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CTET Previous Year Questions

1.The sequence of presentation of concepts should be from:

A. Application-based to understanding-based
B. Higher-order to lower-order
C. Abstract to concrete
D. Simple to complex

2.Which of the following facilitates problem-solving skills among the students?

A. Analogical thinking
B. Functional fixedness
C. Response set
D. Stimulus-response association

3.Which of the following is a constructive way of responding to students’ errors?

A. Punishing the student to eliminate erroneous behaviour.

B. Giving cues & hints to help students identify their own error.
C. Reducing marks for making errors without any feedback.
D. Ignoring students’ error totally.

4.Sometimes stereotypes related to one’s social identity cause beliefs about

inequities among students. Teachers can overcome the impact of these negative
stereotypes by:

A. Telling the student that learning is an uncontrollable process.

B. Giving examples that indicates that stereotypes are true.
C. Emphasizing that learning significantly depends on efforts.
D. Using frequent rewards and punishments among students.

5.A student is studying to avoid last rank in the exams. This is an examples of:

A. Approach-oriented mastery goals

B. Avoidance-oriented mastery goals
C. Approach-oriented performance goals
D. Avoidance-oriented performance goals

6.Assertion (A): School and life at community should not be linked in any way for
effective teaching learning process.

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Reason (R): Linking school and community delimits students’ opportunities for social
participation.

Choose the correct option.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C. (A) is true but (R) is false.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

7.…………………......... represents a specific time when children are particularly

susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environment.

A. Sensitive periods
B. Explicit periods
C. Plasticity duration
D. Mental stagnation

8.Assertion (A) : Comparisons among children can very accurately assess a child’s
developmental progress

Reason (R) : The pattern and sequence of development as well as the rates of
development are the same, for all children universally

Choose the correct option.

A. Both ( A) and (R ) are true and ( R ) is the correct explanation of (A).

B. Both ( A) and (R ) are true but ( R ) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C. (A) is true but ( R) is false.
D. Both (A ) and ( R) are false.

9.Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotksy have shifted the understanding of learning as a
............................... process to a ............................. process.

A. active, passive
B. passive, active
C. mechanical, behavioristic
D. behavioristic, mechanical

10.According to Lev Vygotsky, the basis of learning is –

A. Social interaction
B. Reinforcement
C. Drill and practice
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D. Changes in the structures of schemas.

11.All children are motivated by activities that are

A. planned by adult.
B. planned by children.
C. meaningful to them
D. meaningful to teachers.

12.Which one of the following is NOT correct with respect to the following sentence?
Rhymes, songs and chants are the ways for children to _________.

A. internalise words and sentence structure

B. practise pronunciation.
C. learn grammar through the text.
D. extend vocabulary

13.Bilingual children often use words from one language while speaking the other.
This is called___________.

A. code-switching
B. code-mixing
C. multilingualism
D. competence level

14.Which of the following was suggested by Noam Chomsky?

A. There is no fundamental ability of language when a child is born.

B. Children acquire language in different ways and at different rates depending on
the culUire into which they are born
C. There is an innate human ability to acquire language
D. Children learn language as a product of positive reinforcement.

15.At the foundational stage learners should be taught in school in their home
language as _____

A. it leads to their participation in the teaching-learning process

B. it is less important to learn a school language
C. it communicates new knowledge in school language
D. it reinforces silence in the classrooms

16.Building hand-eye coordination will lead to develop skill.

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A. listening
B. speaking
C. handwriting
D. reading

17.The most important aspect of children's language development is _______

A. exposure to that language

B. drill and practice in that language
C. correcting the mistakes
D. imitating the adults

18.Who said that children are biologically programmed for language and that
language develops in the child in just the same way as other biological functions
develop.

A. B. F. Skinner
B. Noam Chomsky
C. Lev Vygotsky
D. Jean Piaget

19.The distance between New Delhi station and Kanpur railway station is 432 km. A
train starts from Kanpur railway station on 16th December 2021 at 21:45 hrs and
reaches at New Delhi railway station on 17th December 2021 at 05:45 hrs. The
average speed of the train during this journey is

A. 54 m/s
B. 27 m/s
C. 20 m/s
D. 15 m/s

20.On the Galconda Map printed in class V Environmental Studies NCERT Textbook,
its scale is given as- Scale 1cm = 110m. If the measured distance on the map
between Fateh Darwaja and Patanncheru Darwaja is 15.5 cm. The minimum actual
distance between these two gates is

A. 16.05 km
B. 17.05 km
C. 1.705 km
D. 1.605 km

21.Bhopal is due east of Gandhi Nagar and Bangalore is due south of Bhopal. The
direction of Gandhi Nagar with respect to Bangalore is
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A. South-East
B. North-East
C. North-West
D. South-West

22.There is a state in our country where the people grow eatables such as coconut
and tapioca in their courtyard and prepare their tasty food using the two. This State
is

A. Karnataka
B. Kerala
C. Tamil Nadu
D. Telangana

23.Select from the following a group of three states all having their coasts on the
Bay of Bengal.

A. Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu

B. West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala
C. Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana
D. Kerala, Karnataka, Telangana

24.‘Cheraw’ is the folk dance of

A. Odisha
B. Assam
C. Chhatisgarh
D. Mizoram

25.There is an area in our country which is high, dry and flat and is known as cold
desert. Here the rainfall is very little. Here there are high snowcapped mountains
and a cold flat ground. This area may be a part of

A. Jammu and Kashmir

B. Leh and Ladakh
C. Himachal Pradesh
D. Meghalaya

26.Which of the given statements are recommendations of NCF 2005 for EVS
learning?

a) Having sharp boundaries among school, home and the community for the learning

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b) Discourage rote learning

c) Departure from bookish learning

d) Children's life at school must be linked to their life outside the school.

Choose the correct option.

A. (a) and (b) only

B. (a) and (c) only
C. (a), (b) and (c)
D. (b), (c) and (d)

27.Which of the following can be the objectives of Environmental Studies at primary

level?

a) To nurture the curiosity and creativity of the child particularly in relation to the
natural environment.

b) To develop an awareness about environmental issues.

c) To engage the child in exploratory and hands-on activities.

d) To treat children as receivers of a fixed body of knowledge.

Choose the correct option.

A. (a), (c) and (d)

B. (a), (b) and (c)
C. (b), (c) and (d)
D. (c) and (d) only

28.Which of the following statement is true in relation to the pedagogy of EVS at

primary level?

A. It is a child centered
B. It is bookish
C. It involves teacher as instructor
D. It focuses retrieval practices

###COMMON###29###37###Direction: दिए गए गद्यांश को ध््यनपूर्क

व पद़िए तथय पूछे गए
प्रश्नों के उत्तर के लिए सबसे उप्ुक्त वर्कल्प कय च्न कीजिए।

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असि और बनयर्टी में अांतर धुांधियने के कयरण सेर्यएँ ्य कुछ भी िे ने के लिए सुपयत्र कय च्न आिकि चुनौती
पण
ू व है। इसके लिए वर्शेष सझ
ू -
बझ
ू और वर्र्ेकशीितय आर्श््क हैं। उपिजधध ्य सफितय स्र््ां में िक्ष्् नहीां हो सकती बजल्क व््जक्त के सतत
ननर्ेशों कय स्र्यभयवर्क प्रनतफि होती है। मन और ननष्ठय से ननष्पयदित कय्व में व््जक्त के समचे कौशि प्र्क्
ु त
होते हैं और उसमें समयि को िे ने कय भयर् प्रधयन रहतय है। िेन-िे न में ननष्ठय कय नन्म आशीर्यवि के आियन-
प्रियन में भी ियगू होतय है। अनेक व््जक्त उन बि
ु ग
ु ों से आशीर्यवि पयनय अपनय अधधकयर समझते है जिनकी सध
ु
िेनय तो िरू , जिन्हें हे ् मयनते हुए उनसे सिय िरू ी बनयए रखी हो। आशीर्यवि तो बडी बयत हुई, एक तच्
ु छ-
सी चीज़ आपको ्ूँ ही कोई क््ों िे गय। आशीर्यवि बगवर ्य लसमकयर्व सी भौनतक बयज़यर में सहि उपिधध होने र्य
िी र्स्तु नहीां है। उसे दिि से सम्मयन िे नय होगय। िे ने र्यिय आप की मांशयओां और फ़ितरत को समझतय है। आप
भिे ही कुछ न िे , ्ह भी आर्श््क नहीां फक उसके सयननध्् में रहें । पर उसके वर्चयरों, भयर्नयओां को श्रेष्ठ समझ
ते हुए र्ैसय करने कय ्त्न करें गे तो र्ह हृि् से आप पर आशीर्यवि बरसयएगय और आप धन्् हो ियएांगे।

###DONE###

29.

