDRR’s engagement
focused on supporting local authorities
in Central and Uva Provinces in
implementing nature-based solutions to
landslide risk, which will protect lives
and livelihoods in the most vulnerable
communities. In Kerala, India, GFDRR
Students stand in circles during a national earthquake evacuation drill in Lima, Peru. Photo: © REUTERS/
Guadalupe Pardo. has laid the groundwork for risk-
informed decision-making through its
In Latin America and the Caribbean, GFDRR’s active portfolio in the Middle support for strengthening open data
GFDRR’s active portfolio totaled 12 East and North Africa region as of end platforms to promote accessibility
grants worth $1.9 million as of end of FY22 totaled 7 grants, worth $1.6 of risk data in key sectors including
of FY22. The facility’s engagement in million. As countries in the region urban planning and water resources
the region continues to be targeted strive to build resilience in an FCV management. In Nepal’s Arun Valley, the
toward building preparedness, aiding context, addressing the disaster-conflict facility has promoted inclusive DRM and
rapid recovery, and supporting nexus is an especially critical priority gender equality through its engagement
long-term resilience. In Honduras, for GFDRR’s engagement. In Algeria, on landslide hazard mapping and seismic
GFDRR has been enabling risk the facility has set the stage for risk- risk assessment, which will enable the
reduction by assisting the country’s informed decision-making through development of a dam safety framework
national DRM agency, the Permanent its support for a rapid diagnostic that prioritizes the well-being of
Contingency Commission (COPECO), on disaster and climate risks, which communities living downstream.
in mainstreaming DRM in the health, quantifies the macroeconomic impacts
education, water and sanitation, of these risks. GFDRR’s engagement in
transport, and finance sectors. Across Algeria is expected to serve as an entry
the Caribbean, the facility has been point for addressing the disaster-conflict
strengthening financial preparedness nexus. In Morocco, GFDRR has enabled
to manage disaster and climate shocks risk reduction and DRM mainstreaming
through its support for the Caribbean through the development of an urban
Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility resilience handbook, which provides
Segregated Portfolio Company (CCRIF step-by-step guidance for decision-
SPC) under the auspices of the EU- makers and technical staff at the
funded Caribbean Regional Resilience local level on the processes, tools,
Building Facility. GFDRR support and resources needed to develop
enabled CCRIF SPC to provide a 26 robust urban resilience strategies and
percent discount on total gross premium action plans. In Tunisia and Djibouti,
or an increase in policy coverage under the facility is supporting disaster
their CCRIF parametric insurance preparedness and resilient recovery
policies. In nine Caribbean countries, through the development of hydromet
GFDRR has been paving the way toward strengthening roadmaps that will ensure
inclusive DRM through a comprehensive that citizens have improved access to
assessment of the social infrastructure weather and climate information.
gaps and underlying social contexts
that prevent the inclusion of persons At the end of FY22, GFDRR’s active
with disabilities in DRM and climate portfolio in South Asia totaled 4 grants, Suspension bridge in the Arun Valley, Nepal. Photo:
resilience processes. worth $1.6 million. As in previous years, © cascoly / Alamy Stock Photo.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / xxi

Umbrella Program overarching goals agreed upon in the that prevent countries from scaling up
strategy. adaptation efforts. And since resilience
GFDRR is an Umbrella Program that is an ongoing and evolving process
finances its activities from different Another comparative advantage of that benefits greatly from timely access
sources of funds, including the Multi- GFDRR is its ability to influence policy to accurate information and new
Donor Trust Fund, the USAID Single- dialogues. During FY22, GFDRR has methodologies and tools, GFDRR will
Donor Trust Fund (SDTF), and the City provided funding and expertise for continue to strengthen global thematic
Resilience Program (CRP). policy advice on disaster and climate areas that focus on mobilizing greater
risk management and climate change investment lending and create technical
adaptation at national, subnational, understanding, enabling client countries
and local levels related to governance, to improve DRM.
Photo: © Christine Malcolm.

land use, building codes, public health,

education, agriculture, environmental In FY22, 66 GFDRR-funded publications
protection, energy, water resources, were made available on the facility’s
poverty reduction, gender, and social website, and 154 knowledge exchange
protection, among others. In the context activities and events were facilitated.
of the World Bank Group’s lending, this was one of the marquee events of the
advice created the technical capacity year, bringing together over 100 of
and financial incentives to formalize the facility’s members, observers, and
Climate change is a threat multiplier, policy changes for improved DRM. partners, as well as World Bank staff, to
which makes adaptation and resilience Forty-nine percent of GFDRR’s portfolio share ideas and lessons learned for how
all the more important elements of in FY22 contributed to risk-informed to forge effective partnerships on the
climate action. GFDRR is playing its policy formulation or decision-making frontlines of DRM. The event was kicked
part by helping countries maximize the that were aligned with the Sendai off by World Bank Group President
impact of climate finance. Positioned Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction. David Malpass, who emphasized the
within the World Bank Group, GFDRR importance of building resilience in a
funds upstream client engagements One of the lessons learned in FY22 is changing climate. As for publications,
that can mobilize World Bank Group that connecting the right knowledge Disability Inclusion in Disaster Risk
financing and draw in much larger to the problem at hand when the Management: Assessment in the
development investments. This makes opportunity arises somewhere in the Caribbean Region has ignited dialogue
GFDRR one of the largest and most world to address a risk problem is very around how to ensure that people living
influential development actors in DRM. complicated. Organizing knowledge with disabilities are not left behind in
Aligned with the World Bank Group’s partnerships around more specifically resilience-building, while the Ready to
corporate commitments, during FY22, and clearly defined topics (rather than Rebuild: Disaster Rehabilitation and
World Bank–financed operations linked general DRM or climate adaptation) Recovery Planning Guide has provided
to grants under the Umbrella included increases GFDRR’s chances to match practitioners with a practical roadmap
$2.9 billion in climate co-benefits, out global knowledge with local knowledge for how to ensure resilient recovery
of which International Development and needs. Among the various trust based on the experience of one of the
Association (IDA) climate co-benefits funds GFDRR manages, the flexibility of world’s most disaster-prone countries,
accounted for $1.5 million (53 percent the Umbrella Program also made it the the Philippines.
of total) and International Bank for trust fund vehicle that best aligns with
Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) the demand-driven approach anchored Undoubtedly, the intensifying impacts
climate co-benefits accounted for $1.4 in the GFDRR Strategy. It is also the of disaster risk and climate change will
billion (47 percent of the total). most efficient trust fund vehicle to continue to challenge the development
provide support where it can influence prospects of countries and communities
GFDRR has also helped shift the mindset development financing for DRM. everywhere. By mobilizing its cross-
of the World Bank Group to a more sectoral expertise, promoting evidence-
comprehensive integration of disaster Through targeted support and the right based decision-making, and deepening
risk management (DRM) and resilience combination of analytics and research, and expanding its partnerships in FY23
across the development agenda. With GFDRR has the potential to improve and beyond, GFDRR is determined
financing under the Umbrella, GFDRR decision-making processes at various to build on the progress and results
has helped mobilize approximately levels of government. Nonetheless, achieved thus far toward realizing the
$2.3 billion in financing for disaster and behavioral biases, information barriers, global partnership’s vision of a world
climate resilience operations during competing priorities, and distorted that is resilient to natural hazards,
FY22, thus contributing to achieving the incentives continue to be challenges climate risks, and other shocks.
xxii / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

FY22
FY22 inIN NUMBERS: Resilience To Scale
Numbers:Bringing
BRINGING RESILIENCE TO SCALE
GFDRR’s portfolio continued to grow globally during FY22. The analyses of GFDRR’s
Umbrella Program’s portfolio as of June 30, 2022, consisted of 117 active grants with
the total amount of $34.2 million.

Alignment with Sendai Framework 100% Approved grants gender informed 92%

Approved grants supporting 77% Community beneficiaries 44%

resilience to climate change

All grants

New grants

$21.1M

Active grants

$34.2M

Latin America &

the Caribbean
117 active grants, of which 77 are new grants
Active New
grants grants
$1.9M $1.2M

Active grants 12 New

grants
7

Data include active grants as of June 30, 2022, under the GFDRR Umbrella.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / xxiii

Middle East and North Africa Europe and Central Asia

Active grants New grants Active grants New grants
$1.6M $0.8M $3.7M $1.5M
Active
grants 7

New 4

New
Active grants 14 grants
7

East Asia and Pacific

New
grants
Active $4.0M
grants
$5.6M

Active grants 27 New grants

20

Africa New Global New

grants grants
$6.6M $5.7M

Active grants South Asia

Active grants
$10.8M
Active New $9.0M
grants grants
$1.6M $1.4M

Active
grants 4 New
grants 3

Active grants 18 New 13

New
Active grants 35 grants
23
xxiv / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

NATURAL HAZARDS AND PRIORITY AREAS

NATURAL HAZARDS
The portfolio targeted the hazards posing the greatest risk to vulnerable countries. Most of the grants active
during FY22 continued to address more than one natural hazard, such as meteorological, hydrological hazards
and geohazards. Throughout FY22, 134 grants have been implemented in 47 countries for a total amount of
$40.6 million. These include grants that are active as of June 30, 2022, as well as those closed in FY22. By June
30, 2022, out of 134 grants implemented during FY22, 117 grants with a total amount of $34.2 million were still
active and will continue their operations in FY23.
River Urban Coastal
flooding flooding flooding Earthquake Landslide Cyclone

GRANT CONTRIBUTION
81 of 134 60% 92 69% 68 43% 52 39% 58 43% 48 36%

FUNDING CONTRIBUTION
$25.2 Million $31.4M $18.83M $17.84M $20.6M $16.60M

62% 78% 46% 44% 51% 41%

of funding
contribution

PRIORITY 3
PRIORITY PRIORITY 1 PRIORITY 2 Financial Preparedness
Risk-Informed Reducing Risk and to Manage Disaster
AREAS Decision-Making Mainstreaming DRM and Climate Shocks
The portfolio in FY 22
also addressed four
priority areas and two
cross-cutting priority
areas. Most grants also
GRANT 38 of 134 28% 74 55% 24 18%
CONTRIBUTION
contributed to one or
more priority and
cross-cutting areas.
As most grants cover
more than one natural
hazard, priority and
cross-cutting areas, the FUNDING $11.34 Million $25.48M $9.4M
classification total CONTRIBUTION
exceeds 100% of the
grant amount.
28% 63% 23%
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / xxv

Total number of grants 134 Total amount $40,582,169

Water Extreme Other

scarcity heat Tsunami Volcano Wildfire hazards*

38 28% 40 30% 26 19% 20 15% 18 13% 22 16%

$13.8M $15.35M $9.46M $6.51M $5.14M $6.44M

34% 38% 23% 16% 13% 16%

* Other hazards addressed by the portfolio include extreme wind, sea-level rise, drought, poor air quality, and sand storms.

PRIORITY 4 CROSS-CUTTING
Disaster Preparedness Inclusive DRM-FCV
and Resilient Recovery PRIORITY AREAS DRM Nexus

62 46% GRANT 98 73% 36 27%

CONTRIBUTION

$18.7M FUNDING $31.81M $15.07M

CONTRIBUTION

46% 78% 37%

xxvi / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

FY22 PORTFOLIO
FY22 Portfolio AND MOBILIZED
and Mobilized Finance FINANCE
In FY22, the GFDRR Umbrella portfolio covered 47 countries. Several of these grants mobilized additional finance,
helping to bring resilience to scale. This graphic shows GFDRR’s FY22 grant activities, which helped mobilize
$2.3 billion they have helped inform or co-finance. For more information on mobilizing finance through the FY22
portfolio, see page 103.

Total
Total leveraged amount

$2.34 billion

Grant amount
$6.77 million
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / xxvii

Country grant Regional grant Global grant City Resilience Program (CRP) grant Leveraged amount

$500 million $449 million

Leveraged amount

Grant amount $700,000

$600,000

Philippines Türkiye

$278 million
$250 million
$178 million
$125 million
$750,000 $1.4 million
$400,000
$300,000

Tanzania Niger Rwanda Tunisia

$120 million $110 million $100 million $100 million $50 m $45 m
$35 m

$94,922 $175,000 $250,000 $150,000

$700,000 $750,000 $500,000

South Sudan Honduras Mozambique Panama Tajikistan Tonga Albania

Photo: © JARAMA.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 1

FY22 Highlight
Take a look at how GFDRR is using data and innovative tools to
support decisions based on evidence for managing disaster and
climate risks.
2 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

GRADE: A Rapid and Reliable Method of Measuring

Disaster Impacts

The Philippines—Typhoon Haiyan aftermath. © Dan Kitwood/Getty Images.

Earthquakes, cyclones, droughts, Traditionally, however, such evaluations assets exposure models, social media,
floods, and volcanic eruptions have have been ad hoc, costly, and time- and online video and image sharing,
continued to batter some of the world’s intensive, taking months to complete as well as optical space- and air-borne
most vulnerable populations in recent and requiring heavy coordination data such as drone footage, satellite
years—as seen in Haiti, Indonesia, among multiple teams with different imagery, and other remote sensing data,
Mozambique, Pakistan, and Tonga, to sets of expertise to evaluate the impact this method developed and used by
name some examples. on the ground. Similar evaluations experienced risk modeling experts can
conducted by the private sector are gauge the extent of economic damage
In the aftermath of a disaster, it is expensive and based on proprietary within two weeks—and at a mere
imperative to act quickly. Governments data and models. In lower-income fraction of the cost and time required
and other stakeholders urgently need economies, private sector assessments by more traditional comparable
reliable and accurate estimates of the are scarce as well as limited in detail assessments. Such a swift turnaround
costs of physical damage as well as and geographic coverage. enables efficient mobilization of
information on their spatial distribution resources to where they are most
The Global RApid post-disaster Damage
to guide initial financial response and urgently needed, making the response
Estimation (GRADE) methodology,
recovery activities. Prompt and accurate flexible enough to address stakeholders’
developed by the World Bank and
disaster impact assessments enable fast needs.
supported by GFDRR, is a remote,
mobilization and first order allocation desk-based, and lower-cost way of
of relief funds and thus are crucial in quickly assessing the economic damage An innovative approach to
directing recovery and reconstruction wrought by disasters. Using historical disaster risk analytics
efforts and informing build-back- and contemporaneous physical and
better projects and climate adaptation economic damage data, scientific and GRADE’s use of a multitude of sources to
investments. socioeconomic data, up-to-date baseline generate estimates in a relatively short
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 3

period makes it an indispensable tool period required for its completion 40 countries. Due to the COVID-19
for capturing disasters’ economic costs. does not compromise the assessment’s pandemic, the demand for remote
The GRADE method uses state-of-the- independence or objectivity. and rapid damage assessments has
art, multi-language disaster information, increased, and as a result, 29 of these
such as the data archives of over 1,000 GRADE in action 47 GRADEs were conducted since FY20.
globally linked disaster impact sources For two weeks after the 7.2 magnitude
on the websites of governments, Although designed to be an initial earthquake in Haiti in August 2021,
provinces, and other administrative evaluation of the direct physical GFDRR used GRADE to estimate the cost
entities. damage caused by a disaster, GRADE of the physical damage: $1.1 billion.
can indirectly inform other important This estimate is accurate for up to 90
First, key hazard parameter
variables—such as the death toll. percent of the field-based estimate,
information, based on assessments by
which took more than three months to
experts in fields such as seismology, An early version of the GRADE
hydrometeorology, and volcanology, be published.
methodology was tested shortly after
is used to create a scientifically sound the April 2015 earthquake that killed In FY22 alone, GFDRR conducted 14
event-intensity footprint map—that is, a thousands in Nepal, where it was used to GRADE assessments. Two of these
spatial representation of the degree of estimate the number of human casualties informed disaster response–related
hazard intensity in an affected area. due to building collapse and landslides. financing from the International
Second, data sets that include the On the fifth day of assessing the damage, Development Association (IDA) Crisis
latest demographic, socioeconomic, the evaluation put the death toll between Response Window (CRW), which is a
and geospatial data are examined to 7,000 and 10,000. The official death toll, mechanism used by the IDA—the part of
assess baseline exposure in the relevant which was reported by Nepal’s National the World Bank that helps the world’s
region. Other global data sets, such Emergency Operations Center months poorest countries with knowledge and
as night light intensity, as well as any later, fell within this range at nearly financing to address their development
pre-existing building footprint and other 9,000 people. challenges—to support countries
data sets, are also used to measure the through crises, including natural
Between 2015 and 2022, the GRADE
spatial distribution of the residential catastrophes.
methodology has been successfully
and non-residential buildings,
deployed on 47 occasions, in response In Tonga, the Hunga Tonga–Hunga
infrastructure, and agricultural assets.
to 45 disaster/conflict events in Haʻapai volcanic eruption in January
Third, estimates are adjusted to match
the best appraisal of the gross capital
stock—or the value of all fixed assets
still in use—in the area. Exposure data
sets are valuable not only for the GRADE
methodology, but also for studies on
country- or region-level risk assessment
and financing.

Finally, the assembled hazard and

exposure data sets are combined for
validation and analyzed for conclusions
about the severity of the damage and
the vulnerability of the exposed assets.
GRADE researchers also interpret and
evaluate any rapid disaster damage
estimates published by other global,
regional, and local agencies.

Since GRADE is grounded in open-

source data for hazard, exposure,
and vulnerability, conducted by
experienced risk modeling experts and
researchers, and accompanied by a
transparent summary report, the short
Madagascar—Batsirai, the strongest cyclone to strike Madagascar since Cyclone Enawo in 2017. Photo: © NASA.
4 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

to respond to demand from its partners

in a more streamlined manner while
providing independent, science- and
engineering-based evidence for well-
informed early response, recovery, and
reconstruction.

While the agile nature of GRADE

can be invaluable for governments
in the immediate aftermath of a
disaster, it is not meant to replace a
more comprehensive post-disaster
assessment, which involves using field-
collected damage-and-loss data and
working across government ministries
to develop detailed sector-wide
assessments of damages, losses, and
needs. GRADE, which can contribute
to the design and complement this
type of assessment, can also be used
as reference data during a field-based
Ukraine—Broken bridge over the Trubizh River near the village of Rusaniv, Kyiv. Photo: © Kate_Koreneva.
post-disaster assessment process
2022 prompted a request from the In another example, the GRADE by furnishing solid quantitative
government for the World Bank and assessment in response to the information to build a stronger baseline.
GFDRR to undertake an accelerated consecutive cyclones that devastated Aside from facilitating the early
post-disaster damage assessment Madagascar in January and February 2022 dissemination of damage estimates and
deploying the GRADE methodology. resulted in $250 million mobilized from human casualty assessments, GRADE
COVID-19 restrictions hampered efforts the CRW within two months of the events. presents key baseline data to national
to carry out on-the-ground assessments and subnational authorities, assists in
Beyond disasters, GRADE can also be
and made a remote approach more deployed in an ongoing conflict. GFDRR the preparation and implementation of
appropriate. In response to the Tongan contributed to the World Bank’s Rapid disaster relief and response strategies,
government’s request, GFDRR adopted Damage and Needs Assessment report and integrates long-term disaster risk
a contactless approach to estimate the on Ukraine—the first rigorous overview reduction practices into national and
potential direct damage caused by the of the various damages that the country local government plans and programs.
ashfall and tsunami resulting from the had incurred following the February Ultimately, GRADE contributes to assist
volcanic eruption and to inform the 2022 Russian invasion. Based on data governments to build their capacity to
government’s decision-making about available as of the end of March 2022, respond more quickly to disasters.
financing needs as well as a roadmap the report used the GRADE method to Through this openness to adopting
for recovery and reconstruction. give a high-level approximation of the an approach to measuring the impact
The assessment estimated the physical damage in the country. These of disasters in a significantly shorter
economic damages to buildings, findings were highlighted by World Bank period without sacrificing data integrity,
infrastructure—including damaged Group President David Malpass at the the World Bank and GFDRR continue
undersea telecommunication cable and 2022 IMF–World Bank Group Spring to demonstrate their commitment to
agriculture—as well as costs associated Meetings to affirm its ongoing support helping countries and communities
with volcanic ash clean-up operations, for Ukraine. prevent and recover from disasters.
totaling $90 million but excluding the Such agility is urgently needed in the
losses resulting from the disruptions Beyond GRADE field of disaster risk management—
in tourism as well as agriculture, where time can mark the difference
commercial, and infrastructure Targeted disaster risk analytics is between life and death—especially in
activities. The assessment also had a key to measuring and mitigating the a world where disasters are becoming
multiplier effect: it directly informed devastating impact of disasters. GRADE more frequent and more intense
Tonga’s eligibility for CRW financing. has allowed the World Bank and GFDRR because of the climate change crisis.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 5

Digital Typhoon 2022-01-15 04:50:00 UTC

Himawari-8 {RGB} NII/NICT

Ventanilla, Peru—A worker walks following an oil spill caused by abnormal waves, triggered by a massive underwater eruption half a world away in Tonga (inset). Photo: © REUTERS/Pilar Olivares.
6 /

GRADE: A Rapid and Reliable

Method of Measuring Disaster Impacts
The Global RApid post-disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) approach, developed by the World Bank and
supported by GFDRR, is a remote, rapid way of assessing the economic damage wrought by disasters. Using
historical damage data, drone footage, satellite and remote sensing data, social media, and risk modeling expert
knowledge, this method can gauge the extent of economic damage in under two weeks, at a fraction of the
cost and time required by more traditional assessments. As of FY22, a total of 47 full and abbreviated GRADE
assessments have been conducted across a variety of hazards.

2015 2016 2017 2018

Guatemala

Volcanoes

Nepal Ecuador Indonesia

Earthquakes

Dominica (Maria)

Haiti (Matthew) Caribbean (Irma) Madagascar (Ava)

Madagascar (Enawo)
Cyclones

2022
 / 7

GRADE Reports GRADE Notes

Volcanoes
Earthquakes
Cyclones
Floods
Conflict

2019 2020 2021 2022

St. Vincent and

the Grenadines Tonga

Greece

Albania Türkiye Haiti Afghanistan

Croatia

Mozambique
The Bahamas (TC Gombe)
(Dorian) Comoros (Kenneth) Madagascar
(TS Ana, TS Batsirai, Mozambique
Mozambique (Idai) Mozambique Fiji (Yasa) Mozambique (TS Ana)
TS Dumako,
(Kenneth) (TC Eloise) TC Emnati)
Vanuatu (Harold) Zimbabwe (TS Ana)
Malawi (Idai)
India (Fani) Malawi (TS Ana)
Dominican
Zimbabwe (Idai)
Republic (Fiona)

Sudan (FF/RF)

Ethiopia (FF/RF) Pakistan

Niger (FF/RF) Nigeria

Myanmar (RF) South Sudan (FF/RF)
Pakistan (FF/RF) South Sudan (FF/RF)
Floods Afghanistan (FF/RF) Yemen (FF/RF)
Cambodia (FF/RF)

Ethiopia
Conflict

Ukraine Conflict
Conflict

Abbreviations TS: Tropical Storm; TC: Tropical Cyclone; FF/RF: Flash Floods/Riverine Floods.
Sierra Leone. Photo: © Muhammad Shah Jaman.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 9

Priorities and Cross-

Cutting Areas
GFDRR’s engagements across its priorities and cross-cutting areas
contribute to the facility’s strategic objectives and the Sendai
Framework.
 PRIORITY 1
10 / Risk-Informed
Decision-Making

PRIORITY 1
GRANT CONTRIBUTION

Risk-Informed
38 of 134 28%

Decision-Making
FUNDING CONTRIBUTION
$11.34 Million

28%

Earth data bloom. Photo: © NASA.

Objective modeling, and digital innovations as well produces accurate damage estimates
as its strong commitment to open access in a couple of weeks. Two of those
In the past few decades, tremendous to risk information and digital public assessments informed Crisis Response
amounts of data have become available goods. In addition, the workstreams aim Window financing, a mechanism that
to development practitioners. This is to mobilize a broader network of local provides International Development
especially the case regarding natural and technical partners, starting with the Association (IDA) countries with
hazards, exposure, and vulnerability. European Space Agency (ESA). Besides a dedicated source of additional
Making better use of such data is key to the integration of new technologies resources to respond, as a last resort,
producing tractable risk quantification such as drones and machine learning, as to the impact of severe natural
grounded in reality. GFDRR, through well as approaches that enable proper hazards, public health emergencies,
its focus on disaster risk analytics, consideration of uncertainties, GFDRR and economic crises. This financing
develops and enables the use of data and teams working in the areas of digital risk mechanism led to providing additional
innovative tools and models—including analytics and digital Earth should ensure and better–targeted resources for the
those from the field of the economics of a strong local ownership of the resulting Madagascar and Tonga post-disaster
resilience—by task teams and clients to information and methodologies. responses and recovery. This was the
facilitate evidence-based decisions for second year of the Disaster Mobility
disaster (in particular, climate-related) Key Outputs, Activities, Data Network (DMDN), a global
risk management. In this way, GFDRR is
adding value by creating global public
and Outcomes community of practice convened
as a partnership between GFDRR
goods, influencing better investments Key Outputs and Outcomes and CrisisReady, to explore the use of
in risk management, and promoting Through this priority, GFDRR supported aggregated location metadata obtained
further integration of risk information World Bank task teams on the ground from digital platforms for disaster risk
in development financing. In addition, with the use of specific risk-related reduction interventions.9
GFDRR has created a dedicated line of analytical products.
work to facilitate the use of digital tools Furthermore, both the GRADE
and information to support countries’ At the forefront of post-disaster support, methodology and the DMDN have been
efforts to enhance the outcomes of GFDRR supported 10 rapid post-disaster mobilized to provide data about the
disaster risk reduction activities, for damage assessments using its own
instance, through the use of Earth Global RApid post-disaster Damage CrisisReady (https://www.crisisready.io/)
9

observation data and services. Both Estimation (GRADE) methodology—a is based at Harvard University and Direct
Relief. It collaborates with academic partners,
workstreams are benefiting from more remote, desk-based rapid damage technology companies, and response agencies
than a decade of GFDRR’s experience in assessment method deployed on around the world to embed data-driven
disaster risk assessments, economics request soon after a disaster, which decision-making into local disaster planning.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 11

conflict situation in Ukraine, providing been released publicly for everyone to Risk Reduction (UNDRR), the global
critical decision-making evidence on use and share. facility has produced a new report on
displaced populations and damage digital public goods for disaster risk
In addition, efforts from the digital tools
estimates. reduction, to be published in FY23.
and analytics thematic areas helped
Based on feedback from the disaster
GFDRR supported the production of further the use of Earth observation data
risk community, the report identified a
the Adapting to Rising Sea Levels in and services within the World Bank.
list of high-value digital public goods
Marshall Islands report, which provides that should be considered priorities in
GFDRR provided support for the
visual projections, together with the context of disaster risk reduction for
development and validation of the
adaptation options, to assist the atoll World Settlement Footprint (WSF) developing countries.
nation in tackling rising sea levels and suite, a state-of-the-art collection of
inundation over the next 100 years. The digital Earth thematic area
global settlement data sets created by
This report, and the related Legal facilitated the identification of high-
the German Aerospace Center (DLR),
Dimensions of Sea Level Rise: Pacific potential opportunities for support
based on open satellite imagery that
Perspectives report, are parts of a through the ESA’s Global Development
provides unprecedented accuracy and
wider body of work, funded by GFDRR, Assistance (GDA) program. Through the
detail. Since their publication, WSF
to provide at-risk atoll island nations disaster resilience activity of the GDA
data sets are known to have supported
with evidence of the scale of the threat program, eight World Bank teams are
projects in over 35 countries as well as
posed by climate change, together with receiving support in the development
eight global studies. Insights from WSF
and integration of Earth observation
clear indications of what decisions and have supported at least six World Bank
technologies on topics such as flood
investments could be made to protect reports. The data sets are also utilized to
hazard mapping and coastal erosion.
their homes, livelihoods, and way of life. support recurring country- and city-level
Those teams include World Bank staff
The reports were presented at COP26. analyses to plan and support World Bank
working on nature-based solutions,
operations—including the City Resilience
The digital risk analytics thematic area disaster risk analytics, disaster risk
Program’s product The City Scan, Country
produced a data set documenting the financing and insurance, West Africa
Climate and Development Reports
dynamics and trends of the extent of coastal areas management, and
(CCDRs), and Urbanization Reviews.
settlement exposure to the 100-year Tanzania’s Resilience Academy.
return period pluvial, fluvial, and GFDRR’s notable contribution to key
Key Activities
coastal flooding. The findings were corporate documents was the CCDRs, a
The application of the GRADE
documented in a publication, Rapid series of new core diagnostic reports that
methodology to the conflict in Ukraine
Urban Growth in Flood Zones: Global integrate climate change and development.
was innovative and contributed directly
Evidence since 1985, and in a blog GFDRR provided advice and analysis on
to the World Bank’s Approach Paper for
post furthering our knowledge about global hazards, data sets, and analytical
the Ministerial Roundtable for Support
the exposure of the built environment methods for more than 10 countries across
to Ukraine at the World Bank Group/
and providing operationally relevant different regions in FY22.
IMF Spring Meetings 2022, where World
analytics. The digital risk analytics area Support for CCDR analyses included Bank Group President David Malpass
also developed an algorithm to predict developing an open climate and disaster highlighted the GRADE findings.
the spatial distribution of jobs in urban risk screening tool based on global
areas, which is an important toolkit for Other highlights include:
models, which focused on climate-
better land use and transport operations related hazards (floods, landslides, Support for digital work. Continuous
planning in the context of disasters. The drought, heat stress, and tropical support for urban resilience activities
results are documented in a publication, cyclones). GFDRR also contributed data in Africa as well as to explore the
Where Are All the Jobs?: A Machine on expected annual exposure at risk and opportunities that Tanzania’s Resilience
Learning Approach for High Resolution expected annual impact from disasters Academy opened up in other countries
Urban Employment Prediction in for the historical baseline and offered (Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic
Developing Countries, and a blog post. an overview of extreme climate indexes. of Congo, Mali) through a dedicated
GFDRR grant.
GFDRR also launched the Unbreakable Advocating and guiding for the right
online tool to provide analysis data tools, information, and methodologies Completion of the work in Tanzania
to help policy makers make better for risk-informed decision-making have on urban tree mapping. Using the
decisions in protecting the most remained key areas of engagement latest machine learning technology,
vulnerable. In accordance with GFDRR of GFDRR. Through a collaboration participants in Tanzania’s Resilience
mandates, all those data and tools have with United Nations Office for Disaster Academy (as part of a pilot program
12 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

funded by GFDRR) helped build a models, and expertise developed over Risks and Challenges
comprehensive map of the city’s the course of those projects.
trees. Students worked to develop a There are two key questions that
Continued support for the adoption
comprehensive data set of training GFDRR is grappling with in the area
of the Risk Data Library Standard, an
labels from high-resolution satellite of risk-informed decision-making: one
imagery, which was then used to open data standard, to make it easier
to work with disaster risk information operational and the other strategic.
develop and train a machine learning On the operational side, GFDRR is
model that could be used to identify from different sources. Support focused
this year on the creation of a specific striving to balance meeting the present
baseline canopy cover across the city. sustained operational demand for
This approach—building a model to data catalog hosted by the World Bank
analytics, which requires investing to
recognize features based on a good data hub and the launch of a dedicated
some extent in product standardization;
representative sample of labels from fellowship program.
on the other hand, it is also pushing
less than 1 percent of the city—both Effective use of public domain the innovation boundary of analytics
reduces the time involved to create geospatial data. In the Nile Basin to prepare for the operational demands
the overall canopy layer and lays the (Burundi, the Democratic Republic of of tomorrow. On the strategic side,
groundwork for producing similar layers Congo, Egypt, Kenya, Rwanda, South although considerable analytical
for other cities in the region. The project Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda), progress has been made in big data
helped students learn about greening grant activities contributed to deepened and Earth observation, disaster risk
issues, while the experience of working knowledge, facilitated the exchange quantification, and the economics of
with machine learning opens the doors of best practices, and increased client resilience, there is an opportunity to
to jobs and earning opportunities going capacity in monitoring and evaluation. better integrate these components to
forward.  Through flood inundation mapping improve the targeting of vulnerable
Support to the Kinshasa Multisector and capacity development in data populations and locations and to better
Development and Urban Resilience and analytics services, the countries inform DRM decision-making.
Project. Through a dedicated GFDRR learned the effective use of public
The objective of the risk-informed
grant, the objective of the project is domain geospatial data that are used
decision-making priority area is to
to build the capacity of the city of in the Netherlands, the United States,
build global public goods, knowledge,
Kinshasa in using Earth observation and other transboundary basins such
and communities that will help to
data and services for enhanced as the Mekong River Delta. This activity
scale up and streamline those data-
disaster risk management and urban also supported the client countries
driven approaches through World Bank
resilience outcomes. The grant activity to develop capacity to monitor the
operations. Lessons learned center on
will achieve this objective by directly flood-affected areas and the damages
prioritizing and building the capacity of
supporting the implementation of incurred by using the satellite imagery
collaborating partners. By strengthening
the Kin Elenda Project and building and socioeconomic data sets.
the operational structure and financing
capacities of local institutions and the
Use of human mobility data. The of GFDRR’s thematic areas, GFDRR
young population in working with Earth
grant Informing Disaster Preparedness staff and consultants working on these
observation data and services.
and Response through Mobility Data topics were able to adapt, prioritize, and
Launch of the digital Earth for supported the use of human mobility manage demand from task teams. GFDRR
resilient Caribbean project. The data to inform disaster preparedness, also outsourced some of their work by
objective of this activity is to raise response, and urban resilience through identifying key partners and building the
awareness and enhance local capacity the development of the MobilKit toolkit. capacity of regional agencies, such as
in the Caribbean to make use of Earth This is a code toolkit for data scientists the Secretariat of the Pacific Community
observation data and services in to monitor post-disaster population (SPC) and Caribbean Disaster Emergency
support of resilient infrastructure and displacement and inform resilient urban Management Agency (CDEMA). Increasing
housing operations. Grant activities planning using human mobility data collaboration with other thematic areas
would leverage previous resilience sets. It is accessible on GFDRR’s GitHub within GFDRR and achieving better
projects in the region, building on code sharing website (http://www. balance between advisory and analytics
the methodological approaches, data github.com/gfdrr). services also were factors for success.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 13

PRIORITY 1

In Focus Kenya Digital Public Works for Urban Resilience

Workers with Spatial Collective validate and ensure quality of street-level images. Photo: © World Bank.

N
airobi, Kenya, is one of the fastest growing urban capabilities. The COVID-19 emergency has also highlighted
centers in Africa, with a population increasing more the need for low-cost disruptive technology to generate the
than tenfold in the last 50 years. It is projected that, by data required to manage and recover from crises such as the
2050, half of Kenya’s population will be living in cities. The pandemic, while also providing skills development and earning
provision of adequate urban services has not been able to keep opportunities for the most impacted communities.
pace with this demand, leading to the expansion of informal
settlements and those in poorer communities being forced to GFDRR’s Digital Public Works Model provides an innovative
live in neighborhoods without access to basic services and approach to urban data collection, generation, and validation
infrastructure. These informal settlements are also significantly that is especially well adapted to this kind of situation as it
exposed to natural hazards; urban planners often lack accurate, also provides youth with opportunities to generate income and
learn new digital skills. Similar pilot activities have also been
up-to-date data on these settlements, which would allow
implemented in Mali, Sierra Leone, and Tanzania. As a result,
them to identify high-risk communities and infrastructure and
a pilot initiative was developed as part of the new Second
plan out appropriate measures to increase resilience. In this
Kenya Informal Settlement Improvement Project (KISIP II) and
context, geographic information services are especially valued
launched in early 2022.
and critical, as are people skilled in collecting and analyzing
the kind of data those services can provide.
Highlights of the Support
The government of Kenya has already been working on The high levels of interest in this activity from communities
upgrading living conditions and providing basic public services living in informal settlements in Nairobi were evident:
to slums through the original Kenya Informal Settlement the Kenya Digital Public Works pilot received over 1,000
Improvement Project (KISIP), but it has been hampered by applications, for about 300 available positions, from youth
the lack of reliable geographic information data and collection aged between 18 and 25 to participate in the pilot’s activities.
 14 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

In Focus Kenya Digital Public Works for Urban Resilience (cont.)

GFDRR then began funding trainings for these new recruits works approach over traditional urban data collection and/
to carry out a variety of tasks with the aim of creating urban or traditional public works methods and programs. Results
data sets. These tasks included building digitization, capturing and lessons learned were shared with the broader disaster
imagery through the use of a terrestrial camera, mapping risk management (DRM) community in Kenya through a
points of interest, collecting field data on points of interest, and communications and awareness-raising campaign that
conducting socioeconomic surveys. Data collected by the youth comprised blog publications, for instance. The World Bank
will be used to inform community development plans for pre- team’s proposal to the Korea–World Bank Partnership Facility,
selected settlements in Nairobi and to inform neighborhood (or KWPF—an initiative to assist developing member countries
infrastructure investments financed by the KISIP II. of the World Bank in achieving inclusive and sustainable
economic growth and to foster broader dialogue on economic
Next Steps development issues) to scale up this approach to 15 additional
The Digital Public Works for Urban Resilience pilot project is settlements in Kenya was selected for funding and will likely
evaluating the comparative advantages of the digital public begin activities in FY23.

Lessons When the Digital Public Works for Urban

Resilience model was initially developed, the
Learned focus was on the development of digital skills of
local youths. While this remains a high priority,
the team gained a greater appreciation of the
other socioeconomic and/or professional skills
that youth can build through this approach—
including communication skills, teamwork
capabilities, critical thinking and problem solving,
and ethics.
Coordination with local community leadership
such as the Settlement Executive Committees
(SECs) has been critical to the success of the
pilot activities. Guidance and buy-in from the
SECs have supported recruitment efforts, helped
community members to feel more comfortable
with the presence of youth collecting data in their
settlements, and provided a level of legitimacy
and security that has helped the project to
succeed.
The activity also identified many opportunities
to further support workers beyond the Digital
Public Works for Urban Resilience activity, so
that any digital and socioeconomic skills gained
can be further developed and grown through
professional opportunities. The World Bank team
submitted a proposal to the KWPF to further scale
up the approach in Kenya and add a component to
emphasize opportunity matching.
Digital Public Works new recruits. Photo: © World Bank.
 PRIORITY 2
Reducing Risk and / 15
Mainstreaming DRM

PRIORITY 2
GRANT CONTRIBUTION
74 of 134
Reducing Risk and
55%

Mainstreaming Disaster
Risk Management FUNDING CONTRIBUTION

$25.48M

63%

Kigali, Rwanda—A view looking down on the city center. Photo: © Jennifer Pillinger | Dreamstime.com.

