A Detailed Lesson Plan in Science Grade 8

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:
a. Identify the structures of the digestive system;
b. Define the different function of the organs of Digestive system
c. Demonstrate an understanding of digestive system functions
II. SUBJECT MATTER
a. Topic: Structure and Functions of the Digestive System.
b. Reference: (book title, author, pages)
III. Instructional Materials: Pictures, crackers, powerpoint presentation,
whiteboard,
IV. PROCEDURES

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENTS’ ACTIVITY

A. Preliminary Activities

Greetings
Prayers (Students are doing the activities)
Checking of Attendance
Classroom Management

B. Review

Before we proceed to our lesson,

let’s have a recap from what we (Students are doing the recap)
have discussed last meeting.
(Teacher asking students about the
lesson yesterday.)

C. Motivation

Ok class, did you have your breakfast? (Some students raised their hands)
Who among you here did not have his/her
breakfast?

Are you hungry now? Yes sir

Before we start our lesson, we will have (Each student will be given 2
some activity. crackers)

Activity: CRACKER IN THE MOUTH

Step 1- Put a regular cracker into
your mouth and chew.
Step 2- Place the new cracker in
your mouth and let it sit for 2
minutes.
Okay class, what do you observed in our
activity?

What does it feels like initially?

What it feels after 2 minutes in your mouth Varied answers of the students
and what it feels like when you chew it?

Very good class!

Our activity shows how the saliva in our
mouth lubricates and soften the food we
ate.

Based from the activity ,what is our lesson

today ?
Digestion Ma’am
Are you ready now to our lesson?
It’s all about digestive System

Very good class !

D. Lesson Proper

I’m going to divide you into four groups, Yes sir!

choose one representative in your group
and proceed in front.

Here are four envelopes then choose one 4 students will approach the front.)
envelope then proceed to your respective
group.
Students will return to their group
Now let’s open the envelope then identify with the envelope.
the specific picture and discuss its function
in 3 minutes.
They are parts of Digestive System.
Okay, Times Up! What have you noticed
about the pictures?

Yes, very good! And now we will discuss

about the digestive system in detail.

Ok class, do you have any idea about the The Digestive system is the one
Digestive System? responsible for the food we eat.

That is correct!

The Digestive System is responsible for

the breakdown and absorption of the
nutrients from the food thereby bringing
energy for the body, and it is divided into
two parts the organ of alimentary tract that
comes in contact with the food and the
accessory organ that pour out secretion to
assess in the digestive system.

What is the process by which the food is

broken into smaller components that the Digestion
body can absorb to nourish the cell?

What are the two phases of Digestion? Mechanical and Chemical

Digestion
During mechanical digestion the food is
broken down into smaller pieces in the
process of chewing or mastication.
Example is the cracker in the mouth
activity.
In chemical digestion the food is acted
upon the chemical subs called enzymes.
The enzymes convert the food into their
simplest form.

Ok class, did you understand? Yes, Ma’am.

Now class, one representative per group

will discuss their collaboration in front. Yes, Ma’am.

Who among you here have the mouth and

esophagus image? We have it!

Be the first to discuss your work. The mouth is where the digestion
begins, in the mouth the food is
mechanically and chemically
digested.
Very good! You may now take your seat.

The mouth contains the following

structures.
The teeth which breaks down the food into
smaller pieces.
The tongue a muscular organ that mixes
the food with saliva aids in swallowing.
The duct of the salivary glands that
secretes saliva that lubricate the food.

What is the enzyme that digest the

carbohydrates in the mouth?
Salivary Amylase Ptyalin
That is correct!
The food that enters the mouth is chewed
and it is now called bolus.

Let’s follow the food as it passes through

the digestive system.

Okay, from the mouth food passes through

the what?
Pharynx
Yes, that’s right, and who have the picture
of the pharynx, can you share your ideas?
The pharynx or throat is located
posterior to the mouth, it is the
common passageway for digestion
Very good! and respiration.
The pharynx is 5-6 inches long. During
swallowing, the sphincter muscles relaxes
and raise the epiglottis which prevents the
bolus or the food from entering in the
trachea.