'असि और बनयर्टी में अांतर धांध

ु ियने’ कय क््य अथव है

A. असिी और बनयर्टी में अांतर करनय कदठन है।

B. असिी और बनयर्टी में अांतर करनय सरि है।
C. असिी और बनयर्टी में अांतर हो ही नहीां सकतय है।
D. असिी और बनयर्टी में अांतर करनय सहि है।

30.सेर्यओां ्य कुछ िे ने के लिए फकसकय च्न करनय कदठन है ।

A. सुपयत्र
B. कुपयत्र
C. ियनी
D. लभक्षुक

31.“उपिजधध ्य सफितय व््जक्त के सतत ननर्ेशों कय स्र्यभयवर्क प्रनतफि होती है।“ कय क््य तयत्प्व है?

A. व््जक्त दर्यरय धन ननर्ेश करके उपिजधध तथय सफितय प्रयप्त होती है।
B. व््जक्त दर्यरय फक्े गए ननरां तर प्र्यसों से उपिजधध ्य सफितय प्रयप्त होती है।
C. व््जक्त दर्यरय फक्े गए ननरां तर प्र्यसों से सफितय ्य उपिजधध प्रयप्त नहीां होती है।

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D. व््जक्त दर्यरय प्र्यस न फक्े ियने के बयर्िूि उपिजधध ्य सफितय अर्श्् प्रयप्त होती है।

32.गद्यांश के अनस
ु यर व््जक्त के समग्र कौशि फकसमें प्र्क्
ु त होते हैं?

A. मन और ननष्ठय से फक्े गए कय्व में

B. केर्ि मन से फक्े गए कय्व में
C. केर्ि ननष्ठय से फक्े गए कय्व में
D. बेमन से फक्े गए कय्व में

33.मन और पण
ू व ननष्ठय से फक्े गए कय्व में कौनसय भयर् प्रमख
ु होतय है?

A. परमयथव कय
B. स्र्यथव कय
C. भजक्त कय
D. स्र्दहत कय

34.ननम्नलिखखत में से कौन-सी र्स्तु बयियर से नहीां खरीिी िय सकती है ?

A. लसमकयर्व
B. मोबयइि
C. बगवर
D. आशीर्यवि

35.'स्र्यभयवर्क' में प्रत््् है ____

A. वर्क
B. क
C. इक
D. भयवर्क

36.'सम्-सम्’ शधि है ____

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A. िे शि शधि
B. वर्िोम शधि
C. पन
ु रुक्त शधि
D. आगत शधि

37.‘सफितय’ शधि है_____

A. सांज्ञय
B. सर्वनयम
C. वर्शेषण
D. फि्य

###COMMON###38###43###Direction: पद्यांश को प़िकर सबसे उधचत वर्कल्प कय च्न

कीजिए।

िब सांर्ेिनयएँ ही नहीां रहें गी

तो सांर्ेिनयएँ लिखने र्यिे कवर् भी

िुप्त हो ियएांगे

र्य्नयसोर की तरह ही

्ह मेरय अपनय ियिच है

जिसे सोचकर

मैं िरर्यिय खोितय हूँ और

सांर्ेिनयओां को अांिर िे िेतय हूँ।

फकसी से कहनय मत िोस्तों

मैं समद
ृ ध हो ग्य हूँ

इन सांर्ेिनयओां के सयथ

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िुःु ख बस एक बयत कय है

मेरे ्हयँ आने से पहिे

र्ो कुछ और घर भी गए थे

उन्होंने कुछ िरर्यज़े और खटखटयए थे

िेफकन :

िेफकन। खैर ______

हो सकतय है कि आप के ्हयँ आएँ

आप इन्हें र्यवपस मत ियने िे नय।

घर के अांिर िे िेनय

और समद
ृ ध हो ियनय इन

सांर्ेिनयओां के सयथ

###DONE###

38.

िेखक ने फकस खतरे की ओर सांकेत फक्य है?

A. सांर्ेिनयओां की समयजप्त के सयथ िेखकों की आिीवर्कय समयप्त हो ियएगी

B. सांर्ेिनयओां की समयजप्त के सयथ िेखन कय्व भी समयप्त हो ियएगय
C. सांर्ेिनयओां की समयजप्त के सयथ िेख िगत भी समयप्त हो ियएगय
D. सांर्ेिनयओां की समयजप्त के सयथ िेखकों कय सम्मयन भी समयप्त हो ियएगय

39.रवर्न समयचयरपत्र में एक िेख प़ितय है जिससे फक र्ह अगिे दिन अपने समह
ू में उस पयठ््-
र्स्तु कय सांपण
ू व वर्चयर प्रस्तत
ु कर सके। उसके इस पठन को फकस रूप में ियनय ियतय है।

A. पांजक्त्ों के बीच पठन

B. पांजक्त्ों से परे कय पठन
C. बयरीकी से पठन
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D. सरसरी तौर पर प़िनय

40.प़िते सम् र्ह शधि पहचयनती है फकन्तु स्र््ां से उसे प्र्ोग करने में समथव नहीां है। इस शधि भांर्यर को फक
स रूप में ियनते हैं?

A. सफि् शधि भांर्यर

B. ननजष्ि् शधि भांर्यर
C. श्रर्ण शधि भांर्यर
D. पठन शधि भांर्यर

41.आधयरभत
ू अांतुः र्ै्जक्तक सांप्रेषण कौशि ______ हैं

A. भयषय कय र्तवमयन में प्र्ोग करते हैं

B. उच्च स्तरी् धचांतन के लिए भयषय कय प्र्ोग करते हैं
C. अमूतव वर्चयरों तथय सांकल्पनयओां को प्रकट करने के लिए भयषय कय प्र्ोग करते हैं
D. वर्ष् पर र्ैज्ञयननक शोध के प्रनतर्ेिन (ररपोदटिं ग) के लिए भयषय कय प्र्ोग करते हैं

42.कौन-
सय िेखन उपयगम लशक्षयधथव्ों को िेखन लसखयने के लिए िेखन के वर्लभन्न स्तरों से गुिरने कय अर्सर प्रियन क
रतय है?

A. उत्पयि उपयगम
B. प्रफि्य उपयगम
C. सांप्रेषणयत्मक उपयगम
D. कोश-वर्ष्क उपयगम

43.अरुि और रयहुि लशक्षक अपनी व््यकरण की कक्षय में पहिे व््यकरण बबन्िओ ु ां र्यच्् और कयि कय पररच्
िे ते हैं और ्ह समझयते हैं फक नन्म फकस तरह बनते हैं और फकस तरह सांिभव कय प्र्ोग करते हैं। इसके उपरयांत
र्े लशक्षयधथव्ों को भयषय मिों के अभ््यस के लिए बहुत सयरे कय्व िे ते है। व््यकरण सीखने-
लसखयने की ्ह प्रफि्य कहियती है

A. वर्ष् ज्ञयन
B. कय्ववर्धधक ज्ञयन
C. प्रफि्य ज्ञयन
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D. घोषणयत्मक ज्ञयन

44.ननम्नलिखखत में से कौन-सय भयषय सीखने के लिए ननर्ेश आधयररत कय्व है ?

A. लशक्षयथी पयँच के समूह में कहयनी प़ितय है

B. लशक्षयथी एक कय्विम में अलभन् की ियने र्यिी िघुनयदटकय के लिए सांर्यि लिखते हैं
C. लशक्षयथी ििर्य्ु पररर्तवन के मुदिे पर भूलमकय ननर्यवह (रोि-प्िे) में अलभन् करते हैं
D. लशक्षयथी सुनी हुई र्यतयव के वर्चयरों को समझने के लिए प्रश्न पूछते हैं

45.ननम्नलिखखत में से कौन-सी भयषय लशक्षय की सांकल्पनय नहीां है ?