Objective assess and measure the impact of policy about the benefits of enhancing
and investment decisions. infrastructure resilience and to help
Climate change is increasing the bridge the gap between the design
While approaches to reduce disaster
intensity of extreme weather events, and the implementation of investment
risk can vary, GFDRR has been working
leading to more disasters globally and projects.
on strengthening the resilience of
consequently to greater economic losses, infrastructure sectors such as transport, Reflecting the growing demand and
according to the Global Assessment energy, water and sanitation, as well as the need for GFDRR to improve its
Report on Disaster Risk Reduction.10 buildings such as schools and housing. support to task teams and client
While progress toward better addressing Mainstreaming disaster risk management countries, a World Bank portfolio
disaster risks has been made over (DRM) practices into the maintenance review for FY17–FY21 has identified
recent decades, much remains to be and operation of existing infrastructure, 109 investment projects that included
done to mitigate human, economic, and along with developing capacity for resilient infrastructure components in
ecosystem impacts. This is of special improved engineering designs for future their operations. For GFDRR’s resilient
concern to low- and middle-income assets, can help limit the vulnerability to infrastructure thematic area, a majority
countries, where the most vulnerable natural hazards and climate change. of the grants are financed by Japan–
communities are at a greater risk of World Bank Program for Mainstreaming
exposure to extreme weather events and, Disaster Risk Management (DRM)
consequently, struggle with even fewer
Key Outputs, Activities, in Developing Countries (the Japan
resources than other communities. and Outcomes Program), and in FY22 alone, the
program funded 14 grants (each ranging
GFDRR supports countries as they Resilient infrastructure (key outputs
from $400,000 to $600,000) and 7
prepare for and adapt to climate change and outcomes). The increase in extreme
Just-in-Time grants (total $70,000).
by, for example, facilitating a better weather events has demonstrated the
identification and understanding of urgent need to address infrastructure One of the grants distributed during
current and future risks, promoting asset vulnerability to climate change this FY17–FY21 review period was, for
innovative risk reduction options, and and natural hazards. GFDRR’s example, used to take stock of good
developing resilient metrics that help resilient infrastructure thematic area practice in considering resilience in
supports World Bank operational all phases of rail project development.
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk
10
teams and clients in improving These lessons learned were summarized
Reduction. 2022. Global Assessment Report climate risk management in their in the “Climate and Natural Hazard
on Disaster Risk Reduction: Our World at Risk:
Transforming Governance for a Resilient Future.
infrastructure investment planning and Resilience in Urban Rail Projects”
UNDRR: Geneva. https://www.undrr.org/ implementation. It provides technical chapter of the World Bank’s Urban
GAR2022 assistance to inform client countries Rail Project Development Handbook,
16 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

a flagship report informing the a task team in Morocco to inform high- solutions, and they bring environmental
preparation of all World Bank urban level discussions around the definition and biodiversity benefits.
rail operations. And this knowledge of policies and regulatory frameworks
In terms of operational support,
product, in turn, has led to operational for the promotion of legal critical
GFDRR worked with country teams
impacts, as in India, where findings systems and infrastructure investments on NBS for climate resilience in over
from this report have been incorporated in the country. GFDRR’s resilient 30 in-country engagements in FY22,
into the analysis, discussion, and infrastructure thematic area was also informing 25 lending operations. These
recommendations for the resilient rails directly involved in promoting resilient lending operations, which consist of
investments for the Eastern Dedicated infrastructure operational designs, both active and pipeline projects, have
Freight Corridor, specifically addressing
such as drainage system improvements, a combined financial commitment for
resilience enhancing measures in
under the Greater Accra Resilient NBS components worth approximately
design, planning, and operations and
Integrated Development Project in $1 billion. These projects, which include
maintenance, as well as early warning
Ghana. strengthening urban resilience in Sierra
systems for earthquakes.
Leone and reducing flood risks in Brazil,
Resilient infrastructure (key activities). GFDRR’s City Resilience Program committed to reaching nearly 10 million
Building on the success of the (CRP) has also been helping the city beneficiaries and restoring 351,000
Lifelines report, GFDRR strengthened of Gjirokastër, Albania, to plan for the hectares of degraded land.
and tailored its analytical toolbox transformation of its underutilized
sports stadium into a public park. In Alongside the operational support,
on the thematic area of resilient
Tirana, Albania, CRP has been providing GFDRR launched two critical knowledge
infrastructure. For example, GFDRR
detailed support for the preparation of products in FY22: the Catalogue of
investigated the impacts of public
a potential urban regeneration project Nature-Based Solutions for Urban
transport disruptions from floods in
Resilience, which provides an overview
Kigali, Rwanda, quantifying the way for upgrading disadvantaged residential
of interventions, and the International
transit system operations differ during neighborhoods around the city and
Technical Guidelines for Nature and
heavy rains and focusing on the travel rehabilitating a former industrial site.
Nature-Based Features (NNBF) for
delays and associated costs, as well
Nature-based solutions (key outputs Flood Risk Management, which were
as identifying the most critical links in
and outcomes). In FY22, GFDRR scaled developed with 30 partners led by
the network that should be prioritized
up efforts to promote the greater the US Army Corps of Engineers.
for climate-proofing investments. This
integration of nature-based solutions GFDRR also created and piloted the
analysis, is informing the Rwanda Urban
(NBS) as a tool to reduce disaster risk NBS Opportunity Scan, a geospatial
Mobility Project in preparation, thereby
and contribute to climate resilience engagement methodology that was
mainstreaming system-level resilient
applied in five countries to identify
infrastructure planning considerations by providing operational support,
potential NBS investments. 
in an operational context, and with the developing knowledge and tools, and
possibility of replicating and scaling forging partnerships. NBS are designed A robust portfolio analysis of the World
up the use of this novel methodology to be more adaptive to changing climate Bank’s NBS for climate resilience
elsewhere in the future. conditions than gray infrastructure projects over the past 10 years shows
Through task teams, GFDRR’s resilient
infrastructure thematic area has also
provided support to the ongoing
dialogues at the national level to better
promote the resilience agenda in more
than 10 countries. These engagements
helped to facilitate dialogues with key
institutions (e.g., ministries of transport,
energy, water and sanitation, public
works, etc.) involved in prioritizing
investments and allocating resources
Photo: © World Bank.

to implement projects aimed at

addressing climate change adaption
and disaster risk mitigation needs. In
FY22, GFDRR’s resilient infrastructure
thematic area, for example, supported
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 17

that GFDRR’s technical support has led to Resilience (BRR) is providing new CRP produced City Scans—rapid
an increase in World Bank NBS financing, lines of advisory services, including: assessments of a city’s key urban
especially since 2020. In total, the (1) technical reviews of building characteristics and resilience
World Bank has approved 103 lending code contents to enhance resilience challenges—for 25 cities in Africa,
operations with an NBS for climate and sustainability; (2) assessments Europe and Central Asia, and East Asia
resilience component since 2012; 36 of of building approval processes and and Pacific. City Scans continue to be a
these were supported by GFDRR grants support for the process of reform, flagship product for CRP, helping drive
worth a total of $33.4 million. digitalization, and capacity building; (3) consensus on resilient infrastructure
the development of capacity-building investment opportunities and actions
Nature-based solutions (key activities).
programs for officials and professionals among municipal stakeholders and
In FY22, GFDRR worked closely with
in the public and the private sectors decision-makers as well as World Bank
task teams to support and fund the
to increase building code compliance operational teams.
use of NBS. In Sierra Leone, GFDRR
capacity; and (4) the provision of
provided $250,000 to conduct a In Chișinău, Moldova, for example, CRP
technical advice for enhancing capacity
detailed analysis of tree canopy loss built additional maps and information
of construction material testing.
in the country through a geospatial on the city’s seismic risk. In Khartoum,
assessment. The assessment quantified Building regulations (key activities). At Sudan, CRP created an extensive set of
levels of deforestation and identified the end of FY22, the building regulations maps on flood hazard. In Rwanda, CRP
main hotspots and the causes and thematic area supported 22 countries worked with the nature-based solutions
uses of the assessed lands; these and two regional engagements. In (NBS) thematic area to develop a set
data will inform an action plan to Kenya, Liberia, Malawi, Sierra Leone, of six integrated City NBS Scans. In
prevent further encroachment in and Zanzibar, the team working on the five Western Balkans City Scans,
high-risk areas as well as potential building regulations had contributed to CRP incorporated new regional climate
NBS investments to protect landscapes the preparation or the implementation projections and showcased these products
that are essential to absorb rainwater of ongoing World Bank–financed projects at CRP’s Climate-Ready Cities Regional
and prevent flooding and landslides. in DRM and urban, land, and economic Workshop.
GFDRR also provided $250,000 to development, as well as providing
strengthen urban and coastal resilience technical assistance and informing In terms of product development,
in Madagascar, supporting the policy dialogues. In Africa, the BRR team FY22 saw a focus in rolling out the
installation of urban parks and green developed its first regional report to take program’s flood modeling framework,
roofs, the revitalization of wetlands, stock of building regulatory frameworks, refinements to analytical approaches,
and the designation of areas for urban existing implementation mechanisms, and preparation of an asset-focused
agriculture. At the regional level, GFDRR and regional capacity while identifying resilience check designed to broaden
supported urban resilience in South strategic opportunities for the World team considerations from technical
Asia through a $700,000 grant that Bank’s future engagements. In South design to the wider transaction business
provides recommendations for climate Asia, the work in Maldives made model. The year also saw further work
resilience, including the use of NBS, and progress in supporting the government’s supporting co-financing opportunities,
holds knowledge-sharing workshops, reform efforts toward digitalizing the with at least one expected to be fully
trainings, and awareness-raising building approval process and improving confirmed during the first half of FY23.
activities to build regional and national the quality of building code compliance Eight urban flood risk assessment
capacity to implement such measures. documents as part of approved World assignments, totaling $2.25 million,
Bank lending projects. were released in FY22, covering Bolivia,
Building regulations (key outputs and Burundi, Chad, Niger, Senegal, Serbia,
outcomes). GFDRR continued to provide City Resilience Program (key outputs Sierra Leone, and Vietnam. Seven of
technical support through diagnostics and outcomes). Working collaboratively these had previously received some form
and capacity-building initiatives to help across the program’s three pillars of of early-stage CRP support.
countries bridge the critical gaps in activities, the City Resilience Program
their building regulatory frameworks (CRP) initiated 35 new engagements On the relationships front, the CRP
and their implementation mechanisms. in FY22 and continued the delivery team continued to engage across the
This support informs the design and of 23 from the previous year. These World Bank Group including with other
implementation of World Bank–financed engagements include work across trust funds, such as Sustainable Urban
projects, translating recommendations all World Bank Group regions, with & Regional Development Umbrella
into practical actions. In response a particular focus on Europe and Program (SURGE) and the City Climate
to evolving country needs, the team Central Asia and other program priority Finance Gap Fund; and private sector
working on Building Regulations for countries. participation facilities including
18 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

the Public-Private Infrastructure conceptualization of how heat resilience related considerations into planned and
Advisory Facility (PPIAF), the Global investments could be selected and future school infrastructure investments.
Infrastructure Facility (GIF), and the funded. The results of the exercise This is achieved notably through the
International Finance Corporation (IFC). helped Cluj-Napoca join the group of 100 improvement of school infrastructure
CRP also supported eight public events cities in the EU’s Climate-Neutral and baseline information and the use of risk
alongside its development partners Smart Cities program. The other early- information for investment planning
such as the Resilient Cities Network, stage assessment was the potential role and prioritization, as well as capacity
and participated in the United Nations’ of private sector real estate investment building of government entities and
initiatives and forums such as Making in helping Kosovo deliver on its climate private actors. 
Cities Resilient 2030 (MCR2030), the objectives. This assessment included
World Urban Forum, and the Global In FY22, a technical note on safe learning
reviewing the enabling framework,
Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction. environments was produced as part
scoping a number of potential sites, and
of the technical assistance package in
modeling a potential resilience-informed
City Resilience Program (key collaboration with the World Bank’s
redevelopment of Pristina’s main bus
activities). In FY22, CRP provided Education Global Practice. It describes
station.
a grant to the municipality of the risks school communities are
Th Đú’c, Vietnam, to enable the CRP also completed four previously exposed to and presents a list of actions
resilient development of the city initiated business modeling and and examples of how to address those
plan by supporting policy reform, affordability efforts in Ghana (solid risks to make schools safer places for
planning processes, and infrastructure waste management), India (water reuse learning.
development. The grant helped develop facility), Moldova, and Mongolia. Based
a risk-informed urban masterplan, Safer schools (key activities). In the
on its work supporting the Ayidan landfill
a physical investment plan that Kyrgyz Republic, a country exposed to
in Accra, Ghana, CRP and a World Bank
outlined priorities in flood protection earthquakes, the ongoing World Bank
team is co-leading a national-level
investments, a financial strategy for operation and technical assistance
endeavor, co-funded with the trust fund
Th Đú’c, policy notes informing land law from GFDRR developed a risk-informed
PROBLUE, to establish the investment
revision, and a policy reform case study prioritization approach to select 40
requirements for the entire solid waste
on Th Đú’c illustrating the practical schools for intervention with the aim
management system. In Maputo,
consequences of reforms to land use of reducing seismic vulnerability and
Mozambique, CRP built on its reputation
planning and value capture. improving water, sanitation and hygiene,
to initiate a business modeling exercise
and energy efficiency. Benefitting more
Additionally, CRP continued to support for the proposed new sanitary landfill.
than 55,000 students, the operation was
a dedicated grant in Türkiye providing This effort follows similar work in
designed to serve as a platform to scale
technical assistance to the Ministry of several African cities, allowing for the
up risk reduction investments in schools
Environment, Urbanization and Climate incorporation of lessons learned into
nationwide. The Ministry of Education
Change aiming to improve private sector the terms of reference and oversight
is now effectively developing a national
participation in urban transformation. approach.
school infrastructure investment plan
The grant supported the preparation Safer schools (key outputs and which is planned to be finalized and
of an e-learning course on financing adopted in January 2024.
outcomes). This thematic area
models for urban transformation and the
focuses on boosting resilient, green,
preparation of technical review reports In the Pacific Islands, the safer schools’
inclusive, and learning-oriented
assessing the development potential technical assistance activities included
school infrastructure for communities
for two urban transformation areas: the the development of risk assessment and
exposed to natural hazards. The safer
metropolitan municipalities of Tekirdağ investment planning reports and tools
schools team supports governments
and Kahramanmaraş. for more than 6,000 school buildings
in integrating scalable risk reduction
across Samoa, Tonga, and Vanuatu. This
CRP completed two early-stage solutions into school infrastructure
helped inform the preparation of the
scoping exercises begun in previous investment programs and policies. In
Tonga Safe and Resilient Schools Project
years, including the development and FY22, lending operations of around $400
and, together with additional financing,
piloting of an urban heat methodology million were informed through activities
covered 180 schools and about 17,000
in Romania. Piloted in the cities performed in 13 countries across all
students.  
of Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca, this regions. The safer schools team works
work combined the identification of in close collaboration with task teams in In El Salvador, the technical assistance
heat-affected neighborhoods with the the World Bank’s education sector during supported the diagnosis and assessment
location of marginalized communities, the preparation and implementation of of 300 schools nationwide and the
providing specific locations for the incorporating risk reduction and climate- preparation of 40 pre-investment plans
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 19

Risks and Challenges

The challenge for the resilient
infrastructure thematic area is to
continue to define technical niches where
GFDRR can make a difference and design
replicable approaches to respond to
repeated demand for support to promote
Costa Verde, Lima, Peru. © Miki Fernández.

resilience in infrastructure practices.

NBS projects are often seen as public

goods rather than projects suited for
private investment. To accelerate
the volume and effectiveness of NBS
investments, GFDRR aims to improve the
measuring of NBS benefits, strengthen
the enabling environment, and
enhance stakeholder capacity. To avoid
duplication of efforts within the World
Bank and externally, an open community
to be financed by the World Bank. The housing operations. Several publications that builds partnerships is needed
plan is likely to benefit around 1.2 million included Capturing Housing Data to promote knowledge sharing and
students in 5,200 schools.   in Small Island Developing States: cooperation and to consolidate efforts.
Guidance Note, which demonstrated
Resilient housing (key outputs The COVID-19 pandemic posed
how to utilize geospatial technologies challenges to in-person learning,
and outcomes). Through technical
assistance to World Bank task teams to assess infrastructure accurately and data collection, and stakeholder
and governments, the resilient housing rapidly within the built environment of consultations for the team working
thematic area seeks to promote access a small island developing state (SIDS). A on building regulations and the
to safe and sanitary housing in areas report, Detecting Urban Clues for Road CRP. Faced with restrictions, the
of high vulnerability before the next Safety: Leveraging Big Data and Machine building regulations thematic area
disaster hits. Its main activities center Learning, offered guidance to task found new service lines that could
around three pillars: (1) using geospatial team leaders on how to use geospatial be delivered virtually and expanded
analysis for evidence-based decision- technology to identify dangerous or high- global knowledge. In the second half
making; (2) implementing housing risk road segments. And in a technical of FY22, as pandemic restrictions
policies designed to reach the most note, Managing Environmental and Social eased, CRP gradually began to hold
vulnerable; and (3) designing programs Risks in Resilient Housing Projects, the face-to-face workshops and missions,
to ensure scalability and improve resilient housing thematic area worked which was critical to building trust
sustainability. In FY22, the team working with the World Bank’s operational policy and commitment among city-level
on resilient housing provided technical and country services unit to guide task stakeholders. For CRP, private capital
assistance to Argentina’s Metropolitan team leaders on how to minimize risk mobilization remains a challenging and
Buenos Aires Urban Transformation and maximize housing project impact time-consuming undertaking because
Project; the Dominican Republic’s $100 of the highly complex nature of such
through the World Bank’s Environmental
million Support to the National Housing transactions.
and Social Framework.
Program Project operation; and Mexico’s
For the safer schools thematic area,
Social Housing Support Project. GFDRR’s Data collection and field missions
the availability of and access to
resilient housing thematic area also were minimal due to pandemic travel
school infrastructure data remain a
contributed to the Green, Resilient, and restrictions; however, several clients challenge. The team is tackling this by
Inclusive Housing for Cities event at the embarked on their own data collection exploring the use of technology such as
2021 World Bank Group/IMF Annual (Colombia and Paraguay) with the artificial intelligence (AI) and machine
Meetings. GFDRR team working on resilient housing learning to support field data collection
Resilient housing (key activities). providing frequent virtual technical activities and improve operational
With COVID-19 travel restrictions in assistance. In total, this thematic area efficiency in difficult contexts such as
place most of the year, the focus was on provided technical assistance to seven those contending with post-disaster
generating knowledge products and tools urban and disaster risk management responses, fragile and conflict-affected
for clients preparing or implementing projects in FY22. situations, and the pandemic.
20 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

PRIORITY 2

In Focus Strengthening the

Resilience of the Transport

Photo: © World Bank.

Sector across Small Island
Developing States

L
ocated in various oceans, many small island developing officials to better understand the full extent of the network they
states (SIDS) share an important common feature: they are manage, how it performs over time, and the exact investment
among the nations most exposed to natural hazards and requirements needed in the medium to long term to optimize
climate change. The transport sector, critical to the economy the financial resource allocation while strengthening the overall
and society of all SIDS, often the primary infrastructure sector performance and resilience of road asset networks.
in these countries, is very vulnerable to natural hazards and
disaster events. Strengthening the resilience of the transport In an effort to promote open access to resilient transport
sector will have multiplier effects in building the resilience in information for both government officials and other interested
SIDS, contributing to social and economic activities in these stakeholders, an online resource was built exclusively for
countries. In the face of a changing climate and the increasing resilient transport in SIDS and made available through the
intensity of extreme weather events, there is therefore an urgent GFDRR website, where publications, reports, videos, and links to
need to increase the resilience of this sector. useful sources of knowledge were posted. One useful resource—
developed in the course of implementing this grant with the
With support from GFDRR and in partnership with the World aim of building capacity for government transport authorities
Bank and the Japan–World Bank Program for Mainstreaming across SIDS—is the World Bank Open Learning Campus (OLC)
Disaster Risk Management (DRM), four SIDS countries—Vanuatu eLearning course, “Climate Resilient Transport in Small Island
and the Solomon Islands (two countries in the Pacific Region), Developing States (Self-Paced).” The free, online, self-paced
St. Vincent and the Grenadines (one in the Caribbean Region), course provides strategic, experiential, and practical knowledge
and Cabo Verde (one in the Africa Region)—were selected to about how to integrate climate and disaster risk considerations
develop tools to assess the specific climate and natural hazard in the management of transport assets in SIDS. This resource will
vulnerabilities of their transport assets. be critical for these countries and government counterparts to be
better prepared to protect their transport assets; it will also be
Transport technical teams working closely with government
critical for supporting financial resource allocation decisions to
counterparts developed diagnostic assessments for their
mitigate climate and disaster risks.
transport asset management systems to improve government
officials understanding of practices and processes. By using SIDS are already piloting best practices in transport asset
an Asset Life Cycle Management Framework, which takes into management with the support of GFDRR and the World Bank.
consideration climate and natural hazard risks of transport The work undertaken during this grant informed the preparation
assets, governments can minimize disaster impacts on transport of over $250 million in additional World Bank investments
services and improve emergency planning and operations as well aimed at continuing to strengthen the resilience of SIDS transport
as reduce socioeconomic losses. networks.
A detailed diagnostic assessment of road and bridge asset
management systems was conducted in Vanuatu, the Solomon
Islands, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. It analyzed current Lessons Long-term engagement and strong
commitment in terms of capacity building,
climate and disaster risks and identified opportunities for Learned knowledge development, and finance
enhancing those systems; it also offered recommendations to
strengthen institutional capacity and coordination. Transition mobilization are crucial for the sustained
plans were then developed to guide the integration of climate transition to resilient transport asset
resilience considerations into the transport asset life cycle. An management. Using a holistic, systems-
information technology (IT)-based application for resilient road based approach helps to define a long-
and bridge asset management systems was also created, not term vision and a pathway for integrating
only enhancing access to data and information for transport climate and natural hazard resilience
officials but also increasing capacity of asset data collection considerations into transport asset
and management. This enhanced system enables transport management.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 21

PRIORITY 2

In Focus Informing urban resilience planning in Côte d’Ivoire

A
ccording to the latest report from the UN’s
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the battle
against climate change will be fought largely in urban
areas. By 2050, an additional 2.5 billion people are projected
to live in cities, with up to 90 percent of this increase
concentrated in Africa and Asia. Because of sea-level rise and
increases in tropical cyclone storm surge and rainfall intensity,
over a billion people in low-lying cities and settlements will be
at risk from coastal-specific climate hazards by 2050.

One of these cities is Abidjan, the economic capital of Côte

d’Ivoire, where one out of four Ivoirians is expected to live
by 2025. The Abidjan Autonomous District already comprises
the highest demographic concentration in the country, with
between 5 million and 6 million inhabitants—or 20 percent
of Côte d’Ivoire’s total population—and nearly 45 percent of
its urban dwellers. It also accounts for over 60 percent of the
country’s economic activities.

However, basic sanitation, solid waste management, and

stormwater infrastructure facilities in Abidjan have not kept
pace with its rapid urban growth. Combined with the effects
of illegal waste dumping, which make flooding worse, over 26 Operation city clean Abidjan/ Photo: © Adou Innocent Kouadio | Dreamstime.com
percent of the district’s area is at risk of landslides and floods,
including coastal flooding.
Waste Management Project, which aims to reduce flooding and
The City Resilience Program (CRP), supported by the Swiss improve solid waste management in targeted municipalities in
State Secretariat for Economic Affairs and the Austrian Federal Abidjan and across the country. CRP’s finance pillar contributed
Ministry of Finance, builds resilient cities by increasing access advisory services to support the consideration of how to best
to tools and technical support to enable resilience planning, contract the construction and operation of the proposed new
expanding access to financing to ensure more investments solid waste management facilities—an initiative that looks
in resilience, and leveraging global partnerships to support to match the capacity of the private sector with the need to
resilience objectives. CRP’s planning and financing pillars address an important cause of flooding in the city.
combined in Abidjan to provide a City Scan and financial
advisory services to implement a resilience-enhancing waste
management system.
By highlighting hazard exposure through
Lessons
The City Scan—a rapid assessment of a city’s key urban data, the City Scan for Abidjan illuminated
characteristics and resilience challenges—helps drive
Learned risk patterns that municipal decision-
discussion of the need for resilient infrastructure planning makers had not considered before. The
among city stakeholders and World Bank operations teams. findings of the study and the subsequent
This assessment found that a considerable portion of Abidjan’s financial advisory services provided by
critical infrastructure—about 22 percent of major roads, CRP informed $124 million of World Bank
23 percent of schools, and 18 percent of hospitals—was investments in Côte d’Ivoire through
located in flood risk zones. The City Scan served as a critical the Urban Resilience and Solid Waste
conversation starter between World Bank teams and Abidjan Management Project. The combination of
city representatives about the urgent need for resilient technical expertise, global experience, and
infrastructure. local knowledge in both the City Scan and
the financial advisory services provided
Following an initial conversation on Abidjan’s resilience needs, by CRP is helping lay the groundwork
the government requested that CRP provide more assistance for coordinated, well-planned resilience
to the city through the World Bank’s Urban Resilience and Solid investments in Côte d’Ivoire.
 PRIORITY 3
22 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Financial Preparedness
to Manage Disaster
and Climate Shocks

PRIORITY 3
GRANT CONTRIBUTION

Financial Preparedness to 24 of 134 18%

Manage Disaster and

Climate Shocks
FUNDING CONTRIBUTION

$9.4M

23%

Vanuatu—Eruption of Mount Yasur. © Blagov58 | Dreamstime.com.

Objective Key Outputs, Activities, for legislative and policy reforms and
enhanced institutional capacity building
and Outcomes
Vulnerable countries can be for the development policy grant with a
overwhelmed by compounding shocks— Key Outputs and Outcomes Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Option
for example, they can be dealing In Senegal, GFDRR supported the (Cat-DDO).
with a disaster event while already preparation of the National Disaster In Tuvalu, work on building institutional
grappling with the financial toll of Risk Reduction Strategy, which includes capacity to manage both public and
COVID-19. Disasters continue to inflict aspects of DRF and is expected to be
private assets and increase the disaster
billions of dollars in losses each year, approved at the end of 2022. For this
and climate resilience of infrastructure,
far exceeding the available resources endeavor, a public finance and disaster
buildings, and housing was completed.
of governments. Climate change risk finance expert has provided specific
This activity has provided critical
exacerbates these losses because of technical assistance on institutional
the increase in the severity of the support to strengthen building
diagnostic and disaster- and climate-
disasters. Disaster risk financing (DRF) regulations and led to the endorsement
related risk analytics.
strategies aim to mitigate the impact of the New Building Code, a prior action
of financial losses from natural hazards During this fiscal year, a grant policy reform needed as part of the
and climate change by encouraging supporting the government of development of the country’s second
risk-based decision-making about Vanuatu in strengthening its Cat-DDO.
financial protection instruments and institutional capacity for disaster risk
management came to a close. GFDRR In Central Asia, GFDRR, in collaboration
more reliable systems for responding with technical teams, has continued to
to and recovering from climate and supported targeted technical inputs
to the government’s disaster recovery support prevention and preparedness
disaster shocks.
framework. These include assistance by helping countries to better
In FY22, GFDRR continued to facilitate in developing operational guidelines understand and quantify disaster and
dialogue about financial preparedness on emergency procurement; post- climate risks for improved planning and
to support countries as they navigate disaster public financial management decision-making. Data on the assets
the global risk financing space. Outlined procedures; and establishing access exposed to disaster and climate risks
below are the key outcomes in FY22 for to and implementing various sources were collected and shared while a
GFDRR-supported in-country activities of post-disaster finance, including homogenized database of structures,
that focused on strengthening financial the government’s emergency funds. infrastructure, and crop assets was
resilience to disasters. GFDRR also provided technical support assembled. This material went toward
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 23

producing a regional multi-hazard risk stakeholder conferences in February Financing Facility (CAFF), which aims to
assessment, which will allow countries and April 2022, the national government develop a flexible approach to climate
to understand the value, location, and reiterated its commitment to include adaptation financing that could be used
types of assets at risk. This information DRF in its comprehensive and strategic by regional financial institutions to
is critical to devising appropriate approach to managing disaster risk and strengthen physical and fiscal resilience
preventive and preparation measures. mitigating the socioeconomic, budgetary, across the Caribbean.
and financial impacts of disasters.
The Caribbean Disaster Risk Financing In Anguilla, the report Development of
The ad hoc committee in charge of
Technical Assistance Program has Disaster-Related Statistics Capacity in the
the strategy is exploring options for
continued to support countries, Government of Anguilla was published in
the official validation of the strategy
overseas countries and territories, and June 2022. This output and the capacity-
through a potential decree as well as its
regional institutions in strengthening building process that was undertaken
socialization and legitimization with the
financial resilience to natural hazards. to prepare the report has increased the
public, possibly through a workshop and
Governments in the Caribbean capacity of the government of Anguilla,
dedicated communications efforts.
have expressed increasing levels of specifically through its statistics
interest in strengthening institutions A virtual interactive game on DRF entitled department, to help the government
to mainstream DRF principles and Hurricane Hurry has been developed prepare for and respond to disaster
approaches into their decision-making. by GFDRR and tested first during a live events by making data-driven decisions.
session in September 2021 and then It also supports Anguilla’s general
In Barbados, GFDRR’s initial
in subsequent regional workshops and resilience development by establishing a
analytical work has enabled the
academic settings throughout the fiscal process for standardized data collection
national government to improve its
year. In this role-playing game, players across various government ministries
understanding of the disaster risk profile
confront the individual and collective and agencies.
for key hazards in the country. In Sint
challenges of balancing investment in
Maarten, GFDRR has provided technical Toward the end of FY22, a new regional
disaster risk management (DRM) and
assistance in improving DRF governance grant for the Western Balkans started
financing, which can also be applied to
by supporting the development of that will, among other things, provide
different contexts.
a risk model for hurricanes and the technical assistance to support the
development of a DRF strategy. These In Barbados, a disaster risk profile development and application of
national-level engagements were has been developed with support from modeling techniques and analytical tools
combined with efforts to mainstream GFDRR that provides future probabilistic to estimate financial and fiscal impacts
core DRF principles throughout the loss estimates for earthquake and of disaster risks at macro levels. This
region, including through academia, tropical cyclone hazards, and in St. technical assistance will cover Albania,
governments, the Caribbean Lucia, an innovative analytical tool Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo,
Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility has been developed to determine both North Macedonia, and Serbia, with
Segregated Portfolio Company (CCRIF the physical and social vulnerabilities a focus on revenues, spending, and
SPC), and private sector institutions. that form the core of the analytics for refinancing capabilities. The grant will
These efforts included a disaster risk adaptive social protection and DRF strengthen capacity for risk-informed
quantification and DRF professional activities of the government. policy formulation in formal institutions,
graduate qualification course—titled increase the use of disaster and climate
GFDRR gave technical support to the
Disaster Risk Financing & Analytics: A risk information in decision-making and
Caribbean Physical and Financial
Practitioner’s Guide—developed with policy change, and increase the financial
Resilience Building Program (CPFRB),
the University of the West Indies (UWI). resilience of governments and the private
which supports the development of
sector.
Key Activities a new risk financing instrument that
Under the Building Physical, Fiscal and promotes and rewards better physical In Central Asia, GFDRR and the World
Inclusive Resilience in Haiti project, risk reduction and regulatory measures. Bank developed a regional multi-peril
where GFDRR is giving technical This technical assistance engagement risk assessment including building a
assistance, activities involving the has directly supported some prior homogenized database of structures,
inter-ministerial steering committee actions and indicators to put the Cat- infrastructure, and crops assets exposed
in charge of developing a national DDO operation in Dominica in place. to potentially devastating natural
DRF strategy picked up again after A regional training program strategy hazards, such as earthquakes, floods, and
they had been brought to a halt as for building professionals and building selected landslides, which are common
a result of the political crisis that officials is also being developed. occurrences in the region. This activity
followed the assassination of Haiti’s Furthermore, the engagement supports was accompanied by a series of capacity
then-president in July. During multi- the scaling up of the Climate Adaptation building activities including five country-
24 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

based workshops on exposure mapping

and two regional workshops on multi-
peril hazard modeling and vulnerability
modeling to enhance capacity. The
database and modeling are essential for
developing potential DRF solutions. In
parallel, the team is also engaging at the
national level in the Kyrgyz Republic,
Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan to provide
technical support to enhance financial
preparedness. For example, support is
being provided to develop a Disaster Risk
Financing Strategy in Uzbekistan, and to
support the establishment of a disaster
insurance pool for households and
development of the disaster insurance
market in the Kyrgyz Republic. The task
team has already initiated capacity-
building activities on DRF as well as
completing diagnostics on preparedness
and disaster response capabilities of
social protection systems, which have
been conducted in the Kyrgyz Republic,
Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Sanitation procedure against coronavirus in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Photo: © eranicle | istock.com.

In November 2021, new DRF Analytics

tools were presented to 60+ government decline in structural dialogue about to: (1) have a flexible approach to
officials from across Central Asia.11 This disaster risk reduction and financing. implementation; (2) partner with local
regional virtual training was a product Despite these constraints, the pandemic actors (in Haiti, local actors had an
of collaboration between GFDRR and has, more than ever, highlighted established presence and long-term
two Global Practices of the World the need to have comprehensive experience); and (3) raise awareness
Bank: Finance, Competitiveness, and DRM and DRF strategies in place. In and highlight the importance of DRM to
Innovation (FCI) and Urban, Disaster Central Asia, for instance, GFDRR national and international institutions.
Risk Management, Resilience and and the World Bank have multiplied Several months after a series of crises,
Land (GPURL). The workshop covered efforts to build close relationships a positive development has been the
information on DRF principles and and deepen engagement through emergence of initiatives from national
provided an introduction to analytics virtual means of communication. For institutions to bring DRM and DRF back
and financial risk assessment tools with instance, in Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, to the center of the national policy
an example of an application in Vietnam. and Uzbekistan, the team organized discourse; this development should
country-based workshops on exposure be made the most of—even during the
Risks and Challenges mapping characterizing buildings, chaotic post-recovery period.
infrastructure, and croplands with
Developing DRF activities with a wide
The COVID-19 crisis continued to impact the ultimate purpose of developing a
variety of partners has been beneficial
countries around the world in FY22, regionally consistent exposure database.
to supporting countries’ efforts to
affecting projects financed by GFDRR.
This fiscal year, several countries strengthen their financial resilience.
A shift in government priorities toward
have faced complex crises. For For instance, activities in DRF in the
pandemic response meant a
example, following a political crisis, Caribbean, particularly in St. Lucia, have
an earthquake struck southern Haiti been implemented in partnership with the
11
The tools were produced and funded by the in August and tropical storm Grace United Nations’ World Food Programme
Global Partnership on Disaster Risk Financing hit immediately thereafter. This has and the Food and Agriculture Organization
Analytics, a partnership between the had a particular impact on ongoing of the United Nations, creating more
European Union, the World Bank, and GFDRR.
projects in the country, disrupting the opportunities for analytical support at the
For more information about the partnership
and its outputs, please refer to its website: implementation of activities. Several intersection of adaptive social protection
https://www.gfdrr.org/en/drf-analytics. lessons learned were that it is crucial and disaster risk financing.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 25

PRIORITY 3

In Focus Enhancing Disaster

Risk Financing in the Caribbean

C
aribbean countries are exposed to high levels of risks
from natural hazards, which can have significant negative
impacts on their economic and fiscal stability. In recent
years, countries in the region have expressed high demand to
deepen their financial preparedness to disaster shocks.

With support from GFDRR, and in partnership with the

European Union (EU) within the framework of the EU-funded
Caribbean Regional Resilience Building Facility (CRRBF), the Affairs and Department of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries to
World Bank is pursuing a gradual, incremental approach to deliver a plan that was later approved by the Council of Ministers
better understanding and quantifying Caribbean countries’ to operationalize the recommendations.
financial exposure to the effects of natural hazards. The World
Bank tailors country-specific ways to improve each country’s These national-level engagements are combined with efforts
financial resilience to disaster shocks: the goal is to develop to mainstream core DRF principles throughout the region,
comprehensive disaster risk financing (DRF) strategies that including via academia, government entities, private sector
can help enhance long-term disaster resilience and adaptation institutions, and the Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance
capacity for the most vulnerable countries in the Caribbean. Facility Segregated Portfolio Company (CCRIF SPC). CCRIF
SPC was established in 2007, with technical support from the
Developing coherent risk financing strategies and enhancing Japan–World Bank Program for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk
financial preparedness requires a solid understanding of each Management (DRM) in Developing Countries, as the first multi-
country’s context. Governments in the Caribbean have expressed country risk pool in the world.
increasing interest in strengthening institutions to mainstream
DRF principles and approaches into their decision-making. A subscription to CCRIF SPC reflects the shift away from a focus
on reactive post-disaster response to a more proactive approach
At the regional level, an interactive role-playing game, Hurricane that focuses on prevention and preparedness and on the success
Hurry, was developed to help stakeholders confront individual of global partnerships. With support from the EU CRRBF, CCRIF
and collective challenges around balancing investments in SPC was able to increase members’ insurance coverage and
disaster risk management and financing. The game was tested reduce their premium costs. Haiti, for example, because it is a
at four workshops between September and December 2021; CCRIF SPC member, benefited from a special premium discount
the workshops were attended by over 100 people, of whom 67 of 26 percent in its response to the pandemic.
percent were women. Also at the regional level, a partnership
with the University of the West Indies was undertaken to develop Haiti also has other financial support mechanisms in place,
practical courses that can easily disseminate good practices and including the World Bank’s Contingency Emergency Response
lessons learned on DRF in the Caribbean and beyond. Component (CERC), which allows funds to be reallocated from
existing projects to address emergency response needs. For
At the national level, in Barbados, a disaster risk profile that instance, the CERC of the Haiti Rural Accessibility & Resilience
provides future probabilistic loss estimates for earthquake and Project, for US$33 million, has been triggered to restore
tropical cyclone hazards has been developed. And in St. Lucia, road connectivity following a recent earthquake. The World
an innovative analytical tool has been developed to determine Bank is also working with the government of Haiti and other
both the physical and social vulnerabilities that form the core of development partners on a comprehensive needs assessment
the analytics for adaptive social protection and DRF activities of and recovery plan. This will be used to mobilize funding from the
the government. World Bank and partners for resilient and inclusive recovery and
reconstruction in Haiti.
Several Caribbean Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs)
have benefitted from support to strengthen the DRF agenda. With continued support from GFDRR and the World Bank, the
For example, Aruba requested an assessment that would offer governments of the Caribbean will keep working to strengthen
strategies to strengthen resilience in its food supply chain. This their financial resilience and their ability to protect the most
assessment allowed the country’s Department of Economic vulnerable from disasters.
 PRIORITY 4
26 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Disaster Preparedness
and Resilient Recovery

PRIORITY 4
GRANT CONTRIBUTION

Disaster Preparedness
62 of 134 46%

and Resilient Recovery

FUNDING CONTRIBUTION
$18.7M

46%

Photo: © World Bank.

Objective Nations, the European Union, and early warning systems, by providing
the World Bank—with disaster-prone technical assistance that mobilizes larger
Climate change is exacerbating the countries to help them to be better World Bank’s investments than would
intensity of climatic hazards, resulting prepared for post-disaster recovery. otherwise be available. Among the key
in a disastrous impact on lives and These partnerships remain a critical achievements in FY22 was the launch
livelihoods. Predicting geological enabling factor for producing guidelines of a major analytical report Charting a
hazards continues to be a challenge. and tools for conducting post-disaster Course for Sustainable Hydrological and
During the pandemic, many countries needs assessments and developing Meteorological Observation Networks in
faced compound shocks that included disaster recovery frameworks, which Developing Countries, which provides
simultaneous health emergencies, are now complemented by the Global specific recommendations to national
natural hazards, and conflicts; together RApid post-disaster Damage Estimation hydrological and meteorological agencies
they served as a reminder of the (GRADE) methodology: a remote, desk- and development institutions on how to
importance of being prepared and based methodology developed by the ensure the sustainability of observation
building resilience. This priority area World Bank and GFDRR. networks. Other notable deliverables
focuses on improving the preparedness were analytical products including a
portfolio review that describes the status
of communities and governments by Key Outputs, Activities, of the World Bank’s hydromet and early-
facilitating access to and utilization
of hydrometeorological (hydromet)
and Outcomes warning systems projects and the global
data and early warning systems, trends in this sector. As part of its efforts
Hydromet (key outputs and outcomes). to build partnerships, the team organized
strengthening emergency response
The demand for reliable weather, climate, a range of information sharing and
capacity, improving the resilience of
and water information is growing capacity building events including three
health care systems, and supporting
along with a greater appreciation Global Weather Enterprise Forum (GWEF)
resilient recovery. In FY22, lessons from
for how valuable this information roundtable discussions: (1) Development
the COVID-19 pandemic led GFDRR to
is for decision-making to save lives partners’ dialogue: How to enhance the
initiate a new thematic area to enhance
and property and for promoting the lasting effect of development projects?;
integrated resilience of the health care
economic efficiency of multiple-weather (2) Building the New Economy: the
systems that provide life-saving services
dependent sectors such as agriculture, Role of the Weather Enterprise; and
during and after emergencies.
water resources management, and (3) From models to mangroves: Using
Aligned with the Sendai Framework for transport. GFDRR’s work in hydromet climate information to design effective
Disaster Risk Reduction and its strategic continues to provide strong support nature-based solutions, which was
objectives, GFDRR continues working— to World Bank teams working with prepared jointly with GFDRR’s nature-
in close coordination with the United countries seeking better data and based solutions team and the GWEF. To
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 27

promote topics important for improving Health (key outputs and outcomes). which creates global knowledge
public-private-academic engagement in Launched in June 2022 and jointly led and tools; and (2) country-specific
hydromet services, the team, together by the World Bank’s Global Practices operational support to strengthen
with the GWEF, developed 10 episodes of Urban, Disaster Risk Management, health care system resilience, which
of The WeatherPod podcast. To support Resilience, and Land (GPURL) and applies global knowledge and tools
World Bank project preparation and Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP), to selected countries. In FY22, under
implementation, the team also provided GFDRR’s new thematic area in climate the first component, the team has
operational advice for six projects. and disaster risk management for health developed a Frontline Scorecard
systems is growing as a platform to that facilitates country-specific gap
Additionally, contributions to the World provide analytical and advisory services analysis to help identify major risks
Development Report 2021 on data helped to make health systems more resilient. and areas for action, and has piloted
elevate the importance of open hydromet Its primary function is to provide the tool in a few countries. The team
data in the context of sustainability and operational analytics for task teams in is also contributing data and analysis
adaptation efforts. Moreover, the use of HNP, GPURL, and other infrastructure- to Country Climate and Development
tools such as online forums and podcasts oriented global practices to help them Reports (CCDRs) in selected countries
allowed GFDRR’s hydromet thematic advise governments so they can make such as Peru and the Philippines. Under
area to broaden its reach and expand informed decisions on improving health the second component, the team is
its audience for sustainable approaches systems. The team has been making exploring pilot countries where there
to improve hydromet and early warning steady progress to help mainstream are strong demand and commitments
systems. climate and disaster resilience into from clients to invest in integrated
Hydromet (key activities). Investments the health sector by contributing to resilience for the health sector.
concepts and to HNP’s activities and
for improving hydromet and early Emergency preparedness and response
programs, such as the Health Emergency
warning systems continue to grow (EP&R, key outputs and outcomes).
Preparedness and Response (HEPR)
globally, with the World Bank playing With the escalation of the severity
Umbrella Program—a new global
a leading role. As of FY22, the World of disasters, GFDRR is focusing on
lending program being prepared to
Bank’s hydromet and early warning strengthening countries’ emergency
enhance emergency preparedness and
systems portfolio included more than preparedness and response (EP&R)
response—and create HNP’s flagship
80 projects in some 90 countries with systems at national, regional, and local
report on resilient health systems.
total investments at about $1 billion. levels for all types of compounded
GFDRR grants contributed to the Health (key activities). GFDRR’s new emergencies including natural
preparation and implementation of a thematic area to leverage disaster risk hazards, climate change-exacerbated
significant share of these operations. management experience for integrated emergencies, disease outbreaks,
For example, GFDRR expanded its resilience for health systems has the and displacements. In FY22, GFDRR
operational support for the Middle East following two components: (1) the contributed to mainstreaming EP&R
and North Africa (MENA) region, where development of health care system across World Bank operations through
a new Program-for-Results Financing resilience assessment methodologies, tailored and demand-driven technical,
(PforR), the Tunisia Integrated Disaster
Resilience Program, integrated large
investments for the modernization
of hydromet and early warning
systems for the first time for hydromet
investments in order to enhance
disaster preparedness in the country.
The project design was informed by
accumulated studies and technical
assistance supported by GFDRR since
2018 and included a benchmark
study on the weather, climate, and
hydrological services capacities of 20
MENA countries, as well as a program
including technical assistance, capacity
building, and knowledge exchange
products for the MENA region. Participants at Emergency Operations Centre (EOC) workshop in St. Vincent and the Grenadines. © World Bank.
28 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

operational, and analytical support for in FY23; it also provided input to the using virtual or hybrid methods, have
building and enhancing government’s concept and output of a crisis preparedness been tried and contributed to making
capacity in EP&R. Examples of GFDRR gap analysis in Uganda. In addition, some progress. In some instances
contributions include the Lessons in FY22, GFDRR provided technical though, stakeholders’ unfamiliarity
Learned Exercise (LLE), which is an assistance for the organization of an EP&R with digital platforms significantly
analytical tool used as an entry point to workshop with local urban metropolitan delayed the gathering of information
advocate for EP&R systems enhancement areas in South Africa. In MENA, the and the consultation processes. Both
and to gather initial data before a team contributed to the organization of governments and the GFDRR teams
broader assessment of a country’s a workshop that focused on analytical hope to go back to physical interaction
EP&R systems. The LLE analyzes a tools to enhance Jordan’s emergency going forward, where it makes sense, to
recent emergency in the country and response and preparedness capabilities. maximize impact.
provides key government, private sector, In South Asia, specific activities entailed
Stakeholder coordination: Building
and emergency relief entities with an technical assistance to improve emergency
deeper government awareness and
opportunity to discuss the systems, operations protocols to respond to forest
understanding of the need for capacity
procedures, and experiences related fires in Uttarakhand, India, and support
building, the resources available to
to EP&R and to develop collaborative for local governments for COVID-19
those governments, and the benefit of
recommendations for EP&R capacity response and recovery in Bangladesh.
institutional cooperation remains a
improvements. Another example is the Finally, the EP&R team collaborated with
challenge. In particular, encouraging
Ready2Respond (R2R) diagnostic, which the World Bank climate change team on
governments to take the initiative to
is a detailed assessment that analyzes developing monitoring principles for policy
facilitate a wider partnership among
existing capacities of emergency commitment for crisis preparedness, which
public, private, and academic sectors
preparedness systems to inform is one of the objectives of the 20th cycle of
could create an innovative business
investment plans and provide clear and the International Development Association
model that could be very helpful. This
actionable recommendations tailored to (IDA).
is especially true in the area of hydromet
the country context. Outcomes take the and early warning systems. Additional
In FY22, GFDRR continued to support
concrete form of knowledge products efforts to build governments’ awareness
operational teams working on
such as reports, briefs, or analysis about resource allocation, capacity
contingency planning instruments such
pieces, as well as peer-learning events building, and institutional cooperation
as Contingent Emergency Response
such as workshops or events. Another would be beneficial in pushing the
Components (CERCs) under Investment
GFDRR tool worth mentioning is aimed agenda of early warning systems for all,
Project Financing (IPF) operations and
at more mid-term and long-term resilient and governments should also be better
development policy financing with a
recovery: the Global RApid post-disaster informed about the potential benefits
Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Option
Damage Estimation (GRADE), which of creating enabling environments for
(Cat DDO) for catastrophic risks. To
uses a remote, desk-based, post-disaster public-private-academic engagement in
do this, it developed internal tools to
damage assessment approach that uses this area.
track contingency planning instruments
disruptive technology (please see pages
across the World Bank portfolio, which Data availability, quality, and
2–7 for details and highlights on the
was crucial for informed and efficient granularity: Access to timely and
GRADE tool).
decision-making for the teams during quality data at an appropriate level of
EP&R (key activities). In FY22, GFDRR the pandemic. Moreover, GFDRR granularity is essential for successful
supported several R2R assessments in the funded activities to support Cat DDOs country engagements, but finding such a
Caribbean; provided technical support to in Cabo Verde, Dominica, Honduras, data set from available resources can be
teams across the Africa, South Asia, and Panama, and the Philippines, focusing challenging. For example, an appropriate
Middle East and North Africa regions; and on strengthening financial protection level of hazard information is needed
developed analytical tools and products against disaster and climate as well as to inform designing parameters to be
to provide the necessary support to the health-related shocks. included in building codes, but hazard
regional teams. More specifically, in the assessments that are readily available
Caribbean, GFDRR supported the delivery Risks and Challenges have been conducted for different
of a workshop on emergency operations purposes (e.g., land use planning, hazard
center design and management for the COVID-19 impact: The pandemic assessment for specific sites and/or
government of St. Vincent and the continued to pose challenges for GFDRR buildings) and not useful for building
Grenadines. In Africa, the EP&R team activities by the absence of opportunities codes. Thus datasets often need to be
is supporting the delivery of an R2R to have face-to-face interactions with created from scratch and that can take
assessment in Madagascar to be finalized stakeholders. Alternative approaches, time and resources.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 29

PRIORITY 4

Serbia. Photo: © Dozet | Dreamstime.com.

