UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

ECE313- ELECTRONICS 3
Electronics Systems and
Design
 OBJECTIVES
To be able to understand the theory,
operating characteristics and design of
electronics devices and control circuits for
industrial processes, industrial control
applications, electronics instrumentation
transducers, data acquisition system,
interfacing techniques and sensors.

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 Topic Outline
 Power Transistors
 SCRs, UJT, PUT
 TRIAC, DIAC and other Thyristors
 Transducers
 Interfacing Techniques
 Programmable Logic Controllers
 Building Management System including
HVAC Control
 Security and Surveillance Control System
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 Topic Outline
 Audio-Video and Lightning Controls
 Supervisory Controls and Data
Acquisitions
 Fire and Life Safety Controls

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Interfacing Techniques

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 Interfacing Techniques
• Interfacing is the process of connecting devices
together so that they can exchange information.
Why do we need an Interface? The primary function
of an interface is obviously to provide a
communication path for data and commands
between the computer and its resources.

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 Interfacing Techniques
Interface
-a shared boundary between system elements
defined by common physical interconnection
characteristics, signal characteristics, and meanings
of interchanged signals.
-is a tool and concept that refers to a point of
interaction between components, and is applicable
at the level of both hardware and software.
-allows a component to function independently while
using interfaces to communicate with other
components via an input/output system and an
associated protocol.
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 Interfacing Techniques
Interface Device
A device that meets the interface specifications on
one side of an interface.
The term is usually applied to a device through
which a system or equipment works to meet
interface specifications.

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 Interfacing Techniques
Direct Memory Access (DMA)
- A technique that permits a peripheral device to
enter or extract blocks of data from the memory
without involving the central processing unit. In
some cases, the CPU can perform other functions
while the data transfers occur.

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 Interfacing Techniques
Components of Interface. The interfacing
devices should make use of standard data transfer
schemes for the efficient exchange of data.
Interface Signals Interfacing Device (ID 1)
Interfacing Device (ID 2) Interfacing Standards &
Converters

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 Interfacing Techniques
• Data Transfer Schemes
- refers to the method of data transfer between
the processor and peripheral devices:
• microprocessor and memory
• microprocessor and I/O devices
• memory and I/O devices

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 Interfacing Techniques
For effective data transfer between these devices,
the timing parameters of the devices should be
matched. But most of the devices have
incompatible timings.

Two Categories:
1. Programmed data transfer
2. Direct memory access data transfer

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 Interfacing Techniques
Programmed Data Transfer
-a memory resident routine (subroutine) requests
the device for data transfer to or from one of the
processor register scheme is used when a
relatively small amount data are to be transferred
- usually one byte or word of data is transferred at
a time
- Examples of devices using parallel data transfer
are ADC,DAC, Hex-keyboard, 7-segment LED's, etc.

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 Interfacing Techniques
3 Types of Programmed Data Transfer

The scheme can be further classified into the

following:
1. Synchronous data transfer scheme.
2. Asynchronous data transfer scheme.
3. Interrupt driven data transfer scheme.

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 Interfacing Techniques
Direct Memory Access (DMA) Data
Transfer
- the processor is forced to hold state by an I/O device
until the data transfer between the device and the
memory is completed
- the processor does not execute any instructions
during the hold period is used for large block of data
transfer between I/O device and memory
- Typical examples of devices using DMA are CRT
controller, floppy disk, hard disk, high speed line
printer, etc

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 Interfacing Techniques
3 Types of DMA Data Transfer

The schemes are:

1. Cycle stealing DMA.
2. Block or Burst mode DMA.
3. Demand transfer mode DMA.

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 Interfacing Techniques
Types of Data Transfer Schemes
1. PROGRAM CONTROLLED TRANSFER
- the transfer of data is completely under the control of the
microprocessor program.
Data transfers can take place synchronously or asynchronously
an i/o operation takes place only when an i/o instruction is
encountered in the execution of the program synchronous
transfers mean transfers occurring at the same time.
asynchronous transfers mean transfers taking place at irregular
intervals Data transfers between the microprocessor and the
peripherals are primarily asynchronous

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 Interfacing Techniques
Asynchronous Program controlled data transfers
- can take place under several conditions.
• Unconditional
• Polling
• Interrupt
• With ready signal
• With handshake signals
• assumes that a peripheral is always available kept in a loop
to check whether data are available interrupted from its
normal execution of program by an I/O device, when the
latter is ready when peripheral response time is slower than
the microprocessor execution time, READY signal is used
handshake signals are signals exchanged prior to data
transfer
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 Interfacing Techniques
2. Synchronous data transfer scheme
- is the simplest of all data transfer schemes
- the processor does not check the readiness of the
device
- I/O device or peripheral should have matched
timing parameters
- the mode-O input or output in 8155 or 8255 is an
example of synchronous data transfer

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 Interfacing Techniques
3. Asynchronous Data Transfer Schemes
• is employed when the speed of processor and I/O device
does not match
• the processor ends a request to the device for read/write
operation
• then the processor keeps on polling the status of the device
• once the device is ready, the processor executes a data transfer
instruction to complete the process
• to implement this scheme, the device should provide a signal
which may be tested by the processor to ascertain whether it is
ready or not
• handshake data transfer without interrupt (mode-l and
mode-2) of8155 or 8255 is an example
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 Interfacing Techniques
4. Interrupt Driven Data Transfer Scheme
- is the best method of data f transfer for effectively
utilizing the processor time
-the processor first initiates the I/O device for data
transfer. After initiating the device, the processor will
continue the execution of instructions in the program.
Also at the end of an instruction the processor will check
for a valid interrupt signal. If there is no interrupt then
the processor will continue the execution. When the IO
device is ready, it will interrupt the processor. On
receiving an interrupt signal, the processor will complete
the current instruction execution and saves the
processor status in stack.
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 References

• INTRODUCTION TO INTERFACING TECHNIQUE BY

INDIA DOCUMENT

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 Engr. Febe F. Murillo
College of Engineering and Information Technology

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