A. व््यकरण अनुर्यि वर्धध

B. ध्र्नन की तरां ग िांबयई
C. प्रथम भयषय कय हस्तक्षेप
D. त्रुदट शुदधध

###COMMON###46###54###निर्दे श: नीचे दिए गए गद्यांश को ध््यनपूर्क

व पद़िए तथय पूछे गए
प्रश्नों के उत्तर के लिए सही वर्कल्प कय च्न कीजिए।

मन में वर्श्र्यस रखें तो कोई हयर नहीां सकतय पर मन में शांकय रहे तो कोई िीत नहीां सकतय। ज ांिगी हमें रोने के
सौ मौके िे ती है तो मुस्कुरयने के भी ह यर बहयने िे ती है। प्रकृतत ने हर ची
कय एक िोडय बनय्य हुआ है। रयत
और दिन, अांधेरय और उियिय, गोरय और कयिय, अच्छय और बुरय, उत्थयन और पतन, हयर और िीत। सभी को इ
न िो परस्पर वर्रोधी ची ों के बीच सांघर्व करते रहनय होतय है। सांघर्व अकेिे ही करनय होतय है। भीड तो उमडती है
िीत ियने के बयि। बस इतनय सय हुनर सीखनय है, मीन पर रहकर आसमयन को िीतनय है। िस ू रों को समझ
नय बुदधधमयनी है, खुि को समझनय असिी ज्ञयन है। िस
ू रों को कयबू करनय बि है और खुि को कयबू करनय र्यस्त
वर्क शजतत।

###DONE###

46.

मन में वर्श्र्यस रखने से ककसकी प्रयजतत होगी?

1). िीत

2). हयर
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3). परयि्

4). शांकय

Options :

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

47.र्यस्तवर्क ज्ञयन ककसे कह सकते हैं?

1). िस
ू रों के बयरे में ियनकयरी प्रयतत करनय।

2). अपने आप के बयरे में समझ बनयनय।

3). पुस्तकों से ियनकयरी प्रयतत करनय।

4). धयलमवक ग्रांथों को प़िनय।

Options :

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

48.If x is added to each of the numbers 5, 11, 3, and 8, the number, so obtained in
this order, are in proportion. What is the value of

A. 12
B. 15
C. 20
D. 30

49.If x = –2, y = 3, and z = –3, then what is the value of y2x3 + 2y3 – 3x2y2 + 4xyz?

A. –36
B. –54
C. 36

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D. 54

50.One of the factors of (a + b + c)2 – (a + c – d)2 is:

A. b + c
B. 2a + b + c – d
C. b + d
D. 2a – b + 2c – d

51.Identify the correct statement from among the following.

A. Formal proofs are obtained only by inductive reasoning.

B. Hypothesis are always formulated only through deductive logic.
C. Conjectures have no role in construction of mathematical knowledge.
D. Counter-examples are helpful in assessing the validity of generalizations.

52.Which of the following is an example of mathematical modelling?

A. Efficient usage of calculating devices.

B. Setting up equations for a word problem.
C. Using mathematical 'tricks' to carry out long calculations
D. Making models of 3-D shapes.

53.Consider the following statements.

Statement A: If n is even, n2 is even.

Statement B: If n2 is not even, then n is not even

Which of following statements is correct?

A. B is contrapositive of A
B. B is inverse of A
C. B is converse of A
D. B is reverse of A

54.Which of the following statements is true regarding 'Geogebra'?

A. It is an application of geometry in algebra

B. It is a branch of mathematics dealing with geometry and algebra
C. It is a specialized topic in geometry
D. It is a software used in exploring geometry

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55.Which of the following statements is correct regarding teaching-learning of

mathematics?

A. Medium of instruction impacts mathematical understanding

B. Gender impacts mathematical competency
C. Teacher's belief about learners does not impact mathematical competency
D. Mathematical ability is innate

56.Dyscalculia is characterized by

a. difficulty in understanding number concepts.

b. lack of an intuitive grasp of numbers

c. inability to coordinate the verbal and spatial aspects of numbers.

d. inability to recognise alphabets.

A. a and b
B. c and d
C. a, b, and c
D. a and c

57. is equal to

A. 60
B. 80
C. 50
D. 40

58.To calculate the value of 196x206, a student expressed it in the form 2002 +
200p – 24. The value of 3p3 – 28 is:

A. 2
B. -2
C. -4
D. 4

59.(x+1) (2x+1) + (x + 2) (x – 1), if coefficients of x is k, then the value of 2k – 9

is

A. 4
B. 3
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C. -3
D. -1

60. is equal to

A.

B.

C.

D.

61.If x is the supplement of an angle 87°, then the value of 3x – 100° is equal to

A. 97°
B. 79°
C. 197°
D. 179°

###COMMON###62###70###निर्दे श: ननम्नलिखखतां गद्यांशां पदठत्र्य नर्प्रश्नयनयां समीचीनां वर्क

ल्पां धचत्र्य उत्तरयखण िे ्यनन।

एकिय गोपयिुः सुरेशेन सह उद्यनम ् अगच्छत ्। तौ तत्र दर्ौ आम्रर्क्ष

ृ ौ अपश््तयम ्। र्क्ष
ृ ्ोुः पक्र्यनन फियनन दृ
ष््र्य ियियन्तौ अभर्तयम ्।

उद्यनपयिकम ् उपेत्् तौ अपच्

ृ छतयम ्- “भद्र, आम्रयणयां फकां मल्
ू ्म ्?” सुः प्रत््र्ित ्-
“बत्रलभुः रुप््कैुः पञ्चयशत ् फियनन ्च्छयलम।

गोपयिुः अधचन्त्त ्-
‘अद्यस्मयकां गह
ृ े चत्र्यरुः अनतथ्ुः आगतयुः। तेषयम ् आनतथ््ां प्रभूतैुः स्र्यिव्ु ्ञ्िनैुः कतवव््म ्। घत
ृ िधधशकवरयदि
लभुः समद
ृ धैुः भोिनैुः सह फियन््वप सन्तु। अतुः शतां फियनन िेतुम ् इच्छयलम।' ततुः सुः उद्यनपयिकम ् अर्ित ्
- “्च्छतु भर्यन ् षडलभुः रुप््कैुः शतां फियनन।” सुरेशेन केर्िां पञ्चवर्ांशनतुः फियनन िीतयनन।

अथ तौ शतयधधकयनन आम्रयखण र्ोढुां असमथौ मयगव एकां ्यनम ् अर्िोक्् र्यहकम ् अपच्
ृ छतयम ् -
“अस्मयत ् स्थयनयत ् आिशवनगरां ्यर्त ् फक्त ् भयटकां भवर्ष््नत'? र्यहकुः प्रत््र्ित ् -
आिशवनगरम ् अनतिरू म ् अजस्त। भयटकम ् अष्टरूप््कयखण।

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सुरेशुः अभणत ्-
“ अधन
ु य नर् र्यिन सम्ुः अजस्त। होरयधेन तत्र गन्तांु शक्नर्
ु ुः न र्य, ्तुः िशर्यिन र्ेिय्यां वर्द्यि्े ममोप
जस्थनतुः अननर्य्यव अजस्त। अतुः ्यनेनैर् गन्तव््म ्”।

एर्ां वर्चय्व पुनुः र्यहकम ् अपच्

ृ छत ् -
“भद्र, आर्यां चत्र्यरर रूप््कयखण एर् ियतुां शक्नुर्ुः। कृप्य र्यह्तु भर्यन ्।” त्ोुः जस्थनतां ज्ञयत्र्य र्यहकोऽवप ि्यिु
स्सन ् चतुथ््वुः रूप््केभ््ुः तौ र्यहन्तुम ् उद्तुः अभर्त ्।

तथैर् दर्ौ अवप ्यने आसीनौ स्र् स्र् गह

ृ ां प्रयप्तौ। गोपयिस्् वपतरौ स्र्पत्र
ु स्् मनतां प्रशांसतुः स्म। ्िय सुरेशुः फ
ियनन नीत्र्य स्र्गह
ृ ां प्रवर्ष्टुः तिय तस्् मयतय सहषवम ् अर्ित ् - “पुत्र ! शोभनां कृतम ्"।

###DONE###

62.

गोपयिुः सरु े शश्च फकां दृष््र्य ियिन्तौ अभर्तयम ्?

A. आम्रर्क्ष
ृ ौ
B. उद्यनम ्
C. पक्र्यनन फियनन
D. ्यनम ्

63.गोपयिस्् गह
ृ े कनत अनतथ्ुः आगतयुः आसन ्?