In Focus Developing the South-
East European Multi-Hazard
Early Warning Advisory System
to Strengthen Resilience to
Shared Natural Hazard Risks
In May 2014, devastating floods and landslides caused by meteorological and hydrological forecasting in the region. The
unprecedented rainfall swept through the Western Balkans, increase in meteorological and hydrological data will improve the
particularly Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Croatia. The accuracy of the prediction of hydrometeorological hazards. Since
damages caused by this disaster were appraised at over 2 the launch of the SEE-MHEWS-A initiative, there has been a 50
billion Euros (€), according to the World Bank. Every year, the percent increase in regional data exchange.
impacts of weather, climate, and water-related hazards cause
To support the operationalization of the policy agreement and
severe damages in South-East Europe, and scientists predict
help establish SEE-MHEWS-A, GFDRR technical teams and
that the intensity and frequency of these hazards—and thus their
government counterparts developed a pilot version of a virtual
devastating impacts—will increase as a result of climate change.
Centralized Operational Database (CODB) using an assessment
However, many of the losses and damages that relate to severe of the available data and information as well as flood forecasting
weather are preventable or can be mitigated by forecasts and and early warning capacities of the NMHSs. The SEE-MHEWS-A
warnings that are more specific and timely, and rapidly and platform including the CODB is being hosted by the ECMWF.
clearly communicated nationally and across borders to relevant
Early warning systems require better predictions for hazardous
national stakeholders and those at risk. While South-East
events, which demands setting up sophisticated numerical
European countries have diverse geographies, economies, and
weather prediction models on high-performance computer
cultures, they are united by common weather patterns, shared
systems. GFDRR supported three of the higher capacity
rivers and seas, and cross-border disaster risks.
participating NMHSs and one university in developing high–
In response to these challenges, 18 countries of South-East Europe resolution numerical weather prediction (NWP) models for the
(SEE) are cooperating in the South-East European Multi-Hazard entire region. Cooperation on NWP is one of the most important
Early Warning Advisory System (SEE-MHEWS-A) initiative for aspects in the development of the regional advisory system. The
improving transboundary data exchange and prediction to inform high-resolution NWP models being deployed under the SEE-
national forecasting and warning related to meteorological and MHEWS-A initiative aim to provide accurate and timely forecasts
hydrological hazards, including: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, for severe weather in an extended area around SEE, including
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Jordan, parts of the Middle East. Furthermore, the outputs of these
Lebanon, Montenegro, Moldova, North Macedonia, Romania, models will be used for other system components, particularly
Serbia, Slovenia, Türkiye, and Ukraine. This effort has been hydrological modeling to improve flood forecasting for critical
supported by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the river catchments in the region.
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECWMF),
With GFDRR support, SEE-MHEWS-A is in quasi-operational
and other international development partners, supported by
pilot mode, providing a framework for efficient use of regional
co-financing from the GFDRR (both the GFDRR Multi-Donor Trust
expertise and resources for the common good. The participating
Fund and the EU–World Bank/GFDRR Western Balkans Disaster
countries and partners have indicated their commitment to
Risk Management Programme) and USAID.
fully operationalizing the system and also setting up flood
To help facilitate the establishment of SEE-MHEWS-A, GFDRR forecasting models for all relevant river basins. This significant
supported the development of a data-sharing policy agreement accomplishment has attracted the interest of several regions
in the region—Policy on the Exchange of Hydrological and around the world as a good practice innovation. More
Meteorological Data, Information, Forecasts and Advisories— information can be found at: https://www.see-mhews.org/
which has so far been signed by 14 of the National Meteorological GFDRR will continue to support national governments in sharing
and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) in the region. This will their data to strengthen their response to increasing natural
allow all the countries to access a large quantity of observations hazards.
that are not currently shared and that can be used to improve
30 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Inclusive DRM

CROSS-CUTTING PRIORITY AREA GRANT CONTRIBUTION

98 of 134 73%

Inclusive Disaster Risk

Management and Gender
Equality FUNDING CONTRIBUTION
$31.81M

78%

Panchthupi, West Bengal, India—October 2, 2021; Rescuing flood victims. Photo: © DEVJYOTI BANERJEE.

Objective to scaling up its efforts to promote a Fostering knowledge and learning.

more holistic and strategic approach GFDRR continued to advance its
The impacts of disasters caused by to mainstreaming inclusive disaster analytical agenda through new
natural hazards and climate change risk reduction and management conceptual and policy work that
expose structural inequality and across its trust-funded activities and amplifies the needs and vulnerabilities
exclusion. Shocks often have disparate through its technical assistance and of excluded groups. It continues to focus
effects on vulnerable groups, such as knowledge programs. The portfolio on results in supporting client demand
women, older persons, youth, persons analysis of GFDRR grants approved and to inform, based on evidence, the
with disabilities, and other marginalized in FY22 showed that grants that most effective approaches to inclusive
communities. GFDRR’s strategy for included gender had the largest share DRM approaches. In FY22, various
2021–2025 outlines inclusive disaster (92 percent), followed by citizen knowledge products were produced
risk management (DRM) and gender and disseminated, including (1) a
engagement (70 percent). Grants
equality as a cross-cutting priority guidance note on gender inclusion in
with activities related to disability
area. By mainstreaming inclusion emergency projects; (2) a guidance note
inclusion had the smallest share in
across GFDRR programs and more on how to integrate inclusion as part
the portfolio (15 percent). GFDRR
broadly into World Bank operations and of policy reform operations; and (3) a
continues working to ensure that
policy dialogue, substantial support guidance note on integrating disability
DRM investments go beyond specific
and progress have been achieved. into DRM. In addition, internal and
Being socially inclusive is also one of actions and outcomes that address external knowledge sharing and learning
the strategy’s operating principles. the inclusive dimensions of DRM and events were organized with partners on
Additionally, consultations with World empower vulnerable populations for topics such as gender-based violence
Bank regional task teams and donors, broader resilience strengthening. prevention in DRM projects, gender in
as well as the initial findings from an FY22 indicators for inclusive DRM emergency projects, and training on
inclusive DRM stocktaking exercise, show strong commitment toward the disability inclusion in DRM projects,
show the importance and need to scale proposed targets on gender while among others.
up activities in this area across all highlighting the need to increase focus
GFDRR activities. on actions to address the needs of
Key Activities
persons with disabilities. Of all the
Key Outputs and new GFDRR grants approved in FY22, Inclusive public infrastructure
Outcomes 92 percent were gender-informed; (Honduras and Nicaragua). GFDRR
at least 84 percent included gender is supporting capacity-building
Mainstreaming of inclusion and analysis; and at least 65 percent activities for resilient rehabilitation
gender equality. GFDRR is committed included gender actions. and reconstruction by assisting with
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 31

■ Effectively including all marginalized

groups in DRM policies and
programs requires concerted
efforts to understand and tackle
the obstacles people face when
interacting with their social and
physical environments. Physical,
financial, informational, attitudinal,
institutional, and other barriers
can prevent people from accessing
critical markets, services, and
public spaces with dignity. Shifting
Man with a wheelchair of his grandmother in Jenrok village, Majuro in the Marshall Islands.
Photo: © Vlad Sokhin/World Bank. attention to these hurdles, rather
than focusing on people’s abilities,
the development of assessments and Recommendations from the report enables policy makers and
technical notes that will promote informed the design of the project governments to see marginalized
the “building-back-better” approach by highlighting the importance of (1) groups as agents of change.
in both Honduras and Nicaragua. involving women in disaster response to ■ Addressing the great diversity of
This effort comprises improvements enhance local resilience; (2) including people’s circumstances is essential
in design standards, construction women in all DRM stages to reduce for expanding inclusive approaches
quality, and functionality as well as stereotypes and discrimination about to DRM. Through its grants, GFDRR
the incorporation of climate change women’s roles; and (3) enhancing the has supported World Bank task
mitigation and adaptation measures, participation of women in leadership teams and government counterparts
as appropriate, to investments in roles in urban planning. in developing and implementing
infrastructure such as hospitals, more inclusive approaches to DRM—
shelters, schools, and housing.
Activities involve an inclusive and
Risks and Challenges from training programs to gender
analyses, from guidance notes to
participatory approach, which considers actions on the ground.
A report prepared by GFDRR takes stock
the needs of the poorest and most
of lessons from inclusive DRM projects
vulnerable segments of the population, ■ Developing a holistic approach to
across its portfolio to apply the insights
including women, children, indigenous DRM, one in which GFDRR considers
to our continued engagement in this
populations, and Afro-descendants. An the full range of risks and factors that
sector. From FY16 to FY20, almost two-
e-learning course on universal design add to certain groups’ vulnerability,
thirds of the GFDRR portfolio included will be critically important. One
and gender-based violence training
elements widely understood to fall way to ensure that GFDRR plans
is also being prepared and will be
delivered in 2023. under the umbrella of inclusive DRM. adequately for risks is to put citizens
These factors include gender, disability, and communities—who know the
Gender gap profile for Senegal. As community resilience, and/or citizen dangers all too well—at the center of
part of the preparation of the Senegal engagement. Here are some of the inclusive disaster-risk planning.
Stormwater Management and Climate lessons:
Change Adaptation Project 2, the In line with its 2021–2025 Strategy,
World Bank has worked closely with ■ Including marginalized groups GFDRR is committed to ensuring that
the government of Senegal on the requires promoting opportunities, resilience-building efforts globally
preparation of gender gap analysis abilities, and dignity among account for everyone: women and girls,
based on the framework presented in these groups across all aspects the elderly, persons with disabilities,
GFDRR’s report Gender Dimensions of of DRM policies and programs. It children, low-income families, and
Disaster Risk and Resilience. The report is impossible to reduce disaster other vulnerable or marginalized
generated evidence for the identification risks for everyone if the needs people. Lessons from the stocktaking
of gender gaps and focused on women’s of all population groups are not exercise shape GFDRR’s approach to
disproportionate economic effects addressed. While patterns that drive advancing inclusive DRM and extending
(loss of revenue, reduced accessibility vulnerability to disaster risks can be to our current work. A similar analysis
to jobs) caused by floods as well as tough to assess and quantify, failure will be conducted periodically for the
women’s limited representation in to do so can bear enormous social remainder of the strategy period to
preparedness and recovery processes. and economic costs. continue informing the engagement.
32 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

CROSS-CUTTING PRIORITY AREA

In Focus Integrating Inclusive Disaster Risk Management

Approaches to Project Design for Resilient Recovery in Honduras

Women walking in Tegucigalpa, with Eta storm approaching.Photo: © Vivid imagery | shutterstock.com.

I
n November 2020, Honduras was severely affected by as the Lencas, Maya Chorti, and Tolupán groups, suffered direct
Hurricanes Eta and Iota within two weeks. These two impacts. Some entire communities were destroyed. Major
Category 4 hurricanes caused significant destruction damages were also reported for crops and livestock, affecting
affecting almost 4 million people, including those in food security and livelihoods in areas with a large presence
departments with high shares of Indigenous and Afro- of IPs and Afro-descendants (ADs). Communities of Garifuna
Honduran communities. people in Colón, Atlántida, and Cortés also experienced
extreme flooding, damage to housing, and loss of crops, as well
In the aftermath of a disaster, the recovery process usually as to tourism-oriented community-built infrastructure, which is
presents risks of excluding vulnerable populations and groups their main source of income.
whose interests are traditionally underrepresented—such as
women, elders, youth, persons with disabilities, and sexual In December 2020, a six-year $150 million emergency recovery
and gender minorities—if targeted strategies to ensure their investing project financing was approved to support Honduras’s
engagement are not incorporated into the design of the World response and recovery needs and strengthen its institutional
Bank–financed projects. Moreover, there is a risk of inadequate capacity to manage a resilient and inclusive recovery and
management of gender-based violence, which may severely reconstruction. With the support of a GFDRR Multi-Donor Trust
intensify during disaster contexts. Fund (MDTF) grant, the project incorporates inclusive and
gender-sensitive participatory processes to define priority
Honduras was not an exception. La Mosquitia, home to the investments and throughout project implementation.
Miskito people, was severely impacted by storm surge and
river flooding induced by Eta; other departments were also The project focuses on selected communities affected by
impacted by severe floods. Colón, Atlántida, Cortés, and Santa Hurricanes Eta and Iota. The livelihoods of approximately
Barbara departments, home to such Indigenous Peoples (IPs) 300,000 people have already benefited from the government’s
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 33

In Focus Integrating Inclusive Disaster Risk Management Approaches to Project Design for Resilient
Recovery in Honduras (cont.)

emergency response and relief services through the project.

Additionally, the communities of the country’s most-
affected departments are benefiting from the restoration
and improvement of public services and the resilient
reconstruction of critical infrastructure; these communities
comprise an estimated 800,000 inhabitants or more, of whom
approximately 50 percent are women, including communities
of IPs and ADs.

The project also incorporates inclusive and gender-sensitive

participatory processes to define priority investments. Such
processes are expected to involve, among others, local
authorities and local/municipal risk management committees
and will be tailored for cultural, social, and geographic
specificities in affected Indigenous and Afro-Honduran
communities, as outlined within the Project’s Indigenous
Peoples and Afro-descendant Plan. An inclusive design will
contribute throughout project implementation to strengthen
the links between communities and local government for an
inclusive and resilient recovery. These activities will also
endeavor to support high-intensity local labor operations to
boost employment and adopt efficient engineering techniques—
such as the use of bailey or modular bridges—to ensure that La Lima, Honduras, 1 day after Hurricane Iota. Photo: © Herbert Soriano | Dreamstime.com.
vital connections are rapidly restored. The project’s social
assessment may identify potential community groups that efforts. The project will also support the development of
would benefit from labor and short-term training that they social management procedures/codes of practice, which
may need prior to the construction. Moreover, principles of will specifically cover gender-based violence and sexual
universal design that allow access for persons with disabilities exploitation as well as abuse risk management procedures; it
will be followed in all rehabilitation and reconstruction will also include a workers’ code of conduct.

Lessons Although the design of emergency recovery operations should be kept relatively simple and flexible, it is
Learned critical that it reflect the priorities of the affected area and communities and the specific needs of women,
the elderly, and other vulnerable groups such as IPs and ADs. The design of emergency recovery projects
should not focus on the identification and selection of beneficiaries, but rather on developing recovery
priorities based on broad consultations with vulnerable groups. Empowering citizens and communities,
particularly those most excluded, and supporting community participation can improve resilience to
disasters, better development outcomes, and more sustainable interventions.

Post-disaster recovery presents a tangible opportunity to build back better and reduce the underlying
factors that contribute to the disproportionate risks faced by the poorest and most vulnerable. Honduras’s
overall exposure and its vulnerability to adverse natural events remain very high. However, its post-disaster
response to Hurricanes Eta and Iota shows, when looking 14 years back after Hurricane Mitch, that it has
gradually transitioned from a reactive disaster-focused approach to a more integrated, inclusive, and
resilient recovery.

By promoting an inclusive design, the emergency recovery project considers the different needs of
vulnerable populations including IPs, ADs, and women. It includes them to define priority investments and
in other recovery activities that will benefit the most vulnerable communities, ultimately improving the
development outcomes of the project and slowly building more inclusive and resilient societies for all.
34 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

USAID

In Focus Identifying
Opportunities to Enhance
Community Resilience in
South Sudan

S
ince its independence in 2011, South Sudan—the
youngest sovereign country in Africa—has suffered
both droughts (in 2011 and 2015) and floods (in
2014, 2017, 2019, 2020, and 2021). Following decades of
View of Juba, South Sudan. Photo: © John Wollwerth | Dreamstime.com
underdevelopment, armed conflicts, and violence, communities
were hit hard by three consecutive years of severe flooding
(2019–2021) and COVID-19, which led to increased and used as one mechanism for communities to anticipate and
combined disaster and conflict-induced displacement, which prepare for floods. However, this knowledge has yet to be
in many affected areas compounded the dire humanitarian integrated into early warning systems and formal coordination
situation and aggravated food insecurity. mechanisms.

As a result, stakeholders questioned how to best support The findings and recommendations of the analysis have been
communities in building disaster risk management (DRM) used to inform the design and implementation of flood risk
and preparedness capacities so that emergency responses reduction infrastructure and capacity building for DRM under
are no longer the primary source of interventions provided. the Enhancing Community Resilience and Local Governance
To improve the understanding of flood risk in South Sudan Project Phase II. Also, the project will benefit from CBDRM
and enhance disaster preparedness following the devastating interventions, identified as best practices and documented for
seasonal floods, GFDRR provided financial and technical replication and scaling up, including: (1) use of local knowledge
support to the development of a Field Validation and Analysis to for community-based flood early warning; (2) participatory
of Community-Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) to risk mapping, analysis, and training for emergency
complement the remote and geodata-informed Flood Damage preparedness and response; (3) mobilization of community
and Needs Assessment (FDNA) of the 2020 seasonal floods. members to build and reconstruct dykes using locally available
materials; (4) establishment of DRM committees at different
The analysis found that South Sudan has in place several levels—state, county, and community levels; and (5) facilitation
policies and legal frameworks to facilitate CBDRM and promote of constructive interaction between communities and the
a decentralized approach that empowers local governance county government. The analysis has also been used to identify
institutions to better prepare for and respond to floods, entry points to incorporate CBDRM into DRM policy and
including the country’s transitional constitution, the National regulatory reforms.
Adaptations Programme of Actions (NAPA) to climate change
(2016), the South Sudan National Environmental Act (2015),
and the Local Government Act (2009). Building on this Lessons The FCV context of South Sudan, has made
it difficult to address all government and
enabling framework, the bulk of the assessment centered on Learned community needs and initiatives. As a result,
identifying challenges and opportunities for implementing
taking a long-term disaster and climate-
CBDRM in South Sudan.
risk-informed development approach,
Results from the report showed that, while CBDRM approaches combined with emergency preparedness
have been attempted in the past, primarily by creating DDRM and response, will be critical in supporting
committees and support for building community dykes and community and national-level resilience in
emergency shelters, these efforts have been implemented in an the face of hazards such as floods. Long-
ad hoc manner. More concretely, the analysis highlighted that term sustainability of interventions such as
while women and youth often bear tremendous responsibility CBDRM leverages local knowledge and first-
in flood-affected communities, including caring for vulnerable hand experience with disasters to identify
household members, as well as building and maintaining dykes, responsive, effective, and relevant solutions
they continue to be marginalized in local decision-making. to preparing for disasters and mitigating
The same is true for ethnic groups, with their knowledge often their impact.
 DRM-FCV Nexus
/ 35

GRANT CONTRIBUTION
CROSS-CUTTING PRIORITY AREA
36 of 134 27%

Addressing the Disaster-

Conflict Nexus
FUNDING CONTRIBUTION
$15.07M

37%

Haitians collect metal scraps from the rubble of a telecommunications building destroyed by the earthquake. Photo: © 1001nights | istock.com.

Objective Nexus, GFDRR aims to boost resilience several teams within the World Bank
against disasters by enabling cross- Group. It collaborates with GFDRR’s
Fragile and conflict-affected states fertilization of DRM efforts and conflict disaster risk financing analytics and
are more vulnerable to disaster risks prevention and peacebuilding initiatives digital Earth partnership thematic
and are impacted disproportionally by in conflict-affected countries, create areas to determine how to improve
natural and economic shocks. By 2030, integrated risk analysis tools that can the data used in its integrated risk
it is expected that two-thirds of the assist World Bank partner countries in analysis. It also works in tandem with
world’s extreme poor will be living in integrating DRM and FCV risks into their GFDRR’s resilient housing team to
countries where fragility and conflict disaster risk reduction interventions, explore housing policy options that
have become the norm. and make the close connection between can help destination countries respond
disasters and conflict a more prominent rapidly—and sustainably—to the influx
Disasters, conflicts, and fragility priority in recovery and reconstruction of migrants and refugees fleeing their
are mutually reinforcing: countries homes. Another key collaboration
responses.
associated with fragility, conflict, and involves the World Bank’s Global Crisis
violence (FCV) have seen heightened Risk Platform, which the DRM-FCV
disaster vulnerability risks due to Key Outputs, Activities, nexus works with to harmonize efforts
weakened government capacity, and Outcomes on the development of a conceptual
deprioritization of investments in framework of disaster-conflict risks.
resilient infrastructure, and low levels of Advancing the relationship between
disaster preparedness. In turn, disaster DRM and FCV through analytical work. Raising visibility of the DRM-FCV
risks can exacerbate pre-existing Analytical work funded by the DRM- nexus agenda in the global sphere.
tensions, thereby increasing the risk FCV nexus has influenced the design GFDRR has actively promoted the
of violence, exclusion, and social and of in-country World Bank operations in importance of the DRM-FCV connection
political tensions. Somalia, South Sudan, and Tajikistan, within the World Bank, including
to name a few examples. through events such as the GFDRR
GFDRR recognizes that an approach Partnership Days and the World Bank
that considers disaster risks in isolation Strengthening collaboration with 2022 Fragility Forum. In May 2022,
is far from productive and that an other areas within GFDRR and the GFDRR co-hosted the 5th World
integrated strategy that treats disasters, World Bank. Advisory services have Reconstruction Conference (WRC5),
conflict, and climate as interrelated benefited from the wealth of knowledge an event held in the run-up to the 7th
factors is urgently needed. Under its generated by these analytical products. Session of the Global Platform for
Disaster Risk Management (DRM)– In assisting FCV countries, the DRM- Disaster Risk Reduction (GPDRR) that
Fragility, Conflict, and Violence (FCV) FCV nexus thematic area partners with had a particular focus on recovery from
36 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

A community-centered awareness
campaign about the hurricane
season in Haiti. In Haiti, where weak
institutions, a languishing economy,
and lack of transparency have fueled
popular discontent, GFDRR partnered
with the World Bank’s Mind, Behavior,
and Development Unit to conduct
a study identifying the behavioral
barriers to emergency evacuation in
the country and found that people’s
distrust of the government was a major
hindrance to preventive efforts. Aided
by these findings, GFDRR assisted
the government in involving citizens
as active participants—instead of
passive beneficiaries—in devising a
knowledge campaign in preparation
for the hurricane season. The
innovative campaign reached more
than 4 million people—or almost half
of Haiti’s population—in the country’s
most at-risk areas and ultimately
Young woman with her child in Serewa, Kenya. Photo: © Komelau | Dreamstime.com.
contributed to a constructive dialogue
interconnected disaster-conflict events. interplay of frequent droughts and with the government and strengthened
GFDRR also co-organized, with the different forms of communal and armed confidence in DRM institutions.
International Federation of Red Cross conflict over natural resources. They Spatial and sectoral data collection
and Red Crescent Societies, a GPDRR also host over half a million displaced in Gaza. Ongoing water and electricity
side event titled When Conflict, Climate people from neighboring countries. crises make DRM efforts more
Change and COVID-19 Collide: Building To build resilience, GFDRR adopted a complicated and the overall living
Resilience in Complex Emergencies.
community-led approach in developing situation more dire in Gaza. GFDRR
an integrated framework to assess the trained Gaza officials virtually on DRM
Key Activities intersecting risks of violence, disasters, and resilience planning and collected
and climate change. urban spatial and sectoral data, which
An in-depth analysis of the challenges
and opportunities that lie at the nexus
of DRM and FCV in South Sudan. One
of the findings of the analysis conducted
in all 10 states of the country is that, in
several communities, the increase in the
severity of floods and droughts appears
to have contributed to a rise in the
number of community-level conflicts.
The findings are expected to guide the
development of a comprehensive DRM
strategy for South Sudan, a country
that has experienced conflict since its
independence in 2011.

A community-centered risk
assessment framework in Kenya. The
northern and northeastern regions of
Kenya have been dealing with a complex Kenya—New pavement in Starehe Constituency. Photo: © Africa786 | Dreamstime.com.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 37

were used to inform the preparation of instance, do not recognize the need to to be appropriate in FCV contexts;
Gaza’s City Development Plan. address the DRM-FCV nexus or provide and (3) an inherent policy gap in
specific solutions for it under their understanding and addressing how the
Resilient recovery in Lebanon. The disaster-conflict link manifests in these
developmental and budgetary planning.
effects of compounding economic, various weaknesses. It is important
financial, social, and political crises A portfolio analysis of World Bank to recognize that ignoring the impact
continue to play out in Lebanon following projects from FY15 to FY22 showed of conflict can do more harm than
the 2020 Port of Beirut explosion. With that projects in countries classified good: if DRM interventions do not
support from the Lebanon Financing as DRM-FCV took twice as long to incorporate conflict issues in countries
Facility, GFDRR is supporting resilient implement than those in “non-nexus” plagued by fragility and violence, they
recovery of damaged historical countries, as they overshot their are likely to be ineffective at best and
housing and cultural and creative planned completion times by an counterproductive at worst. Conflict-
industries to revive the social fabric of average of 10 months.12 Vastly depleted blind responses to disasters can deepen
affected neighborhoods in Beirut. The government capacities, physical grievances and existing pressures
rehabilitation activities are rooted in insecurity, political fragmentation, lack between different social groups.
a longer-term urban recovery strategy of public sector initiative, inadequate
implementation collaboration between Despite these challenges, GFDRR
for the city, and closely linked with the
civil society and the private sector, recognizes that it must step up to
community to promote transparency and
and lack of policies and institutional the plate and adopt an approach that
sustainability.
and resource commitments to disaster accounts for the intertwined risks of
preparedness and response systems climate change, disasters, and conflicts.
Risks and Challenges are some of the reasons behind these Its DRM-FCV nexus is a response to this
general lack of systematic inclusion
Despite the strong link established longer implementation times. The
of conflict considerations for DRM in
between disasters and conflicts, DRM key underlying causes, however, are
FCV contexts. Through the integrated
work largely remains conflict-neutral as follows: (1) a lack of opportunity
solutions it develops, pilots, and
and even conflict-blind. There remains to highlight the importance of, and
scales up under the DRM-FCV nexus,
a tendency to view DRM and FCV as engage in, DRM support in FCV contexts;
GFDRR aims to reorient its DRM efforts
(2) a need to tailor DRM approaches
independent issues and overlook the and make them more effective at
potential interactions of disaster risks addressing the needs of people living
12
A portfolio review of a sample of 136 World
with FCV issues. Most developing Bank Group projects was conducted to better in environments affected by fragility,
countries with limited resources, for understand investments in FCV countries. conflict, and violence.

Gaza Strip seen from space. Photo: © Claudia Weinmann / Alamy Stock Photo.
38 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

CROSS-CUTTING AREA

In Focus The Challenge in Building Urban Resilience in an FCV

Context in Gaza City

Gaza City Fishing Port. Photo: © World Bank/ Hoel, Arne.

P
reparing for and responding to disaster hazards in energy and communications networks, and transportation.13
situations of fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV) adds Furthermore, municipal authorities and urban planning experts
another level of complexity and hazards for disaster in Gaza face stringent technological restrictions on access to
risk management (DRM) experts and practitioners. This has certain urban planning tools and technology that are vital to
been a reality for urban planners in cities in the West Bank tracking urban growth, fulfilling operations and maintenance
and Gaza, as their ability to develop and provide adequate (O&M) tasks, and identifying exposure to disaster hazards.
urban services—including disaster planning and response The volatile nature of this conflict makes long-term planning
mechanisms—is being outpaced by a rapidly growing urban extremely difficult, as any progress can be negated by a sudden
population. Gaza City presents a series of unique challenges surge in hostilities.
due to the ongoing conflict, resulting in a humanitarian crisis,
As a result of restrictions on access to modern data management
continuous large-scale damage to urban services, and a severe and urban planning tools—such as orthophotos, ground
economic situation limiting the municipality’s functionality. penetrating radar (GPR), surveying equipment, and so on—as
This is compounded by rapid urbanization and worsening well as the inability to travel and collect best practices from
environmental conditions. All of these factors have left the other disaster management experts, it has been very difficult
city in a state of constant emergency. Any rise in tension for Gaza City urban planners to gain the knowledge and
between Gaza and Israel increases the potential for destructive expertise necessary to keep pace with the city’s growing urban
escalation, and the region has been the frequent target of and DRM challenges. The lack of available data has precluded
airstrikes during surges in conflict in 2014, 2019, and 2021.
World Bank, European Union, United Nations. 2021. Gaza Rapid Damage
13
Because of Gaza City’s high population density, these airstrikes
and Needs Assessment, June 2021. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World
regularly damage or destroy key urban infrastructure, including Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/35968
hospitals and health centers, water and sanitation facilities, License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 39

In Focus The challenge in building urban resilience in an FCV context in Gaza City (cont.)

government authorities such as the Gaza City Municipality

from developing a much-needed city master plan and, in turn,
Lessons The challenges in developing urban
resilience in Gaza City are inextricably
emergency response plans aimed at improving urban resilience. Learned tied to the ongoing conflict and the
The Gaza City municipal government has been working with difficulty of long-term planning in a
the World Bank’s Integrated Cities and Urban Development volatile environment. In this context,
(ICUD) to build its expertise in order to plan for sustainable responses to both conflict- and nature-
urban growth based on digital data and capacity-building. In the induced shocks have significant
context of this cooperation, GFDRR has contributed a component interlinkages and require a proactive
dedicated specifically to improving the resilience of urban
approach to mitigate the impact of
systems to chronic and acute shocks to ensure the continuity of
these shocks as much as possible.
basic services to Gaza residents, especially the poor and most
Disaggregated, quality, and actionable
vulnerable, whether these shocks are caused by natural disasters
urban data can make a significant
or the resumption of hostilities. This technical assistance was
difference in preparing for and
provided under GFDRR’s Improving Resilience of Urban Service
Systems for Gaza City activity. responding to these emergencies, but
just as important is the ability to access
GFDRR’s intervention focused on addressing the challenges the latest developments and analytical
of outdated data by updating existing databases at the Gaza capacities to better process and use these
City municipal level, addressing data gaps, conducting spatial data. Hence, it is vital to use all available
and sectoral analysis, and supporting an assessment of DRM means of communication with policy
capacities for Gaza City—including conducting risk analytics for makers and stakeholders, especially
flooding hazards and beach contamination and erosion. As a in FCV contexts, to maintain access to
result of the extensive data collection activities and the technical critical expertise. Despite this being a
analysis provided under this activity, the Gaza City Municipality World Bank–implemented activity, it is
has been able to increase its capacities to address weaknesses important to place the client at the center
in municipal-level resilience and to develop a resilience plan. of these activities in order to generate a
Training sessions were provided on basic DRM concepts as well sense of ownership and interest to make
as hazard mapping, which were found to be especially helpful full use of the outputs.
by city officials as they start to re-think how they can integrate
resilient planning throughout Gaza City.

A resilience training course was given via weekly online (not in

person because of pandemic-related closures) sessions for Gaza
municipal and ministerial staff. A Gaza City Resilience Plan and
35 hazard, exposure, and vulnerability maps were developed
in collaboration with the municipality, resulting in a wealth of
additional knowledge resources. The activities, reports, and
municipal data produced under this activity were all shared with
the municipality and the Ministry of Local Government, creating
a new repository of accurate data that can be used in the
development of Gaza City’s resilience plan and the master and
strategic development plan under the parent ICUD activity.
An interview with Ayman A. Abu Shaban, GIS
The ICUD parent project is working with the Gaza City Director, Gaza Municipality on how progress
Municipality to build on the data gathered and to use these data is being made toward improving resilience of
for more resilient and informed interventions in the municipality. urban services can be viewed here.
The World Bank team is also looking for additional funding to
support the municipality’s efforts to implement some of the
activities being identified in the Resilience Plan.

The municipality continues to use these data, layers, and map to

further refine its resilience plan.
Girls at school in Juba, South Sudan. Photo: © Richard Juilliart.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 41

In-Country Engagements
Core to GFDRR’s vision is helping countries bring resilience to scale.
Active grants in FY22 covered 47 countries across all six regions.
 42 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Africa
Africa

New
grants
$6.6M

Active grants
$10.8M

Aerial view of Dakar, Senegal. Photo: © IgorSPb | Dreamstime.com.

New
Active grants 35 grants percent of its national GDP.15 Tropical allocation in the Africa region focused
23 Depression Invest 93S, formed to the on informing new lending operations to
northeast of Madagascar, intensified incorporate disaster risk management
Africa has been highly exposed to into tropical storm Ana; it generated (DRM) or leveraging new DRM
climate events, with floods representing average direct damages estimated investments.
76 percent of the total number of at $157 million for Mozambique and
events affecting the region in the last $256 million for Malawi, affecting Risk-Informed Decision-
20 years.14 Climate events such as more than 185,429 people. Climate Making
extensive floods, tropical cyclones, and disasters compounded with the
COVID-19 crisis, conflicts, growing GFDRR funded the country climate
droughts persist as the main threats
macroeconomic imbalances, inflation, resilience assessments that have
to the Sub-Saharan population and
and food insecurity could push 40 informed the World Bank’s core
the region’s economic development
million vulnerable people back to documents—such as its Systematic
and ecosystems. Weather events that
extreme poverty and undermine Africa’s Country Diagnostics, Country
are more severe, combined with rapid
development progress. Partnership Frameworks, Country
urbanization, inadequate territorial
Economic Memorandums, and
planning, and land subsidence driven by
Approach Urbanization Reviews. These
overdrawing groundwater have caused
assessments also contributed to the
huge losses of lives and infrastructure in
GFDRR’s strategy for building resilience new Country Climate and Development
the region. From August to September
in Africa is structured around four Reports (CCDRs) in Angola, Cameroon,
2021, severe rains caused flooding in
pillars, aligned with the World Bank Chad, and the Sahel. GFDRR’s
West and Central Africa that affected
Africa Strategy 2019–2023 through the technical assistance supports the
1.4 million people in 15 countries. And
Supporting Climate Change Mitigation policy and institutional reforms for
between January and February 2022,
and Adaptation pillar.16 GFDRR funding improving DRM at the country level.
Madagascar was hit by four tropical
In Senegal, GFDRR has supported the
storm systems—Invest 93S, Batsirai, 15
GRADE Report Madagascar (January 22– review and formulation of legislative,
Dumako, and Emnati—causing $658 February 23, 2022): Tropical Depression
institutional, financial, and sectoral
million in damage, equivalent to 4.8 Invest 93S, Tropical Cyclone Batsirai,
Moderate Tropical Storm Dumako and policy and strategic documents—in
Tropical Cyclone Emnati. particular, the National Disaster Risk
16
For more information about this strategy, Reduction (NDRR) Strategy and the
see https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/ plan to operationalize it, as well as a
EM-DAT The International Disaster Database.
14
doc/485321579731572916-0010022020/
country DRM diagnostic. In Rwanda,
https://www.emdat.be/. original/AFRECStrategyTrifoldBrochure.pdf.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 43

GFDRR has supported the government Figure 1 DRM Analytics in Sub-Saharan Africa, FY19–FY22, World Bank
of Kigali in detailing requirements for
water monitoring, water discharge,
and rainfall monitoring equipment
specifications. Equipment will
be located and installed for data
collection, and also used to calibrate
a hydrological/hydrodynamic model
to inform the implementation and
development of Kigali’s Stormwater and
Management Master Plan.

In Cameroon, Niger, and Sudan, a

comprehensive analysis was made
of the evolution of exposure to
flood risk hazards. A report laid out
global flood hazard and the extent
of settlements over time, and it
also analyzed Africa-wide trends in
settlements and population exposed
to flooding from 1985 to today. The
report, which included a more detailed
analysis of these trends for the three
countries, helped to enhance the
communities. In Malawi, GFDRR also supported Kigali’s nature-based
capacity of governments for emergency
financed a flood risk assessment for solutions study, which resulted in
preparedness and response.
Lilongwe, and the results were delivered recommendations for upgrading sites
to the Lilongwe City Council to inform under the investment project.
Reducing Risk and the city’s strategic urban planning.
Mainstreaming Disaster Risk
In Mozambique, GFDRR supported Financial Preparedness to
Management
the production of relevant knowledge Manage Disaster and Climate
To further improve and strengthen products on climate risk to inform the Shocks
national and subnational governments’ planning and design of urban housing
capacity in formulating risk-informed improvements and to mainstream In Cabo Verde, GFDRR supported a
policy and implementing DRM climate considerations to improve training program for strengthening
investments, GFDRR also supported the country’s urban resilient housing disaster risk financing skills among
the production of risk profiles and guidelines. In Madagascar, GFDRR Ministry of Finance officials,18 as well as
hazard maps in many countries. For supported a study on risk-informed staff from other line ministries such as
instance, in Tanzania, GFDRR funded urban design and the integration the National Directorate of Health, the
the completion of 12 multi-hazard of green infrastructure for Greater National Service for Civil Protection,
risk profiles for the Tanzania Cities Antananarivo. The study has been and representatives of the Ministry
Transforming Infrastructure and delivered to the government and of Environment and Agriculture. The
Competitiveness (TACTIC) project.17 will inform investments under the staff participated in three workshops
These profiles have improved both the ongoing Integrated Urban Development
data and understanding of flood risks and Resilience Project for Greater Participants in the workshops were: General
18

and the design and location of planned Antananarivo. Similarly, in Rwanda, Directorate of Treasury (Risk Management
infrastructure; they are assisting Service and Financial Operation Management
GFDRR provided technical assistance
local governments’ city infrastructure Service), National Directorate of Planning
to uptake recommendations from the (Macroeconomic Forecasting, Monitoring and
programs in their response to flood stormwater and wetland management Statistics Service and Strategic Planning,
risks and resettlement of flood-prone model to include planning flood risk Monitoring and Evaluation Service), National
reduction investments at selected Directorate of Budget and Public Accounting
The cities with completed profiles are Arusha,
17
(Budget Service and Public Accounting
Dodoma, Geita, Kahama, Kigoma, Mbeya,
critical subcatchments in Kigali and Service), National Directorate of State Revenue
Morogoro, Mwanza, Songea, Sumbawanga, wetland rehabilitation into the Second (General Directorate of Customs), and General
Tabora, and Llemela. Rwanda Urban Development. Funding Directorate of Contributions and Taxes.
44 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

of the country teams, have led to the

development of country gender profiles
for Ethiopia and Senegal.19 This cross-
collaboration includes an overview
of disasters that have impacted the
country and the gender characteristics
and linkages between them.