What prevent the bolus or food from

entering the trachea?
Epiglottis
After the food passes through the pharynx
the next is? Esophagus
Correct! Which group will discuss about the
esophagus?
The esophagus is a muscular tube
through where the food s from
pharynx to the stomach.
Very good! You may return to your seat.

During swallowing, the bolus is conveyed

by the esophagus into the stomach via
wavelike contraction and relaxation of
involuntary muscle that is called
peristalsis.

What is that wavelike contraction or

rhythmic movement? Peristalsis

Through peristalsis, the food goes through

the cardiac sphincter a ring shape
muscles, where food enters from the
esophagus to the stomach to prevent food
reflux.

So again, what is the muscles that prevent

food reflux? Cardiac Sphincter

That is correct!

Now, after the food pass through the

esophagus and next is the? Stomach

Can you discuss it in front? The stomach is an expanding organ

located between the esophagus
and small intestine. The stomach
stores the food and mixes the food
with gastric juice.
Yes, the stomach is a pear-shaped organ
that is about 30.5 cm long and 15.2 wide,
the bolus enters the stomach will convert to
semi fluid partially digested food, what we
called? Chyme

Very good and now next organ is the small

intestines.

Please go in front and discuss. Small intestine is considered as

the organ of complete digestion and
absorption, it is considered as the
longest organ of the digestive
system.
Yes, good job.
The chyme enters to the small intestines
through the pyloric sphincter, the small
intestine signals the pancreas to produce
pancreatic juice, and the gall bladder to
release bile.
Pancreatic juices aid in the digestion of
protein and carbohydrates and the bile is
responsible to break down fats.

Okay class, what organ produces the bile? Liver

What organ stores the bile? Gall bladder

After passing through the small intestine,

the food enters to the? Large intestine

The last group will share their idea. Large intestine is divided into 3
parts: ascending colon, transverse
colon and the descending colon.
The large intestine stores the fecal
materials, absorbs the vitamins, and
reabsorbs the water from the
undigested residue.

The undigested residue or the feces it will

be stored in the RECTUM then excrete to
the ANUS.

So, in summary class, the digestive system

is composed of the?

Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus,

Stomach, Small intestine, Large
What are the accessory organ of digestion? intestine, Rectum and the Anus.

Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas,

All are which function to do what? Salivary glands.

They are responsible for breakdown

and absorption of nutrients from
food thereby bringing energy to the
Okay class, do you understand? body.

E. Application Yes, sir.

To further understand the lesson, let’s do

some demonstration.

We called this BREAD IN THE BAG

Procedures:
1. Take 1 piece of bread per group
2. Put the bread in container and Cut Students will do the activity.
the bread using your finger into
pieces.
3. Obtain the zip lock bag.
4. Tear your ½ sliced of bread into
smaller pieces and placed it into the
bag. Pour smaller amount of water
into the bag. Close the bag and
squish the bread with your finger
until all pieces are small.
5. Put it in the stocking , Drain the
liquid contents , and put it in the cup.
 6. .Put all the remain food content in
the plastic.
7. The cut the lower part of the plastic
and push it.

Each group will answer the Guide

Questions.

Materials needed are Zip lock bag,

½ sliced bread and water.

 Food broken into smaller

pieces by the teeth.
Mechanical digestion in the
mouth.
 Food is mixed with gastric
juice of the stomach.
Chemical Digestion in the
stomach.
 Represent the peristalsis and
mechanical digestion in the
stomach.
 Large intestine reabsorbs the
water of undigested residue.
 Waste or the feces is
temporary stored in the
rectum and it was excreted in
the anus.
F. Generalization

Okay class. Did you understand our lesson Yes sir. (Students are generalizing
for today? the lesson.)
Now you are going to

V. EVALUATION

Identification:
1. The organ that stores and concentrate the bile.
2. The organ of complete digestion and absorption.
3. Where the fecal material exit.
4. The organ produces the bile.
5. It is where the absorption of water takes place.
6. The enzyme that is present in our saliva.
7. The organ where digestion and respiration cross.
8. The process of breaking down the food into simple that the cell can use.
9. Wavelike contraction or rhythmic movement of the involuntary muscle.
10. The organ that temporarily stored the feces.

VI. ASSIGNMENT

Make a research about the different digestive disorder and write it in your
assignment notebook.