A. त्रीखण
B. दर्ौ
C. चत्र्यरुः
D. पञ्च

64.शतां फियनन िेतुम ् कुः ऐच्छत ्?

A. गोपयिुः
B. सुरेशुः
C. ्यनर्यहकुः
D. उद्यनपयिकुः

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65.गोपयिुः फकमथिं बहूनन आम्रयखण अिीणयत ्?

A. पररर्यरस्् प्रसन्नतय्ै
B. आगन्तुकयनयम ् आनतथ््म ्
C. उद्यनपयिकस्् प्रसन्नतय्ै
D. मयतुुः प्रमोिय्

66.र्यहकुः कस्मयत ् कयरणयत ् अधिं भयटकां गह

ृ ीत्र्य र्यहन्तुम ् उद्तुः अभर्त ्?

A. र्यहकुः धनम ् इच्छनत स्म।

B. र्यहकुः ि्यिुुः आसीत ्।
C. र्यहकुः ग्रयहकयन्न प्रयप्नोत ्।
D. र्यहकुः चतुरुः आसीत ्।

67.'अभणत ्' इत््स्् अथे कुः शधिुः प्र्ोक्तुां शक््ते?

A. अर्ित ्
B. अर्हत ्
C. अगच्छत ्
D. अभर्त ्

68.भयटकशधिस्् गद्यांशे कुः अथवुः?

A. र्यहने नेतांु पयररश्रलमकुः

B. भटयनयां गह
ृ म्
C. भटस्् र्वृ त्तुः
D. सैननकयनयम ् समह
ू ुः

69.ननम्नलिखखतेषु ल््प-प्रत्््यन्तम ् पिम ् फकमजस्त?

A. मूल््म ्
B. कत्तवव््म ्
C. आनतथ््म ्

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D. उपेत््

70.'अभर्तयम ्' इत््स्् पिस्् ननर्वचनम ् फकम ् अजस्त?

A. भूधयतुुः + ि्िकयरुः+ मध््मपुरुष दवर्र्चनम ्

B. भूधयतुुः + िङ्िकयर + प्रथमपुरुष दवर्र्चनम ्
C. भूधयतुुः + िुङ्िकयरुः + प्रथमपुरुष दवर्र्चनम ्
D. भर्धयतुुः + ि्िकयरुः + प्रथमपुरुष बहुर्चनम ्

###COMMON###71###76###निर्दे श: ननम्नलिखखतयनन पद्यनन पदठत्र्य ष्प्रश्नयनयम ् उधचतां वर्क

ल्पां धचत्र्य उत्तरयखण िे ्यनन -

खिुः सषवपमयत्रयखण परजच्छद्रयखण पश््नत।

आत्मनो बबल्र्मयत्रयखण पश््न्नवप न पश््नत।।1।।

सपविि
ु न
व ्ोमवध््े र्रां सपो न िि
ु न
व ुः।

सपो िशनत कयिेन िि

ु न
व स्तु पिे पिे ।।2।।

चन्िनां शीतिां िोके चन्िनयिवप चन्द्रमयुः।

चन्द्रचन्िन्ोमवध््े शीतिय सयधुसङ्गनतुः।।3।।

र्थ
ृ य र्जृ ्टिः समुद्रेर्ु र्थ
ृ य ततृ तस्् भोिनम ् ।

र्थ
ृ य ियनां समथवस्् र्थ
ृ य िीपो दिर्यवप च ॥4॥

शरदि न र्षवनत गिवनत, र्षवनतर्षयवसु ननुःस्र्नो मेघुः।

नीचो र्िनत न कुरुते, न र्िनत सुिनुः करोत््ेर्।।5।।

###DONE###

71.

कुः स्र्िोषयन ् न पश््नत?

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A. मूखवुः
B. िष्ु टुः
C. भ्रष्टयचयरी
D. चतरु ुः

72.िि
ु न
व ुः किय िशनत?

A. अपमयननतुः
B. वर्पवत्तकयिे
C. परयजितुः
D. सर्विय

73.चन्िनयद अधधकां फकां शीतिम ्?

A. ििम ्
B. चन्द्रमयुः
C. असयधुकृपय
D. मयतस्
ृ नेहुः

74.समुद्रेषु र्जृ ष्टुः कीदृशी भर्नत?

A. वर्नयशकयररणी
B. ननरथवकय
C. आनन्िियन्नी
D. शीतिय

75.‘्थय र्जृ ष्टुः समुद्रेषु' इत््त्र कुः अिङ्कयरुः?

A. उपमय
B. रूपकम ्
C. दृष्टयन्तुः
D. अनुप्रयसुः

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76.करोत््ेर्' इत््जस्मन ् पिे कुः सजन्धुः र्तवते?

A. ्ण
B. िीघवुः
C. गुणुः
D. अ्यदिुः

77.क्षेत्री्िीर्य्यां वर्ि्ोपहयरां (Trophy) प्रयपणे अध््यपकुः वर्द्यि्स्् फिके्ििस्् नेतयरां प्रशांसन ् इिां सू
जक्तर्यक््ां प्र्न
ु जक्त –
“मम छयत्रयुः अनेन ्शस्करे ण वर्ि्ेन ्ू्ां स्र् लशरस्त्रयणे पक्षम ् अर्धव्त ्”। अस्् कथनस्् प्र्ोगेन दवर्ती्भय
षयरूपेण आङ््िभयषयां पयठन्तुां ननम्नलिखखतेषु कुः लसदधयन्तुः प्र्ुक्तुः?

A. प्रत््क्षसांसगवस्् लसदधयन्तुः।
B. शधियर्िीनन्न्त्रणस्् लसदधयन्तुः।
C. प्रकरणीकरणस्् लसदधयन्तुः (Contextualization)
D. समन्र््स्् लसदधयन्तुः (Co-ordination)

78.कजस्मजञ्चद वर्शेषदिर्से कजश्चत ् लशक्षकुः आङ््िभयषयलशक्षणस्् उदिे श््म ् एर्ां लिखनत –

“आङ््िभयषय्युः लशक्षणम ् आङ््िभयषय्यां भयषणम ् अर्गन्तुम ् सहय्तयां करोनत”। उदिे श््म ् इिम ् अस््यां श्रेण््य
म ् आ्यनत -

A. अथववर्ज्ञयनस्् उदिे श््े

B. लिवपज्ञयनस्् उदिे श््े
C. ध्र्ननवर्ज्ञयनस्् उदिे श््े
D. उत्पयिनस्् उदिे श््े

79.दवर्ती्यां भयषयां लशक्षक्षतुां छयत्रयन ् नन्ोिन्तुां समीचीनयन ् वर्धीन ् कय पदधनतुः/प्रवर्धधुः समथव्नत?

A. सांरचनयत्मकपदधनतुः
B. सर्वतोग्रयही (Eclectic) पदधनतुः
C. ननमयवणयत्मकतय
D. व््यकरण-अनुर्यिवर्धधुः

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80.“र्स्तुतुः एर्ीसनुः वर्द्ुत्िीपम ् (Electric

Bulb) अन्र्ेष्त ्, कोिम्बसुः अमेररकयम ् अन्र्ेष्त ् परन्तु कयलिियसुः ‘शकुन्तियम ्' अरच्त ्।” उप्क्
ुव तकथने
्ुः गण
ु ुः प्रनतभयनत, अध््यपकस्् अध््यपने स एर् गण
ु ुः प्रकयशन्तव््। ननम्नलिखखतेषु फकम ् अस्् समयनतयां र्ह
नत -

A. रचनय्युः कौशिम ्
B. र्ैज्ञयननकस्र्भयर्ुः
C. प्रेरणयां ियतुां ्ो््तय
D. रचनयत्मकतय्युः वर्कयसुः

81.्दि कयधचद अध््यवपकय स्र्कक्षय्यम ् आङ््िभयषय्युः पयठने समस््युः तयसयम ् समयधयनम ् च ज्ञयतुम ् इच्छनत,
तिय ननम्नलिखखतेषु फकम ् तस््युः अभीष्टकय्वस्् अनक
ु ू िम ् अजस्त?

A. फि्यशोधुः
B. प्र्ोगयत्मकशोधनुः
C. छयत्रयणयां लशक्षणवर्ष्े शोधुः
D. र्णवनयत्मकशोधुः

82.Read the following statements and choose the correct response.