Addressing the Disaster-

Conflict Nexus
GFDRR supported the development
of a conceptual framework in disaster
preparedness and resilience in
contexts affected by fragility, conflict,
Mozambique, people wait in line at a medical tent after Cyclone Idai. Photo: © Charl Folscher. and violence (FCV) and facilitated a
collaboration with internally displaced
where they learned to incorporate fiscal $120 million Enhancing Community persons (IDPs) in selected communities
risks associated with disasters and Resilience and Local Governance Project living in relocation sites in northern
climate-related shocks within a broader Phase II for South Sudan. Mozambique to undertake disaster risk
fiscal risk management strategy, which assessment. The selected respondents
GFDRR also supported the formulation
resulted in the establishment of a high- at each of the 11 IDP relocation
level Risk Management Committee in the of the Crisis Preparedness Gap
Analysis—a high-level multi-sectoral sites in Cabo Delgado Province and
Ministry of Finance to facilitate this task. the host community in the target
Moreover, continuous support has been baselining exercise that aims to
assess the crisis preparedness of the districts represent youth, adolescent
provided to the National Emergency
government—for Uganda. This analysis girls, women, and men. Of a total of
Fund to update its operational manual
serves as a comprehensive, cross- 306 respondents who participated
based on past years’ audit reports and
sectoral overview of a country’s capacity in the focus group discussions, 65
lessons learned from budget execution
to prepare for crises and highlights entry percent were female. As a result, a
during the COVID-19 response.
points for strengthening preparedness. comprehensive report on natural
It is designed to be carried out by hazards, gender-based violence (GBV)
Disaster Preparedness and an external team of experts in close risk, and COVID-19 assessment affecting
Resilient Recovery collaboration with relevant global IDPs living in relocation sites was
GFDRR continues to support affected practices. produced. Similarly, in Chad, GFDRR
countries to conduct disaster needs funded an integrated fragility analysis
assessment and recovery planning. Inclusive Disaster Risk and needs assessment of vulnerable
GFDRR delivered five Global RApid post- and displaced persons, with a special
Management and Gender
disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) focus on women, to improve flood risk
Equality management and urban resilience
reports to assess: (1) the 2021 floods
in Burundi and South Sudan; (2) 2022 The World Bank’s Africa DRM teams in the city of N’Djamena. Given the
tropical storm Ana for Mozambique have further developed an analytical significant damage, loss, and disruption
and Malawi; and (3) the overall 2022 work to understand key issues and in its conflict-affected areas and the
impact of tropical storms of different bottlenecks that women face in opportunities to build back better, in
categories Invest 93S, Batsirai, pre-disaster, during the disaster, and Ethiopia GFDRR is financing efforts
Dumako, and Emnati for Madagascar. post-disaster situations. As a result, to ensure that post-conflict recovery
Following the completion of a rapid a guidance note on how to identify and reconstruction are conducted in
impact assessment, GFDRR developed a gender gaps in DRM operations was a disaster-resilient manner. Activities
geographic information system (GIS)- developed to guide DRM operational include building the capacity of the
based targeting methodology combining teams on how to develop a gender Ethiopian DRM Commission and
different flood hazard and exposure data analysis and identify gender gaps in undertaking a geospatial analysis of
to identify priority areas for flood risk their projects and where to find data IDPs and returnees’ movements due to
reduction investments and institutional sources to support the identified
strengthening for DRM under the gaps. The guidelines, with the support These profiles are not yet published.
19
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 45

AFRICA

Engagement Highlights
conflict and their changes in exposure to the project target areas. Around
floods and droughts. 300 students from ISAU will also
participate in the project’s GIS data
■ In Côte d’Ivoire, GFDRR supported
collection activities. The project will
a knowledge exchange between
benefit from a collaboration with a
the World Bank’s Urban Resilience
Geo Imaging Satellite (GISAT) firm
Project Team and the University of
through the European Space Agency,
Felix in Côte d’Ivoire, four Tanzanian
specifically to develop a machine
universities, and the University of
learning model to detect urban
Turku in Finland to scale up the
vegetation spaces and produce a
lessons from the Resilience Academy Flooding of the Nile River in Sudan. Photo: © Abd_
related baseline output. Almohimen_Sayed | shutterstock.com.
in Tanzania on the use of the urban
resilience tool to enhance data ■ In Zimbabwe, GFDRR supported the
develop county-level hydrological
collection and land management World Bank team in the development
profiles that consider the climatic
procedures and systems for improved and validation of a Composite
conditions, physical characteristics,
urban resilience. The activity has Drought Index (CDI). The CDI is a
and hydrological processes of the
increased awareness and ownership fit-for-purpose innovative approach
respective subcatchments. In addition,
of the Resilience Academy’s that maps drought vulnerability and
GFDRR’s funding also supports the
approach and enabled counterparts mitigation capacities at a district
country’s Ministry of Humanitarian
in Côte d’Ivoire to plan that country’s level. The country’s Department of
Affairs and Disaster Management
own roadmap and strategy for its Civil Protection has already been
with state-level consultations and
implementation to build long-term trained in the use of the CDI and
validations to advance the finalization
capacity for the production and use has been using the CDI to inform its
of the South Sudan DRM Bill.
of risk information informing the national DRM plans. The department
$315 million Urban Resilience and is in the process of advancing the ■ In Mozambique, tropical storms
Solid Waste Management Project. development of DRM information destroy an average of 500 classrooms
management systems. The system is per year. The World Bank, together
■ In the Democratic Republic of
expected to improve data collection, with GFDRR, worked with the
Congo, GFDRR is supporting the
management, and utilization at government to develop resilient school
capacity building of local institutions
national and subnational levels, and classroom designs for new builds and
and the young population the city
will facilitate the development of existing structures, and supported
of Kinshasa on the use of the Earth
district DRM plans led by local staff. the construction of resilient school
observation data and services for
buildings across the country, providing
enhanced DRM and urban resilience ■ In South Sudan, GFDRR is contributing
more than 3,700 storm-resilient
outcomes. This activity supports to compiling the existing geodata of
classrooms.
the implementation of the Kinshasa the five pre-identified target counties
Multisector Development and Urban under the Enhancing Community ■ In Accra, Ghana, GFDRR is working
Resilience Project, referred to as Resilience and Local Governance with the World Bank team to co-
the Kin Elenda Project, and focuses Project Phase II to provide a concise lead lead a national-level endeavor,
on adaptation strategies, including and graphic overview of the counties’ co-funded with the trust fund
flood and erosion risk-mitigation key features. These include (1) PROBLUE, to establish the investment
measures. The team works with geographic, topographic, and climatic requirements for the entire solid
key partners such as the Kinshasa conditions; (2) hydrometeorological waste management system. In Maputo,
Urban Development Unit (CDUK), hazards; (3) population and Mozambique, GFDRR is initiating
the Kinshasa Provincial Agency displacement data; (4) settlement a business modeling exercise for
for Digital Development, and the structure; (5) community infrastructure proposed new sanitary landfills, and
Higher Institute of Architecture and and services; (6) socioeconomic similar work in several African cities
City Planning (ISAU), as well as the conditions; and (7) transport, is allowing for the incorporation of
upcoming CDUK’s Urban Observatory, road networks, and accessibility. lessons learned into the terms of
to help tackle erosion risks in The technical assistance will also reference and oversight approaches.
 46 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

AFRICA

Lessons Learned
Enhanced capacity to prepare for and respond to various vulnerabilities of people in urban areas—including
disasters and climate shocks continues to be crucial for those in informal settlements—can help protect the built
many countries in Africa to protect their development environment as well as people’s well-being from disasters.
gains. Ensuring sufficient capacity involves strengthening As countries urbanize rapidly in Africa, integrated solutions
policies and institutions for early warning and emergency for urban resilience need to be introduced and scaled
response, as well as enhancing capacity for planning faster up. Disaster impacts on the physical environment and
recovery. In addition, countries are increasingly realizing socioeconomic well-being of urban residents can be one
the importance of putting into place ex-ante financial of the largest bottlenecks hampering the productivity and
mechanisms to plan for various types of shocks that may livability of cities. In the longer term, cities can significantly
strike them and put vulnerable people into poverty. benefit from applying risk-informed land use planning and
improving standards for resilient infrastructure.
Conducting risk assessments during the early phases
of investment planning and understanding social

Mozambique. Photo: © World Bank.

 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 47

AFRICA

In Focus Informing Resilient

Recovery Policy, Planning,
and Investments in Freetown,
Sierra Leone Aftermath of the landslide near Freetown, Sierra Leone. Photo: © GFDRR.

S
ierra Leone is highly exposed to a variety of climate and to the establishment of Sierra Leone’s new National Disaster
disaster risks. This exposure has complicated or hindered Management Authority (NDMA).
its recovery from events such as a decade-long civil war;
The new NDMA was inaugurated in 2020, informed by technical
a severe economic downturn, which impacted the country’s
assistance from GFDRR to support institutional strengthening.
ability to export ore—a primary export—and sharply contracted
GFDRR technical assistance also helped informed the design of
its economy; and an outbreak of the Ebola virus. The country’s
the Resilient Urban Sierra Leone Project, which prioritized the
capacities to prepare for and respond to disasters have remained
identification of neighborhoods to upgrade as well as priority
severely constrained by a lack of resources and have not kept
areas for tree-planting activities across the city to increase
pace with the increasing frequency of disasters. Furthermore,
slope stability and reduce flood risk. Ongoing technical
growing urbanization has led to rising numbers of people
assistance is being delivered to enhance early warning systems
moving to urban centers. Expanding informal neighborhoods,
and emergency preparedness and response drills. In addition,
which house over 30 percent of Freetown households, often sit
a Building Regulation and Capacity Assessment is ongoing;
in floodplains and have little access to public services or basic
this will inform the design of a digital building permit system
utilities.
platform and update the building code.
The consequences of rapid unplanned urban expansion have
Sierra Leone’s dedication to addressing long-term resilience
been devastating. On August 14, 2017, three days of heavy
in the aftermath of the landslide has greatly improved the
rains and flooding triggered the partial collapse of Sugar Loaf
quality of the resources at the disposal of the government’s
Mountain, which overlooks Freetown. The resulting mudslide
disaster response apparatus. Other developments concurred
devastated downstream neighborhoods, causing the deaths of
with the inauguration of the NDMA, including the update of the
1,141 people as well as the widespread destruction of schools,
country’s National Disaster Risk Management Policy to better
health facilities, and roads. A rapid Damage and Loss Assessment
adapt the NDMA to changing ground conditions and flexible
(DaLA), carried out after the landslide with support from the
institutional arrangements, providing expertise in the areas
World Bank in partnership with the United Nations, estimated the
of emergency preparedness and response, as well as early
total economic value of damages at over $31.65 million.
warning and hydromet systems.
The DaLA, which was requested by the government of Sierra
Leone, laid out a series of recommendations to ultimately Lessons Sierra Leone has demonstrated the
strengthen the country’s long-term resilience against transformational impact that emphasis on
future natural hazards and enduring risks. Based on these
Learned long-term resilience can have, as well as the
recommendations, the government established a framework importance of adopting a culture of resilience
that would strengthen its capacities and provide new resources and preparedness in government planning.
for disaster risk management (DRM) institutions. The process of coordinating these efforts
across government institutions has made
GFDRR was instrumental in mobilizing trust fund resources
it much easier to address the cross-cutting
to produce high-quality technical assistance products to
issues that contributed to the landslide,
the government of Sierra Leone, including a series of multi-
such as the impact of rapid urban growth on
hazard review and risk assessments, which provide a detailed
increased disaster risks. The government
overview of disaster hazards in the cities of Freetown, Makeni,
has already begun to focus on these issues
and Bo. These assessments also consider a range of DRM
through new technical assistance requests,
options that can save lives and reduce economic losses caused
including a new initiative funded by GFDRR
by flooding and other hazards.
that aims to strengthen the understanding of
These outputs were delivered in the context of the World legal and regulatory frameworks applied for
Bank–funded Freetown Emergency Recovery Project and had built environment and land use planning and
positive impacts on its implementation, especially with regard permitting.
 48 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

East Asia and

Pacific
East Asia and Pacific

New
grants
Active $4.0M
grants
$5.6M

Active grants 27 New grants 20

Vanuatu—Aftermath of Tropical Cyclone Harold. © World Bank.

The East Asia and Pacific (EAP) region support resilient tourism development, urban drainage and nature-based
has faced multiple disasters during the and improve capacity in the recovery solutions. To prepare the strategy,
ongoing COVID-19 pandemic including systems of local governing bodies flood risk and hazard models are being
floods, tropical cyclones, landslides, particularly in countries such as developed to update city-level plans
volcanic eruptions, and climate- Cambodia, Indonesia, the Lao People’s with flood risk information in the
induced hazards such as sea-level rise. Democratic Republic, the Philippines, urban areas and upstream catchments.
The region has been vulnerable to Timor-Leste, Tonga, and Vietnam, Similarly, in Cambodia, GFDRR is
disasters and its risks are exacerbated among others. supporting city-level strengthening
by rapid urbanization, unsustainable of flood resilience in Siem Reap by
development practices, and climate Approach assessing risks and identifying options
change. In the past year, during for improving flood risk management.
the pandemic, countries in the EAP Risk-Informed Decision-Making A scoping study has been developed
region have experienced overlapping To address frequently recurring urban that provides an understanding of
crises due to compounding effects flooding in the region, green and gray drivers of flooding and identifies
and threats of disease, disasters, and flood risk reduction solutions are suitable structural and nonstructural
hydrometeorological events. being developed and deployed; these investments that can mitigate existing
range from identifying and mapping and future flood risk. The facility is
In EAP, GFDRR has a diverse disaster flood-prone areas and assets to also supporting flood risk assessments
risk management portfolio supporting prioritizing infrastructure investments and the identification of integrated
23 countries, ranging from low- and in flood risk mitigation. In the cities of investment options in two Indonesian
middle-income countries to countries Vientiane and Paksan in Lao PDR, the cities (Banjarmasin and Semarang)
affected by fragility, conflict, and facility is financing analytical work to to inform the proposed National
violence. While facing distinct assess risks and develop a flood risk Urban Flood Resilience Project in that
challenges with a high exposure management strategy. The strategy country.
to natural hazard events, GFDRR’s aims to help cities integrate urban
priority areas of focus in assisting design with landscape architecture Reducing Risk and Mainstreaming
the region have been to identify and with various disciplines of water Disaster Risk Management
develop integrated flood risk strategies, management, engineering, and To mitigate disaster and climate impacts
strengthen financial preparedness, environmental sciences and utilize on tourism competitiveness, GFDRR is
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 49

financing activities in the Philippines enhance preparedness to respond to Inclusive Disaster Risk Management
and Tonga to integrate disaster risk future shocks, and, lastly, prioritize and Gender Equality
information in tourism development investments in national risk reduction In Vietnam, the development of
and business. After the eruption of the and climate adaptation actions. social vulnerability maps to quickly
Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano identify vulnerable populations and
Furthermore, in Timor-Leste, the
and subsequent tsunami in January the potential impact of natural hazards
facility is supporting disaster risk
2022, the facility supported the on households in Trà Vinh province
analysis to optimize the government’s
recovery needs of the government of has contributed to enhancing the
capacities in disaster and climate
Tonga in the critical sector of tourism. capacity of the province to provide
risk financing and post-disaster
Technical expertise supported by social protection to potentially
response. The outcomes are intended
GFDRR helped the government to affected households and strengthen
to increase the efficiency of risk
develop a crisis response strategy to the existing social assistance system to
reduction investments and improve the
address natural hazards and COVID-19 adapt to natural hazards. This activity
country’s financial protection through
recovery by mainstreaming disaster also reinforced the ability of local
enhanced climate and disaster risk
risk management principles and governments, agencies, and donors to
financing mechanisms. To support
developing health protocols for tourism make informed and timely decisions to
these activities, a technical team is
businesses. In the Philippines, prepare for and respond to disasters
developing an exposure analysis and
technical assistance has been provided assessment of financial management and climate change events.
to integrate disaster and crisis practices so that the government can In the Pacific, grant activities supported
management in tourism development better prepare, respond, and recover governments in assessments and
plans, including contingency plan and from disasters. building capacities for providing social
emergency and crisis management
Disaster Preparedness and Resilient protection to affected households in
simulations, for tourist destinations.
Recovery response to natural hazards and building
The technical work contributed toward
In Indonesia, technical and advisory resilience. In Fiji, an assessment on
informing an investment project to
services have been provided to adaptive social protection response to
enhance sustainability, inclusion, and
integrate resilient, sustainable, tropic cyclone Winston was conducted.
resilience in the tourism sector in the
and inclusive principles into the In Vanuatu, an assessment of the
Philippines.
government-led recovery program humanitarian cash transfers response
Financial Preparedness to Manage following the devastating earthquake to the COVID-19 pandemic and Tropical
Disaster and Climate Shocks and tsunami in Central Sulawesi. To Cyclone Harold was undertaken. And
The financial preparedness of countries build the capacity of national and an assessment was developed to assist
in the face of disaster and climate- local government officials, GFDRR’s the Federated States of Micronesia
related shocks is an important area of support facilitated trainings and (FSM) to adapt technical and vocational
focus for strengthening disaster risk workshops on recovery planning that education and training programs to
management. For a more effective included awareness of environmentally help build the economic resilience
preparedness and response in the wake sustainable design principles, seismic of the population by improving their
of a disaster, GFDRR—in collaboration strengthening, and socially inclusive knowledge and vocational skills as
with the relevant country’s operational planning. The work ensured that an important component of social
teams—is supporting activities resilient, sustainable, and inclusive protection. These programs teach key
around financial and fiscal planning measures were incorporated during technical and socio-emotional skills
and management at national, recovery efforts in housing resettlement that help household members get better
subnational, and local levels. In Tonga, sites, water supply investments, jobs, including green jobs, and will
the facility is providing technical and public facilities. Similarly, in contribute to building human capital
assistance on disaster and climate risk the Philippines, supported activities and increasing households’ resilience
quantification—as well as island-level improved the capacity on recovery by diversifying ways of earning income.
financing needs—to help implement the planning in formal institutions. Through Additionally, interviews were conducted
country’s first Disaster Risk Financing the Ready to Rebuild Program, on the importance of climate change
Strategy. The activities aim to help workbooks and training manuals have and disaster response training for
Tonga develop a national disaster risk been created for local governing units communities and social protection
management policy that identifies and technical staff to build capacity and program beneficiaries in Tonga, and the
cost-effective financial instruments increase knowledge to formulate risk- results of those interviews were then
and funding mechanisms to invest informed rehabilitation and recovery disseminated to the broader Pacific
more in disaster risk reduction, planning. Island countries for raising awareness.
50 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC

Engagement Highlights
■ To strengthen post-disaster ■ In Indonesia, a GFDRR grant is ■ In Vietnam, GFDRR-funded activities
assessment and recovery, GFDRR has contributing to risk-informed policy are strengthening disaster and
assisted the government of Tonga formulation in the subsidized climate resilience in coastal areas
to assess post-disaster damages and housing in the housing sector. through risk-informed planning,
needs and to plan short- to long-term Although Indonesia has strong building resilience in infrastructure
recovery interventions, including building codes, there are acute systems and public services, and
developing sector-specific technical construction quality issues that improving response capacity. GFDRR-
recommendations—such as those for expose low-income households to funded activities have provided
housing and tourism. For the housing high seismic risks. Through trainings, technical assistance on hydraulic
sector, GFDRR’s support helped to design, and the development of modeling, water engineering, and
institutionalize the Housing Sector high-quality construction material for urban planning. The technical inputs
Resilience Office, which manages government officials and construction have helped to enhance feasibility
housing recovery and reconstruction stakeholders, the activities and studies in the country’s provinces
activities. Since the devastating materials are strengthening capacity and are now being used to develop
volcanic eruption, support has and awareness about disaster options for reducing flood risks. In
been focused on tourism recovery resilience and improving the quality addition, activities are also underway
by developing a crisis response of construction of subsidized to support coastal protection
and recovery strategy for tourism housing. The progress made through infrastructures and formulate
business readiness. The technical the activities funded by this grant nature-based coastal protection
and analytical work contributed to is helping to shift construction interventions, and to establish a
the preparation of a Development practices away from deep-seated cross-sectoral platform for urban
Policy Grant with a Catastrophe traditional construction methods to resilience building in the country.
Deferred Drawdown Option (Cat instead adopting innovative tools Overall, through the support of
DDO) that provides a contingent line and methods, such as using wire- GFDRR, two World Bank investment
of financing to support post-disaster mesh to mitigate seismic risk and projects have started in the country
response and recovery. instituting quality assurance systems to reduce flood risks and enhance
to monitor structural integrity. resilient infrastructure development.

Majuro Atoll, Vietnam—A girl walks past a cemetery damaged by storm surges. Photo: © Vlad Sohkin | World Bank.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 51

EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC

Lessons Learned
One of the lessons from the support of risk mitigation decision-making functions. Collaboration is critical to
actions at a national scale is that there is a need to create a promote ownership and ensure the effective dissemination
broad conceptual and operational framework to channel and of knowledge.
tailor support toward cities of different risk profiles, sizes,
stages of spatial development, and capacities. Analytical work to identify opportunities to reduce flood
risks and develop strategies requires muti-disciplinary
In a small island developing country context, assistance engagement as well as engagement from relevant
given to governments in their efforts to strengthen government stakeholders at the central and the local levels.
resilience to natural hazards requires very close Identification and buy-in at an early stage, as well as close
collaboration with development partners and support of the and strong stakeholder coordination managed locally within
key government actors to exercise their coordination and the country, is key to the success of such efforts.   

Thailand—Coastal erosion. Photo: © thexfilephoto | istock.com.

52 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC

In Focus Advancing Resilient Housing in Indonesia

O
ver much of the past decade,
Indonesia has made great strides
in making housing more affordable
and accessible through its Satu Juta
Rumah (One Million Homes) program.
Yet in a country that is one of the most
disaster-prone in the world, far too
much of the housing stock remains
highly exposed and vulnerable to natural
hazards and climate change.

Eyeing a sustainable future for cities and

communities in which its citizens can
live, work, and thrive, the government
of Indonesia recognizes that resilient
housing will be critical to realizing that
vision.

Under the auspices of the Japan–World

Bank Program for Mainstreaming Desa Purwosekar, Kecamatan Tajinan, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Photo: © World Bank.

Disaster Risk Management (DRM) in

Developing Countries, GFDRR has provided financial and The team has also enabled the production of ready templates
technical support to the Indonesian government toward that officials and third-party facilitators can use in undertaking
its efforts to advance resilient housing in Indonesia, with a QAQC, including forms for assessing the structural integrity of
particular emphasis on the subsidized housing sector. both developer-built and self-built housing units.

A key focus of the efforts thus far has been support toward In line with GFDRR’s commitment to Inclusive Disaster
the implementation of quality assurance and quality control Risk Management and Gender Equality, the team has also
(QAQC) for subsidized housing. The World Bank, through the been providing training to officials and facilitators to
National Affordable Housing Program (NAHP), has collaborated better engage with female beneficiaries in QAQC—with
with the Indonesian government in putting into practice a the goal of empowering all beneficiaries, including female
sustainable QAQC system. This system has been utilized to household members, to be part of the home improvement
ensure that subsidized housing under the Bantuan Pembiayaan and construction process. Looking ahead, a social media
Perumahan Berbasis Tabungan (BP2BT) and Bantuan Stimulan campaign will be rolled out to disseminate practical tips for
Perumahan Swadaya (BSPS) programs meet minimum how beneficiaries can help ensure the safety and resilience of
construction standards and provide safe and resilient homes their homes.
for beneficiaries.

In conjunction with these efforts, the technical team has

Lesson In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic,
also supported the development of training activities for physical monitoring for the QAQC program
Indonesian government officials; these activities are designed
Learned was curtailed, requiring that teams be
to strengthen the implementation of the QAQC system for inventive and innovative. A simple system
subsidized housing. Each year, field facilitators are trained of virtual monitoring was established in
in a range of critical areas including construction quality, which teams worked closely with on-the-
rapid assessment strategies, and effective photo-taking for ground facilitators. This system enabled
assessment purposes. the monitoring to be pre-recorded to show
detailed structural components of the
housing unit.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 53

Banten province, Indonesia—Mother and her daughters displaced by Tsunami victims in. © heyfajrul | istock.com.
54 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Europe and
Central Asia
Europe and Central Asia
Active grants New grants
$3.7M $1.5M

Khiva, Uzbekistan—Construction worker. Photo: © Rini Kools.

New
Active grants 14 grants availability and use of data on disaster and knowledge exchange activities
7 risk information and loss for decision- to mainstream DRM. For instance, in
making. In Uzbekistan, for instance, a Moldova, GFDRR helped the government
Europe and Central Asia (ECA) is a new grant has provided decision-makers prioritize DRM and the climate resilience
region highly prone to seismic and in Tashkent with a clear view of city-level agenda by assessing the current status
weather-induced hazards, made worse shock events, risk factors, and medium- and delivering recommendations
by intensifying impacts of climate to long-term stresses that can then feed for the modernization of the State
change. The level of institutional into the city’s longer-term development Hydrometeorological Service, which
commitment and investment in strategy. In Albania, analytical products was exploring a new institutional set-
disaster risk management (DRM) varies for disaster risk and loss information up to improve its hydromet, climate
across countries; this investment is have already supported the completion information, and early warning services.
overshadowed by the ongoing Russian of a national risk assessment and the In addition, GFDRR is funding gap
invasion in Ukraine and conflict implementation of a World Bank resilient analysis to assess the financial and fiscal
situations in the region. Political, social, transport project. A new project in impacts of disasters in Moldova. Another
and economic turmoil, along with Armenia will develop a national-level grant, dedicated to Albania, is helping
soaring energy and food prices, continue strategic framework for understanding to design a comprehensive toolbox that
to impair the budgetary space of seismic risk and will identify and includes good practice guidance for
governments that are still grappling with prioritize risk reduction opportunities in improving planning and budgeting for
fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic. critical infrastructure assets across key municipal DRM, investment identification
GFDRR’s FY22 investments in ECA have sectors. Furthermore, as part of the City and prioritization, and the diagnostics
therefore focused on keeping DRM and Resilience Program’s Resilient Capital of potential DRM investments. And a
climate change adaptation high on Investment Planning workshop series, regional advisory service funded by
the agenda and supporting national participants from 19 cities and seven GFDRR will support countries such as
governments in risk-informed decision- countries in the ECA region developed Romania and Türkiye as they develop
making, mainstreaming DRM, financial an understanding of priorities for and implement complex, multi-hazard,
protection, and integrated approaches capital-intensive projects that integrate and integrated investments for DRM
to recovery and preparedness, while resilience into the delivery of strategic and climate change adaptation. This is
keeping a broader crisis management urban infrastructure. The workshops also expected to complement the support
perspective that is not related just to provided an opportunity to engage with local governments are receiving from
natural hazards. different municipal agencies to identify country-specific trust funds to strengthen
possible operational engagements and their DRM capacity.
technical assistance needs.
Approach Financial Preparedness to Manage
Reducing Risk and Mainstreaming Disaster and Climate Shocks
Risk-Informed Decision-Making
Disaster Risk Management Disaster risk financing (DRF) remains
A strong focus of GFDRR’s engagement
In FY22, GFDRR continued to fund an investment priority across the
in the ECA region was on improving the
analytical work, capacity building, ECA region. Active advisory services
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 55

in Albania, the Kyrgyz Republic, warning system. Early in the year, a infrastructure investments to improve
Moldova, and Tajikistan, for example, new ECA regional advisory service preparedness and recovery.
support an ongoing policy dialogue kicked off with a pilot in Bosnia and
Ukraine Rapid Disaster Needs
with government counterparts. Herzegovina, which will develop
Assessment
Governments are expected to benefit and pilot a model benchmarking
A GFDRR grant has been supporting the
from the support through strengthened framework for assessing key factors government of Ukraine with damage
assessment of disaster and crisis risks at the nexus of land administration, and needs analytics and recovery and
as well as identification of the gaps and DRM, and climate change. This model, reconstruction planning related to the
opportunities to develop comprehensive to be disseminated through regional ongoing war in the country. In FY22, the
DRF strategies. During FY22, GFDRR
knowledge exchanges that may result focus of the work has been the Rapid
delivered 10 technical workshops on
in other pilots, is expected to help Damage and Needs Assessment (RDNA).
hazard assessment, risk modeling,
position land administration as a With a cut-off date of June 1, 2022,
exposure mapping, and vulnerability in
pillar of climate change adaptation and covering 20 sectors, the RDNA
Central Asia. The work will culminate
and resilience. In Romania, work on estimated the damages, economic
in a harmonized, multi-peril regional
strengthening the resilience of public losses, and recovery and reconstruction
risk assessment (to be delivered in
infrastructure has continued. Activities needs considering green, resilient,
FY23) that will build the foundation
include promoting the multi-purpose and inclusive development (GRID)
for any future DRF investments on
use of buildings, supporting local principles. Estimated overall damages
regional level, including adaptive social
engagements, and developing public are $97 billion, and reconstruction
protection measures.
awareness and communications and recovery needs are $349 billion.
Disaster Preparedness and Resilient strategies based on iterative The RDNA builds the foundation for
Recovery consultation with target audiences. coordinated national and international
In FY22, GFDRR continued its ongoing This important preparatory work recovery efforts. It is an important
engagement with preparedness and step in the operationalization of the
will eventually flow into a guidance
recovery. Through a regional grant, government’s recovery plan as well as
note on how to develop effective
GFDRR supported the development the mobilization of resources.
long-term plans for preparedness
of the South-East European Multi-
and risk awareness raising related to The RDNA was presented in September
Hazard Early Warning Advisory
critical infrastructure at local levels. 2022 during a high-level event
System (SEE-MHEWS-A), an innovative
In Serbia, a first milestone has been including the Prime Minister of
regional approach aiming to improve
achieved by developing the eligibility Ukraine, the European Commission’s
transboundary and domestic forecasting
and compliance selection tool, which Vice-President of Interinstitutional
and warning that is inspiring hydromet
communities across the world. Regional provides a general framework for Relations and Foresight, and the
trust funds are also supporting the the pre-selection of investments that World Bank European and Central
Central Asia Hydrometeorology appropriately address and comply Asia Regional Vice President, as
Modernization Project by focusing with resilience considerations. The well as representatives of Ukrainian
on technical assistance for the criteria require that resilience and ministries, the European Commission,
development of a regional flood early safety be considered in all nominated and development partners and donors
such as USAID, the UK’s Foreign,
Commonwealth & Development Office,
and the Swiss State Secretariat for
Economic Affairs. Depending on war
developments, in FY23, the focus of the
grant-funded support will be on sectoral
deep dives including the substantially
affected housing sector; analytics for
early recovery and winter-proofing of
critical public assets and services; and
updating the overall damages, loss,
and recovery and reconstruction needs
figures. Grant activities and support are
also closely coordinated with efforts
from other donors supporting damage
and needs analytics.
Bucharest, Romania—Workers repair a RADET (Termoenergetica) pipeline. Photo: © Mircea Moira.
56 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA

Engagement Highlights
■ In Kazakhstan, a GFDRR grant output, the Intervention Strategies social protection in ECA—which
provided technical assistance to and Investment Prioritization assesses how social protections systems
increase transport efficiency and Options Report, was completed; in selected countries can respond to
modernize highway management this covers the development of a disasters that negatively affect poor
along selected sections of the major seismic intervention framework and vulnerable people especially
road transport system, the Western for mitigating the seismic risk to severely—four country case studies on
Europe-Western China International emergency response buildings in Albania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia,
Transit Corridor and the Center- Georgia. The main results from this and Romania were finalized. The case
South Corridor. The objective is assignment have been communicated studies draw on a regional framework
to improve resilience of several with Georgian stakeholders during that had been produced previously
hundreds of kilometers of roads FY23 and discussions are ongoing as well as on the World Bank’s wider
along the corridors, translating with the government on the possible Framework for Adaptive Social
into more sustainable and reliable options and pathways for further Protection, and will inform the design of
access year-round, including for developing a national-level seismic forthcoming social protection projects.
vulnerable communities residing risk reduction program at scale. The task team followed a rigorous
nearby. Before the end of FY22, a set ■ During FY22, the summary report assessment methodology and applied it
of deliverables had been finalized: Improving Disaster Risk and Loss systematically across a range of national
(1) a vulnerability assessment report Information in Albania, including an social protection programs. In parallel,
of roads and communities; (2) a executive summary in Albanian, was a separate analysis was undertaken
draft action plan and guidelines for completed. Three volumes of highly to simulate for Albania and North
road transport systems based on the technical reports deliver about 40 Macedonia the impacts of different
resiliency risks identified under the recommendations to improve how choices around the expansion of social
vulnerability assessment; and (3) the disaster loss data are collected, quality assistance in response to shocks on
draft “green road plan” that uses eco- controlled, consolidated, and assessed, poverty and the costs arising from those
friendly technologies as one of the as well as what risk information choices. In Kosovo, progress has been
solutions for building resilience. A and data exist and how they could made on additional technical assistance
training for government counterparts be made more available and better on the design of a “shock-responsive
took place in March 2022 and used. The latter focuses particularly window” for the national social
comprehensive training materials on on geospatial data and availability assistance scheme and the eligibility
the methodology and solutions used through the national geoportal. The criteria/targeting methodology.
in the vulnerability assessment and results, including a catalog of existing However, some delays were experienced
greening plan have been prepared to hazard, vulnerability, exposure, and given the complexities of the political
enable the responsible state agencies risk data, are already being used by situation in Kosovo.
to implement the recommendations the government of Albania and several
and solutions and conduct similar development partners to support the ■ GFDRR provided two complementary
assessments independently. development of a national disaster risk grants in June 2022 to assess the
reduction strategy and completion of scope of building and infrastructure
■ In Georgia, during FY22, two main damage as well as recovery and
national risk assessments, as well as
outputs were delivered. The Seismic reconstruction needs in Ukraine
an expert team supporting a project on
Risk Analysis Report covers a series after the Russian invasion. The
bridge resilience by the World Bank’s
of seismic risk analyses carried analysis will help identify the World
Transport Global Practice. With this
out on a data set of emergency Bank’s engagement in post-conflict
publication, as well as other ongoing
response buildings in Georgia and reconstruction of Ukraine.
activities, GFDRR contributes to
distributed throughout the country.
increasing knowledge and oversight of
The risk analyses were performed ■ In Central Asia, GFDRR co-led a World
all disaster-relevant data and geospatial
to determine the baseline level Bank Low-Carbon Climate-Resilient
information available in Albania.
of seismic risk in the country Cities study across Kazakhstan,
in relation to these emergency During the reporting period and as the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan,
response facilities. The second part of a regional project on adaptive Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 57

EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA

Lessons Learned
In many ECA countries, the level of preparedness for especially in light of extraordinary circumstances (e.g., the

Aerial view of the highway in Almaty, Kazakhstan. © Cholpan | shutterstock.com.

disasters at the local level remains very low, but citizens are war in Ukraine and the ensuing refugee crisis, the health
interested in learning more and benefitting from training crisis brought on by the pandemic, economic crisis, etc.) in
(e.g., first aid training). It is therefore important to continue order to bridge those uncertain periods.
engagement at the local level and to identify champions in
local administrations. The promotion of open data and data- A key lesson learned from an ECA land management project
sharing mechanisms related to DRM and climate change has been that geodetic/cadaster agencies are highly
adaptation can be another important tool in this regard. technically skilled with cadastral data, but they often lack
policy insight on how to maximize those data. It became
Through several engagements, the importance of setting evident that many entities involved in DRM and climate
up a conducive counterpart structure up front at both the change adaptation are unaware of the data produced by
technical and senior government levels was highlighted. cadaster agencies or were unable to work effectively with
It is important to have good technical counterpart geospatial data. Facilitated discussion and knowledge
relationships and to ensure continuity of engagement even exchange with key stakeholders can help bridge some of
if senior officials change positions. Flexibility in responding these gaps and enable the flow of information and data.
to changing government priorities is furthermore a key,
58 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA

In Focus Enabling Disaster Risk

Management Decision-Making in
Albania

A
lbania is exposed to a range of natural hazards, and it
experiences recurring heavy rains, floods, landslides,
droughts, and extreme summer heat, which can cause
wildfires. Because of its location straddling the boundary of
the Eurasian and Adriatic tectonic plates, Albania is also highly
exposed to earthquakes that, while much rarer, can cause Building destroyed by the earthquake. Albania Post-Disaster Needs Assessment,
March 2, 2020. The World Bank, the European Union, the Government of Albania,
large-scale devastation. On November 26, 2019, a magnitude the United Nations Development Programme.
6.4 earthquake struck northwestern Albania, killing 51 people
and displacing over 17,000. According to a Post-Disaster Needs
accessibility, and application of the national geoportal; (2) the
Assessment (PDNA) carried out by the European Union, the
collection and management of risk-related data; (3) the legal
United Nations, and the World Bank, the total value of damaged or
framework, standards, and methodology for disaster damage
destroyed infrastructure was estimated at over $1.1 billion, or 6.4
and loss assessment; (4) the actual process of post-disaster data
percent of the country’s 2019 gross domestic product, highlighting
collection and analysis; (5) institutional capacities in the damage
the earthquake’s impact on Albania’s livelihoods and economy.
and loss assessment process; and (6) the existing DesInventar
Even before the earthquake struck, the government of Albania Sendai open-source software system.
had been modernizing its national disaster risk management
As reflected in the World Bank’s new Country Partnership
(DRM) framework. In June of 2019 it adopted a law that codified
Framework (CPF), Albania’s development aspirations and plans
forward-looking DRM at the national, regional, and local levels.
are now more risk-informed and prioritize resilience investments,
Building upon this groundwork, the Albanian government has
thanks in part to GFDRR’s efforts through this activity.
sought to improve the capacities of its line ministries and has
dedicated institutions to effectively implement this new law. Many of this project’s outputs are already being used by the
government of Albania to strengthen its strategic and operational
In FY22, GFDRR supported the government of Albania through
framework and capacities for DRM at a central level. They are
the Strengthening Disaster Resilience in Albania project. This
also strengthening a municipal disaster risk reduction (DRR)
activity, implemented from 2018 to 2022, provided technical
framework and local response capacities in harmonization with
assistance to the following three core DRM pillars in Albania:
the national DRR system, supported by international partners.20
(1) helping to improve disaster risk and loss information
In addition, the World Bank’s Transport Global Practice has been
collection, consolidation, access, and use; (2) strengthening the
using these outputs to better inform and design a project focused
capacities of municipalities to budget for DRM activities and
on building resilient bridges.
to collect and utilize disaster data for decision-making; and (3)
enhancing financial protection by providing recommendations The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) report Resilience
20

for improving Albania’s disaster risk financing capacity. Strengthening in Albania: RESEAL has more information about
international partners in this effort. See https://www.undp.org/albania/
Knowledge and oversight of all disaster-relevant data and projects/resilience-strengthening-albania-reseal.
geospatial information available in Albania has increased
considerably because of this technical assistance. Specifically,
consolidating and improving access to existing geospatial risk Lesson Post-disaster and disaster risk data
are inherently linked and are essential
information, as well as improving post-disaster loss assessment, Learned components for a national DRM information
have been informed directly in line with the responsibilities of the
repository. This repository can serve as a
National Civil Protection Agency (NCPA) and the State Authority
catalogue for risk data, which—coupled with
on Geospatial Information (ASIG).
the advantages of modern technologies—
Based on detailed technical analysis and consultations with can orient authorities and institutions
relevant stakeholders, three technical reports with about 40 around the world who are investing in
recommendations in six areas were produced by the task smart, automated systems toward risk-
team. They are intended to improve: (1) the functionality, informed decision-making.
 / 59

Bucharest, Romania—Buildings on Covaci street. Photo: © Gicamatescu.