Assertion (A) – Sound travels faster in water than in air

Reason (R) – Rigidity of medium impact the speed of sound. Options :

A. Both A and Rare correct and R is correct explanation for A

B. Both A and Rare correct and R is not correct explanation for A
C. A is correct and R is incorrect
D. R is correct and A is incorrect

83.The part of human alimentary canal where complete digestion of fats takes place
is

A. large intestine
B. small intestine
C. mouth
D. stomach

84.Caterpillars (silkworms) secrete fibre made of

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A. Proteins
B. Carbohydrates
C. Fats
D. Cellulose

85.Sometimes we get muscle cramps after exercise. It is because

A. aerobic respiration takes place and alcohol, lactic acid and energy produced
B. anaerobic respiration takes place and alcohol, CO2 and energy are produced
C. aerobic respiration takes place and lactic acid, CO2 and energy are produced
D. anaerobic respiration takes place and lactic acid, and energy are produced

86.The correctly describing statement about the arteries in human heart is

A. Arteries have thin walls with valves inside , blood flows under low pressure, carry
blood away from the heart
B. Arteries have thick elastic walls with valves inside, blood flows under high
pressure, collect blood from different organs and bring it back to the heart
C. Arteries have thick elastic walls without valves inside, blood flows under high
pressure, carry blood away from the heart to various parts of the body
D. Arteries have thick walls, blood flow under low pressure, carry the blood from
heart to different organs of the body

87.The actual path of urine in the human body is

A. Kidney → ureter → urinary bladder → urethra

B. Kidney → urinary bladder → urinary → urethra
C. Kidney → urethra → urinary bladder → ureter
D. Kidney → urinary bladder → urethra → ureter

88.A train starts from a station A on 06.10.2021 at 22.15 hrs and reaches the
station B on 09.10.2021 at 04.15 hrs. If the distance between the two stations is
1890 km, the average speed of the train is Options

A. 35 km/h
B. 63 km/h
C. 54 km/h
D. 163 km/h

89.Consider the following statements

(A) A convex mirror always forms a virtual and diminished image

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(B) A concave lens always forms a virtual and diminished image

(C) A concave mirror can form a real diminished as well as virtual diminished image

(D) A convex lens while using as a magnifier makes a real and magnified image

The correct statements are

A. A, B and C
B. B, C and D
C. only A and B
D. A, B and D

90.Consider the following statements about biodiversity

(A) It refers to only the fauna found in a particular area

(B) It refers to the total number of individuals of a particular species found in the
given area

(C) It refer to the different kind of species of flora and fauna present in the given
area

(D) It is maximum in forests

The correct statements is/are Options :

A. only D
B. only B and D
C. B and D
D. only C and D

91.Consider the following statements related to cell and choose the INCORRECT
statement :

A) Shapes of the Cell are specifically related with function

B) Cell Membrane is absent in plant cell

C) Cell wall is present in bacteria

D) Neuron exhibit spindle shape

A. A, B
B. B, D
C. C, D
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D. C, C

92.Match the evidence found with the correct archaelogical site.

Options :

A. a-iii, b-i,c-ii, d-iv

B. a-iv, b-ii, c-iii, d-i
C. a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i
D. a-ii, b-i,c-iv, d-iii

93.At which of the following sites of the Indus Valley civilization adults were
generally buried in the ground, lay out straight, with the head towards north?

A. Lothal
B. Gufkral
C. Mehargarh
D. Inamgaon

94.Read the following Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R) on ‘Empires’.

Assertion (A): Emperors needed more resources as their empire was large and
needed big armies for protection.

Reasoning (R): A large number of officials were appointed to collect taxes and
tributes.

Choose the correct option.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C. (A) is true but (R) is false.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

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95.Which one of the following statements related to architecture is not correct?

A. The “Keystone” at the centre of the arch transferred the weight of the
superstructure to the base of the Arch.
B. Limestone cement was increasingly used in construction.
C. Pietra Dura was a technique to place horizontal beams across two vertical
columns.
D. The weight of the superstructure above the doors and windows was sometimes
carried by arches.

96.Weavers of which community in Thanjavur and Uraiyur, during the Chola dynasty,
were producing cloth for the temple flags?

A. Padmashali
B. Devanga
C. Panika
D. Saliya

97.There were a variety of cultural expressions in the medieval period that flourished
across the Indian subcontinent.

Match the following items in List I with those in List II.

Choose the correct option.

A. a-i, b-ii,c-iii, d-iv

B. a-ii, b-iii, c-iv, d-i
C. a-iii, b-iv, c-i, d-ii
D. a-iv, b-i,c-ii, d-iii

98.Match the tribes with the region they have originally lived in.

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Choose the correct option.

A. a-iii, b-i,c-iv, d-ii

B. a-ii, b-iv, c-iii, d-i
C. a-iii, b-iv, c-ii, d-i
D. a-iv, b-ii,c-i, d-iii

99.Read the following Assertion (A) and Reasoning (R) on the problems of indigo
cultivators and the Blue Rebellion.

Assertion (A): In 1859, the riots of Bengal rose in rebellion, refusing to grow indigo.

Reasoning (R): They were tired of the oppression forced on them by the zamindars.

Choose the correct option.

A. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C. (A) is true but (R) is false.
D. Both (A) and (R) are false.

100.Pandita Ramabai was an eminent Sanskrit scholar of the 19th century. Following
are three statements made by students in a class.

Choose the option that reflects her life and views.

A. Hinduism has been progressive towards women.

B. Founded a widow's home at Poona.

C. Wrote the book Stripurushtulna, condemning the social differences between men
and women.

A. Only A
B. Only B
C. Only C
D. Only A and B

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Answers with Solution

1. Ans. D.

The correct answer is D. The sequence of presentation of concepts should be from:

From simple to complex: The teacher should start by introducing the students to
simple ideas in order to develop confidence in their capacity to learn. More difficult
ideas should be introduced to the pupils gradually utilizing efficient teaching
techniques.

From concrete to abstract – The concepts should be taught in a method that

starts with teaching concrete (physical things) concepts before moving on to abstract
notions. It promotes learning and sharpens the mind.

Lower order to higher order- Higher-order thinking requires the application of

knowledge, therefore after teaching lower-order concepts to help students
understand them, the instructor should move on to teaching higher-order concepts.

Understanding-based to application-based instruction: The teacher should first

lay the foundation for students to understand a subject at a fundamental level before
introducing applications-based instruction.

2. Ans. A.

The correct answer is A. Students who can effectively solve problems are better able
to identify problems' causes and develop solutions. Students who possess these
abilities are better able to recognize problems and find effective solutions. Solving
problems is a procedure for getting beyond obstacles that seem to stand in the way
of achieving a goal. The student approaches a single topic in many ways by using
analogies in their thinking.

3. Ans. B.

The correct answer is B. Children's mistakes show us how they think; they provide a
window into their thinking. Errors don't always involve thoughtless responses;
occasionally, they involve clever assumptions made by students based on their prior
knowledge.

The study of errors enables teachers to identify weak student lessons, which they
can then strengthen by utilising various teaching-learning strategies. Through
conceptual learning, meaningful learning, learning by doing, etc., they can be
eliminated. By giving learners indications and clues about the topic, we can reduce
their conceptual errors and help them learn by connecting their knowledge.

4. Ans. C.

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The correct answer is C. Stereotypes are any categorization of a significant number

into possessing one or more traits that may or may not be true representations of
who they are. It is a “quick and easy way of labeling or categorizing the world
around us and making it understandable.

By highlighting how much effort goes into learning, teachers can combat the effects
of these harmful perceptions.

5. Ans. D.

The correct answer is D.

Students who have performance goals that are avoidance-oriented are worried about
avoiding failing in front of others. Their fear of performing poorly serves as their
extrinsic motivation.

Example: Working hard to avoid being outperformed by others, enrolling in

additional classes for a subject to earn the top rank in the class.

6. Ans. D.

The correct answer is D. Instead of being teacher-centered, classrooms should be

child-centered. Students become engaged in all activities, programmes, etc. in the
classroom as a result of this, making them active learners. Linking of the concepts
and learning of the learners with the school, society, and community, because the
community provides various ways to solve a single problem.

Students create their own knowledge by relating new ideas to what they already
know. Teachers need to be aware of the students' emotions, surroundings, and
cultures.

7. Ans. A.

The correct answer is A. Sensitive periods represents a specific time when children
are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environment.

When a child is developmentally prepared to learn a skill, that is when it is called a

critical or sensitive period. The child has to have favorable experiences throughout
this time so that she can learn the skill. The child finds it challenging to learn if the
positive experiences occur after the crucial period has passed.