60 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Latin America level report outlining strategic drainage

interventions for the target area.

and the Similarly, in Haiti, GFDRR built upon

an existing rapid diagnostic of school

Caribbean infrastructure to help the Ministry

of Education prioritize additional
assessments that will better risk-inform
a new national school infrastructure
Latin America & the Caribbean strategy. Ongoing assessments include
new hazard data—which have become
Active New available since the rapid diagnostic
grants grants was finalized—to map school exposure
$1.9M $1.2M to floods. These ongoing assessments
Ayacucho, Peru—Carrot harvest. will also integrate a baseline inventory
Photo: © Photochris | Dreamstime.com.
of school infrastructure data using
previously collected and newly
Approach available data sets of information
In coordination with the World Bank gathered following the August 2021
New earthquake. Finally, the assessment
and regional partners, in FY22 GFDRR
Active grants 12 grants
will include a market analysis of the
continued to support the region’s efforts
7
to build preparedness capacity, aid Haitian construction sector, to provide
rapid recovery, and support long-term Haiti’s decision-makers with a better
The Latin America and the Caribbean understanding of the feasibility and risk
resilience through a suite of targeted
(LAC) region faces multiple natural considerations needed to develop and
interventions geared toward addressing
hazards, with a frequency and intensity implement a strategy for building new
vulnerability across various priority
of disasters second only to East Asia schools and retrofitting existing school
areas.
and the Pacific. This ever-present buildings.
threat of climatic hazards exists within Risk-Informed Decision-Making
a larger socioeconomic landscape An essential component of building Reducing Risk and Mainstreaming
characterized by deep structural long-term resilience is understanding Disaster Risk Management
poverty and inequality, fragile political current and future risks—and having In Honduras, the national disaster
economies, a narrow economic base, the resources and capacity to reduce risk management (DRM) agency—the
and small countries (Caribbean small them. To this end, a large part of country’s Permanent Contingency
island developing states, or SIDS). GFDRR’s LAC portfolio is focused on Commission (COPECO)—is moving the
Some countries suffer from violence expanding countries’ access to the needle on mainstreaming risk across
and limited response capacities of information they need to make informed government ministries. As part of the
local governments. Combined, these decisions and enhance institutional newly passed DRM law establishing
factors contribute to an operating capacity to manage risks. For example, a National DRM System (SINAGER),
environment in LAC that is complex GFDRR is supporting Guyana in COPECO will operationalize DRM units to
and often overwhelms the capabilities building climate and flood resilience mainstream risk in the following sectors:
and resources of local authorities to in the Georgetown metropolitan area health, education, water and sanitation,
respond effectively to current issues and by undertaking studies to help the transport, and finance. A GFDRR grant
prepare for future ones. It is against this government better understand the has been providing implementation
backdrop that GFDRR frames its support hydrological system in the target area support to COPECO through World
to the region. Ongoing engagement and identify possible investments Bank teams to kick-start this process,
supports countries to mainstream to address risks. In FY22, GFDRR with various experts hired to provide
resilience across development sectors; supported the completion of several technical advice on the development
undertake more comprehensive and critical baseline studies including a and operationalization of these units. In
in-depth policy reforms; and develop review of the existing drainage system, addition, once SINAGER is operational,
and apply innovative solutions for flood risk, exposure, and vulnerability GFDRR will provide the teams with
more inclusive interventions, enhance for current and planned urban support to help each DRM unit develop
financial protection, plan for better- developments; a preliminary report risk management and emergency
quality infrastructure, and build more summarizing the baseline situation and response plans for their specific sectors.
resilient cities. methodological approach; and a high- The grant will provide future support for
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 61

incorporating gender and inclusion in areas of need. Activities advanced in the Inclusive Disaster Risk Management
the national DRM system, with a special reporting year included strengthening and Gender Equality
focus on providing training for COPECO preparedness and response capacities Inclusive DRM and gender equality
volunteers and staff on running the through training on emergency that builds societal resilience to major
emergency shelters and on reporting management, emergency needs, and disasters and the impacts of climate
gender-based violence (GBV), which impact assessments; information
change is best achieved when the
is critical given the high vulnerability management for DGPC’s emergency
characteristics of the marginalized
of women and children to GBV post- operations officers; the development
disaster. population are understood and
of a digitized system for capturing
post-disaster data in real time; and the considered at all levels and in all
Financial Preparedness to Manage phases of DRM processes. GFDRR has
development of an action plan for the
Disaster and Climate Shocks consistently expanded the number of
design and operability of a multi-hazard
The European Union (EU)-Caribbean
early warning service. activities that systematically assess
Regional Resilience Building Facility
and help to address inclusive DRM and
(CRRBF) Second Central America Similarly, in St. Vincent and the
climate resilience. This year, GFDRR
and Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Grenadines, GFDRR supported
Insurance Project, managed by GFDRR, supported the completion of a disability
the country’s National Emergency
is a recipient-executed grant to the Management Organization to diagnose gap assessment to provide a better
Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance and prioritize emergency preparedness understanding of underlying societal
Facility Segregated Portfolio Company and response interventions, including contexts and identify gaps in social
(CCRIF SPC) in the amount of €10 decisions associated with the expansion infrastructure that ultimately create
million. GFDRR has continued to and rehabilitation of the emergency barriers to the inclusion of persons
support CCRIF SPC as part of the Central operations center (EOC) and the with disabilities in DRM and climate
America and Caribbean Catastrophe volcano observatory, improvements resilience processes and strategies in
Risk Insurance Program. A CCRIF in the country’s disaster-monitoring nine Caribbean countries—Antigua
SPC–executed grant supports selected capacities, and upgrades to its and Barbuda, Belize, Dominica,
Caribbean countries to build resilience information management systems. The
Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, St. Lucia,
against natural hazards by improving grant has also supported the assessment
the affordability of high-quality St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and
of national disaster management
sovereign catastrophe risk insurance Suriname. The assessment will inform
laws, guidance, and plans related to
associated with climate-related events. the EOC and incident management, the development of specific country
Specifically, the grant made it possible and it aims to strengthen standard profiles and guide countries in their
for CCRIF SPC to provide sovereign operatingStprocedures and practices efforts to build the necessary capacity for
risk insurance to the governments related to emergency management and inclusive preparedness and response to
with premium discounts of up to 26 operations. catastrophic events.
percent during FY21 and FY22. This
was particularly relevant in the context
of limited fiscal space and competing
priorities for governments due to the
COVID-19 pandemic and financial losses
from various disaster events.

Disaster Preparedness and Resilient

Recovery
During FY22, GFDRR continued its
support to countries not only to
strengthen their preparedness and
response capabilities but also to ensure
a rapid transition from the emergency
response phase to resilient recovery.
In Haiti, GFDRR focused on providing
guidance and support to the National
Disaster Risk Management System
(SNGRD) and the General Directorate
of Civil Protection (DGPC) in critical St. Lucia—On the way to school. Photo: © Paul Wishart | Dreamstime.com.
62 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

Engagement Highlights
■ In Central America, GFDRR
continued its collaboration with
regional partner organizations to
systematically enhance regional
and national DRM, particularly
early warning, preparedness, and
response and recovery systems. In
FY22, GFDRR delivered a regional
diagnostic covering Costa Rica,
the Dominican Republic, El
Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,
Nicaragua, and Panama, as well
as a roadmap and investment
plan for strengthening emergency
preparedness and response
capacities.

■ In Honduras, GFDRR is funding

technical assistance to support
an expedient, resilient, and
inclusive recovery from tropical
storms Eta and Iota, with a focus Dominican Republic. Photo: © Erick Dorrejo | Ministerio de Economía, Planificación y Desarrollo (MEPYD). 
on the reconstruction of public
infrastructure. During the year,
GFDRR supported the government development. This year saw the quality of hydrographic data in the
through technical assistance to completion of the Urbanization and country.
better understand the gaps in the Territorial Development Review,
■ In Peru, grant activities contributed
country’s infrastructure and the which represents a formal tool
to strengthening government
capacity required to implement that provides a diagnosis of the
capacity and the functioning of the
inclusive DRM and climate country’s main economic and social
Peruvian social protection system
investments in infrastructure. development challenges in this area
to rapidly respond to the needs of
The technical assistance included for informed decision-making. In
the poor and emerging vulnerable
environmental categorization, risk addition, with the finalization of the groups in the aftermath of a disaster.
analysis, and mitigation measures National Cartographic Plan and the The grant provided technical support
for various sectors such as schools, Cartographic Production Guide, the to the Ministry of Development and
water and sanitation, and roads National Geographic Institute (IGN) Social Inclusion (MIDIS) to modify
and bridge infrastructure. In and other public institutions have a its DRM national policy to include
the reporting period, the grant better understanding of the issues noncontributory social assistance
also supported the drafting and and tools in place to develop and as a mitigation and response
updating of the operations manual manage geospatial information for mechanism, as well as MIDIS
for a larger World Bank–financed the country, including information regulations to incorporate DRM into
project, as well as communication on boundaries, the hydrology its operations. Additionally, these
and coordination of program
network, and infrastructure. activities furthered the analysis of
implementation.
The provision of trainings and specific social protection programs
■ In the Dominican Republic, GFDRR clarification of formal procedures to include operational adaptations to
is providing technical assistance have also increased the effective expand benefits in case of a disaster
to support resilient territorial management of metadata and or national emergency.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 63

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

Lessons Learned
Adaptive social protection mechanisms are becoming a key across knowledge institutions and operational decision-
pillar of the disaster response toolkit, but more is needed. making agencies as well as a non-siloed approach to the
While there is much emphasis on preparation in the financial development of solutions.
sector, having established adaptive social protection
mechanisms has been very useful and they are increasingly Relatedly, with the compounding effects of multiple hazards
successful in the LAC region. They are an effective way occurring in the LAC region, governments must develop
to provide direct support to vulnerable households to risk reduction activities while simultaneously focusing on
augment their income and smooth their basic consumption preparedness and response. In 2021, for example, the region
in the aftermath of a crisis, thereby helping countries to experienced back-to-back impacts from multiple tropical
withstand, manage, and recover from shocks. However, these cyclones in Central America, and in the space of less than
mechanisms need to be rapidly fine-tuned, scaled up, and a month an earthquake and a tropical storm hit the same
expanded in terms of targeting, coverage, and spending. regions of Haiti, demonstrating the pressing need to improve
preparation schemes and mechanisms for compounded risk.
There is an urgent need to ensure that analytics for
multi-hazards are available to better capture the region’s There is a growing need to explore alternatives that reduce
increasingly complex operating environment. A lasting the long turnaround times for completing risk studies in order
lesson from the COVID-19 pandemic is that disasters can no to arrive more swiftly at the actual elaboration of investment
longer be viewed in isolation or as static events. Moreover, plans. Risk studies and assessments are key to the process
non-extreme events occurring simultaneously with others of understanding and identification of risk levels, but what is
can have a cumulative impact that is catastrophic. Shifting perhaps more important is the reflection and rapid translation
from single- to multi-hazard analysis requires collaboration of such studies to actionable investment plans.

Guatemala. Photo: © Petur Asgeirsson.

64 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

In Focus Enhancing Institutional Capacities for a More

Comprehensive and Inclusive DRM in Panama

Darién Gap, Panama—Children playing in the rain. © Cris Young.

P
anama is highly exposed to a variety of shocks, including Policy Loans (DPLs) with a Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown
earthquakes, tsunamis, epidemics, wildfires, landslides, Option (Cat DDO), it continues to enhance better governance
and urban riverine and coastal floods. These catastrophic conditions, filling the existing gaps of high-level political
events are increasing in severity due to climate change, and decision-making capacity and comprehensive DRM
they affect Panama’s economy and its capacity to finance coordination, reorganizing and strengthening National Civil
disaster preparedness and response. This particularly impacts Protection System (SINAPROC) and its operational capacity,
the poor and vulnerable, who have very limited capacity to and ensuring its DRM emergency response and recovery efforts
cope with the loss of housing, livelihoods, and access to basic are best informed.
services.
An important law reform enacted in 2005 provided SINAPROC
In response to these increasing threats, Panama has steadily with the authority to coordinate measures implemented by
shifted its focus from a centralized disaster response approach multiple agencies to prevent, reduce, and respond to the
toward more comprehensive and inclusive disaster risk impacts of climate- and multi-hazard-induced disasters.
management (DRM) by integrating disaster risk reduction In 2010, in alignment with the Central American Policy
(DRR) in its development and planning policies. Since 2010, on Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management (PCGIR),
after more than 10 years of engagement with the World Panama approved its Comprehensive Disaster Risk
Bank, Panama has consolidated policy and institutional Management National Policy (PNGIRD). This clarified the
reform processes. Through support from two Development DRM responsibilities of line ministries and provided a legal
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 65

framework for the Ministry of Economy and Finance, including

the creation of a Directorate of Investment, Concessions and
Risks in 2011; the development of a comprehensive disaster
risk financing (DRF) strategy framework and implementation
plan; and the diversification of DRF instruments.

Building on PNGIRD, the World Bank financed the first $66

million Cat DDO in Panama, in 2012. In addition to providing
contingency financing, it focused on increasing the country’s
technical and institutional DRM capacity by implementing DRM
priority actions by relevant line ministries and government
agencies and adopting a framework for the financial
management of disaster risk. All these measures have made
Panama the first country to approve and adopt a DRF strategy
(2014) and a five-year implementation plan (2016–2020).
Panama also has a layered strategy that includes contingency
financing, insurance products, and a national emergency fund.

In 2022, a second $100 million DPL with Cat DDO was

approved to enhance Panama’s technical and institutional
capacity to manage the disaster risk from natural and health-
related hazards. It builds on the consolidation of the policy
and institutional reform process in which the government has
engaged since 2010.

GFDRR’s support aimed to enhance the development

impacts of the operation by providing technical assistance
to the government to ensure the policy reforms included
gender equality considerations and risk-informed territorial
development. Activities to identify best international practices
to embed in simulation exercises will be conducted to test
protocols to address disasters linked to floods, earthquakes,
Aerial view of the Miraflores locks in Panama. © Straystone | Dreamstime.com.
and pandemics. GFDRR supported the creation of a National
Hydrometeorological Service (NMHS) Institute, which is
expected to provide reliable, time-sensitive hydromet data
and information, to improve the effectiveness of the agencies Lessons Comprehensive and inclusive DRM requires
integrating DRR into development and
for DRR and climate change adaptation (CCA), and inform the Learned planning policies, supporting the poorest
government’s investment planning process. Additionally, it is
and most vulnerable, and ensuring
supporting the Ministry of Finance’s Directorate for Territorial
gender-equitable participation in disaster
Development in prioritizing the country’s most vulnerable
prevention and recovery. Developing a
provinces for implementing capacity-building activities and
DRF strategy framework is key for financial
transferring knowledge in developing risk-informed territorial
protection against disasters triggered
development plans.
by natural hazards and other shocks;
GFDRR will also support the implementation of the Career it will allow the country to maintain a
Law, focusing on bridging gender gaps within the Civil sound national fiscal position, develop
Protection System. This law will enable SINAPROC to cost-effective and accessible financing
certify qualified civil protection professionals and promote mechanisms for immediate liquidity
an agenda that bridges existing gender gaps in the civil that can be rapidly channeled to priority
protection and DRM system by substantially increasing institutions and sectors, and reduce the
women’s participation in the organization, including in impact of disasters at the individual,
disaster response and recovery operations. community, and national levels.
66 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Middle East and

North Africa
Middle East and North Africa
Active grants New grants
$1.6M $0.8M

Active
grants 7

New
grants
4 Fishing port in Skikda, Algeria. Photo: © Anatolijs Gizenko | Dreamstime.com.

The Middle East and North Africa at the stage of implementing disaster impacts of disasters. The study
(MENA) region is a heavily urbanized risk management (DRM) strategies at identifies strengths and challenges
region with both low- and middle- the national and subnational levels. in the regulatory and institutional
income countries that are highly These countries require support for framework and assesses resilience to
prone to droughts, earthquakes, water mainstreaming climate and disaster risk risk by studying key sectoral plans and
scarcity, and heat waves—the effects into urban development and enhancing strategies. 
of which are exacerbated by climate critical infrastructure to achieve a more
change. In addition, some countries— And in Jordan, a preliminary impact
comprehensive resilient, inclusive, and
such as Iraq, the Syrian Arab Republic, assessment for climate change–related
green development.
and Yemen—have been struggling risks in the capital city of Amman,
with added stress due to political Still, GFDRR grants are beginning and a summary report for global
instability, fragility, and conflict, which to make a big difference in the best practices and recommendations
further complicates preparing for MENA region in pushing the DRM applicable to that city on climate-
and responding to disaster risks and mainstreaming agenda in several resilient design of spaces, streets,
heightens risks from natural hazards. countries, as well as making specific neighborhoods, and districts are being
The countries emerging from conflict strides in the areas of risk-informed developed to tackle the challenges of
situations need strategic recovery decision-making, promoting urban its rapid urban expansion. Support is
plans that incorporate disaster risks resilience, planning and designing also being provided to strengthen the
to help build more resilient, inclusive, resilient infrastructure, building institutional capacity of the national
and sustainable societies. Neighboring climatic resilience, reducing flood risk, government and the Greater Amman
countries and cities are also strengthening disaster preparedness Municipality to enhance Jordan’s DRM
experiencing additional challenges, such and hydromet systems, and supporting and climate resilience against floods,
as a rapid increase in population due to resilient recovery. drought, earthquakes, wildfires, extreme
an influx of refugees. This adds pressure heat, water scarcity, and sandstorms.
on urban and social systems and further Approach Support is also being provided in the
exposes people to risks from disasters form of an urban heat workshop with
and climate change. Hence the MENA Risk-Informed Decision-Making the city of Amman.
region offers plenty of opportunities GFDRR’s regional engagement in MENA
for advancing the GFDRR agenda on continued supporting countries by Cities in Egypt are also expanding
the disaster risk management (DRM) providing access to risk information rapidly and facing a range of climate
and fragility, conflict, and violence for effective decision-making in DRM change risks, including acute urban
(FCV) nexus, and while the region has and climate change adaptation. In flooding, coastal erosion, storm surges
begun to utilize GFDRR support on this collaboration with the government of from sea-level rise, and extreme
front, going forward, there is ample Algeria, for example, GFDRR supported temperatures. These risks are adding
room to make further inroads on the a rapid diagnostic on disaster and a strain on the cities’ livability,
nexus agenda. Amid these ongoing climate risk management that provides competitiveness, and economic growth
challenges, some countries—such as a disaster and climate risk profile potential. To adapt better, GFDRR is
Jordan, Morocco, and Tunisia—are and quantifies the macroeconomic providing support in collaboration with
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 67

operational teams to governorates and capacity-building workshops on the assets, and land and they ultimately
cities in Egypt by conducting analytical use of risk information to inform school disrupt development outcomes. The
assessments of risks and integrating infrastructure planning and investments. region is one of the world’s most
resilient infrastructure development The aim is to support investments for water-scarce and dry regions. It has a
and management approaches into the resilient school infrastructure. high dependency on climate-sensitive
way cities are planned, managed, and agriculture, and a large share of its
serviced. For example, it has assisted a Tunisia’s vulnerability to floods is
population and economic activity are
World Bank team and the governorate of tied to several underlying factors.
found in flood-prone urban coastal
Alexandria in developing a prioritized These include rapid and uncontrolled
zones. To better protect the people and
set of climate adaptation investment urbanization (70 percent of the
minimize mounting economic losses
actions for the city. GFDRR is also population lived in urban areas in
from hydromet hazards, GFDRR is
providing support to policy advisory 2020);21 improper land planning;
supporting various MENA countries,
inputs to the national government inadequate and dated infrastructure
for flood risk reduction; insufficient such as Algeria, Djibouti, and Tunisia,
on critical policy and regulatory and
hydrometeorological (hydromet) in modernizing their hydromet services.
institutional reforms for mainstreaming
services; and the fragmentation of More specifically, the team is developing
climate risk considerations.
responsibilities and information. A a Regional Atlas for MENA on national
Reducing Risk and Mainstreaming World Bank team is implementing a climate, meteorological, and hydrological
Disaster Risk Management technical assistance from GFDRR to services; this is discussed further in the
GFDRR continued supporting activities support the government in its efforts Engagement Highlights.
to strengthen infrastructure and urban to improve flood risk reduction in Addressing the Disaster-Conflict Nexus
and rural resilience in the MENA region. urban areas by financing physical
In Morocco, GFDRR is assisting the The MENA region provides ample
investments in urban flood risk opportunities for understanding and
government to define an approach to reduction projects. As part of the
strengthen the resilience of critical addressing the intersectionality of
Tunisia Integrated Disaster Resilience disasters and conflict through the
infrastructure. The technical assistance, Program, this technical assistance will
carried out in close coordination with development of integrated DRM-FCV
finance a comprehensive capacity-
the country’s National Disaster Risk approaches, analytical frameworks,
building support strategy for the
Management Directorate, supported and solutions. It is also a region with
Directorate of Urban Hydraulics, which
the following deliverables over FY22 significant and rising demand for building
will include a study tour focused
and will continue supporting them awareness and understanding of such
on integrated quality infrastructure
in FY23: an in-depth diagnostic, a intersectional or compounded risks, and
management (e.g., tools and methods
benchmarking exercise consisting of a the impacts and needs associated with
for investment prioritization and
virtual knowledge exchange series and recovering from, and building resilience
programming, infrastructure lifecycle
the systematization of case studies, and against, complex crisis events. With
analysis, infrastructure implementation
technical support to develop a draft support from GFDRR, the regional DRM
procedures, etc.).
national directive and a practical guide team is striving to promote knowledge
for resilient critical infrastructure. Disaster Preparedness and Resilient exchange and cross-fertilization across
Recovery the disaster and conflict communities
To address the severe deterioration of
Despite a long history of adaptation to of practice through the adaption
existing school infrastructure and the
weather, climate, hydrological variability, and development of DRM solutions
need for new schools caused in part by
and extreme events, the MENA region customized to the conflict context and
prolonged conflict in Iraq, GFDRR is
continues to face serious challenges in DRM diagnostic tools to assess conflict
supporting the integration of disaster
managing the risk of disasters. Hydromet induced impacts and needs. For example,
risk reduction criteria in future school
hazards—such as heat extremes and in West Bank and Gaza, GFDRR has
infrastructure investments, in line with
the government’s new national school heatwaves, droughts, floods and flash supported Gaza City toward improving
infrastructure policy. An analysis of floods, heavy rainfall and strong winds the resilience of urban service delivery
how school infrastructure is planned, associated with tropical cyclones, and systems against natural hazards as well
designed, built, maintained, and financed sand- and dust-storms—pose a direct as conflict-related shocks through risk
will be conducted. The analysis will also threat to lives and impact livelihoods by analytics and DRM capacity building
include a seismic risk assessment to damaging and destroying infrastructure, assessments customized for the city.
better understand the performance of These analytics have in turn contributed
Data are from the World Banks’ DataBank,
21
existing school infrastructure, an urban significantly toward improved municipal
Urban population (% of total population),
network analysis to identify accessible available at https://data.worldbank.org/ planning that incorporates greater
areas for potential new schools, and indicator/SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS?locations=TN. resilience building.
68 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

Engagement Highlights
■ In Upper Egypt, roads are impacted
by extreme events—such as heavy
rainfall that leads to flash floods and
high temperatures that can affect the
structural integrity of assets as well as
the condition of pavement. The country
has been impacted by more than 400
flash floods since 2010; securing
resilient transportation infrastructure
has become critical to protecting
lives and livelihoods. Through grant
interventions, mobile applications for
data gathering on road asset inventory
Algiers, the capital of Algeria. © ID Abdelmoumen Taoutaou | Dreamstime.com.
and condition assessment for disaster
risk evaluation were developed and and narrative, StoryMap. The atlas
at the local level, to scale up and
are being utilized in the cities of Qena provided the basis for in-depth
replicate the process of strategy
and Sohag. With a focus on improved assessments and roadmaps for
development and action planning
operations and maintenance for the strengthening NCMHSs across the
in other Moroccan cities and to
two cities, proposals were submitted region. Notably, this year, together
support the national government
to the Ministry of Finance, which led in mainstreaming DRM and urban with the governments of Tunisia
to an approximately tenfold increase resilience. and Djibouti, two roadmaps for
in usual budget allocation for road strengthening hydromet services
maintenance. ■ The MENA DRM team completed, and early warning systems (EWSs)
in FY19, a MENA Regional Atlas on were developed. The roadmaps
■ Morocco is regularly prone to serious national climate, meteorological,
flooding, with annual average losses will help guide the step-by-
and hydrological services (NCMHS), step upgrading of the hydromet
estimated at over $450 million which includes the 19 economies
each year. Urbanization and climate services to ensure that hazard
in MENA.22 Specifically, the report risk information about evacuation
change amplify this risk, especially on the atlas seeks to understand
in coastal areas, where more than 60 is effectively communicated to
regional and national aspects of citizens and improved weather and
percent of the population and over the development and delivery of
90 percent of industry are located. climate information to farmers. A
climate, weather, and water services similar work is being undertaken
Furthermore, projected sea-level in MENA; assess regional activities in Algeria, including a roadmap for
rise will increase the risk of coastal and national capacities; identify the modernization of that country’s
flooding, coastal erosion, and storm gaps; and discuss potential actions to EWS. The screening and subsequent
surges. A grant has been supporting strengthen National Meteorological technical assistance informed the
the development and launch of and Hydrological Services (NMHSs)’s preparation of the Tunisia Integrated
urban resilience strategies and capacities in the MENA region. The
Disaster Resilience Program, which
action plans in the two pilot cities of report was published and launched
was approved last year. In parallel
Mohammedia and Fez, which include at the end of 2022, and its results
to that program, the World Bank is
an analysis of the implications and key takeaways will be showcased
providing technical assistance to
of the COVID-19 pandemic and to the public through an online map
some of the NMHSs in the country,
mitigating effects, particularly on
including staff capacity assessments
vulnerable neighborhoods. The grant The regional atlas covers the following 19
22

economies: Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, to design targeted capacity-building

has also supported the preparation
Iraq, Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, programs.
of an Urban Resilience Handbook Syria, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Oman, Qatar,
for Moroccan Cities, aimed at Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, the West Bank In FCV-affected regions, policy
decision-makers and technical staff and Gaza, and Yemen. dialogue with the government and
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 69

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

Lessons Learned
partners needs to invoke the development of integrated One of the lessons learned by the World Bank task team in
and multi-sectoral DRM-FCV solutions as the basis for Jordan was the importance of establishing relationships
policy development, planning, design, and implementation with all relevant line agencies working in the DRM space,
for ensuring effective and sustainable resilience building. even if they are not the direct client. This allows for greater
DRM may not be the immediate focus of the clients in FCV inclusion and robustness in the design of DRM solutions and
environments, but engagement on urban resilience has also greater room for flexibility and institutional choices
emerged as a good entry point to the FCV and DRM nexus. when national priorities change.
This was a critical lesson learned in GFDRR’s support for
Algeria: that despite major challenges, the government Against a backdrop of unprecedented budget deficit
was very interested in DRM and urban resilience and public debt in Tunisia, complementing operational
engagement. Social stresses in a city were also used as an assistance with grant-financed technical assistance has
Riverbed in Djibouti. © World Bank

entry point to look into hazard risks and guide the clients proven to be a powerful means to strengthen institutional
to tackle them in a comprehensive manner. capacities, to allow for greater analytical rigor, to develop
evidence-based solutions, and to open up new business
development opportunities.
70 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

In Focus Strengthening Urban Resilience in Moroccan Cities

M
orocco is one of the countries most exposed to local industries,

Public Disclosure Authorized

geological and climate-related hazards in the Middle and infrastructures. GUIDE PRATIQUE
East and North Africa region. Because of its geographic Nature-based DE RÉSILIENCE
URBAINE POUR LES
position, high rainfall variability, and topography, Morocco is solutions can be VILLES MAROCAINES
regularly prone to flooding, which is by far the costliest of all

Public Disclosure Authorized

less costly and more
hazards in the country. Coupled with geological hazards such effective in the long
as earthquakes and coastal erosion, losses are estimated to term than traditional
cost Morocco over $575 million each year and pose a significant

Public Disclosure Authorized

investments that rely
threat to Morocco’s citizens and their livelihoods, particularly on the construction
vulnerable people in urban settings. and the maintenance
With support from GFDRR and the Japan–World Bank Program of traditional “gray” or

Public Disclosure Authorized

for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Management (DRM) in “hard” infrastructure
Developing Countries, and in partnership with the World Bank, solutions. Another
over the last two decades the government of Morocco has example is Action 1
developed a strong, cross-sectoral disaster risk management of the Mohammedia
(DRM) and climate change adaptation policy framework. This and Ain Harrouda
framework includes the Fund for the Fight against the Effects 2022-2027 Action The Urban Resilience Handbook for Moroccan
of Natural Hazards, which acts as an important co-financier of Plan, which proposes Cities (available in French and Arabic).
local-level structural and nonstructural disaster risk reduction the development and
investments and has adopted its first National Disaster Risk implementation of a local strategic framework for managing
Management Strategy (2020–2030), in which flood risk flood risk and coastal erosion in the context of sea-level rise
reduction features prominently. and intensifying storm surges. This framework would take into
Building on this partnership and the efforts undertaken at the account current shortfalls by using prospective scenarios while
national level, financial and technical support was provided bringing together various stakeholders, thereby creating a
by GFDRR to the Moroccan government to bolster local urban more holistic approach to urban and coastal management.
resilience. A key focus of the engagement has been supporting To further support the mainstreaming of DRM and climate
two pilot cities, Fez and Mohammedia, in preparing urban adaptation measures at the local level, Morocco’s Natural Risk
resilience strategies and action plans to develop a holistic Management Directorate at the Ministry of Interior, with the
and integrated approach for mainstreaming DRM at the city
support of GFDRR, created the Urban Resilience Handbook
level. The strategies and action plans aim to provide the two
for Moroccan Cities. Aimed at decision-makers and technical
cities with a roadmap for 2022–2027 toward becoming safer,
staff at the city level, the handbook provides step-by-step
greener, more resilient, and more inclusive by identifying key
guidance on the processes, tools, and resources necessary to
resilience measures to take to mitigate the adverse impacts
develop robust urban resilience strategies and action plans.
of disasters and climate change and to protect lives and
On October 5, 2022, the Ministry of Interior’s Natural Risk
livelihoods. The strategies were informed by rapid diagnostics,
which involved multiple rounds of data collection and analysis Management Directorate hosted a national workshop to present
at the local level, as well as several stakeholder engagement the handbook, showcase the two pilot engagements, and
workshops for each city. These strategies also considered key encourage dialogue among high-level city stakeholders. Over
socioeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through 40 participants, including regional city leaders from across the
this collaborative process, stakeholders set out a vision for country, took part in this event to learn about the lessons that
the cities’ future, anchored in consensus around discrete, can be applied to their city-specific needs to build resilience
implementable actions. and protect development gains for future generations.

Some examples of urban resilience measures developed as part Looking ahead, with continued support from GFDRR and the
of the action planning process include Action 2 of the Fez 2022- World Bank, the government of Morocco envisions that many
2027 Action Plan, which encourages the identification and more cities will follow Fez and Mohammedia’s example in
implementation of viable nature-based solutions to minimize developing urban resilience strategies to strengthen DRM at the
the risks due to natural hazards and protect inhabitants, local level.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 71

Shop owner in Morocco. Photo: © Salvador Aznar.

72 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

South Asia
South Asia India experienced its hottest March on Approach
record since 1901, and temperatures
exceeded 45°C in the Pakistani cities Risk-Informed Decision-Making
Active New
grants grants Improving the availability of scientific
of Nawabshah and Sibi. South Asian
$1.6M $1.4M risk data and promoting their active use
governments have begun shifting
in public and private decision-making
from post-disaster response toward ex
remain a primary concern for the region.
ante risk reduction measures backed
GFDRR technical assistance supported
by disaster-responsive social safety
Active New essential studies and policy dialogue
nets and risk financing mechanisms.
grants 4 grants 3 on climate risks in Bangladeshi towns
Resilience of transport, energy, and
and cities, informing the integration
water infrastructure continues to rise of resilience-building measures into a
up to the level of national and regional $300 million World Bank investment

N
atural hazards pose a growing agendas. However, population growth operation—the Bangladesh Local
threat to health, livelihoods, (particularly in cities) and increased Government COVID-19 Response and
and economies in South Asia. strain on natural resources continue Recovery Project. A review of hazard
An increasingly erratic monsoon to present challenges for disaster risk models was conducted in Bangladesh
season challenges emergency management (DRM). Governments to inform data-driven strengthening
response capabilities to deal with both in the region have responded by of electricity generation assets. In
flooding—notably in the Brahmaputra redoubling their commitment to core Tamil Nadu, southern India, a risk
and Ganges river basins—and pockets disaster risk reduction, integrating assessment of vulnerable coastal
of droughts. A record-breaking resilience across sectors of government cities will identify hazards, exposed
heatwave affecting Bangladesh, India, and the economy, and promoting populations and assets, and historical
southern Nepal, and Pakistan caused deeper policy engagement by losses from past events. The assessment
deaths, electricity shortages, and subnational entities such as state and provides an entry-point to the design
infrastructure disruptions. In 2022, provincial governments. of potential policies and investments

Stagnant water after low-level flood at Indus River in Sukkur, Pakistan. Photo: © Asianet-Pakistan | Shutterstock.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 73

hydromet systems’ capability to address

natural hazard risks, SAHF aimed to
help government partners develop
proactive policies. By generating and
sharing knowledge, including through
four new technical working papers
published in FY22, the project is helping
strengthen the application of numerical
weather prediction and impact-based
forecasting as well as addressing issues
of last-mile connectivity, information
transmission, and impact interpretation.

Inclusive Disaster Risk Management

and Gender Equality
In Sri Lanka, GFDRR funding is helping
Risk management program with practical training in Negombo, Sri Lanka. Photo: © K.K.T Madhusanka.
to develop improved social registries to
for risk reduction. In Kerala, also in disruptions. GFDRR also provided enable rapid and targeted deployment
southern India, a new GFDRR grant support to develop resilience guidelines of social safety net payments in disaster
is supporting the state government for special economic zones (SEZs) in contexts. In India, support was provided
to strengthen open data platforms to Bangladesh, including their transport, to strengthen the responsiveness and
promote accessibility of risk data and drainage, and logistics infrastructure. delivery systems for social safety nets,
utilization of risk information in key In Maldives, technical support is being and a comprehensive assessment of
sectors, including urban planning and provided to strengthen the resilience and challenges relating to extreme heat was
water resources management. construction quality of the subsidized conducted. The resulting policy roadmap
housing sector, addressing coastal for implementation of the India Cooling
Reducing Risk and Mainstreaming Action Plan identifies actions to ensure
inundation risks. And in Assam, India,
Disaster Risk Management that marginalized individuals can access
technical assistance was provided to
A strong focus of GFDRR’s engagement cooling resources during heatwaves,
strengthen DRM in inland water transport.
in FY22 was to support governments to addressing the sharp income-based
Hazard maps and a river erosion study
reduce disaster risks and mainstream disparities in heat-related mortality. In
were used to prioritize measures for the
DRM through analytical studies, capacity Nepal’s Arun Valley, landslide hazard
improved safety of passengers and goods
building, and knowledge exchange. mapping and seismic risk assessment
in a transport sector that is used by 10
For example, technical assistance in informed the development of a dam
million people per year.
Nepal helped local authorities develop safety framework that prioritizes the
standards and guidelines for effective Disaster Preparedness and Resilient safety and voices of communities living
asset management of local road and Recovery downstream from hydropower projects.
drainage infrastructure. A smart asset In FY22, GFDRR continued its
management plan was developed for engagement on strengthening early
Pokhara municipality; two trainings warning systems across the region
have been successfully conducted. In including through the third annual
Sri Lanka, a grant supported the local South Asia Hydromet Forum III (SAHF
authorities in Central and Uva Provinces III). Twelve national DRM institutions—
to implement nature-based solutions to including hydrometeorological
landslide risk. In Pakistan, a GFDRR grant (hydromet) agencies of Bangladesh,
is supporting the government of Punjab India, Nepal, and Sri Lanka—
Province to design a Water Resources participated in events and capacity
Information System that includes building during the year, with some
development of a near real-time drought 780 individuals taking part in training
monitoring model for the water-stressed or conferences. SAHF instituted a
region of Cholistan. In Bangladesh, a weekly Forecasters’ Forum beginning in
new grant aims to strengthen multi- February 2022, which aims to improve
annual budget planning frameworks for operational forecasting and service Rebuilding after the earthquake, Nepal.
rural roads to minimize flood-related delivery. Aside from improving DRM and Photo: © Christina Fink | Shutterstock.
74 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

SOUTH ASIA

Engagement Highlights
■ The northeastern region of India national level, landslide risks along and the integration of embankments
is particularly vulnerable to the national highway road corridors in coastal flood risk analysis
disasters and climate change and selected rural roads, flood provided a strengthened technical
impacts because of its geopolitical risks of major river basins, and basis for coastal investments and
isolation, natural resource preparation of flood management were discussed at the Bangladesh
degradation, and recurring natural plans of prioritized settlements. The Delta Plan 2100 International
hazards. GFDRR is supporting the project also aims to operationalize Conference (May 2022).
Ministry of Development of North hydromet early warnings tailored to
■ A multi-year program on geohazard
Eastern Region to review existing the agricultural sector and to reduce
risk in South Asia successfully
institutional frameworks and risk in the built environment by
concluded its activities in June 2022
risk management measures and applying professional standards in
having trained and supported an
identify high-return policies and the construction industry.
additional 100 people during FY22.
investments for low-carbon climate-
■ With Bangladesh’s densely The project team provided timely
resilient development—including
populated coastal regions facing support to address the Melamchi
development projects that can help
more frequent and extreme (Nepal) debris flow disaster, which
mobilize the private sector. The
meteorological events, a more caused more than 20 casualties
support aims to lay the foundation
comprehensive DRM system and devastating damage to a
for improvements in institutional
is needed. The government’s water supply facility. Combining
setup, fiscal sustainability to cope
Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 a drone-based survey, satellite-
with disasters, and multi-sectoral
decisively recognizes this need. based displacement analysis, and
state and local preparedness
GFDRR’s support for the new 2D floor modeling, a damage and
against disasters as well as funding
generation of investments and risk assessment study was used
mechanisms and policies to
policies for coastal resilience in as a springboard for a resilience
accelerate climate-resilient and
Bangladesh addresses the technical, planning with the Nepal Disaster
green development.
operational, and financing challenges Risk Reduction and Management
■ In Bhutan, support is being provided of these shifting demands. Improved Authority and local stakeholders.
to conduct a first-ever national design standards were developed Regional geohazard workshops held
multi-hazard risk assessment for coastal polders together with in Kandy (Sri Lanka) and Kathmandu
informing infrastructure planning updated standard operating (Nepal) helped regional authorities
and development. The assessments procedures for coastal infrastructure. bring new knowledge back to their
focus on earthquake risk at the Key studies on the use of mangroves home contexts.

Lessons Learned
Geohazard studies undertaken in FY22 reinforced the In Bhutan, GFDRR’s risk assessment and risk reduction
importance of quality control and field validation. activities involved highly technical features such as
Examples are field validation of risk maps in Chitral multi-hazard assessments and social vulnerability studies.
District in Pakistan and field observation for the sites at These include individual risk assessments of earthquakes,
high risk of landslide in Bhutan identified through InSAR landslides, and floods, and their integration into a common
(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) satellite imagery multi-hazard risk decision support system. For these kinds
analysis. It turned out that these quality control efforts of high-tech, first-of-their-kind activities, it is critical to
improved the quality of reports and ensured the reliability provide solid technical backstopping because the capacity
of risk studies. of the implementing agencies is limited.
 Landslide in Badulla District, Sri Lanka. Photo: © Vikalpa | Groundviews.
Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 75

SOUTH ASIA

In Focus Mitigating Disaster

Risk in Sri Lanka through
Nature-Based Solutions

S
ri Lanka is exposed to multiple hazards, such as violent wet woodlands, wet grasslands, and swamps offering a natural
tropical storms, flash flooding, and landslides. In 2017 defense to flooding. In FY22, GFDRR provided financial support
alone, floods caused 213 deaths, damaged over 88,000 to communities living in areas exposed to landslide hazards to
houses, and displaced over 100,000 people. As the country’s explore NBS mitigation measures and to enhance the capacity
urban population has continued to expand, so have development of local and provincial authorities to ensure the sustainability
and construction projects that sprawl on the periphery of major of the mitigated landslide sites completed under the country’s
cities and transportation networks. These urban sprawl patterns Climate Resilience Improvement Project (CRIP).
have encroached on the island’s ecosystem of wetlands, which
act as a highly effective natural barrier against floods and also act Thanks to the success of NBS initiatives in Colombo, the
as natural air conditioners, water and air purifiers, carbon sinks, government intends to replicate wetland preservation across
agricultural havens, and safe harbors for biodiversity. the country, with to date 49 development plans for conserving
wetlands across Sri Lanka approved and 21 more in development.
Sri Lanka’s hilly regions are also exposed to significant landslide
risks, especially during the monsoon season. Poor communities With regard to landslide hazards, multiple partner institutions—
living in these regions are especially vulnerable to these hazards. including the NBRO Sri Lanka (the mandated landslide mitigation
Many settlements in these high-risk areas were constructed entity in Sri Lanka), the Uva Provincial Road Development
decades ago and have not been maintained with professional Department (PRDD; the Uva PRRD CRIP Implementing Agency),
construction practices. The National Building Research and the Central Province Education Department—received
Organization (NBRO) has identified around 5,200 families valuable data on the identification of areas and populations most
(around 25,000 people) who live in high-risk areas and another at risk from landslides.
5,700 families (26,000 people) who live in settlements with
moderate landslide risk. Key local stakeholders were sensitized to the value and
advantages of NBS solutions, and a booklet highlighted
To overcome the recurring challenges posed by flooding and strategies to mitigate landslide risks—such as bioengineering
landslides, the World Bank and the government of Sri Lanka unstable slopes by planting new vegetation—was produced and
have identified nature-based solutions (NBS) as cost-effective, distributed to Sri Lankan DRM practitioners and stakeholders.
eco-friendly, and sustainable measures that can be incorporated
into risk management approaches. NBS makes use of natural National and local government agencies should routinely
processes and ecosystem services to address hazards such as consider integrating NBS as either standalone or hybrid
floods, erosion, and landslides. The use of NBS has already infrastructure approaches (or both) in regional and master
achieved important successes in Sri Lanka, as evidenced in planning. NBS should also be considered in land-use planning
the capital city of Colombo, where wetland ecosystems have processes, such as river basin and urban development plans, as
become an important solution for the flood-prone cities future. they offer an opportunity to bring down the costs of conventional
Following technical assessments carried out by the World Bank engineering measures while providing an adequate level of
that showed that protection from flooding depended on the city’s safety. Moreover, government agencies should build productive
natural wetlands, the Metro Colombo Urban Development Project supportive partnerships with approving bodies, civil society
protected and restored 20 square kilometers of freshwater lakes, organizations, potential co-investors, and technical experts.