8. Ans. D.

The correct answer is D. Both (A ) and ( R) are false.

It is false to claim that kid comparisons can effectively assess a child's

developmental progress because every human being develops at a different rate,
making child comparisons to assess developmental progress incorrect.
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A common misconception is that the pattern, sequence, and rates of development

are the same for all children worldwide. While development is always sequential and
orderly, the speed or rate at which it occurs might vary from person to person.

9. Ans. B.

The correct answer is B.

In contrast to Piaget, who adopted a cognitive constructivist approach because he

believed that children independently discover or construct all knowledge about their
world through their own activity, Vygotsky emphasises the social context of learning
and the construction of knowledge through social interaction.

Constructivism acknowledges that knowledge is actively produced by learners in

response to interactions with their existing knowledge and environment, changing
the understanding of learning from a passive process to an active process. This shift
in perspective was made possible by Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky.

10. Ans. A.

The correct answer is A. According to Lev Vygotsky, the basis of learning is social
interaction.

The sociocultural development theory or cognitive development theory is a term

used to refer to Lev Vygotsky's work. He was a constructivist psychologist. He was
the first psychologist to consider how children's cognitive development is influenced
by sociocultural factors.

He thinks that community is crucial to cognitive growth. The importance of social

interaction in the growth of cognition has been significant.

According to sociocultural theory, children acquire their cultural values, beliefs, and
coping mechanisms through cooperative efforts with more experienced members of
society. This process is socially mediated.

11. Ans. C.

* Option C is the correct answer.

* All children are motivated by activities that are meaningful to them.

* Meaningful tasks encourage students to use all of their abilities to accomplish a

task. By incorporating real-world experience, it aids in their conceptual
understanding.

12. Ans. C.

* Option C is the correct answer.

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* “Learn grammar through the text” this statement is incorrect concerning the given
statement.

* Rhymes, songs and chants are the ways for children to internalise words and
sentence structure, practise pronunciation and extend vocabulary.

13. Ans. A.

* Option A is the correct answer.

* The term "code-switching" describes the act of switching back and forth between
two languages, i.e., speaking a few phrases in one language before switching to
another.

* Hence, Bilingual children often use words from one language while speaking the
other. This is called code-switching.

14. Ans. C.

* Option C is the correct answer.

* From all the given options, “There is an innate human ability to acquire language”
was suggested by Noam Chomsky.

* A theory of innateness was proposed by Chomsky. The theory's main tenet is that
a baby's brain already has particular language-learning processes in it. The term
"innateness" in language refers to people's inherent capacity for language use. The
notion that people have the natural ability to learn languages was put out by
Chomsky. According to this hypothesis, children have the natural ability to learn
human language from birth. Speaking is in the nature of humans. Based on their
own innate grammar, children learn the rules of the language they speak.

15. Ans. A.

* Option A is the correct answer.

* At the foundational stage, learners should be taught in school in their home

language as it leads to their participation in the teaching-learning process.

* The teacher should encourage learners to communicate and express themselves in

their own language and respect their views.

* The ability of a speaker to communicate in multiple languages with equal and

native-like proficiency is referred to as multilingualism.

16. Ans. C.

* Option C is the correct answer.

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* Building hand-eye coordination will lead to developing writing skills.

* It allows children to use their vision and muscles to perform tasks such as writing,
drawing, tying shoelaces, or catching a ball.

17. Ans. A.

* Option A is the correct answer.

* The most important aspect of children's language development is exposure to that

language, as it provides ample learning opportunities.

18. Ans. B.

* Option B is the correct answer.

* Noam Chomsky said that children are biologically programmed for language and
that language develops in the child in just the same way as other biological functions
develop.

* According to Nativism theory, all children are born with an instinctive mental
capacity that allows them to both learn and produce language".

19. Ans. D.

Step 1: The correct answer is option D

Step 2: Important facts about speed and average speed

* Speed: Speed is the distance an object travels in a predetermined period of time.

Both kilometres per hour (km/hr) and metres per second (m/sec) are used to
express speed.

* Average Speed: It measures the ratio of the body's overall time to its total
distance travelled.

Step 3: Calculation:

Given 432 kilometers separate New Delhi and Kanpur

Time spent: 8 hours (from 21:45 to 5:45), or 9:45 to 5:45.

Speed = 54 km/hr x 8 hours / 432 km.

54 x 5/18 thus equals 15 m/sec.

20. Ans. C.

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Step 1: The correct answer is option C

Step 2: Calculation:

As though it is given: Scale 1 centimetre Equals 110 metres

Fateh Darwaja's Patanncheru Darwaja measures 15.5 cm.

On a map, 1 cm corresponds to 110 metres on the earth.

The exact distance between gates is 15.5 x 110 metres, or 1705 metres, or 1.705
kilometres.

Therefore, the real separation between the two gates is about 1.705 kilometres.

21. Ans. C.

Step 1: The correct answer is option C

Step 2: Map Explanation

* Four cardinal directions and four ordinal directions make up the eight divisions of
direction.

* North, east, south, and west, sometimes known by their initials N, E, S, and W, are
the four cardinal directions.

* North and south are perpendiculars to east and west, which are at right angles.

* The ordinal directions are northeast (NE), southeast (SE), southwest (SW), and
northwest.

* East is in the clockwise direction of rotation from north, while west is directly
opposite east (NW).

* The cardinal directions north and east, south and east, south and west, and north
and west, respectively, are separated by the NE, SE, SW, and NW.

22. Ans. B.

Step 1: The correct answer is option B

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Step 2: Information of food available in different places

* Tamil Naidu: Both vegetarian and non-vegetarian foods are common in Tamil
Nadu and Andhra Pradesh cuisine. Tamil and Andhra cuisine are both regarded as
spicy. Idli, vada, and dosa are popular vegetarian dishes that are typically served
with sambar and a wide variety of pachadi or chutney.

* Kerala: People in Kerala adore puttu with kandala curry, which is regarded as one
of the state's most well-known traditional foods

* Goa: India's west coast is where Goa is located. Goa produces a lot of sea seafood
and coconut oil. Goa is known for its love of sea fish cooked in coconut oil.

23. Ans. A.

Step 1: The correct answer is option A

Step 2: Explanation

India is a large, diverse country, bordered in the north by the towering Himalayas.
the western Arabian Sea.

the eastern Bay of Bengal. South of it is the Indian Ocean

West Bengal and Odisha are Indian States or Union Territories that border the Bay of
Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Sri Lanka,Puducherry, Andaman & Nicobar Islands

24. Ans. D.

Step 1: The correct answer is option D

Step 2: explanation

* Mizoram's traditional dance is called cheraw dance.

* It is an appealing hub during joyful occasions and often consists of six to eight
people holding a pair of bamboo staves onto another bamboo lying horizontally on
the ground.

* It is also acknowledged as the oldest dancing style of Mizoram. In 2010, the

maximum number of Cheraw dancers performing simultaneously set a Guinness
World Record.

25. Ans. B.

Step 1: The correct answer is option B

Step 2:
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* Deserts classified as cold deserts experience very cold winters. Typically, these
deserts are found in mountainous regions.

* Ladakh and Leh, located in the Himalayas, are the only freezing deserts in India.

* Due to its location in the Himalayan rain shadow, where yearly rainfall might be as
low as 10 cm, it is not impacted by the monsoon.

* Leh and Ladakh, a chilly desert region, are so present in our nation.

26. Ans. D.

Step 1: The correct answer is option D

Step 2: Recommendations of NCF 2005

* NCF 2005's recommendations for EVS learning include the following:

o Teaching kids to recognise and understand connections between the

environmental, social, and cultural environments.

o To create an understanding based on observation and illustration that isn't based

on abstract concepts but rather on real-world examples and the physical, biological,
social, and cultural components of existence.

o To abandon rote memorising and adopt a textbook-based strategy.

o To develop the child's cognitive abilities and inventiveness so that they are
fascinated about social phenomena, first inside the family and then in larger
contexts;

o To encourage a child's inventiveness and curiosity, especially with regard to the

natural world. The teaching-learning process should be based on the children's actual
experiences, and the life of a child at school must be connected to their life outside
of school.