Lessons Even though GFDRR support has provided a valuable framework for the implementation of NBS measures
to address flooding and landslides in Sri Lanka, the political and economic instability that Sri Lanka has
Learned experienced for much of 2022 has severely impacted the country’s ability to carry out these measures.
Many of the involved communities struggled to procure essential supplies in the face of severe shortages
of medicine, fuel, cooking gas, and other commodities; they also faced price escalations due to increasing
inflation, which topped over 66 percent as of October 2022. As a result, many of these project activities,
particularly planned trainings at the community level, have been delayed.

Going forward, it will be important to anticipate ways to mitigate the impact of political and economic upheaval.
UR Asia.
 77

Key Publications and Events

GFDRR continues to advance its analytical agenda globally through publications
and events that show the multifaceted nature of its work in disaster risk
management.
78 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Key Publications FY22

technical strategic framework to improve

the country’s institutional capacity to
save lives and livelihoods and to support
social and economic development.

Charting a Course for Sustainable roadmaps for investments in weather

Hydrological and Meteorological and climate observation networks
Observation Networks in Developing where those investments are likely to be
Countries substantial in the coming decades.
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/
handle/10986/38071 Strengthening Hydromet and Early
Progress in upgrading hydrological Warning Systems and Services in
and meteorological systems has been Tunisia: A Roadmap Global RApid Post-Disaster Damage
uneven across developing countries. In https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/ Estimation (GRADE) for Hunga Tonga–
some countries, monitoring networks tunisia-hydromet Hunga Ha‘apai Volcanic Eruption
have been sustained and improved over Prone to floods, droughts, extreme https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/
the decades. But in others, maintaining temperatures, and sea-level rise, Tunisia global-rapid-post-disaster-damage-
them sustainably has remained elusive. loses an average of $40 million a year estimation-grade-hunga-tonga-hunga-
Why some succeeded where others did from disasters. This report assesses the haapai-volcanic
not is a question this report attempts to current capabilities of Tunisia’s National At the request of the government of
answer. It aims to facilitate the Meteorological and Hydrological Services Tonga and in consultation with other
development of more strategic and provides the government with a partners, this Global RApid post-
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 79

disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE)

report on the January 15, 2022, eruption
of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha‘apai
was prepared. It is the first assessment
published following the Tonga disaster
that provides estimated costs of
the physical damages caused by the
volcanic eruption and tsunami.

Assessment of Physical Damages in

Ukraine as a Result of the Russian economic and social needs for Ukraine’s
Invasion through Adaptation of the survival during the war and after it.
Global RApid Post Disaster Damage
Estimation (GRADE) Approach: Results
as of March 31, 2022
https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/
assessment-physical-damages-ukraine-
result-russian-invasion-through-
Melamchi Flood Disaster in Nepal:
adaptation-global
Damage and Risk Quantification with
This report, based on data available as
Drone Survey, Satellite-Based Land
of March 2022, provides a high-level
Displacement Analysis, and 2D Flood
estimation of the physical damages in
Modeling
Ukraine following Russia’s full-scale
https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/
invasion that began in February 2022.
melamchi-flood-disaster-nepal-damage-
Its aim is to inform the World Bank’s
and-risk-quantification-drone-survey-
approach to relief, recovery, and
satellite
resilient reconstruction in Ukraine and
In June 2021, the Melamchi River in
support the country’s immediate and
Nepal experienced massive flooding,
medium-term economic needs.
leading to at least 17 casualties and
severe infrastructure damage. Using
Ukraine Rapid Damage and Needs
drone surveys, satellite data, and 2D
Assessment
flood modeling, this technical case study
https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/ 360° Resilience: A Guide to Prepare
report quantifies the damage caused.
ukraine-rapid-damage-and-needs- the Caribbean for a New Generation
Close coordination and data sharing
assessment-english of Shocks
with partners equipped the Nepal
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has exacted https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/
government and other stakeholders
a severe human, social, and economic caribbean-resilience-guide
with useful quantitative information
toll. This Rapid Damage and Needs This report reviews existing
that provided a basis for future risk
Assessment is part of an ongoing effort— assessments of past losses from natural
reduction and management.
undertaken jointly by the government and economic shocks in the Caribbean,
of Ukraine, the World Bank, and the looking at impacts on physical capital,
European Commission and supported by private sector activity, economic
other partners—not only to take stock growth, poverty, and the population’s
of Ukraine’s damage and losses from well-being. It concludes that, despite
the war, but also to assess the scale of the damage to physical capital
80 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

experienced by Caribbean countries

due to natural hazards, their impacts on
growth are short-lived, possibly because
many mechanisms are in place to help
economies bounce back rapidly.

Learning from Tropical Cyclone Seroja:

Building Resilience in Timor-Leste
https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/
learning-tropical-cyclone-seroja-
building-resilience-timor-leste
This report—part of the World
Bank’s response to the Timor-Leste
government’s request for support in
assessing both damages and longer-
term implications for disaster risk
management—will serve as an input to
a more detailed Post-Disaster Needs Recovery Planning Guide developed
Assessment now under development in by the Philippines’ National Economic
the aftermath of the destruction wrought and Development Authority, this
by Tropical Cyclone Seroja. It is also a workbook comprises reference material
contribution to the policy dialogue with that includes key concepts in disaster
the government and its partners about rehabilitation and recovery as well as
how to plan and invest more effectively worksheets that should be completed by
to mitigate disasters in the future. local government units in preparing for
disasters.
Ready to Rebuild: Disaster
Rehabilitation and Recovery Planning International Guidelines on Nature-
Guide Workbook Based Solutions for Flood Risk
https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/ Management
ready-rebuild-disaster-rehabilitation- https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/
and-recovery-planning-guide-workbook international-guidelines-nature-based-
The Philippines is one of the most solutions-flood-risk-management
cyclone-prone countries in the world. This publication provides practitioners
Intended as a supplementary document with the best available information
to the Disaster Rehabilitation and concerning the conceptualization,
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 81

planning, design, engineering, affect their transport sectors, with

construction, and maintenance of damage from such events accounting for
natural and nature-based features a large percentage of total infrastructure
to support resilience and flood damage costs. This report aims to
risk reduction for coastlines, bays, help practitioners integrate climate
and estuaries, as well as river and resilience considerations into transport
freshwater systems. asset management.

however, often disrupt road travel

and raise logistics costs. This study,
which aims to quantify the impact of
climate change–induced flood risk on
Argentina’s transport network, analyzes
both current and future flooding
scenarios, examines the resulting
disruptions, and estimates the direct
and indirect macroeconomic losses. Mobility and Resilience: A Global
Assessment of Flood Impacts on Road
A Catalogue of Nature-Based Solutions Resilient Transport in Small Island Transportation Networks
for Urban Resilience Developing States: From a Call for https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/
https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/ Action to Action mobility-and-resilience
catalogue-nature-based-solutions- https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/ Road transport networks’ connectivity
urban-resilience resilient-transport-small-island- makes them vulnerable to shocks. Using
Despite the growing demand for nature- developing-states-call-action-action a data set of road networks for 2,564
based solutions in cities, many people Small island developing states are cities in 177 countries, this study—the
who are in charge of planning, financing, among the most exposed, vulnerable first global evaluation of urban road
and technical decisions for urban countries in the world to natural networks’ exposure to flood hazards—
resilience building have little knowledge hazards and the impacts of climate shows that even limited exposure can
of when—or how—to build with change. Extreme weather events such lead to drastic mobility disruptions. The
nature. This catalogue, which outlines as flooding and hurricanes significantly results enable comparisons of exposure
principles for integrating nature-based and vulnerability of road networks to
solutions into urban environments, was flood hazards across countries, allowing
launched jointly by the Global Program the identification and prioritization of
on Nature-Based Solutions for Climate urban transport resilience measures.
Resilience and the City Resilience
Program, both housed within GFDRR. Floods and Urban Connectivity: A
Toolkit for Prioritizing Resilience
Climate Change Risk Analysis of Investments – Demonstration Note
Argentina’s Land Transport Network with Case Studies from Kinshasa and
https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/ Kigali
climate-change-risk-analysis-argentinas- https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/
land-transport-network floods-and-urban-connectivity-toolkit-
Spanning over 240,000 kilometers, prioritizing-resilience-investments-
Argentina’s vast networks of national, demonstration
provincial, and rural roads are critical This note describes an analytical
to the country’s development. Climate approach that proposes a replicable
change–induced hydrological extremes, methodology that helps prioritize
82 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

first stocktaking exercise that GFDRR

conducts to assess lessons learned and
generate knowledge to help mainstream
inclusive approaches and strategies
across its activities. The findings—
which are based on a literature
review, analysis of portfolio data, and
internal consultations with World Bank
task team leaders of GFDRR-funded
activities—emphasize gender, disability-
inclusive DRM, citizen engagement, and
community participation.

Disability Inclusion in Disaster Risk

public transport investments by
Management – Assessment in the
measuring the consequences of
Caribbean Region
disruptions on employment and key
https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/
service accessibility and estimating
disability-inclusion-disaster-risk-
the economic costs linked to travel
management-assessment-caribbean-region
delays. It guides local decision-makers
Around 1.3 million people with some
by identifying the most critical links in
form of disability live in the Caribbean.
transport networks that would benefit
Produced through GFDRR’s partnership
from climate-proofing, increased
with Canada—the Canada-Caribbean
maintenance, or resilience upgrades.
Resilience Facility—this disability
assessment report aims to inform
inclusion initiatives in the region and
Managing Environmental and Social provide recommendations that make
Risks in Resilient Housing Projects preparedness and recovery efforts more
https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/ disability inclusive.
managing-environmental-and-social-
risks-resilient-housing-projects GFDRR Annual Report 2021
https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/
Resilient Housing initiatives not only
gfdrr-annual-report-2021
make residents safer, healthier, and
This report,
more secure but they also increase ’21 which
Global Facility
for Disaster Reduction
and Recovery
ANNUAL REPORT

the economic inclusion of the world’s

highlights
poorest populations. Like all investment
the progress
projects, these initiatives carry with
achieved by
them some risks and may impact the
GFDRR in
lives of community members in the
FY21, takes a
project area. The note briefly introduces
deep dive into
such initiatives, describes their unique
how it brings
approach to project design, and
resilience to
Inclusive Approaches to Disaster Risk shows how they closely align with the
scale around
Management — A Qualitative Review objectives and technical requirements
the world. It includes case studies that
https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/ embedded in the World Bank’s
show how GFDRR put its multiplier effect
inclusive-approaches-disaster-risk- Environmental and Social Framework,
to use in supporting resilient economic
management-qualitative-review which lays out a comprehensive
zones in Bangladesh, building coastal
This report presents a qualitative approach to identifying and managing
resilience in The Gambia, and advancing
review of inclusive approaches to environmental and social risks and
inclusive disaster risk management in
disaster risk management—a part of the minimizing potential impacts.
Tajikistan, to name a few examples.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 83

KEY PUBLICATIONS

In Focus Strong Analytics for Effective Disaster Risk Management

Kinshasa. Photo: © Fanny Salmon

D
isasters and climate change can push people further into Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Kigali, Rwanda,
poverty, as the Shock Waves report makes the clear. To quantifying how transit system operations differ during heavy
achieve its mission of eradicating extreme poverty and rains and focusing on the travel delays and associated costs,
promoting shared prosperity, the World Bank, together with as well as identifying the most critical links in the network that
GFDRR, must place effective disaster risk management (DRM) should be prioritized for climate-proofing investments. The
at the core of the development agenda. To be effective, DRM analytics team also produced the first global study that evaluates
must be informed by strong analytics, relying on state-of-the-art the exposure and loss of functionality of transportation networks
methodologies and using the exponentially growing available in approximately 2,500 urban areas around the world. It found
data in order to understand what works and what does not and that close to 15 percent of all urban road networks are directly
to prioritize the most impactful public and private interventions. exposed to flooding in 1-in-100-years flood scenarios, and that
the impacts on connectivity can be disproportionate, with close
GFDRR’s analytics thematic area, launched six years ago, to 45 percent of trips becoming impossible.
has grown over the years with landmark contributions to the
scientific literature and public debates, helping to place DRM at Resilient health systems: The publication of the Frontline
the center of the development agenda. In FY22, building on its report in FY21, sponsored by the Japan–World Bank Program for
strong foundations, GFDRR continued to produce operationally Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Management (DRM) in Developing
relevant and state-of-the-art analytics to help task teams Countries, outlined the priorities for strengthening the resilience
and decision-makers mainstream DRM into operations and of health systems to disasters and climate change. Following
public interventions and push the knowledge boundary on the this report, in FY22 GFDRR established a thematic area that
economics of resilience for impact in the real world. focuses on building resiliency in health systems and is offering
operational analytics services to task teams in various countries,
Resilient infrastructure: Building on the success of the Lifelines including in Belize, Colombia, Morocco, Peru, and Tajikistan, and
report, GFDRR strengthened and tailored its analytical toolbox others.
on the thematic area of resilient infrastructure. Using novel
methodologies, such as surveying transit systems in both “dry” Quantifying exposure to hazards: Leveraging progress in
and “flooded” conditions, GFDRR’s analytics team investigated satellite and big data and using innovative methods, GFDRR’s
the impacts of public transport disruptions from floods in analytics team also made several noteworthy contributions to
84 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

quick-to-deploy methodology to predict the spatial distribution

of employment in urban areas. This opens up the possibility of
DRM studies focused on the exposure of jobs to various hazards,
among other topics.

Documenting the dividends of resilience interventions:

Through several studies, the GFDRR’s analytics team has
furthered the understanding of the dividends of DRM and
resilience interventions. A study set in the Buenos Aires urban
area, but with conclusions applicable widely, shows that the land
value appreciation triggered by flooding mitigation interventions
alone would surpass their investment costs, opening up the
possibility of ex-post cost recoupment. Another study, using
household surveys, shows that in four major Sub-Saharan Africa
cities, willingness to pay for risk reduction mainly translates
into higher housing rents and land values, despite measurement
difficulties.

The socioeconomic dimensions of resilience: Building on the

Unbreakable report and framework, GFDRR’s analytics team
continued to expand and deepen its work on the socioeconomic
dimensions of resilience. At its core, this work program
recognizes that household and individual characteristics and
situations determine their ability to cope with and recover
Flooded street in Jatimulya, Indonesia. Photo: © Ricky Herawan.
from disasters; it explores interventions that can improve
the systematic quantification of exposure to hazards at a large socioeconomic resilience rather than more narrowly reduce
scale and at high spatial resolution. Flood exposure and poverty disaster damages. In FY22, the team made contributions in
several ways: (1) by making the methodology and findings
in 188 countries presents global estimates of the number of
from the initial study more accessible and visible with the
people exposed to high flood risks in conjunction with poverty.
launch of the Unbreakable website; (2) by taking stock of the
It finds that 1.81 billion people (23 percent of the world’s
existing evidence on the gender dimensions of resilience, as
population) are directly exposed to some level of flooding in
one determinant of the ability to cope with disasters, through
the 1-in-100-year floods and that, out of the 170 million facing the publication of a dedicated report; (3) by adapting the
high flood risk (greater than 0.15-meter rise in water levels) and Unbreakable framework to explore a wider range of resilience
extreme poverty (living on under $1.90 per day), 44 percent are issues, such as the welfare impacts of the COVID-19-related labor
in Sub-Saharan Africa. A related study, Rapid Urban Growth in shocks in developing countries; and (4) by producing tailored
Flood Zones, explores the joint trends of built-up growth and analytics to local contexts, such as was done in the Overlooked
flooding exposure at a global scale, finding that risky settlement report, which was launched in FY22 and sparked consultations
growth is outpacing safe growth by 43 percent. Where Are All the with World Bank country office economists and sectoral teams
Jobs? fills a crucial knowledge gap by developing a scalable and throughout the Europe and Central Asia region.

The sustained demand for support from operational teams

and those working on Country Climate and Development
Reports is a strong indicator both of the relevance of the
analytical work developed in the past few years and of its
quality. Two areas for potential deeper exploration are
(1) further integration of disaster risk analysis with
Lessons Learned, economics of resilience models and (2) better use of big
Challenges, and Way data, including geospatial data, for better-informed and
Forward richer economic models. The analytics team is currently
grappling with the challenge of finding a balance between
meeting the present sustained operational demand for
analytics, which requires investing to some extent in
product standardization, and pushing the innovation
boundary of analytics to prepare for the operational demand
of tomorrow.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 85

Summary of Events
Launch Event: International Nature-Based
Solutions Guidelines
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=jNCVy0WmLNc
This virtual event, primarily intended for
disaster risk management practitioners,
marked the launch of the International
Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based
Features for Flood Risk Management. The
development of the guidelines was initiated
and led by the US Army Corps of Engineers as
part of its Engineering With Nature Initiative,
with the support of GFDRR and the World Bank.

Resilient Capital Investment Planning

Workshop on Europe and Central Asia
https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/
urn:li:activity:6859573464911622144/
This four-day multi-country workshop, hosted
by GFDRR’s City Resilience Program, gathered
representatives of 16 cities from Albania,
North Macedonia, Türkiye, and Uzbekistan
and helped the participants develop an
understanding of capital project priorities
that integrate resilience into the delivery of
strategic urban infrastructure.

COP26: Resilient by Nature: Scaling-up and

Financing Nature-Based Solutions
https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=9KeKdmgNbR8
A side event of COP26’s two-week summit in
Glasgow, this online event provided an inside
look at GFDRR’s catalogue of nature-based
solutions for urban resilience using real-world
examples that can assist cities to identify
potentially viable nature-based investments
that can help them address resilience
challenges.
86 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Third Annual South Asia Hydromet Forum

https://www.worldbank.org/en/
events/2021/10/28/south-asia-hydromet-
forum-2021
The third annual South Asia Hydromet Forum
examined how pooling data, resources,
and information can improve weather and
climate services as the region adapts to
climate change. The event was organized
by the World Bank, the Regional Integrated
Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa
and Asia, and GFDRR with support from the
European Union, the World Meteorological
Organization, and the UK’s Foreign,
Commonwealth & Development Office.

Resilience Project Preparation Workshop

in South Africa
https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/
urn:li:activity:6867136873580519424/
GFDRR’s City Resilience Program hosted
a three-day workshop on resilient project
preparation for eight metropolitan
municipalities in South Africa. The workshop
explored the tools and know-how needed to
design resilience-informed capital projects.

Understanding Risk Asia Cities on the Frontline: Aligning Stakeholder Priorities

https://understandrisk.org/event/ur-asia/ in Urban Resilience
Understanding Risk Asia 2021 (UR Asia 2021) was held https://resilientcitiesnetwork.org/urban_resiliences/speaker-
physically in Singapore and virtually through an online live series-1-aligning-stakeholder-priorities-in-urban-resilience/
broadcast on December 2–3, 2021. It brought together experts GFDRR’s City Resilience Program, together with the Resilient
and practitioners from Asia and around the world to present Cities Network, held a webinar that imparted important
the best practices and latest innovations in the field of disaster lessons about how donor support can support resilient urban
risk identification and communication as well as to facilitate development, what value it adds, and how it could become
nontraditional interactions and partnerships. even more effective.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 87

City Resilience Program (CRP): Supporting cities in building GFDRR Partnership Days: Spring 2022
resilience https://www.gfdrr.org/en/partnership-days-spring-2022
https://www.undrr.org/event/mcr2030-crp-webinar This two-day event opened with remarks from World Bank
This Making Cities Resilient 2030 (MCR2030) webinar Group President David Malpass and presented the impact of
provided in-depth information to help cities, local authorities, GFDRR’s engagement with partners around the world through
and their partners better understand what the City Resilience various examples of how disaster risk reduction can work for
Program is and how to access its support. It included diverse populations and settings. This booklet presents some
information on the type of support provided, the eligibility of the most memorable moments from two days of showcasing
criteria, and the relevant application process; it also what GFDRR’s collaboration with its partners has achieved.
highlighted examples of the types of successful projects and
key components of what makes the applications successful.

7th Session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk

Reduction and The World Reconstruction Conference 5
https://globalplatform.undrr.org/ and https://globalplatform.
undrr.org/world-reconstruction-conference-5
A multistakeholder forum, the Global Platform for Disaster Risk
Reduction is an avenue to share knowledge and discuss the
latest developments and trends in reducing disaster risks. The
World Reconstruction Conference 5 was co-hosted by GFDRR
with the United Nations Development Programme and the United
Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction under the umbrella
of the International Recovery Platform. At both events, GFDRR
highlighted the importance of helping countries access multi-
hazard early warning systems, reimagining current recovery
governance models, and harnessing the power of local to boost
resilience in all aspects.
88 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Climate Adaptation and Nature-Based Solutions for Through workshops held in Albania and South Africa, the
Resilient Cities team raised awareness and provided knowledge on gender
https://wuf. issues in urban infrastructure projects. Similarly, CRP
unhabitat.org/ facilitated an extensive community fieldwork–based heat–
event/climate- monitoring campaign in the City of Ekurhuleni and the City
adaptation-and- of Johannesburg, which saw considerable participation from
nature-based- women and youth community members.
solutions-
resilient-cities Financing Green and Resilient Cities to Tackle Climate
Change
https://wuf.
This special event of the World Urban Forum’s 11th session, unhabitat.
which highlighted the benefits of nature-based solutions org/event/
for climate resilience in cities, emphasized the urgency of financing-green-
adopting an integrated approach to climate adaptation, and and-resilient-
explored the challenges countries face when translating their cities-tackle-
adaptation plans into action. climate-change
This event—
A Roadmap to Resilience: Cities Planning and Adapting to organized and
Climate Change moderated by the World Bank and supported by the Global
https://www. Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy—discussed the key
gfdrr.org/en/ challenges and opportunities in scaling up financing to mitigate
event/roadmap- and adapt to climate change in cities. It convened current and
resilience- former mayors alike to share their experiences in planning for
cities-planning- and accessing green and climate finance for their cities.
and-adapting-
climate-change
Africa, Caribbean and Pacific Disaster Risk Management
(DRM) Focus Days
https://www.gfdrr.org/en/publication/acp-eu-ndrr-focus-days-
The ninth Cities on the Frontline session of 2022, jointly september-2021
organized by Resilient Cities Network and GFDRR’s City The third edition of DRM Focus Days—which consisted of
Resilience Program, gave city stakeholders an opportunity to three half-days from September 28 to 30, 2021—celebrated
hear directly from officials who have participated in the process over 10 years of
of coming up with resilience roadmaps for their cities. These implementation of
officials understand the specific challenges their cities face and the Africa, Caribbean,
are designing steps they can take to adapt to climate change. Pacific-European
Union Natural Disaster
Climate-Resilient Cities Workshops in the Western Balkans Risk Reduction (ACP-
and South Africa EU NDRR) Program,
https://www. an initiative of the
linkedin.com/ Organisation of
company/ African, Caribbean
city-resilience- and Pacific States
program/ (OACPS) funded
In March 2022, by the EU and
CRP staged its implemented by
first in-person the World Bank
event since the pandemic: the Climate-Resilient Cities Regional through GFDRR, that
Workshop in the Western Balkans for Tirana, Albania; Sarajevo, was concluded in December 2021. Showcasing 14 sessions,
Bosnia and Herzegovina; Pristina, Kosovo; Niš, Serbia; and including opening and closing plenaries, five technical talk
Novi Sad, Serbia. The workshop took place in Tirana over five sessions, and seven community sessions, the fully virtual event
days and engaged 23 delegates representing the five cities was attended by a total of 388 participants. The sessions can
to develop an understanding of capital project priorities and be viewed on the ACP-EU NDRR page.
integrate resilient and green urban development into the
delivery of strategic urban infrastructure.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 89

EVENTS

In Focus GFDRR Partnership Days Spring 2022: The Power of

Partnerships
Administrator of USAID’s Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance
and GFDRR co-chair, set the tone for the day in her opening
remarks by stressing the urgency of the combined climate
change, conflict, and COVID-19 crises and the need for an
approach that takes the unique needs of marginalized groups
into account.

Indeed, disasters do not affect everyone equally. Since the

effects of disasters rely largely on social factors that already
contribute to vulnerability, it is women, children, the elderly,
and people with disabilities—to name some examples—who
are at a further disadvantage when disasters hit their homes.
In FCV environments, these threats are magnified since conflict
and climate change can mutually reinforce each other and lead
to devastating losses.

A conversation on these intersecting risks involved GFDRR

government partners from Indonesia, Romania, and Gaza City
illustrating the challenges of operating in their respective
GFDRR Partnership Days: Strengthening Bhutan’s hydromet services for a more environments as well as representatives of GFDRR member
climate resilient future. Photo: © World Bank.
countries underscoring the need for more engagement with
GFDRR’s Partnership Days event, which was held online from partners in FCV contexts.
February 23 to 24, 2022, was the first of its kind. It likely will
“With the technical assistance program supported by GFDRR,
not be the last: gathering well over 100 attendees on each the integration of social inclusion and gender equality has been
day, the inaugural event had GFDRR members, observers, achieved through the incorporation of universal accessibility
partners, and World Bank staff from all over the world actively design and standards in both design and construction phases
participating. The event, which kicked off with opening remarks . . . GFDRR has [also] helped to establish good practices to
from World Bank Group President David Malpass, was an prevent and manage gender-based violence,” said Astriana
opportunity to demonstrate the global impact of GFDRR’s Harjanti from Indonesia’s Ministry of Public Works and
work through a dynamic combination of videos, live Q&A Housing.
discussions, and breakout room sessions.
Breakout room sessions, which were held toward the end of
Resilience & Climate Change was the main theme of the first each day, focused on thematic areas under GFDRR and gave
day. Resilience, after all, should be an urgent priority as the attendees the opportunity to learn more about the different
world faces intensifying hazards exacerbated by a changing facets of the global facility’s work by joining the breakout
climate. A conversation about how countries have put disaster rooms of their choice. Each breakout room was hosted by a
risk resilience planning into practice featured representatives group of GFDRR experts who presented an overview of their
of GFDRR member countries and organizations as well as area’s activities and facilitated a discussion with the attendees
implementation partners from Bhutan, The Gambia, and in the room.
India. The insights from this live discussion emphasized the
importance of learning from other contexts while adapting In concluding each day of the event, GFDRR Practice
these lessons to local needs. Manager Niels Holm-Nielsen reiterated that GFDRR has been
instrumental in influencing DRM and climate resilience not
On the second day, two overarching themes underlined the only at the World Bank, but around the world. This has enabled
reality of existing risks that are compounded by climate GFDRR to create a multiplier effect that has mobilized large
change: Inclusive Disaster Risk Management (DRM) & Gender amounts of development financing to implement disaster
Equality and the Disaster Risk Management–Fragility, Conflict and climate risk management work in its partner countries
and Violence (DRM-FCV) Nexus. Sarah Charles, Assistant to the representing varying contexts.
90 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

EVENTS

In Focus Understanding Risk (UR) Asia

UR Asia by the numbers

Over
1,000
participants from

50
countries

25
partner organizations

100
speakers at

31
sessions

Few regions of the world have achieved as much economic accessible language and a compelling narrative, but without
progress in recent decades as Asia. Yet, across the region, there compromising the scientific evidence.
is also broad recognition that building on this progress will be
Robert Soden, Assistant Professor at the University of Toronto,
difficult unless countries and communities grapple with the
and Caroline Gevaert, Assistant Professor from the University
intensifying disaster risks that are only being exacerbated by
of Twente in the Netherlands, highlighted a GFDRR report
climate change. On average, each year, more than 120 million
they co-authored that draws attention to the importance of
people in Asia are affected by disasters, including cyclones,
using artificial intelligence for disaster risk management in an
floods, typhoons, and heatwaves.
ethically responsible way.
On December 2 to 3, 2021, the Understanding Risk (UR) Asia
Communicating risk in the age of misinformation, enhancing
Conference brought together participants from 50 countries
the resilience of smart cities through cognitive computing, and
to exchange ideas and inspire action for how Asia can chart
bridging the gap in investment and priorities on adaptation
a more resilient future. While nearly 100 people joined the
and resilience were among the other captivating topics front
event in-person in Singapore, 1,000 participants joined online.
and center in the sessions.
Over the course of two jam-packed days, 31 sessions featured
UR Asia concluded with the launch of a new initiative,
100 speakers spanning the private sector, public sector, civil
the Averted Disaster Award, designed to bring visibility
society, and academia from Asia and beyond.
to successful interventions that help ensure communities
Vinod Thomas, former Director General of Independent continue to function in the face of disaster risk.
Evaluation at the Asian Development Bank and now a
Co-organized by the World Bank and the Lloyd’s Register
Visiting Professor at the National University of Singapore,
Foundation Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk
started off the conference with a clarion call to refocus risk
(IPUR), with the support of GFDRR, UR Asia was the first
communication efforts on connecting the dots between the
regional event in Asia hosted by Understanding Risk (UR), the
weather risks that people and communities experience and the
13,000-strong global community of experts and practitioners
greenhouse gas emissions that are causing them.
working in the field of disaster risk identification, assessment,
Peter Gluckman, Head of Koi Tū: The Centre for Informed and communication. Previous regional UR events have been
Futures, University of Auckland, emphasized the need for risk held in Central America, Central Asia, West and Central Africa,
communicators to convey messages to policy makers using Europe, the Caribbean, the Pacific, and the Balkans.
 / 91

Umbrella Program
GFDRR’s Umbrella Program channels donor contributions by
providing funding for activities that directly respond to technical
requests from communities and countries identified through the
World Bank’s global operational engagements.

Samarkand, Uzbekistan­—Restauration of the Khodja-Akhmad Mausoleum. Photo: © robas.

92 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

GFDRR Umbrella: Contributions to Scaling Up and

Mainstreaming Resilience in a World of Compound Risks
of the World Bank Group’s lending, this
advice created the technical capacity and
financial incentives to formalize policy
changes for improved DRM. Forty-nine
percent of GFDRR’s portfolio in FY22
contributed to risk-informed policy
formulation or decision-making and led
to policy changes aligned with the Sendai
Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction.

Mainstreaming Climate Change

Adaption and Resilience in
Development
Climate change is a threat multiplier,
which makes adaptation and resilience
all the more important elements of
Sri Lanka, rebuilding after tsunami. Photo: © David Snyder. climate action. GFDRR is playing its
part by helping countries maximize the
Outcomes Mobilizing Financing for Greater impact of climate finance. Positioned
The Umbrella channels donor Impact within the World Bank Group, GFDRR
contributions by providing funding GFDRR’s technical assistance, capacity funds upstream client engagements
for activities responding directly to building, and analytical and advisory that can mobilize World Bank Group’s
technical requests from communities and support channeled through the Umbrella financing and draw in much larger
countries identified through the World were designed to help mobilize development investments. This makes
Bank’s operational engagement model additional financing. GFDRR has also GFDRR one of the largest and most
globally. A small part of the funding helped shift the mindset of the World influential development actors in DRM.
is allocated by technical themes and Bank Group to a more comprehensive Aligned with the World Bank Group’s
applied in countries with a demand for integration of disaster risk management corporate commitments, during FY22,
technical and knowledge services related (DRM) and resilience across the World Bank–financed operations linked
to that theme. The outcomes of these development agenda. With financing to grants under the Umbrella included
activities are presented throughout under the Umbrella, GFDRR has helped $2.9 billion in climate co-benefits, out
the report, especially in the Priorities mobilize approximately $2.3 billion of which International Development
and Cross-Cutting Priority Areas and in financing for disaster and climate Association (IDA) climate co-benefits
In-Country Engagements sections. resilience operations during FY22, thus accounted for $1.5 million (53 percent
Therefore, this section focuses on contributing to achieving the overarching of total) and International Bank for
GFDRR’s comparative advantage and goals agreed upon in the strategy. Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
emerging issues. climate co-benefits accounted for $1.4
Influencing Policy Dialogue
billion (47 percent of the total).23
Comparative Advantage During FY22, GFDRR has provided
GFDRR uses its strategic position funding and expertise for policy
within the World Bank to mobilize advice on disaster and climate risk Climate co-benefits refers to the share of
23

more development financing from the management and climate change financing dedicated to climate change
adaptation in operations financed by the
World Bank and other development adaptation at national, subnational,
World Bank. The calculation for climate
partners and to influence the quality of and local levels related to governance, co-benefits is based on the joint Multilateral
the activities financed for disaster and land use, building codes, public health, Development Bank methodologies for
climate risk management. education, agriculture, environmental tracking climate finance in adaptation and
protection, energy, water resources, mitigation (published in the annual Joint
Report on Multilateral Development Banks’
poverty reduction, gender, and social
Climate Finance). The methodologies are
protection, among others. In the context refined regularly.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 93

Anchor Fund: The Multi-Donor to enhance climate risk management at supports the development of diagnostic
Trust Fund for Mainstreaming different scales and engage with a wide reports in China, Egypt, India, Jordan,
range of stakeholders.   Pakistan, South Africa, and the West
Disaster Risk Management Bank and Gaza, through analytical
in Developing Countries    Status 
products, such as assessments of
The MDTF focuses most of its grants
extreme heat impacts at the city level,
Program Overview where there is a high likelihood of
flood exposure and poverty analysis,
The third phase of the Multi-Donor mobilizing large disaster and climate
and diagnostics on preparedness and
Trust Fund (MDTF), which anchors resilience operations. In FY22, country
response systems.
the GFDRR Umbrella Program, was demand for grants (as a percentage of
established in June 2021 to support the total number of grants awarded) During FY22, $8.5 million was allocated
those countries most vulnerable to included emergency preparedness from the MDTF to support technical
climate and disaster risks. The fund and response (28 percent); disaster assistance, analytics, and capacity-
aims to understand, manage, prepare risk financing (11 percent); disaster building activities through grants,
risk analytics (10 percent); resilient supporting countries’ investments that
for, and reduce the risks stemming
infrastructure (10 percent); nature- are in the preparation process and
from the impacts of natural hazards,
based solutions (6 percent); adaptive are expected to be financed by around
climate change, and other perils. The
social protection (3 percent); $6 billion from the World Bank. All
fund also supports these countries in
building regulations for resilience development financing GFDRR supports
post-disaster response and sustainable
(4 percent); resilient housing (3 with its grant resources are gender
recovery efforts. Activities under the
percent); digital Earth (3 percent); and sensitive and aligned with World Bank
MDTF align with GFDRR’s 2021–2025
hydrometeorology (2 percent).   policies and strategies.  In addition, 92
Strategy and the MDTF allocates its
percent of grants financed by the MDTF
funding based on annual workplans. In In addition, through its global thematic
included specific gender considerations
the context of growing opportunities for areas, the MDTF invests in cutting-edge
and 70 percent citizen engagement
better climate risk management, MDTF- research, tools, and analytics, thus
considerations.    
financed activities implemented during contributing to global knowledge on risk
FY22 focused on finding effective ways reduction and resilience. For example, it

Associated Trust Fund: development planning and investment risk reduction actions are more valuable
United States Agency for programs. USAID is currently serving as preventive or mitigative measures
as Co-Chair for GFDRR’s Partnership than in the aftermath of a crisis.    
International Development Council for two years, from July 1, 2021,
(USAID) Single-Donor Trust to June 30, 2023. USAID and GFDRR’s Areas of engagement in alignment with
Fund for Mainstreaming partnership serves to bridge the gap shared priority areas of intervention
aim at (1) scaling up climate-resilient
Disaster Risk Management in between humanitarian assistance and
development interventions.       and inclusive approaches to disaster
Developing Countries risk reduction and emergency
As Co-Chair, USAID is uniquely preparedness and response; (2)
Program Overview   positioned to fundamentally change the exploring innovative mechanisms to
USAID’s Bureau for Humanitarian way GFDRR works to scale up inclusive maximize the impact and scalability of
Assistance (BHA) provides life-saving and climate action across the portfolio. inclusive interventions; (3) maximizing
humanitarian assistance and is the lead Addressing risks across humanitarian impact on the ground by engaging local
federal coordinator for international and development planning requires communities; and (4) promoting early
disaster assistance, harnessing the mobilizing global knowledge, analytics, action with a special focus on fragility,
expertise and unique capacities of other and risk information on hazards, conflict, and violence (FCV)–affected
US government entities to effectively vulnerabilities, and exposure—including countries. Impact is also maximized by
respond to disasters and complex relevant information and data about bridging the gap between humanitarian
crises around the world. The USAID local communities and marginalized response and development
single-donor trust fund (SDTF) has groups. It also requires applying interventions through strategic disaster
supported activities that contribute the resulting insights to operational risk reduction measures that address
to developing countries’ efforts to engagements on the ground. And
the needs of different social groups.      
mainstream disaster risk management building strong analytics around risk
(DRM) into national and local is needed to demonstrate that disaster
94 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Status   is the trust fund’s second extension; it As agreed with the donor, the financing
The SDTF was established on September was previously extended for one year of grants under this SDTF are done
15, 2017, and its end disbursement (December 31, 2021, to December 31, on a rolling basis (based on demand
date has been extended from December 2022).    and alignment with USAID and GFDRR
31, 2022, to December 31, 2027. This priorities).    

Associated Trust Fund: City adverse impacts of disasters and climate partnerships to support their resilience
Resilience Program   change, thus enabling them to save lives, objectives.  
reduce losses, and unlock economic and
Status  
Program Overview social potential. The program pursues
CRP focuses its support by providing
The City Resilience Program (CRP) is three strategic pillars to move toward
specialized technical advisory services
a multi-donor initiative, managed by this vision: (1) Planning for Resilience: to respond to the resilience-related
GFDRR, with the goal of increasing Cities have increased access to tools questions faced by cities. In this way,
financing for urban resilience. and technical support to effectively plan the program complements local teams
Established in 2017, the program is for resilience; (2) Finance for Resilience: and their resources by bringing global
supported by the Swiss State Secretariat Cities have increased access to multiple expertise and additional capacity, and
for Economic Affairs (SECO) and the sources of financing to ensure that by allowing for agile knowledge transfer
Austrian Federal Ministry of Finance.  
more investments in resilience come between countries and regions.  By June
CRP works to build resilient cities that to fruition; and (3) Partnerships for 30, 2022, the program had worked with
have the capacity to plan for and mitigate Resilience: Cities can leverage global more than 190 cities in over 75 countries. 

Risks and Challenges Establishing global thematic areas that GFDRR’s experience and value
focus on mobilizing greater investment proposition are central to key global-
Due to the constraints caused by the
lending creates technical understanding level development priorities such as
COVID-19 pandemic during FY22, the
enabling client countries to improve DRM. climate adaptation, loss and damages,
Umbrella faced challenges in disbursing
funding according to the proposed targets early warning systems for all, emergency
Governments deal with competing
and timelines. This risk was mitigated by priorities. Therefore, through multisector preparedness, and managing shocks in
carefully planning to match the available approaches, GFDRR continues looking for fragility, conflict, and violence contexts.
funds to help maximize the support to efficient ways to mainstream resilience However, using GFDRR as a vehicle
countries. in government policy frameworks. to have a greater impact on these
This requires careful calibration and agendas through increased resource
GFDRR’s ability to mobilize world-class allocation from donors is coming up
coordination of technical efforts to
technical knowledge depends greatly on against constrained official development
respond to evolving resilience challenges
its capacity to match country demands assistance (ODA) budgets and geopolitical
on the ground.
and priorities. Getting the balance
priorities.
right requires constant dialogue and Lessons Learned
coordination at multiple levels. Among the various trust funds GFDRR
Connecting the right knowledge to the
manages, the flexibility of the Umbrella
Through targeted support and the right problem at hand when the opportunity
Program makes it the trust fund vehicle
combination of analytics and research, arises somewhere in the world to address
that best aligns with the demand-driven
GFDRR has the potential to improve a risk problem is very complicated.
approach anchored in the GFDRR
decision-making processes at various Organizing knowledge partnerships
levels of government. Nonetheless, around more specifically and clearly Strategy. It is also the most efficient trust
behavioral biases, information barriers, defined topics (rather than general DRM fund vehicle to provide support where it
competing priorities, and distorted or climate adaptation) increases GFDRR’s can influence development financing for
incentives prevent countries from scaling chances to match global knowledge with DRM.
up adaptation efforts. local knowledge and needs. GFDRR needs to become even better at
Resilience is an ongoing and evolving GFDRR has been critical in supporting monitoring the relationship between its
process that benefits greatly from DRM analytical work because of the scale technical assistance, its grant financing,
timely access to accurate and targeted of its support, the depth of its technical the development financing it influences,
information and state-of-the-art decision- contributions, and its ability to commit to and the impact the development financing
making methodologies and tools. long-term analytics programs. creates.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 95

“GFDRR support has

UMBRELLA PROGRAM played a major role
in enabling growth
In Focus Taking Stock of Reducing Disaster
of [disaster risk
reduction] by financing
the Lessons from a Decade Risks from Natural
Hazards
analytical work and
of Progress in Disaster Risk
An Evaluation of the World
Bank’s Support, Fiscal Years
2010–20 technical assistance
Management and developing
a critical mass of
disaster experts to

O
ver the past 10 years, disasters caused by natural support World Bank
hazards have affected the lives and livelihoods of over project teams.”
2 billion people. Over that period, according to insurer
Munich RE, economic losses from disasters rose to a staggering —World Bank Group’s
$280 billion in 2021. Independent Evaluation
Group
In response to these challenges, GFDRR has been at the
forefront of global efforts over the past decade to help countries
and communities understand, manage, and reduce their risks influences at least $133 in climate resilient development
from natural hazards and climate change. As underscored in the impact in the Philippines.24
facility’s 2021–2025 Strategy, GFDRR is committed to stepping In India, a technical team has supported the state of Bihar in
up these efforts in this era of compound risks. building flood mitigation and preparedness at scale, including
through the use of decentralized approaches to embankment
An evaluation from the World Bank Group’s Independent
monitoring and maintenance, flood forecasting, and early
Evaluation Group (IEG) has not only confirmed the facility’s warning systems. To cite just one example of the progress,
transformative contributions to the field of disaster risk flood forecast systems have improved to the point of providing
management (DRM), but also unearthed lessons that will drive 90 percent accuracy in forecasts with a lead time of 72 hours.
and inform DRM efforts going forward.
Looking ahead, GFDRR will deepen its commitment to the key
For starters, the IEG evaluation emphasized that GFDRR principles of effective DRM identified by the IEG evaluation.
technical assistance and analytical support have played These include a proactive rather than reactive approach to
a major role in driving the surge in the World Bank’s DRM disaster risk management, as well as a multisectoral and
support. Tripling its support for DRM, between 2010 and 2020, synergistic approach to DRM that spans thematic areas such as
the World Bank approved billions of dollars of investments and resilient infrastructure and financial protection.
over 1,000 projects across 100 countries. GFDRR will also support the World Bank as it adopts the IEG
The IEG evaluation also highlighted a range of highly effective evaluation’s recommendations for more effective DRM. The
World Bank initiatives in DRM, made possible with technical recommendations include integrating the needs of populations
assistance and analytical support from GFDRR. that are disproportionately affected by disasters, as well as
identifying and assessing the ways in which hazards and
In Mozambique, for example, a technical team provided conflict interrelate. In supporting the World Bank in taking on
advisory services and analytics that have enabled authorities these recommendations, the facility will draw on its ongoing
to develop resilient design standards for schools. Since work in relevant thematic areas and cross-cutting areas such
2016, all newly constructed classrooms have followed these as inclusive DRM and gender equality and the DRM–fragility,
standards. In the aftermath of the devastation from cyclones conflict, and violence (FCV) nexus.
Idai and Kenneth in 2019, all of the nearly 6,000 schools Undoubtedly, the new normal of compound risks will test
constructed under the resilient standards survived. the mettle of countries and communities as they strive to
understand, manage, and reduce their risks from natural
In the Philippines, a technical team has worked closely
hazards and climate change. Nonetheless, the IEG evaluation
with authorities in Metro Manila to develop and adopt an
should provide cause for optimism, indicating that by working
integrated, coordinated, and long-term master plan for flood
with partners such as GFDRR and the World Bank, they can
risk management. Development of the plan was achieved build on the progress already achieved and move even closer to
through a highly consultative process that built consensus a resilient future.
among agencies responsible for flood management as well
as municipal authorities. Each dollar entrusted to GFDRR This figure is drawn from GFDRR data.
24
 96

Financial and Portfolio

Information
This section provides information about GFDRR’s portfolio as
an Umbrella Program in FY22. It also includes a financial report
covering the period of July 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022.