27. Ans. B.

Step 1: The correct answer is option B

Step 2: EVS at primary level

EVS is a topic area that integrates knowledge from physical, chemical, and biological
sciences, social studies (history, geography, political science, sociology, etc.), and
environmental education at the elementary level (protection and conservation). It
aims to provide kids a comprehensive or integrated understanding of the
environment they live in.

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Step 3: Goals of EVS at primary level

* Give students the ability to access, analyse, and make deductions about
environmental issues and issues of concern.

* Introduce kids to the real world (natural and socio-cultural).

* Assist them in comprehending environmental concerns.

* Promote and encourage positive environmental principles and attitudes.

* To involve the child in hands-on, exploratory activities to help them learn

fundamental cognitive and psychomotor abilities through observation, categorization,
inference, etc.

* To foster a child's inventiveness and sense of wonder, especially with regard to the
natural world.

28. Ans. A.

Step 1: The correct answer is option A

Step 2: Pedagogy of EVS

* At the primary level, EVS pedagogy is connected to the child's everyday

experiences.

* Involves a number of exercises where the teacher merely serves as a facilitator

and the student completes everything on their own.

* Is kid-centered, meaning that the child is not merely seen as the teacher's passive
student

* Gives kids a lot of possibilities to investigate, think critically, and learn.

* Refrains from rote memorization and only retains academic knowledge.

29. Ans. A.

* असि और बनयर्टी में अन्तर धुांधियने कय अथव ्ह है कक असिी और बनयर्टी में अन्तर करनय कदठन
है।

* अत: सही वर्कल्प a है।

* गद्यांश के अनुसयर, असि और बनयर्टी में अन्तर धुांधियने के कयरण सेर्यएँ ्य कुछ भी िे ने के लिए
सप
ु यत्र कय च्न आिकि चन
ु ौतीपण
ू व है ।
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30. Ans. A.

* सेर्यओां ्य कुछ िे ने के लिए सप

ु यत्र कय च्न करनय कदठन है ।

* गद्यांश के
अनुसयर, सेर्यएँ ्य कुछ भी िे ने के लिए सुपयत्र कय च्न आिकि चुनौतीपूणव है। इसके लिए वर्शेष सूझ-
बूझ और वर्र्ेकशीितय आर्श््क हैं।

31. Ans. B.

"उपिजधध ्य सफितय व््जतत के सतत ् तनर्ेशों कय स्र्यभयवर्क प्रततफि होती है ।" कय तयत्प्व है कक
व््जतत दर्यरय कक्े ग्े तनरन्तर प्र्यसों से उपिजधध ्य सफितय प्रयतत होती है।

32. Ans. A.

* गद्यांश के अनस
ु यर व््जतत के समग्र कौशि उसमें तनदहत मन और तन्ठय से कक्े ग्े कय्व में प्र्त
ु त
होते हैं।

* मन और तन्ठय से तन्पयदित कय्व में व््जतत के समूचे कौशि प्र्ुतत होते हैं और उसमें समयि को
िे ने कय भयर् प्रधयन रहतय है।

33. Ans. A.

मन और पण
ू व तन्ठय से कक्े ग्े कय्व में 'परमयथव' कय भयर् प्रमुख होतय है , त्ोंकक परमयथी व््जतत िस
ू रों
कय भिय ही चयहतय है। िबकक स्र्यथी व््जतत स्र््ां कय भिय चयहतय है।

34. Ans. D.

'आशीर्यवि' बयियर से नहीां खरीिी िय सकती है।

35. Ans. C.

'स्र्यभयवर्क' में 'इक' प्रत््् है (स्र्यभयर् + इक)

र्े अवर्कयरी शधियांश िो शधिों के अांत में िुडकर उनमें वर्शेर्तय ्य पररर्तवन ियते हैं, प्रत््् कहियते हैं।
प्रत््् को 'परसगव' भी कहय ियतय है।

36. Ans. C.

'सम्-सम् पन
ु रूतत शधि है । िब ककसी शधि की एक सयथ िो बयर आर्वृ त्त होती है उियहरण- धीरे -
धीरे , आनय-ियनय, ग़ि-गड, रुक-रुक आदि ।
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37. Ans. A.

'सफितय' शधि सांज्ञय है ्हयँ पर सफितय शधि से ककसी भयर्, अर्स्थय, गुण-िोर्, िशय आदि कय पतय चि
रहय है। अतिः सफितय शधि भयर्र्यचक सांज्ञय है।

38. Ans. B.

िेखक ने इस ओर सांकेत कक्य है कक सांर्ेिनयओां की समयजतत के सयथ िेखन कय्व भी समयतत हो िय्ेगय
पद्यांश की पांजतत से - िब सांर्ेिनयएँ ही नहीां रहें गी तो सांर्ेिनयएँ लिखने र्यिे कवर् भी िुतत हो ियएांगे।

39. Ans. D.

रवर्न समयचयर पत्र में एक िेख प़ितय है , जिससे कक र्ह अगिे दिन अपने समूह में उस पयठ्् र्स्तु कय
सम्पूणव वर्चयर प्रस्तुत कर सके। उसके इस पठन को 'सरसरी तौर पर प़िनय रूप में ियनय ियतय है। िबकक
बयरीकी से पठन गहन पठन के अन्तगवत आतय है।

40. Ans. B.

प़िते सम् र्ह शधि पहचयनती है ककन्तु स्र््ां से उसे प्र्ोग करने में समथव नहीां है। इस शधि भांडयर
को तनज्ि् शधि भांडयर रूप में ियनते हैं।

तनज्ि् शधि भांडयर - ्ह उन शधिों कय सेट है िो एक व््जतत कयन से ्य प़िते सम् ियनतय और
समझतय है , िेककन खुि उनकय उप्ोग नहीां करतय है ।

41. Ans. A.

* आधयरभूत अांतिः र्ै्जततक सांप्रेर्णयत्मक कौशि (BICS) सांबांधधत है और ्ह परस्पर सांप्रेर्ण के लिए
भयर्य की आर्श््कतय होती है।

* िो ्य िो से अधधक िोगों के बीच अर्धयरणयओां, ज्ञयन, वर्र्रण और अनुभर्ों के आियन-प्रियन को

सांप्रेर्ण कहय ियतय है।

* ककसी कय्व को प्रभयर्ी ढां ग से करने की क्षमतय को सांप्रेर्णयत्मक कौशि कहय ियतय है।

42. Ans. B.

प्रकि्य उपयगम लशक्षयधथव्ों को िेखन लसखयने के लिए िेखन के वर्लभन्न स्तरों से गुिरने कय अर्सर
प्रियन करतय है।

43. Ans. D.

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अरूि और रयहुि लशक्षक अपनी व््यकरण की कक्षय में पहिे व््यकरण बबन्िओ
ु ां र्यच्् और कयि कय
पररच् िे ते हैं और ्ह समझयते हैं कक तन्म ककस तरह बनते हैं और ककस तरह सन्िभव कय प्र्ोग करते
हैं। इसके उपरयांत र्े लशक्षयधथव्ों को भयर्य मिों के अभ््यस के लिए बहुत सयरे कय्व िे ते है। व््यकरण सीखने
लसखयने की ्ह प्रकि्य 'घोर्णयत्मक ज्ञयन' कहियती है।

44. Ans. A.

* लशक्षयथी पयँच के समूह में कहयनी प़ितय है भयषय सीखने के लिए ननर्ेश आधयररत कय्व है

* िब हम ककसी कहयनी कय सांर्यि स्र््ां लिखते हैं, तो हमयरे मन में न्े-न्े शधि उत्पन्न होते हैं िो
हमयरे भयर्य कय वर्कयस करने में सहय्क होते हैं।

45. Ans. B.

तनम्न में से 'ध्र्तन की तरां ग िम्बयई" भयर्य लशक्षय की सांकल्पनय नहीां है , िबकक व््यकरण अनर्
ु यि वर्धध से
हमें भयर्य कय एक भयर्य से िस
ू री भयर्य सीखने कय अर्सर प्रयतत होतय है ।

46. Ans. A.

* गद्यांश के अनुसयर मन में वर्श्र्यस रखने से कोई भी व््जतत 'हयर' नहीां सकतय।

* गद्यांश के अनुसयर
मन में वर्श्र्यस रखें तो कोई हयर नहीां सकतय पर मन में शांकय रहे तो कोई िीत नहीां सकतय।

47. Ans. B.

* अपने आप के बयरे में समझ बनयनय र्यस्तवर्क ज्ञयन कहियतय है।

* गद्यांश के
अनुसयर, िस
ू रों को समझनय बुदधधमयनी है, खुि को समझनय असिी ज्ञयन है। िस
ू रों को कयबू करनय बि है और
खुि को कयबू करनय र्यस्तवर्क शजतत।

48. Ans. B.

The correct answer is option B.