Photo: © Magnifical Productions.

 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 97

Portfolio Summary
In FY22, GFDRR continued to implement work and multi-regional operations FIGURE 1
its 2021–2025 Strategy, which focuses accounted for 34 percent of the total Funding Distribution by Trustee, FY22
on the four priorities areas and two funding with 24 grants (see figure 2).
cross-cutting areas mentioned earlier 5.4%
By June 30, 2022, out of 134 grants 15.4%
in this report. GFDRR continued to
implemented during FY22, 117 grants
support countries and communities
with a total amount of $34.2 million CRP
to reduce disaster and climate risks
were still active and will continue their MDTF
and help countries recover from
operations in FY23. Of the 117 active USAID
disasters by integrating climate change
grant portfolio, 110 grants were funded
adaptation into development strategies
through the MDTF III (91.2 percent of 79.2%
and programs. This section provides
total funding), 6 grants were funded
information about GFDRR’s portfolio
through CRP (8.5 percent of total
in FY22, including but not limited to
funding), and 1 grant was funded by
grant commitments, disbursements, and FIGURE 2
USAID (0.3 percent of total funding)
information on donors’ resources. It also Funding Distribution by region, FY22
(see figure 3).
includes financial statements covering
the period of FY22, which runs from July In terms of regional representation,
1, 2021, to June 30, 2022.1 the largest share of funding of the 28% AFR
active grants noted above was for AFR, 34% EAP
Throughout the fiscal year of 2022, ECA
which represented 32 percent of the
134 grants have been implemented in LAC
active funding with 35 grants. AFR was
47 countries with the total amount of MENA
followed by EAP at 16 percent of the 15%
SAR
$40.6 million.2 Among these grants, 5%
active funding and 27 grants, and then Global
79.2 percent of total funding with 116 4%
ECA at 11 percent of active funding 5% 9%
grants were for the Multi-Donor Trust
with 14 grants. A smaller proportion of
Fund (MDTF III), followed by the City
active funding supported MENA, with
Resilience Program (CRP) with 15.4 FIGURE 3
5 percent of total funding and 7 grants;
percent of total funding and 9 grants, Distribution of Active Funding across
LAC, with 5 percent of total funding and
and USAID with 5.4 percent of total Trustees, as of end of FY22
12 grants; and SAR, with 5 percent of
funding and 9 grants (see figure 1).
funding and 4 grants. Additionally, 26
0.3%
In terms of regional representation, percent of the active funding (18 grants) 8.5%

the Africa region (AFR) had the largest was awarded to support global technical CRP
share of funding (28 percent) with 41 lines of work and cross-regional MDTF
grants; followed by the East Asia and activities (see figure 4). USAID
Pacific region (EAP), with 15 percent of
total funding and 30 grants; then the New Grants Approved in
Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region,
with 9 percent of total funding and
FY22 91.2%

14 grants; the Latin America and the Throughout FY22, the GFDRR Umbrella
Caribbean region (LAC), with 5 percent Program committed a total of $24.4 FIGURE 4
of funding and 13 grants; the South Asia million to operational activities. This Distribution of Active Funding by
region (SAR) with 5 percent of total included $21.1 million for 77 new grants Region, as of end of FY22
funding and 5 grants; and the Middle and $3.3 million as additional funds to
East and North Africa region (MENA), scale up 13 existing activities. 26%
with 4 percent of funding and 7 grants. AFR
32% EAP
Grants for global technical lines of In terms of regions, AFR received the
ECA
largest share of new support from LAC
1
This section reports on trust funds under the GFDRR (31 percent of total Umbrella 5% MENA
GFDRR Umbrella Program, including (1) MDTF Program funding); this was followed SAR
5% 16%
III, (2) CRP, and (3) USAID. Global
2
Grants that are active as of June 30, 2022, as
by EAP with the second largest share 5% 11%

well as those closed in FY22, are included in (19 percent of total funding); SAR (7
the portfolio review. percent of total funding); ECA (7 percent
98 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

FIGURE 5
of total funding); LAC (5 percent of total executed trust funds, there was no FIGUREFunding
GFDRR 5 for New Grants by
funding); and MENA, which received administration fee. Region,Funding
GFDRR FY22 for New Grants by
the smallest share of new support (4 Region, FY22
percent of total funding) (see figure 5).
Portfolio Profile and 27% AFR
The grants for global technical lines
of work and cross-regional activities Beneficiaries 27% 31%
EAP
AFR
31%
ECA
EAP
accounted for 27 percent of the total LAC
ECA
GFDRR-funded grants have targeted a
new funding. In terms of funding 7%
MENA
LAC
range of natural hazards that pose a SAR
sources, the MDTF III accounted for MENA
threat to vulnerable countries. In FY22, FIGURE
7%4% 6 19%
Global
SAR
88 percent of total funding for new 7%
under the Umbrella Program portfolio, Contributions
4%5% 7% to 19%
the GFDRR Umbrella
Global
commitments and CRP accounted for Program
5% (US$, millions)
the remaining 12 percent of the total 69 percent of grant activities addressed
FIGURE 6
funding for new grants. urban floods and 60 percent went Contributions to the GFDRR Umbrella
to river floods. These correspond to Program (US$, millions)
funding contributions of 78 percent for
Contributions Received urban flooding and 62 percent for river
$28.5 $29.6
$21.4
In FY22, eight donors—Austria, flooding (see pages xxiv–xxv). Grant
activities also focused on geohazards $28.5 $29.6
Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Norway,
Sweden, and Switzerland—together including landslides (43 percent of $21.4
contributed to MDTF III and CRP grants) and earthquakes (39 percent of
with the total value of $29.6 million grants). FY20 FY21 FY22
in support of GFDRR’s broad-based In FY22, GFDRR-supported activities MDTF III USAID CRP
disaster resilience program (see figure
had a range of beneficiary types. As FIGURE 7
6). MDTF III received $27.9 million FY20 FY21 FY22
noted in figure 7, 85 percent of the FIGURE 7 MDTF III
(94.3 percent of overall contributions), USAID CRP
Umbrella Program grants benefited Beneficiaries, FY22 (% of grants that supported
and CRP received $1.7 million (5.7 beneficiaries)
government partners through support
percent of total contributions). Overall,
and engagement with ministries of
total contributions received during
FY22 to the GFDRR Umbrella Program finance, ministries of social and urban
were 4 percent higher than in FY21 and development, disaster risk management Government

28 percent higher than in FY20. For (DRM) agencies, and local governing 85%
Communities
more details of contributions received bodies and many other government 44%

by donors, please refer to the financial partners at subnational/municipal

statements below. levels. Communities benefitted from Academia
24%
44 percent of grant activities, whereas Private
sector
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) Nongovernmental
Disbursements and civil society organizations (CSOs)
organizations
15% 17%
13%
Civil society
In FY22, the GFDRR Umbrella Program benefitted from 15 percent and 13 Note: Total number of organizations
grants is 134.
disbursed approximately $16.5 percent of grant activities, respectively.
million. Of this, $14.3 million was for Academia was engaged in 24 percent FIGURE 8
Note: Total number of grants is 134
FIGURE 8
of activities, while the private sector FY22
operation activities and $2.2 million FY22 PortfolioCoverage
Portfolio Level(%)
Coverage Level (%)
was related to project management and benefitted from 17 percent of overall % of Grant Contribution % of Funding Contribution
administration (PMA).3 activities. 100%

Because all active grants for the Additionally, 64 percent of active grants 80%
reporting period were World Bank– in FY22 supported activities at national
64 62
level, which corresponds to 62 percent 60%
GFDRR’s program management and
3
of funding contribution. Grant activities
administration (PMA) expenditures
at subnational and municipal levels 40%
include staff, consultancy fees, travel, rent, 33
communications, information technology, received support at 28 percent and 28 29 29 28 29 28
21
equipment, and other overhead costs. percent respectively (see figure 8). 20% 16
9 12
0
al

al

l
na

na

pa

ca
ob

on

Lo
tio

io

ici
gi
Gl

at

un
Na
Re

bn

M
Su

Note: Total number of grants is 134 and total amount is $40,582,169

 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 99

FY22 Financial Statements

STATEMENTS OF RECEIPTS, DISBURSEMENTS, AND FUND BALANCE
All dollar amounts are expressed in US dollars (USD) unless otherwise indicated.
Financial data of trustees with EUR holding currency are converted to US$ for reporting purposes, based on the exchange rate on June 30,
2022 (1 USD = 0.95412 EUR).

For the fiscal year For the fiscal year For the fiscal year
ended June 30th, ended June 30th, ended June 30th,
Notes 2022 2021 2020
Opening Balance: 44,354,978.61 24,792,782.71 5,848,010.25

Receipts:
Donor Contributions 1 29,599,740.08 28,527,868.50 21,376,864.81
Net Investment and Other Income 2 94,290.78 111,061.74 209,382.57
Total Receipts 29,694,030.86 28,638,930.24 21,586,247.38

Disbursements:
Project Disbursements 3 14,299,937.76 7,023,433.94 2,747,733.32
World Bank Administration Fee 4 — — —
Program Management and Administration Expenses 5 2,202,384.45 2,053,300.39 (106,258.45)
Refund to Donors 126,069.17 — —
Total Disbursements 16,628,391.38 9,076,734.33 2,641,474.87

Excess of receipts over disbursements /

(disbursements over receipts) 13,065,639.48 19,562,195.91 18,944,772.51

Ending Balance:
Ending Fund Balance 57,420,618.09 44,354,978.62 24,792,782.71
Less: Total Undisbursed Commitments 7 22,144,337.08 12,559,009.63 2,005,180.24
Fund Available for New Grants 8 35,276,281.01 31,795,968.99 22,787,602.47

Note: Amount in US$ equivalent. The actual US$ equivalent is based on the exchange rate on the date of the transfer of funds. Rounding and conversion rates
are applied. For the Ending Balance: Unlike FY21 and FY22, FY20 had only two funds included (CRP and USAID) as the Anchor MDTF did not become effective
until FY21.
100 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

NOTE 1 - DONOR CONTRIBUTIONS

The following table provides details of contributions receivable by donor.

For the fiscal year ended For the fiscal year ended For the fiscal year ended Contributions receivable
June 30th, 2022 June 30th, 2021 June 30th, 2020 Amount in US$
Donor in US$ in US$ in US$ equivalent
Australia — 3,009,600.00 — —
Austria 5,184,246.90 2,444,228.00 2,217,410.00 —
Canada — 1,596,678.91 3,000,000.00 —
European Union — — — —
Germany 7,459,696.52 3,647,100.00 3,564,000.00 —
India 158,091.25 — — —
Italy 294,159.20 2,347,400.00 — 1,984,200
Japan 2,011,433.42 1,000,000.00 2,000,000.00
Norway 5,201,494.48 5,791,393.99 3,400,666.53 11,906,835
Serbia — — — —
Sweden 3,842,110.20 3,020,491.01 — 8,534,053.27
Switzerland 5,448,508.11 3,915,976.59 5,744,788.28 10,660,635
United Kingdom — — — —
United States — 1,755,000.00 1,450,000.00 2,723,000.00
Total 29,599,740.08 28,527,868.50 21,376,864.81 35,808,723.01

The following table provides details of contributions received by the main funds.

Contribution Received

  For the fiscal year For the fiscal year For the fiscal year
ended June 30th, ended June 30th, ended June 30th, Contributions
Main Fund 2022 2021 2020 Receivable
MDTF III (TF073410) 27,909,495.08 24,328,640.50 16,726,864.81 33,085,723.01
USAID-SDTF (TF072896) — 1,755,000.00 1,450,000.00 2,723,000.00
City Resilience MDTF (TF072921) 1,690,245.00 2,444,228.00 3,200,000.00
  Total 29,599,740.08 28,527,868.50 21,376,864.81 35,808,723.01

NOTE 2 - INVESTMENT AND OTHER INCOME

Net investment and other income in the amount of $94,290.78 for the fiscal year ended June 30th, 2022.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 101

NOTE 3 - PROJECT DISBURSEMENTS

The following table provides details of the project disbursements by region.

For the current fiscal year For the fiscal year ended For the fiscal year ended
Region ended June 30th, 2022 June 30th, 2021 June 30th, 2020
Africa 3,567,286.66 795,334.89 95,190.14
East Asia and Pacific 1,454,590.94 985,791.26 70,316.80
Europe and Central Asia 1,420,944.97 703,235.52 —
Latin America and the Caribbean 287,545.69 199,308.83 288,520.44
Middle East and North Africa 562,249.61 104,301.85 —
South Asia 241,078.52 4,988.30 —
Global 6,766,241.37 4,230,473.29 2,293,705.94
Total 14,299,937.76 7,023,433.94 2,747,733.32

The following table provides details of the project disbursements by execution type.

For the current fiscal year For the fiscal year ended For the fiscal year ended
Execution Type ended June 30th, 2022 June 30th, 2021 June 30th, 2020
Bank Executed 14,299,937.76 7,023,433.94 2,747,733.32
Recipient Executed — — —
Total 14,299,937.76 7,023,433.94 2,747,733.32

NOTE 4 - WORLD BANK ADMINISTRATIVE FEE

In the current fiscal year ended June 30th, 2022, the World Bank charged no administrative fees.

NOTE 5 - PROGRAM MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION DISBURSEMENTS

Program management and administration expenses for the current fiscal year 2022 are in the amount of $2,202,384.45.

The following table provides details of the program management and administration disbursement by expense category.

For the fiscal year ended For the fiscal year ended For the fiscal year ended
Expense category June 30th, 2022 June 30th, 2021 June 30th, 2020
Staff costsa 1,424,829.01 1,726,553.41 (121,448.56)
Short-term consultants/temporaries b
578,114.85 222,481.84 13,522.91
Travel 29,139.94 (6.16) 1,667.20
Other expenses c
170,300.65 104,271.30 —
Total 2,202,384.45 2,053,300.39 (106,258.45)

a
Staff costs included salaries and benefits for GFDRR staff.
b
Travel included travel expenses of GFDRR staff, candidates/interviewees for GFDRR positions, and participants in GFDRR-sponsored events.
c
Other expenses included overhead expenses, contractual services (e.g., editing, graphic design, translation, publishing, and printing), representation, and
hospitality.
The total disbursements under includes an adjustment of $477.27 due to closing the child fund financed by USAID.

NOTE 6 - REFUND TO DONORS

In the current fiscal year ended June 30th, 2022, US$126,069.17 was refunded to donors.
102 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

NOTE 7 - UNDISBURSED COMMITMENTS

Commitments in the amount of $22,144,337.08 are outstanding as of June 30th, 2022.

These are the remaining balance of the funds that GFDRR has approved and committed to implementing units and recipients.

The following table provides details of undisbursed commitments by main fund.

Main Fund For the current fiscal year ended June 30th, 2022
MDTF III (TF073410) 19,043,858.33
USAID SDTF (TF072896) 115,225.69
City Resilience MDTF (TF072921) 2,985,253.06
Total 22,144,337.08

The following table provides details of undisbursed commitments by region.

Region For the current fiscal year ended June 30th, 2022
Africa 6,802,390.79
East Asia and Pacific 3,662,409.98
Europe and Central Asia 1,565,819.51
Latin America and the Caribbean 1,620,107.85
Middle East and North Africa 965,448.54
South Asia 1,514,000.31
Global 6,014,160.10
Total 22,144,337.08

The following table provides details of undisbursed commitments by execution type.

Execution Type For the current fiscal year ended June 30th, 2022
Bank-Executed Trust Fund 22,144,337.08
Recipient-Executed Trust Fund —
Total 22,144,337.08

NOTE 8: FUNDS AVAILABLE FOR NEW GRANTS

Funds available for new grants in the amount of US$35,276,281.01 are outstanding as of June 30th, 2022.

These can be used to finance new operational grants, and program management and administration activities.

The break up by main fund is available in the table below.

Main Fund For the current fiscal year ended June 30th, 2022
MDTF III (TF073410) 32,151,986.66
City Resilience MDTF (TF072921) 2,922,043
USAID-SDTF (TF072896) 202,251.35
Total 35,276,281.01
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 103

Mobilizing Development Financing

In fiscal year 2022, GFDRR has revised its ■ Informing client countries’ policies Catastrophe-Deferred Drawdown Option
methodology for reporting development or strategies (Country Partnership in the Philippines and the Earthquake,
financing mobilization to align better Frameworks), which can happen Floods and Wildfires Emergency
with the overall World Bank methodology before or after the project is Reconstruction Project in Türkiye. Out
and requirements. The current categories conceived.  of the total, $2.1 billion (89 percent)
for mobilizing development financing was mobilized from the World Bank.
The Co-Financing category includes
include: (1) informing and (2) co-financing Approximately $253 million (11 percent)
arrangements under which GFDRR funds
investments. was mobilized from others, such as the
are associated with financing provided
Agence Française de Développement;
The Informing category includes the by third parties (co-financiers) to World
the Global Environment Facility (GEF);
following types of GFDRR activity that Bank projects. This includes disaster
the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience
are: risk management operations with other
(PPCR); and the Nordic Development
development partners to increase the
■ Mobilizing resources (e.g., knowledge Fund (NDF).
scale of interventions. For example,
products, risk assessments, post- GFDRR grants are added to financing Informing: GFDRR activities informed
disaster needs assessments, from United Nations agencies and other $2.25 billion in funding (98 percent of the
etc.) for the World Bank, national development partners. Co-financing total). Of this, most resources were used
governments, or other development takes place during project preparation or to inform projects in the Africa region
partners to provide evidence for larger approval. (36 percent of total informed funding),
investments;
including those to enhance community
■ Informing the design, preparation, Achievements resilience and local governance in South
and/or supervision of new or Sudan. The Africa region was followed
existing World Bank lending In FY22, GFDRR strategically funded by the East Asia and Pacific and Europe
operations (investment project areas where there was a high likelihood and Central Asia regions by informing
financing, development policy loans, of mobilizing additional resources for projects related to safe and resilient
guarantees); scaling up disaster and climate resilience schools and preparedness and resilience
as well as increasing GFDRR’s impact building (see table 1).
■ Drawing in external financing from
across the regions. 
non–World Bank sources, which may Co-Financing: In FY22, GFDRR
include national and local agencies As table 1 indicates, in FY22, GFDRR’s engagements were linked to nearly
(both public and private) in World funding mobilized nearly $2.3 billion $50 million in co-financing activities
Bank client countries, multilateral/ in additional financing. GFDRR grants (2 percent of the total) in the Middle
regional development banks, bilateral informed a few large operations, such East and North Africa region. Detailed
agencies, and private entities (e.g., as the Fourth Disaster Risk Management information on funding mobilized during
commercial banks); and Development Policy Loan with a FY22 can be found in the table 1.

Table 1. Development Finance Mobilized through FY22 Portfolio by Region and Financing Type

Funding Source ($, millions)

Leveraging $, World $,
Type Country Project Name millions Bank (WB) millions Non-WB
AFRICA
Mozambique Northern Urban Development
Mozambique 100 IDA
Project (P175266)
Niger Integrated Urban Development and
Niger 250 IDA
Multi-Sectoral Resilience Project (P175857)
Informing
Enhancing Community Resilience and Local
South Sudan 120 IDA
Governance Project Phase II (P177093)
Tanzania Cities Transforming Infrastructure
Tanzania 278 IDA
& Competitiveness Project (P171189)
104 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Funding Source ($, millions)

Leveraging $, World $,
Type Country Project Name millions Bank (WB) millions Non-WB
AFRICA (cont.)
Global Environment
Facility (GEF) and Pilot
Second Rwanda Urban Development Project
Informing Rwanda 178 Program for Climate
(P165017)
Resilience (PPCR), Nordic
Development Fund (NDF)
Subtotal     748 178
Region Total  926    

EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC

Fourth Disaster Risk Management
Philippines Development Policy Loan with a Catastrophe 500 IBRD
Deferred Drawdown Option (P177125)
Tonga Second Resilience Development
Informing
Tonga Policy Financing: Supplemental Financing 20 IDA
(P178698)
Tonga Safe and Resilient Schools Project
25 IDA
Tonga (P174434)
Subtotal     545    
Region Total  545    

EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA

Albania Project for Integrated Urban and Tourism 35 IBRD    
Development Additional Financing (P171438)
Tajikistan Tajikistan Preparedness and Resilience to 50 IDA  
Informing Disasters Project (P177779)
Türkiye Türkiye Earthquake, Floods and Wildfires 449 IBRD    
Emergency Reconstruction Project
(P176608)
Subtotal     534    
Region Total  534    

MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

Informing/ Tunisia Tunisia Integrated Disaster Resilience 50 75 Government of Tunisia,
Co- Program (P173568) Agence Française de
financing Développement
Subtotal     50 75  
Region Total  125    

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN REGION

Honduras Honduras Second Disaster Risk Management 110 IDA    
Development Policy Credit with a
Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Option (Cat
Informing DDO) (P177001)
Panama Second Panama Disaster Risk Management 100 IBRD  
Development Policy Loan with a Cat DDO
(P174191)
Subtotal     210    
Region Total  210    
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 105

Looking Forward
For the foreseeable future, the engagements across the four priority PRIORITY 3
intensifying impacts of disaster risk areas and two cross-cutting areas Financial preparedness to manage
and climate change will continue to identified in the GFDRR’s 2021–2025 disaster and climate shocks. The
pose a challenge to the development Strategy: facility will continue to support
prospects of countries and communities countries and communities in improving
PRIORITY 1
everywhere. According to the 2022 governance to manage climate- and
United Nations Global Assessment Risk-informed decision-making.
disaster-related risks in the context of
Report on Disaster Risk Reduction, the The facility will continue to support
broader fiscal risks from unexpected
annual number of disasters globally is countries and communities in shocks.
projected to increase by 40 percent strengthening their capacity to make
risk-informed decisions for a resilient PRIORITY 4
over the life of the Sendai Framework
for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015– future, with an eye toward shifting their Disaster preparedness and resilient
2030). paradigm from understanding risk to recovery. GFDRR will continue to
managing risk. help countries and communities to
Although FY22 saw GFDRR play a strengthen their disaster preparedness
PRIORITY 2
critical role in supporting countries by improving access to hydrological
and communities to reduce risk and Reducing risk and mainstreaming and meteorological (hydromet) services
prepare for and recover from disasters, disaster risk management. GFDRR and early warning systems, bolstering
much more work remains to be done to will continue to help countries and emergency response capacity, enabling
realize the global partnership’s vision communities to reduce their exposure resilient recovery, and preparing health
of a world that is resilient to natural to climate and disaster risks and care systems for shocks.
hazards, climate risks, and other mainstream disaster risk management
As also called for in the 2021–2025
shocks. In FY23, GFDRR will build on (DRM) across a range of thematic areas,
Strategy, GFDRR’s engagement across
the progress and results achieved thus including building regulations, resilient
these four priority areas will be aligned
far by continuing to deepen and grow infrastructure, and urban resilience.
with two cross-cutting priority areas:
CROSS-CUTTING PRIORITY AREA
Inclusive disaster risk management
and gender equality. The facility
will continue to assess lessons and
generate knowledge to support the
mainstreaming of inclusive approaches
and strategies across all GFDRR
activities, with a special focus on
gender, disability-inclusive DRM,
citizen engagement, and community
participation.
CROSS-CUTTING PRIORITY AREA
Addressing the disaster-conflict
nexus. GFDRR will continue to bring
together cross-sectoral knowledge from
across the DRM, conflict prevention, and
peacebuilding communities to address
the compound risks in fragility, conflict,
and violence (FCV) settings.

FY23 will be the first full year in which

GFDRR will operate under its new
Umbrella architecture. The facility will
capitalize on that new architecture
Ukraine. Photo: © Shtrunts.
106 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

to achieve efficiency gains, decrease with country commitments toward

transaction costs, and increase focus the Sendai Framework for Disaster
on results. A major effort to strengthen Risk Reduction 2015–2030, the Paris
GFDRR’s monitoring, evaluation, and Agreement, and the United Nations’
learning framework is anticipated in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
FY23; this is an initiative that will further
drive the facility’s focus on results. The facility’s engagement will also
remain aligned with its operating
At the same time, the facility will principles of being demand-driven,
continue to draw on its unique position socially inclusive, and focused on
within the World Bank Group not only results. Indicative targets for FY23,
to mobilize additional resources for
from the work plan, are provided in the
greater impact, but also to influence
table below. In FY23, GFDRR’s Project
the broader DRM and resilience policy
Management Unit (PMU) proposed as
dialogue. GFDRR’s support for the World
of July 1, 2022, approximately $30.6
Bank Group’s Country and Climate
Development Reports (CCDR), which million to support the implementation
enable countries to integrate climate of the FY23 work plan.
change and development considerations, This work plan has been produced in
will remain a key part of the facility’s an environment where countries still
engagement in the policy dialogue. face the consequences of COVID-19 and
Spanning six regions—Africa, East Asia are dealing with compound risks. The
and Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, indicative funding allocation will be
Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle programmed and monitored by GFDRR’s
East and North Africa, and South Asia— PMU after the work plan is endorsed by
Novice Tibetan monk. Photo: © Hadynyah. GFDRR’s engagement will remain aligned the Partnership Council.

Table 2. FY23 Indicative Targets

Priority Areas of Engagement Target
and Cross-Cutting Areas Indicator (FY23)

PRIORITY 1 Number of in-country investments informed by GFDRR disaster risk analytical products 8
and reports
Risk-Informed Decision-
Making Number of World Bank–financed operations that received support to use Earth observation 8
data and services
Number of technical reports on global evaluation of built-up areas and flood exposure 3
trends; number of efficiency and equity issues in flood management policies that would be
developed
Number of tools/databases would be either developed or modified to support 5
quantification of disaster risk.
Amount of funding mobilized through analytical support from the global technical lines of $50 million
work (thematic areas)
PRIORITY 2 Number of infrastructure projects with more than 50% climate change co-benefits 15
Reducing Risk and Number of countries that enhance resilience to climate change and natural hazards in 8
Mainstreaming Disaster Risk urban areas
Management Number of investment projects incorporating nature-based solutions for resilience 10
Number of countries that have mainstreamed resilience in their housing programs and 10
investments
Number of countries supported to enhance the resilience of the built environment through 10
regulatory, policy, and institutional reforms
Number of countries that develop multi-city current and future scenario-based climate risk 3
assessments and recommendations
continues
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 107

Table 3. FY23 Indicative Targets (cont.)

Priority Areas of Engagement Target

and Cross-Cutting Areas Indicator (FY23)

PRIORITY 3 Number of reports on the development of innovative physical and financial resilience 1
Financial Preparedness to disaster risk financing (DRF) solutions with a focus on one key sector such as housing or
Manage Disaster and Climate infrastructure
Shocks Number of developed public sector–focused disaster risk financial products in partnership 1
with regional, private sector, or other agencies such as the Insurance Development Forum
or Global Resilience Index Initiative
Number of brown-bag lunches (internal information sharing sessions for World Bank 2
staff) /workshops related to DRF, building regulations, and risk-based asset management
systems
Number of DRF instruments informed through diagnostics, tools, or products 1
PRIORITY 4 Number of countries benefitting from GFDRR-funded hydrometeorological analytical 7
products and direct operational guidance
Disaster Preparedness and
Resilient Recovery Number of countries with operations incorporating components or subcomponents related 3
to emergency preparedness and response systems improvements
Number of countries that have created rules for housing reconstruction programs within 3
their existing operational schemes
Number of countries supported to conduct disaster recovery needs assessments and 6
planning
Number of reports on global disaster recovery experiences and lessons learned that will be 1
produced
Number of countries or disasters assessed through the Global RApid post-disaster Damage 5
Estimation (GRADE) analysis
CROSS-CUTTING PRIORITY Number of countries supported in their efforts to advance the inclusive DRM and gender 7
AREAS equality agenda through policy dialog and/or technical assistance to inform investments
Inclusive Disaster Risk Percentage of new GFDRR grants that include gender analysis 90%
Management and Gender
Number of knowledge products developed on topics such as inclusive early warning 4
Equality
systems (EWS), gender-based violence, disaster risk financing, and community
Addressing the Disaster- engagement in DRM programs
Conflict Nexus
Number of countries that incorporated concrete rules to include minorities as beneficiaries 5
in their housing and urban infrastructure programs
Number of countries supported to advance the DRM-fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV)
nexus agenda, including through integrated risk analysis, integrated disaster-conflict 5
preparedness, and treatment of intersectional risks
Number of analytical products to support client countries, through World Bank regional
and country teams, on deepening operational engagements in the disaster-conflict nexus. 3
Products are expected to include a conceptual framework and operational guidance on the
intersectionality of risks, guidance notes on urban forced displacement, and a knowledge
note series on World Bank engagement in the disaster-conflict nexus
Number of product designs aimed at helping countries respond at scale with resilient 1
housing solutions to massive inflows of migrants and refugees
Number of countries that mobilize concessional financing to respond with resilient housing 3
solutions to large inflows of migrants and refugees
108 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Annex 1: Results Progress

This section outlines the progress and ■ Strategic Objective 1: Evidence and grant portfolio through these outcomes
achievements of the partnership as knowledge on effective disaster and outputs (see page 109).
measured against GFDRR’s Results and climate resilience approaches
Progress. It presents trends of priorities are generated and shared for Monitoring Grant
and activities that are in high demand improved policy and practice.
as well as support provided to countries
Progress
■ Strategic Objective 2: Risk-
to build greater resilience to natural
informed development is adopted The data presented in this section
hazards and climate change. It also
at national, subnational, and are derived primarily from GFDRR’s
notes where improvements may be
community levels, using integrated, monitoring and evaluation (M&E)
needed. The goal of this section is to
inclusive, and participatory platform for the Umbrella Program–
inform GFDRR’s partners about progress
approaches. funded grants in FY22. This platform
made during FY22 and facilitate
is an internal tool for monitoring
decision-making on how to do better. Strategic Objective 3: Governments
■ grant progress and collecting lessons
The analysis does not take stock of in vulnerable countries have learned from grant implementation. It
or assess longer-term impact, which access to additional investments includes real-time financial data linked
is undertaken by GFDRR’s Program for scaling up disaster and climate directly to World Bank systems, as
Management Unit (PMU) through resilience building. well as output and outcome data that
various commissioned evaluations. The
Strategic Objective 4: Disaster are self-reported by the World Bank
section highlights: ■
preparedness and resilient Task Team Leaders (TTLs). The TTLs
■ Evidence of contributions to recovery capacity is increased attach project documentation to verify
support low and middle-income at national, subnational, and grant performance claims. The data
countries as they implement the community levels. are collected through the platform,
Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk reviewed for quality assurance, and
Reduction 2015–2030, and These strategic objectives are carried analyzed by GFDRR’s PMU.
out through four priority areas: Risk-
■ Intermediate outcome results Informed Decision-Making, Reducing The TTLs submit progress updates
mapped to each GFDRR strategic Risk and Mainstreaming Disaster Risk against the facility’s existing Logical
objective. Management, Financial Preparedness Framework and key data points through
to Manage Disaster and Climate Shocks, the M&E platform at each reporting
GFDRR’s Logical Framework for its period. During the fiscal year, GFDRR
and Disaster Preparedness and Resilient
Strategy (2021–2025) guides the had two reporting periods, covering July
Recovery, plus two cross-cutting
implementation and monitoring of its to December 2021 and January to June
priority areas: Inclusive Disaster Risk
strategy through four priorities and 2022. Data are collected for grants that
Management and Gender Equality and
two cross-cutting priority areas for the are active as well as those that were
Addressing the Disaster-Conflict Nexus.
facility.1 The objectives are: closed at any point in time during the
GFDRR’s Logical Framework includes reporting period. In the grant portfolio,
The Logical Framework has been updated;
1 a results chain of inputs, outputs, and there were 134 active grants, including
this updated framework will serve as the outcomes with indicators for monitoring 8 Just-in-Time (JIT) grants with a
new Results Progress and is part of the output and outcome-level grant funding amount of $40,582,169, as well
new Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning
Framework, which will be implemented
performance. With the use of its internal as 6 grants activated in June 2022, the
shortly after endorsement by Partnership grant-monitoring platform, GFDRR has very end of FY22.
Council meeting in FY2023. continued to track the progress of its
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 109

GFDRR Logical Framework FY22

Sendai Framework The substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives, livelihoods, and health and in the
economic, physical, social, cultural, and environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities, and countries.

GFDRR’s Vision A world where resilient societies manage and adapt to ever-changing disaster and climate risk,
and where the human and economic impact of disasters is reduced.

Contributions to
Sendai Contributions to Contributions to Contributions to
Sendai Framework Priorities
priorities Sendai Framework Priority 1 Sendai Framework Priority 2 Sendai Framework Priority 3
3&4

OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 OBJECTIVE 3 OBJECTIVE 4

Evidence and knowledge Risk-informed Governments have Disaster preparedness
Strategic
objectives of resilience approaches development is adopted access to additional and resilient recovery
is shared at all levels investments capacity is increased

1.1 Risk profiles and hazard 2.1 Capacity for risk-informed 3.1 Additional financing for 4.1 Early warning systems
maps accessible and policy formulation in resilience investments and hydromet services
Operating
utilized. formal institutions from national and strengthened. principles
1.2 Knowledge products strengthened. subnational governments, 4.2 Vulnerable individuals
to support disaster 2.2 Understanding and/ development partners, covered by social Demand-Driven
and climate resilience or responsiveness to and/or the private sector protection systems in the Approach
utilized. gender and socially- mobilized. event of a disaster.
1.3 Innovative solutions differentiated risks 3.2 Design and/or 4.3 Financial resilience of
Leveraging

TIME
for addressing natural increased. implementation of governments and private Finance and
hazards and climate 2.3 Use of disaster and DRM investments by sector increased. Development
change risk utilized. climate risk information national and subnational
4.4 Understanding and/ Policy
in decision-making and governments and/or
1.4 Good practices, or responsiveness to
policy change increased. development partners Inclusive Approach
evidence, and results gender-sensitive needs
enabled.
Outcomes demonstrating effective 2.4 Civil society and in preparedness planning
disaster and climate communities, including and/or resilient recovery Gender
resilience disseminated. vulnerable groups, increased. Mainstreaming
1.5 Partnerships and engaged in policy 4.5 Civil society and
formulation. Addressing
knowledge exchange communities engaged in
facilitated. 2.5 Planning, regulation, preparedness planning Disaster
and infrastructure risk- and/or resilient recovery. and Climate Risk
informed. 4.6 Government capacity to
2.6 Vulnerable groups conduct post-disaster Knowledge and
empowered to manage assessments and/ Good Practice
disaster and climate or resilient recovery
change risks. planning strengthened. Results-Oriented
Approach

GFDRR grant activities lead to three types of outputs: Technical advisory services | Capacity building |
Analytical and knowledge products and tools
Outputs Areas of Engagement: Using science and innovation for DRM | Promoting resilient infrastructure | Scaling up resilience of
cities | Strengthening hydromet services and early warning systems | Deepening financial protection | Building resilience
at community levels | Deepening engagements in resilience to climate change | Enabling resilient recovery

GFDRR provides grant financing, and mobilizes technical experts through its strategic partnerships
Inputs
with the World Bank Group, national governments, and development partners.
110 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Contributions to priorities for actions of the Sendai the preparation and implementation
Framework. of key DRM instruments; utilizing
Implementing the Sendai information management systems to aid
Framework for Disaster All GFDRR-funded grants align with at
in the sharing and accessibility of risk
Risk Reduction 2015– least one Sendai Framework target and
information for decision-making, and
2030 priority for action (see tables x and x).
policy application and promoting open
In FY22, grants were utilized across a
access in Zimbabwe; strengthening
The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk broad range of activities that responded
the Royal Government of Bhutan’s
Reduction outlines global targets and to and helped with recovery processes,
capacity to use climate and disaster risk
priorities for actions to prevent new as well as with preparedness planning,
information for planning and investment
and reduce existing disaster risks. The using disaster risk management (DRM)
decision making in key sectors; and
targets assess global progress toward approaches. A few examples include
improving the disaster responsiveness
the Framework’s expected long-term strengthening institutional capacity
of existing social protection programs in
outcomes, whereas the priorities outline to manage resilient and inclusive
Pacific Island countries.
those areas requiring focused action reconstruction and recovery from
by countries within and across sectors disasters in Honduras; supporting An overview of how the total active
at local, national, regional, and global the development of adaptive social portfolio of GFDRR indirectly
levels. The facility offers an overview of protection systems in India and Sri contributes to the Sendai Framework
how GFDRR grant-supported activities Lanka; strengthening resilience to targets and actions are outlined in the
align with the seven targets and four natural hazards and climate change by tables 4 and 5 below:
supporting the government of Peru in

Table 4. GFDRR Contributions to Sendai Framework Global Targets

Sendai Framework Global Targets FY22 Portfolio Results
Target A: Substantially reduce global disaster mortality by 2030, aiming to lower average per ∙ 38% of grants indirectly contribute
100,000 global mortality between 2020–2030 compared with 2005–2015 ∙ Supported through 36% of funding
∙ Grants covered 94 countries
Target B: Substantially reduce the number of affected people globally by 2030, aiming to lower ∙ 55% of grants indirectly contribute
the average global figure per 100,000 between 2020–2030 compared with 2005–2015 ∙ Supported through 54% of funding
∙ Grants covered 104 countries
Target C: Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to global GDP by 2030 ∙ 45% of grants indirectly contribute
∙ Supported through 44% of funding
∙ Grants covered 94 countries
Target D: Substantially reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic ∙ 42% of grants indirectly contribute
services, among them health and educational facilities, including through developing their ∙ Supported through 41% of funding
resilience by 2030 ∙ Grants covered 91 countries
Target E: Substantially increase the number of countries with national and local disaster risk ∙ n.a.; The timeline for monitoring
reduction strategies by 2020 this Target expired in 2020
Target F: Substantially enhance international cooperation to developing countries through ∙ 19% of grants indirectly contribute
adequate and sustainable support to complement their national actions for implementation of ∙ Supported through 16% of funding
this framework by 2030 ∙ Grants covered 76 countries
Target G: Substantially increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning ∙ 36% of grants indirectly contribute
systems and disaster risk information and assessments to the people by 2030 ∙ Supported through 38% of funding
∙ Grants covered 110 countries
Note: n.a. = not applicable.
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 111

Table 5. GFDRR Alignment with Sendai Framework Priorities for Action

Sendai Priorities for Action FY22 Portfolio Results

Priority 1: Understanding disaster risk ∙ Aligns with GFDRR Strategic Objectives 1 and 2
∙ 62% of GFDRR grants contribute through 66% of funding
∙ Grants covered 127 countries
Priority 2: Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster ∙ Aligns with GFDRR Strategic Objective 2
risk ∙ 55% of GFDRR grants contribute through 60% of funding
∙ Grants covered 110 countries
Priority 3: Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience ∙ Aligns with GFDRR Strategic Objectives 3 and 4
∙ 45% of GFDRR grants contribute through 48% of funding
∙ Grants covered 93 countries
Priority 4: Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response, and ∙ Aligns with GFDRR Strategic Objective 4
to “Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction ∙ 44% of GFDRR grants contribute through 43% of funding
∙ Grants covered 117 countries

Outcome-Level Results Furthermore, 30 percent of grant into account nature-based solutions for
activities supported utilizing lending projects. On grants supporting
Based on GFDRR’s innovative solutions for addressing risk-informed planning, regulation,
Existing Logical natural hazards. Grants have reported and infrastructure, data indicate that
Framework using structural and nonstructural 38 percent of grants have supported
solutions—for example, in Bosnia and risk-informed planning, regulation,
Table 6 presents GFDRR’s intermediate Herzegovina, a grant is using cadaster and/or infrastructure. GFDRR-funded
outcome-level results of grant activities as a basis for assessing land-based efforts in integrating DRM into
funded through the Umbrella Program. risk and mitigation measures, with infrastructure planning have supported
The results are mapped against GFDRR’s cadaster agencies coordinating spatial new activities and deepened existing
existing Logical Framework’s four data infrastructure to promote the use engagements on disaster resilience and
strategic objectives. of land-based data. Other innovative climate change adaptation in multiple
For progress toward Strategic solutions have been using green and countries in the Europe and Central
Objective 1, 42 percent of grant gray infrastructure for flood reduction Asian region. For example, GFDRR
activities contributed to making and drones for risk mapping. conducted a post-damage assessment
disaster risk or hazard information after the 2020 earthquake in Croatia
Toward Strategic Objective 2, grant
accessible and utilized across 94 and helped inform a lending project
activities supported the efforts of 99
countries; 21 percent of grant activities through a technical assessment in
countries to improve institutional
supported the creation or utilization of Tajikistan. Additionally, in Malawi, a
capacity in disaster and climate risk–
risk profiles and maps that benefited grant helped to advance a legislative
informed policy design and analysis.
stakeholders such as government instrument to enforce building code
To improve disaster risk governance,
officials, community members, the in the informal sector and support the
GFDRR funded a range of activities
private sector, and World Bank teams. institutionalization of the regulations.
that included fostering reforms of
In addition, 30 percent of grant Overall, the activities have contributed
safety nets in the DRM response
activities supported the dissemination to assessing long-term infrastructure
framework in India and strengthening
of knowledge products for disaster and needs and helped make informed
disaster preparedness and resilience
climate resilience such as guidance decisions.
of internally displaced persons (IDPs)
notes, assessment studies, and train- in northern Mozambique. Furthermore, In addition, 18 grant activities have
the-trainer videos. Data show that data show that 49 percent of grant helped empower vulnerable groups to
35 percent of grants facilitated 170 activities contributed to risk-informed manage disaster and climate change
knowledge exchange initiatives at policy formulation or decision-making risks. A grant in the Philippines,
international, regional, and bilateral at local, national, and regional levels. working toward institutionalization of
levels. The knowledge initiatives In Gambia, a GFDRR-funded grant the Disaster Risk Operation Modality
included conferences, field visits, and contributed to building government (DROM) for disaster reduction, helped
study tours and supported collaboration capacity to design and implement enhance community participation in
among communities of practice and resilient infrastructure projects, taking risk analysis during disaster events and
panels of experts.
112 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

prepared climate change vulnerability Multi-Hazard Early Warning Advisory events. To support this goal, the grant
profiles and clusters to inform local System (SEE-MHEWS-A), which is is supporting the Ministry of Finance in
planning processes. strengthening regional weather and operationalizing the Risk Management
flood forecasting, thereby improving the Service and National Emergency Fund
For progress toward Strategic lead-time, accuracy, and resolution of by training government officials and
Objective 3, please see the section on early warnings of hydromet hazards in ensuring that a climate-related fiscal
“Mobilizing Development Financing” the region. The grant will also continue risk component is included in the
(see page 103). to bolster regional cooperation and national budget.
Toward Strategic Objective 4, harmonization and to provide guidance
Furthermore, 11 percent of grant
data indicate that 12 percent of for how the countries can continue
activities contributed to disaster risk–
grant activities contributed to to develop and operationalize SEE-
informed social protection systems
strengthening early warning systems MHEWS-A on completion of GFDRR
across 54 countries. Grants have
and hydrometeorological (hydromet) support.
supported adaptive social protection
services. Some of these grants have On financial resilience, data show programs; for example, in Timor-Leste,
supported building resilience to flood that 10 percent of grants contributed the government is undertaking disaster
hazards in Jordan, enhancing the to increasing financial protection risk analysis to optimize its disaster and
robustness of early warning systems across 52 countries in case of natural climate risk regulatory framework and,
for river floods and droughts in the Nile disasters. Grant activities to increase importantly, to strengthen the country’s
Basin, and strengthening hydromet financial resilience included risk social protection framework for disaster
services in Tunisia and Djibouti. In transfer instruments, contingency preparedness and response. The grant is
the Europe and Central Asia region, a funds, and sovereign disaster risk also helping to make recommendations
GFDRR grant is providing continued financing. In Cabo Verde, a GFDRR- for the social protection needs of
technical assistance to countries funded grant is building fiscal and vulnerable populations in high-risk
developing the South-East European territorial resilience to adverse natural areas.

Table 6. Outcome-Level Results Based on Existing Logical Framework

Strategic Objective 1: Evidence and knowledge on effective disaster and climate resilience approaches are shared for improved policy
and practice.
Intermediate Outcomes FY22 Results
1.1 Risk profiles and hazard maps accessible and ∙ 94 countries supported to have accessible, understandable, and usable disaster
utilized risk information and assessments
∙ 42% of grants contribute to making risk or hazard information accessible and
utilized
∙ 21% of grants support the creation or utilization of risk profiles or hazard maps
1.2 Knowledge products to support disaster and ∙ 30% of grant activities support the utilization of knowledge products for disaster
climate resilience utilized and climate resilience
1.3 Innovative solutions for addressing natural ∙ 30% of grant activities support utilizing innovative solutions for addressing
hazards and climate change risk utilized natural hazard and/or climate change risk
1.4 Good practices, evidence, and results ∙ 60+ GFDRR-funded publications were made available and accessible on the
demonstrating effective disaster and climate facility’s website
resilience disseminated
1.5 Partnerships and knowledge exchange activities ∙ 35% of grants support facilitating international, regional, and/or bilateral
facilitated knowledge exchange activities
∙ 170 international, regional, and/or bilateral knowledge exchange activities
facilitated
Strategic Objective 2: Risk-informed development is adopted at national, subnational, and community levels, using integrated and
participatory approaches.
2.1 Capacity for risk-informed policy formulation in ∙ 66 countries supported for improved disaster risk governance
formal institutions strengthened ∙ 99 countries with improved government institutional capacity in disaster and
climate risk-informed policy design and analysis
2.2 Understanding and/or responsiveness to gender ∙ 13% of grant activities support policy and/or planning documents that include
and socially differentiated risks increased the needs of individuals based on gender, disability, and socioeconomic status
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 113

Table 6. Outcome-Level Results Based on Existing Logical Framework (cont.)

Intermediate Outcomes FY22 Results

Strategic Objective 2: Risk-informed development is adopted at national, subnational, and community levels, using integrated and
participatory approaches (cont.).
2.3 Use of disaster and climate risk information in ∙ 49% of grant activities contribute to risk-informed policy formulation or
decision-making and policy change increased decision-making
2.4 Civil society and communities, including ∙ 16% of grant activities have supported increased citizen engagement in disaster
vulnerable groups, engaged in policy formulation and climate resilience-related policy reform
2.5 Planning, regulation, and infrastructure risk- ∙ 38% of grants have supported risk-informed planning, regulation, and/or
informed infrastructure
∙ 7 grant activities have helped strengthened building codes at the national or
local government level
∙ 16 grant activities have helped strengthen land use planning systems at the
national or local government level
∙ 26 grant activities have helped incorporate DRM measures into infrastructure at
the national or local government level
2.6 Vulnerable groups empowered to manage ∙ 18 grant activities have helped empower vulnerable groups to manage disaster
disaster and climate change risks and climate change risks
Strategic Objective 3: Governments in vulnerable countries have access to additional investments for scaling up disaster and climate
resilience building.
3.1 Additional financing for resilience investments ∙ $2.34 billion was mobilized through $5.2 million funding (16 grants)
from national and subnational governments and/or
development partners mobilized
Strategic Objective 4: Disaster preparedness and resilience recovery capacity is increased at the national, subnational, and
community level.
4.1 Early warning systems and hydromet services ∙ 12% of grant activities contributed to increased access to high-quality early
strengthened warning systems (EWS) and hydromet services
∙ 54 countries with strengthened early warning systems and hydromet services
4.2 Vulnerable individuals covered by social ∙ 11% of grant activities contributing to disaster risk-informed social protection
protection systems in the event of disaster systems
4.3 Financial resilience of governments and private ∙ 10% of grant activities contributing to increased financial protection of
sector increased governments in case of natural disasters
4.4 Understanding and/or responsiveness to gender- ∙ 686 people trained through participation in the gender-sensitive post-disaster
sensitive needs in preparedness planning/and or assessment, and/or recovery planning methodologies
resilient recovery increased
4.5 Civil society and communities engaged in ∙ 10% of grant activities engaged in preparedness planning and/or resilient
preparedness planning and/or resilient recovery recovery include civil society or community groups
4.6 Capacity to conduct post-disaster assessments ∙ 6% of grant activities supporting resilient recovery training and capacity
and/or resilient recovery planning strengthened building
114 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Annex 2: List of Trust-Funded Activities or Projects

Funded
Grant
Fund Country Activation Closing Amount
Fund Fund Name Fund Status Region Name Country Date Date USD
TF0B9058 Climate Smart Urbanization in SAR ACTV South Asia South Asia 6/30/2022 2/28/2023 700,000
(active)
TF0B9005 Adaptive Social Protection Sri Lanka ACTV South Asia Sri Lanka 6/26/2022 6/30/2023 200,000
TF0B8940 Turkey Green and Future Cities ACTV Europe and Central Turkiye 6/21/2022 3/31/2023 150,000
Asia
TF0B8792 Ukraine Rapid Damage, Loss and Needs ACTV Europe and Central Europe and 6/16/2022 5/31/2023 200,000
Assessment Asia Central Asia
TF0B8894 CRP Supervision & Quality Assurance ACTV Global World 6/16/2022 6/30/2024 200,000
TF0B8872 CRP Planning for Resilience ACTV Global World 6/14/2022 6/30/2024 500,000
TF0B8869 CRP Finance for Resilience ACTV Global World 6/13/2022 6/30/2024 1,000,000
TF0B8871 Leveraging Partnerships for City ACTV Global World 6/13/2022 6/30/2024 500,000
Resilience
TF0B8873 Building urban resilience to disaster ACTV Eastern and South Africa 6/13/2022 6/30/2024 250,000
and climate risk in informal settlements Southern Africa
in eThekwini Municipality, South Africa
TF0B8793 Consolidating Disaster Risk ACTV Latin America and Honduras 6/10/2022 10/31/2023 175,000
Management and Climate Adaptation Caribbean
Framework for Honduras
TF0B8748 Ukraine Conflict Damage Estimation ACTV Europe and Central Ukraine 6/9/2022 7/31/2022 40,000
and Exposure Analysis Asia
TF0B8795 Erosion Management for Climate ACTV Eastern and Congo, 6/6/2022 6/30/2023 500,000
Adaptation in DRC Southern Africa Democratic
Republic of
TF0B8816 Enhancing integration of social ACTV East Asia and Indonesia 6/3/2022 10/31/2023 150,000
inclusion and social protection in Pacific
Disaster Risk Management in Indonesia
TF0B8806 GFDRR MDTF for Averted Disaster ACTV East Asia and East Asia and 6/2/2022 3/31/2023 200,000
Award Pacific Pacific
TF0B8807 GFDRR MDTF for EAP Emissions ACTV East Asia and East Asia and 6/2/2022 8/30/2024 150,000
Reduction Program - Mobilizing Capital Pacific Pacific
for Climate and Disaster Risk Reduction
Investments from Global Emission
Reduction Credit Markets
TF0B8747 Strengthening Jordan’s DRM and ACTV Middle East and Jordan 5/31/2022 11/30/2023 290,000
Climate Resilience North Africa
TF0B8693 Towards Shock Responsive Social ACTV Latin America and Latin 5/27/2022 5/31/2024 500,000
Protection in the LAC Region Caribbean America
TF0B8692 Benin: Strengthening DRM in urban ACTV Western and Central Benin 5/23/2022 6/30/2023 300,000
planning and municipal investments Africa
TF0B8633 Supporting preparedness diagnostics ACTV Eastern and Uganda 5/16/2022 9/30/2023 193,000
and urban resilience investment Southern Africa
planning in Uganda
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 115

Annex 2: List of Trust-Funded Activities or Projects Funded (cont.)

Grant
Fund Country Activation Closing Amount
Fund Fund Name Fund Status Region Name Country Date Date USD
TF0B8612 BHUTAN: Understanding Risk and ACTV South Asia Bhutan 5/11/2022 6/30/2024 500,000
Enhancing Resilience
TF0B8560 Vietnam – Analytical work on climate ACTV East Asia and Vietnam 5/9/2022 5/31/2023 75,000
and natural hazards-induced migration Pacific
TF0B8546 The Philippines - Support to Climate ACTV East Asia and Philippines 5/6/2022 12/31/2024 450,000
and Disaster Risk-Informed Policies, Pacific
Institutional Strengthening, and
Budgets Execution
TF0B8566 GFDRR MDTF - Mainstreaming ACTV Western and Central Niger 5/4/2022 3/31/2024 300,000
Resilience in Urban Management in Africa
Niger
TF0B8478 Informing Urban Resilience in Sudan ACTV Eastern and Sudan 4/22/2022 9/30/2023 125,761
Southern Africa
TF0B8313 Enhancing Capacity for Resilient Public ACTV Latin America and Costa Rica 4/18/2022 12/31/2022 150,000
Investments in Costa Rica Caribbean
TF0B8301 Digital Earth for Urban Resilience in ACTV Eastern and Congo, 4/14/2022 12/31/2023 250,000
Kinshasa Southern Africa Democratic
Republic of
TF0B8345 Uzbekistan - Resilient Cities for ACTV Europe and Central Uzbekistan 4/13/2022 6/30/2023 200,000
Competitiveness Asia
TF0B8431 Enhancing Flood Resilience in Rwanda ACTV Eastern and Rwanda 4/13/2022 10/31/2023 450,000
Southern Africa
TF0B8388 Strengthening the resilience of ACTV Western and Central Cabo Verde 4/10/2022 7/31/2023 150,000
economic growth and local economic Africa
activity to disaster and climate-related
shocks in Cape Verde
TF0B8419 Peru Oil Spill Response ACTV Latin America and Peru 4/10/2022 10/31/2022 50,000
Caribbean
TF0B8379 Deepening interventions in disaster risk ACTV Europe and Central Europe and 4/4/2022 12/31/2024 500,000
reduction, preparedness, and climate Asia Central Asia
adaptation in ECA
TF0B8288 Gambia: Mainstreaming Resilience into ACTV Western and Central Gambia, The 4/1/2022 12/31/2023 250,000
Land and Development Planning Africa
TF0B8311 Enhancing Flood Risk Reduction and ACTV Eastern and South Sudan 3/30/2022 12/31/2023 400,000
Disaster Risk Management in South Southern Africa
Sudan
TF0B8300 Developing an Adaptive Social ACTV East Asia and Timor-Leste 3/29/2022 6/30/2023 150,000
Protection Framework in Timor-Leste Pacific
TF0B8305 Enhancing data collection and land ACTV Western and Central Cote d'Ivoire 3/29/2022 3/31/2024 300,000
management for improved urban Africa
resilience in Côte d’Ivoire
TF0B8276 Mongolia: Exploring options for ACTV East Asia and Mongolia 3/23/2022 9/30/2023 150,000
resilient housing retrofit in ger districts Pacific
in select cities
TF0B8277 Supporting preparation and ACTV Latin America and Peru 3/23/2022 3/31/2023 75,000
implementation of key DRM instruments Caribbean
in Peru
TF0B8193 Mozambique Urban and Housing ACTV Eastern and Mozambique 3/11/2022 1/31/2024 250,000
Resilience Mapping and Guidelines Southern Africa
TF0B8145 Enhancing Disaster and Climate ACTV Eastern and Ethiopia 3/9/2022 1/31/2024 400,000
Resilient Slum Upgrading in Ethiopia Southern Africa
116 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Annex 2: List of Trust-Funded Activities or Projects Funded (cont.)

Grant
Fund Country Activation Closing Amount
Fund Fund Name Fund Status Region Name Country Date Date USD
TF0B8103 Strengthening Institutional Capacities ACTV Latin America and Panama 2/23/2022 12/31/2022 150,000
for Comprehensive DRM in Panama Caribbean
TF0B8023 Zambia Disaster Risk Management ACTV Eastern and Zambia 2/15/2022 9/30/2022 150,000
Diagnostics Southern Africa
TF0B8024 Support to Evidence-based Disaster and ACTV East Asia and Timor-Leste 2/14/2022 4/30/2023 600,000
Climate Risk Management Financing in Pacific
Timor-Leste
TF0B7990 Disaster Resilient Recovery and ACTV Eastern and Ethiopia 2/7/2022 7/31/2022 400,000
Reconstruction in Post Conflict Ethiopia Southern Africa
TF0B7935 Thailand Community Level Climate Risk ACTV East Asia and Thailand 2/2/2022 9/30/2022 50,000
Pacific
TF0B7934 Philippines CCDR: Integrating People ACTV East Asia and Philippines 2/1/2022 5/31/2022 50,000
and DRM in Urban Areas Pacific
TF0B7907 Supporting DRM Policy Dialogue in ACTV Western and Central Senegal 1/28/2022 5/31/2023 200,000
Senegal Africa
TF0B7883 Disaster Risk Quantification, Financing, ACTV East Asia and Tonga 1/26/2022 10/31/2023 550,000
and Policy reforms for Resilience Pacific
Building in Tonga
TF0B7897 Support for Resilient Village ACTV East Asia and Indonesia 1/26/2022 12/31/2022 50,000
Infrastructure in Indonesia Pacific
TF0B7862 Philippines: Support to Government’s ACTV East Asia and Philippines 1/23/2022 11/30/2022 50,000
Conduct of Post- Disaster Needs Pacific
Assessment and Recovery Planning for
Typhoon Odette (RAI) (Reg)
TF0B7846 GRADE Assessment: Rapid Post Haiti ACTV Latin America and Haiti 1/21/2022 6/30/2022 50,000
Earthquake Disaster Response Caribbean
TF0B7863 Philippines: Support to Government’s ACTV East Asia and Philippines 1/21/2022 11/30/2022 50,000
Conduct of Post- Disaster Needs Pacific
Assessment and Recovery Planning for
Typhoon Odette (RAI) (CMU)
TF0B7859 Support to Rapid Post-Disaster ACTV East Asia and Tonga 1/20/2022 9/30/2022 50,000
Assessment and Recovery Planning in Pacific
Tonga (JIT)
TF0B7860 Support to Rapid Post-Disaster ACTV East Asia and Tonga 1/20/2022 9/30/2022 50,000
Assessment and Recovery Planning in Pacific
Tonga (MDTF)
TF0B7684 Flood Resilience in N’Djamena ACTV Western and Central Chad 12/21/2021 4/30/2023 400,000
Africa
TF0B7685 Resilient Urban Sierra Leone Technical ACTV Western and Central Sierra Leone 12/20/2021 6/30/2023 250,000
Assistance Africa
TF0B7711 Supporting the Operationalization of ACTV Europe and Central Moldova 12/20/2021 6/30/2023 200,000
the DRM and Climate Resilience Agenda Asia
in Moldova
TF0B7712 Policy and Institutional Reforms for ACTV Eastern and Malawi 12/20/2021 6/30/2023 250,000
Disaster Risk Preparedness in Malawi Southern Africa
TF0B7683 Evaluating and strengthening Morocco’s ACTV Middle East and Middle East 12/17/2021 12/31/2023 350,000
national flood risk management North Africa and North
approach Africa
TF0B7472 Supporting Holistic DRM in Albania ACTV Europe and Central Albania 11/26/2021 5/31/2023 200,000
Asia
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 117

Annex 2: List of Trust-Funded Activities or Projects Funded (cont.)

Grant
Fund Country Activation Closing Amount
Fund Fund Name Fund Status Region Name Country Date Date USD
TF0B7504 City Resilience Program Grant ACTV East Asia and Vietnam 11/26/2021 8/31/2022 300,000
Pacific
TF0B7447 Global Program for Disaster Risk ACTV Global World 11/18/2021 6/30/2025 500,000
Analytics
TF0B7351 Global Program for Emergency ACTV Global World 11/9/2021 6/30/2024 300,000
Preparedness and Response
TF0B7360 Global Hydromet Program 2.0 ACTV Global World 11/9/2021 8/31/2024 550,000
TF0B7270 Global Program on Resilient ACTV Global World 11/3/2021 8/29/2024 500,000
Infrastructure
TF0B7077 Building Regulation for Resilient, Green ACTV Global World 10/7/2021 12/31/2023 350,000
and Inclusive Built Environment (MDTF)
TF0B6941 Scaling and Mainstreaming Resilience ACTV Global World 10/4/2021 4/30/2023 250,000
Knowledge and Innovation through
Global Communities of Practice
TF0B6933 GFDRR MDTF Grant Proposal Global ACTV Global World 9/28/2021 6/30/2022 50,000
Program for Resilient Housing – Phase 2
TF0B6990 Global Program on Digital Earth ACTV Global World 9/28/2021 9/30/2022 600,000
Partnership for Resilience
TF0B6914 Global Program for Safer Schools - ACTV Global World 9/22/2021 6/30/2023 400,000
MDTF grant
TF0B6586 Gambia: Enhancing capacity to manage ACTV Western and Central Gambia, The 8/30/2021 11/30/2022 130,000
resilient infrastructure investments Africa
TF0B6228 Burundi MDTF Grant ACTV Eastern and Burundi 8/27/2021 6/30/2023 512,500
Southern Africa
TF0B6536 Strengthening Disaster Preparedness ACTV Eastern and Mozambique 8/10/2021 12/31/2022 181,000
and Resilience of Internally Displaced Southern Africa
Persons (IDPs) in Northern Mozambique
TF0B6307 Supporting the operationalization ACTV Middle East and Middle East 8/9/2021 5/31/2023 92,000
of Algeria’s National Disaster Risk North Africa and North
Management strategy Africa
TF0B6298 EAP Regional Extreme Urban Heat ACTV East Asia and East Asia and 7/27/2021 3/31/2023 450,000
Study – Assessing Risk and Adapting to Pacific Pacific
Impacts
TF0B6299 EAP Regional Understanding Risk ACTV East Asia and East Asia and 7/27/2021 12/31/2022 275,000
Forum Pacific Pacific
TF0B6306 Strengthening Jordan institutional ACTV Middle East and Middle East 7/23/2021 6/30/2022 100,000
capacity on DRM North Africa and North
Africa
TF0B6305 Cambodia – Mainstreaming of Disaster ACTV East Asia and Cambodia 7/15/2021 12/31/2022 120,000
and Climate Resilience in Rural Areas Pacific
TF0B6177 GFDRR MDTF – Resilient Housing ACTV Middle East and Lebanon 6/29/2021 6/30/2023 100,000
Reconstruction for a Green and North Africa
Inclusive Beirut
TF0B6093 BRISA ACTV Latin America and Costa Rica 6/21/2021 6/30/2023 250,000
Caribbean
TF0B6063 LAC RISING - Promoting Resilient ACTV Latin America and Latin 6/14/2021 6/30/2023 200,000
Infrastructure in LAC Caribbean America
TF0B6049 The Philippines - Support to Ready to ACTV East Asia and Philippines 6/10/2021 6/30/2022 150,000
Rebuild Program and GeoRiskPH Pacific
TF0B6052 South Sudan Flood Damage and LCLS (legally Eastern and South Sudan 6/10/2021 11/30/2021 94,922
Recovery Needs Assessment closed) Southern Africa
118 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Annex 2: List of Trust-Funded Activities or Projects Funded (cont.)

Grant
Fund Country Activation Closing Amount
Fund Fund Name Fund Status Region Name Country Date Date USD
TF0B6050 DRM COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY ACTV Latin America and Latin 6/9/2021 12/31/2022 100,000
IN LAC Caribbean America
TF0B6036 Kenya-Enhancing the Government's ACTV Eastern and Kenya 6/8/2021 5/16/2023 200,000
capacity to manage disaster risk and Southern Africa
fortifying its building regulations for
resilience.
TF0B5987 Sustainable risk reduction and ACTV Eastern and Tanzania 6/7/2021 6/30/2022 250,000
resettlement in Tanzania’s cities Southern Africa
TF0B5881 Understanding the Growth of Urban LCLS Africa Africa 5/26/2021 11/30/2021 74,957
Flood Risks in Africa
TF0B5895 Hands-on Implementation Support to ACTV Latin America and Honduras 5/25/2021 6/30/2023 100,000
Resilient Recovery from Tropical Storms Caribbean
Eta and Iota
TF0B5897 Enhancing Regional Disaster Risk ACTV Middle East and Middle East 5/25/2021 5/31/2023 300,000
Preparedness through Strengthening North Africa and North
Hydromet and Early Warning Services Africa
TF0B5903 Tropical Cyclone Seroja post-disaster ACTV East Asia and Timor-Leste 5/25/2021 4/30/2023 262,000
assessment and support to resilience Pacific
building
TF0B5899 Enhance Nicaragua’s post Hurricanes ACTV Latin America and Nicaragua 5/24/2021 6/30/2023 100,000
Eta and Iota disaster capacity response Caribbean
TF0B5848 Nile Basin Flood Inundation Mapping ACTV Eastern and Eastern and 5/19/2021 4/30/2022 100,000
Project Southern Africa Southern
Africa
TF0B5795 Assessing the Nexus of Land ACTV Europe and Central Bosnia and 5/18/2021 4/30/2023 250,000
Administration and Resilience to Asia Herzegovina
Disaster and Climate Risks
TF0B5806 Global Program on NBS for Climate ACTV Global World 5/12/2021 6/30/2024 1,550,000
Resilience
TF0B5782 Madagascar: Strengthening Urban and ACTV Eastern and Madagascar 5/10/2021 6/30/2023 650,000
Coastal Resilience Southern Africa
TF0B5783 China New MDTF ACTV East Asia and China 5/10/2021 6/30/2022 75,000
Pacific
TF0B5612 Strengthening Climate Resilience in Sri ACTV South Asia Sri Lanka 4/21/2021 6/30/2023 200,000
Lanka
TF0B5536 CAMBODIA - PILOTING FLOOD ACTV East Asia and Cambodia 3/30/2021 6/30/2023 150,000
MANAGEMENT PLANNING TOOL AT THE Pacific
SANGKAT LEVEL, PHNOM PHEN
TF0B5339 Advancing Resilience Dialogue in LCLS Eastern and Uganda 3/16/2021 8/31/2022 7,543
Uganda Southern Africa
TF0B5401 STRENGTHENING INCLUSIVE ACTV Global World 3/14/2021 2/28/2023 350,000
APPROACHES TO DRM
TF0B5226 Sustainable Cities Implementation ACTV Europe and Central EU Accession 3/3/2021 3/31/2022 150,000
Framework (ECCEU) Asia Countries
TF0B5298 Strengthening DRM and Urban LCLS Eastern and Sudan 3/2/2021 8/31/2022 74,239
Resilience in Sudan Southern Africa
TF0B5164 Informing Disaster Preparedness and LCLS Global World 2/18/2021 11/30/2021 199,624
Response Through Mobility Data
TF0B5108 MNA Regional Mainstreaming DRM ACTV Middle East and Middle East 2/17/2021 2/28/2023 400,000
Support North Africa and North
Africa
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 119

Annex 2: List of Trust-Funded Activities or Projects Funded (cont.)

Grant
Fund Country Activation Closing Amount
Fund Fund Name Fund Status Region Name Country Date Date USD
TF0B4983 Resilient Recovery Program 2.0 ACTV Global World 2/8/2021 9/30/2022 470,000
TF0B4982 Strengthening the resilience of fiscal ACTV Western and Central Cabo Verde 1/29/2021 4/30/2022 135,000
and territorial planning systems of Cabo Africa
Verde to disaster and climate-related
shocks
TF0B4956 DRM-FCV Nexus Phase II ACTV Global World 1/21/2021 11/30/2022 300,000
TF0B4852 Development of Action Plan to Support LCLS East Asia and Philippines 1/14/2021 4/30/2022 149,965
Community-based Disaster and Climate Pacific
Risk Reduction in EAP Region
TF0B4911 Strengthening Urban Resilience in ACTV Eastern and Rwanda 1/14/2021 6/30/2024 400,000
Rwanda Southern Africa
TF0B4853 Strengthening risk-informed ACTV Eastern and Malawi 1/8/2021 6/30/2022 200,000
development in Malawi Southern Africa
TF0B4717 Towards Adaptive Social Protection in ACTV Europe and Central Europe and 12/16/2020 12/31/2022 300,000
ECA Asia Central Asia
TF0B4771 South Sudan Emergency Flood Damage LCLS Eastern and South Sudan 12/16/2020 9/30/2021 49,888
Needs Assessment Southern Africa
TF0B4679 Strengthening Disaster Risk Governance ACTV Eastern and Zimbabwe 12/10/2020 12/31/2022 150,000
and Systems in Zimbabwe Southern Africa
TF0B4647 Assistance for Preliminary Assessment LCLS Eastern and Congo, 12/4/2020 12/31/2021 147,593
of Erosion-Control Measures in Southern Africa Democratic
Kananga, DRC Republic of
TF0B4441 Digital Work for Urban Resilience ACTV Africa Africa 11/17/2020 12/31/2022 750,000
TF0B4459 Africa Disaster Risk Analytics ACTV Africa Africa 11/17/2020 12/31/2022 394,000
Program to Build Resilient-Informed
Engagements, SCD and CPF (Phase 2)
TF0B4207 Supporting regional promotion of SEE- ACTV Europe and Central Europe and 11/5/2020 6/30/2022 200,000
MHEWS-A Asia Central Asia
TF0B4388 Climate Change Adaptation and ACTV Europe and Central Turkiye 11/3/2020 10/31/2022 200,000
Disaster Resilience in Turkey: Asia
establishing a baseline to inform
national policies
TF0B4330 Scaling-Up Nature-Based Solutions in ACTV Africa Africa 10/30/2020 6/30/2022 250,000
Africa
TF0B4206 Accelerating and Deepening Disaster ACTV Europe and Central Europe and 10/27/2020 2/28/2023 700,000
Resilience and Climate Change Asia Central Asia
Adaptation in the ECA Region
TF0B4154 Disaster Risk Management Support for ACTV Africa Africa 10/9/2020 7/31/2023 750,000
the Africa Region
TF0B3972 Toward Disaster Responsive Social LCLS East Asia and Vietnam 10/6/2020 8/31/2021 49,988
Protection System: Application to Tra Pacific
Vinh Province, Vietnam
TF0B4064 Turkey Urban Resilience: Improving ACTV Europe and Central Turkiye 9/29/2020 10/31/2022 400,000
Private Sector Participation in Urban Asia
Transformation
TF0B3985 Philippines: Institutionalizing ACTV East Asia and Philippines 9/24/2020 12/31/2022 200,000
Community-Based Disaster Risk Pacific
Operation Modality
TF0B3837 Strengthening Hydromet Services LCLS Global Multi- 9/11/2020 12/31/2021 499,991
by Increasing Sustainability of Regional
Observation Systems
120 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Annex 2: List of Trust-Funded Activities or Projects Funded (cont.)

Grant
Fund Country Activation Closing Amount
Fund Fund Name Fund Status Region Name Country Date Date USD
TF0B3789 Analysis for impact: The toolbox for ACTV Global World 8/28/2020 3/31/2022 600,000
operational analytics on resilient cities,
infrastructure, and communities
TF0B3827 Integrating disaster risk management in ACTV East Asia and China 8/28/2020 6/30/2022 590,000
urban operations in China Pacific
TF0B3642 Mongolia City Competitiveness and ACTV East Asia and Mongolia 7/30/2020 12/31/2022 200,000
Resilience Pacific
TF0B3552 CRP Finance for Resilience LCLS Global Multi- 7/22/2020 6/30/2024 2,068,995
Regional
TF0B3559 CRP Partnerships for Resilience LCLS Global Multi- 7/22/2020 6/30/2024 162,810
Regional
TF0B3560 CRP Planning for Resilience LCLS Global Multi- 7/22/2020 6/30/2024 1,136,241
Regional
TF0B2661 Strengthening Hydromet Services LCLS Global Multi- 4/16/2020 8/31/2021 758,282
Through Knowledge and Partnerships Regional
TF0B1052 Strengthening Peruvian Social LCLS Latin America and Peru 8/30/2019 11/30/2021 106,719
Protection System as a Disaster Risk Caribbean
Mitigation Mechanism
TF0B0818 Tackling Natural Hazards through LCLS East Asia and East Asia and 8/8/2019 8/31/2021 284,211
Adaptive Social Protection in the Pacific Pacific Pacific
TF0A9232 Natural Shock Responsive Adaptive LCLS South Asia South Asia 12/4/2018 11/30/2021 505,939
Social Protection in South Asia
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 121

Annex 3: Key Umbrella Program Data

Umbrella Name Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) Umbrella Program
Names of Anchor Fund and Anchor Fund
Associated Trust Funds GFDRR Multi-Donor Trust Fund for Supporting Disaster and Climate Resilience in Developing
Countries (MDTF III) (TF073410)
Associated Trust Funds
∙ Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery Trust Fund for Mainstreaming Disaster
Risk Management in Developing Countries (USAID) (TF072896)
∙ City Resilience Program Multi Donor Trust Fund (CRP) (TF072921)

Umbrella Donors Australia, Austria, Canada, European Union, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway, Sweden,
Switzerland, and the United States.
Umbrella Managing Business Umbrella Managing Business Unit: GFDRR
Unit and Collaborating Business Collaborating Business Units within the World Bank: Urban, Disaster Risk Management,
Units Resilience and Land (GPURL); Climate Change Group; Social Protection and Jobs;
Infrastructure; Transport; Water; Energy; Poverty; Environment; Social Sustainability and
Inclusion; Governance; Gender; Agriculture; Finance, Competitiveness and Innovation (FCI)
Umbrella Program Manager Niels Holm-Nielsen, Practice Manager
(UPM) Name and Title
Sector/Theme and Geographic Climate Change
Scope Global
Activation Dates MDTF III: 11/19/2019
USAID: 09/18/2017
CRP: 10/19/2017
End-Disbursement Dates MDTF III: 04/30/2028
USAID: 12/31/2027
CRP: 12/31/2027
Frequency of Progress Reports Annual
122 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Abbreviations
ACP African, Caribbean, and Pacific
AFR Africa region
ADs Afro-descendants
ASIG State Authority on Geospatial Information (Albania)
ATF Associated Trust Fund
BHA Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (USAID)
BRCA Building Regulation and Capacity Assessment
BRR Building Regulation for Resilience
BS2BT Bantuan Pembiayaan Perumahan Berbasis Tabungan (Indonesia)
BSPS Bantuan Stimulan Perumahan Swadaya (Indonesia)
CAFF Climate Adaptation Financing Facility
CatDDO Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Option
CBDRM Community-Based Disaster Risk Management
CCA climate change adaptation
CCDR Country Climate and Development Reports
CCRIF Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility
CCRIFSPC Caribbean Catastrophe Risk Insurance Facility Segregated Portfolio Company
CDCs community development councils
CDEMA Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency
CDI Composite Drought Index
CDM comprehensive disaster management
CDUK Kinshasa Urban Development Unit
CEAP Citizen Engagement Action Plan
CEM Country Economic Memorandum
CERC Contingency Emergency Response Component
COP26 UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow
CODB Centralized Operational Database
COPECO Permanent Contingency Commission (Honduras)
COS civil society organizations
CPF Country Partnership Framework
CPFRB Caribbean Physical and Financial Resilience Building Program
CRBFF Caribbean Regional Resilience Building Facility
CRF Canada-Caribbean Resilience Facility
CRIP Climate Resilience Improvement Project (Sri Lanka)
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 123

Abbreviations (cont.)
CRP City Resilience Program
CSO civil society organization
CRW Crisis Response Window
DaLA Damage and Loss Assessment
DE digital Earth (thematic area)
DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)
DGPC Civil Protection General Directorate (Haiti)
DMDN Disaster Mobility Data Network
DPLs Development Policy Loans
DRA disaster risk analytics
DRF disaster risk financing
DRFI disaster risk financing and insurance
DRM disaster risk management
DROM Disaster Risk Operation Modality (Philippines)
DRR disaster risk reduction
EAP East Asia and Pacific
ECA Europe and Central Asia
ECMWF European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
EO Earth observation
EOC emergency operations center
EP&R emergency preparedness and response
ESA European Space Agency
EU European Union
EU-SAR DRM EU-South Asia Capacity Building for Disaster Risk Management
EWSs early warning systems
FCI Finance, Competitiveness, and Innovation (World Bank Global Practice)
FCV fragility, conflict, and violence
FDNA Flood Damage and Needs Assessment
FSM Federated States of Micronesia
GBV gender-based violence
GDA Global Development Assistance (ESA program)
GEF Global Environment Facility
GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery
GIF Global Infrastructure Facility
GIS geographic information system
124 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Abbreviations (cont.)
GISAT Geo Imaging Satellite
GPDRR 7th Session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction
GPR ground penetrating radar
GPURL Global Practice of Urban, Disaster Risk, Resilience, and Land
GRADE Global RApid post-disaster Damage Estimation
GRID green, resilient, and inclusive development
GRiF Global Risk Financing Facility
GWE Global Weather Enterprise
GWEF Global Weather Enterprise Forum
HEPR Health Emergency Preparedness and Response
HNP Health, Population and Nutrition (World Bank Global Practice)
hydromet hydrometeorological
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICUD Integrated Cities and Urban Development
IDA International Development Association
IDPs internally displaced persons
IEG Independent Evaluation Group (of the World Bank Group)
IGN National Geographic Institute (Dominican Republic)
IFC International Finance Corporation
InSAR Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar
IPF Investment Project Financing
IPs Indigenous Peoples
IPUR Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk
ISAU Higher Institute of Architecture and City Planning (Democratic Republic of Congo)
IT information technology
Japan Program Japan–World Bank Program for Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Management in Developing Countries Cooperation Agency
JIT Just-in-Time
KISIP Kenya Informal Settlement Improvement Project
KWPF Kenya–World Bank Partnership Facility
LAC Latin America and the Caribbean
LLE Lessons Learned Exercise
M&E monitoring and evaluation
MCR2030 Making Cities Resilient 2030
MDTF Multi-Donor Trust Fund
MENA Middle East and North Africa
 Annual Report 2022 Bringing Resilience to Scale / 125

Abbreviations (cont.)
MIDIS Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion (Peru)
NAHP National Affordable Housing Program (Indonesia)
NAPA National Adaptations Programme of Actions (South Sudan)
NBRO National Building Research Organization (Sri Lanka)
NBS nature-based solutions
NCMHS national climate, meteorological, and hydrological services
NCPA National Civil Protection Agency (Albania)
NDF Nordic Development Fund
NDMA National Disaster Management Authority (Sierra Leone)
NDRR Natural Disaster Risk Reduction
NGO nongovernmental organization
NMHSs National Meteorological and Hydrological Services
NNBF Nature and Nature-Based Features
NWP numerical weather prediction
O&M operations and maintenance
OACPS Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States
OCTs Overseas Countries and Territories
ODA official development assistance
ODI Overseas Development Institute
OLC Open Learning Campus
PC Partnership Council
PCGIR Central American Policy on Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management
PDNA Post-Disaster Needs Assessment
PforR Program for Results Financing
PMA program management and administration
PMU Program Management Unit (GFDRR)
PNGIRD Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management National Policy (Panama)
PPCR Pilot Program for Climate Resilience
PPIAF Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility
PRDD Provincial Road Development Department (Sri Lanka)
QAQC quality assurance and quality control
R2R Ready2Respond
RDNA Rapid Damage and Needs Assessment
SAHF South Asia Hydromet Forum
SAHF III South Asia Hydromet Forum III
126 / Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

Abbreviations (cont.)
SAR South Asia
SCD Systematic Country Diagnostic
SDGs Sustainable Development Goals
SDTF Single-Donor Trust Fund
SECs Settlement Executive Committees (Kenya)
SECO Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs
SINAPROC National Civil Protection System (Panama)
SEE-MHEWS-A South-East European Multi-Hazard Early Warning Advisory System
SEZs special economic zones
SIDS small island developing states
SINAGER National DRM System (Honduras)
SNGRD National Disaster Risk Management System (Haiti)
SPC Secretariat of the Pacific Community
SURGE Sustainable Urban and Regional Development
TA technical assistance
TACTIC project Tanzania Cities Transforming Infrastructure and Competitiveness project
TTL Task Team Leader
UN United Nations
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNDRR United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction
UR Understanding Risk
USAID United States Agency for International Development
Uva PRRD Uva Provincial Road Development Department (Sri Lanka)
UWI University of the West Indies
WMO World Meteorological Organization
WRC5 The World Reconstruction Conference 5
WSF World Settlement Footprint
 GFDRR MEMBERS

AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA CANADA GERMANY ITALY

JAPAN NORWAY SWEDEN SWITZERLAND UNITED STATES EUROPEAN UNION

The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR)

www.gfdrr.org

is a global partnership that helps low- and lower-middle-income

countries better understand and reduce their vulnerabilities to
natural hazards and adapt to climate change. GFDRR provides grant
financing, technical assistance, training and knowledge sharing
activities to mainstream disaster and climate risk management in
national and regional policies, strategies, and investment plans. The
Program Management Unit, located within the World Bank, manages
grant resources to carry out GFDRR’s mission.