When a, b, c, d are in proportion, then

a×d=b×c

So, as per the question:

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⇒ (5 + x) × (8 + x) = (11 + x) × (3 + x)

⇒ 40 + 13x + x2 = 33 + 14x + x2

⇒x=7

= 15

49. Ans. B.

The correct answer is option B.

⇒ x = - 2, y = 3, and z = - 3

⇒ y2x3 + 2y3 - 3x2y2 + 4xyz

Put the value of x, y, z

⇒ (3)2(- 2)3 + 2(3)3 - 3(- 2)2(3)2 + 4 × (- 2) × (3) × (- 3)

⇒ - 72 + 54 - 108 + 72

⇒ - 54

50. Ans. C.

The correct answer is option C.

(a2 - b2) = (a + b) (a - b)

⇒ (a + b + c)2 - (a + c – d)2

⇒ (a + b + c + a + c - d) ( a + b + c - a - c + d)

⇒ (2a + b + 2c - d) (b + d)

∴ One factor is (b + d)

51. Ans. D.

The correct answer is option D.

A generalisation is acknowledged as a proven formula to address mathematical

issues once it is made. However, some students can question whether or not this

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generalisation is accurate or valid. The students can utilise counter-examples in this

case to determine whether the generalisation is accurate or valid.

52. Ans. B.

The correct answer is option B.

Mathematical modelling is the act of putting a real-world situation into mathematical

terms, typically in the form of equations, and utilising these equations to both
understand the original problem and also uncover new features about it.

The difficulty in the aforementioned examples of creating equations for words is an

illustration of mathematical modelling because the learner first reads and
comprehends the problem before deriving the values in the form of words to
equations.

53. Ans. A.

The correct answer is option A.

In mathematics, contrapositive claims are related to one another. Therefore, it will

be assumed that if one statement is true, the other will also be true by default, and
if the first statement is false, the other will also change by default to false.

As given in the above example Statement A: If n is even, n2 is even, is a contra-

positive to Statement B: If n2 is not even, then n is not even which are related to
each other, and one becomes false automatically if the other is not true.

54. Ans. D.

The correct answer is option D.

With the help of ‘Geogebra’ software, students can learn all concepts of geometry
through an exploratory approach.

Geoboard can be used for showing geometrical figures and graphs.

Teachers use an exploratory approach to create a certain way of thinking and

reasoning. It is the approach in which teachers ask questions that instigate students
to investigate their learning.

Software like GeoGebra requires a certain way of thinking and reasoning for drawing
different shapes.

55. Ans. A.

The correct answer is option A.

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Mathematical understanding is impacted by the medium of teaching since students

can only comprehend what is being said if they are conversant in the language it is
being said in. There is a danger of learning gaps and misconceptions if the pupils
have little or little knowledge of the medium used for education. The pupils may
struggle with numerous math word problems because to a lack of familiarity with the
teaching medium, and they may also misunderstand many concepts.

56. Ans. C.

The correct answer is option C.

The term "dyscalculia" describes a variety of arithmetic issues, such as limitations in

grasping the meaning of numbers and challenges using mathematical concepts to
solve problems.

Dyscalculia is characterized by challenges with counting backward, having trouble

grasping numerical concepts, having trouble understanding numbers intuitively, and
having trouble coordinating the verbal and spatial components of numbers.

57. Ans. A.

Given

Calculation:

Numerator = LCM (40, 50, 60)

= LCM (2×2x2x5, 2×5×5, 2×2×3×5)

= 2×2×2×3×5×5 = 600.

So, LCM (40, 50, 60) = 600

Denominator = HCF (40, 50, 60)

= HCF (2×2x2x5, 2×5×5, 2×2×3×5)

= 2×5 = 10

So, HCF (40, 50, 60) = 10

Now,

58. Ans. C.
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Given

Value is given as 196

Equation =2002 + 200p – 24

Calculation:

196 = 40376

So, 2002 + 200p – 24 = 40376

2002 + 200p = 40376 + 24

40000 + 200p = 40400

200p = 40400 – 40000

200p = 400

p = 2.

Now putting value of P in 3p3 – 28

→ 3(2)3 – 28 = 3(8) -28 = 24 -28 = -4.

Hence the value of 3p3 – 28 is -4.

59. Ans. D.

Given

Equation = (x+1) (2x+1) + (x + 2) (x – 1)

Calculation:

(x+1)(2x+1)+(x + 2)(x – 1) =(2x2 + x + 2x + 1)+(x2 -x + 2x-2)

= 3x2 + 4x -1.

So, coefficient of x is 4 which means k = 4.

Now putting value of k in (2k – 9) = (2(4) – 9) = -1

60. Ans. A.

Given
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Equation =

Formula used:

(a2 – b2) = (a – b)(a + b)

Calculation:

= =

ð = = =

61. Ans. D.

Given

x is the supplement of an angle 87°

Formula used:

Two angles are said to be supplement of each other if their sum is 180 .

Calculation:

x + 87 180 → x = 180 -87

3x – 100° = 3 –100° = 279° – 100° = 179

62. Ans. C.

गोपयिुः सुरेशश्च पक्र्यनन फियनन दृष््र्य ियिन्तौ अभर्तयम ्। अथयवत ् गोपयि और सुरेश पके हुए फिों को
िे खकर ियियत्त होते है । गद्यांश के अनुसयर एक बयर गोपयि सुरेश के सयथ एक बगीचे में ग्य। उन्होंने
र्हयँ आम के िो पेड िे खे। र्क्ष
ृ पर पके हुए फि िे खकर र्े ियियत्त हो रहे थे।

63. Ans. C.

गोपयिस्् गह
ृ े चत्र्यर: अनतथ्ुः आगतयुः आसन ्। अथयवत ् गोपयि के घर में चयर मेहमयन आए थे। गद्यांश के
अनुसयर पके हुए फि िे खकर गोपयि ने सोचय, ‘आि हमयरे घर में चयर मेहमयन आए हैं। उनकय भरपूर
स्र्यदि्ट व््ांिनों से मनोरां िन करनय चयदहए।

64. Ans. A.

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शतां फियनन िेतुम ् गोपयि: ऐच्छत ्। अथयवत ् सौ फि गोपयि खरीिनय चयहतय थय। गद्यांश के अनुसयर पके हुए
फि िे खकर गोपयि ने सोचय, 'आि हमयरे घर में चयर मेहमयन आए हैं। उनकय भरपरू स्र्यदि्ट व््ांिनों से
मनोरां िन करनय चयदहए। मतखन, िही, चीनी आदि से भरपरू खयद् पियथों के सयथ फिों कय सेर्न करें गे।
इसलिए मैं सौ फि खरीिनय चयहतय हूां।

65. Ans. B.

गोपयिुः आगन्तुकयनयम ् आनतथ््म ् बहूनन आम्रयखण अिीणयत ्। अथयवत ् मेहमयनों के आततथ्् के लिए गोपयि ने
बहुत आम खरीिे । गद्यांश के अनुसयर पके हुए फि िे खकर गोपयि ने सोचय, 'आि हमयरे घर में चयर
मेहमयन आए हैं। उनकय भरपूर स्र्यदि्ट व््ांिनों से मनोरां िन करनय चयदहए। मतखन, िही, चीनी आदि से
भरपूर खयद् पियथों के सयथ फिों कय सेर्न करें गे। इसलिए मैं सौ फि खरीिनय चयहतय हूां। अत: अथयवत ्
मेहमयनों के आततथ्् के लिए गोपयि ने बहुत आम खरीिे ।

66. Ans. B.

र्यहकुः ि्यिुुः आसीत ्। अस्मयत ् कयरणयत ् अधिं भयटकां गह

ृ ीत्र्य र्यहन्तुम ् उद्तुः अभर्त ्। अथयवत ् र्यहक ि्यिु
थे। इसी कयरण से आधे ककरय्े में िे ियने के लिए तै्यर हो ग्य।

67. Ans. A.

'अभणत ्' इत््स्् अथे अवर्दत ् शधिुः प्र्ोक्तुां शक््ते। अथयवत ् 'अभणत ्' इस अथव में ‘अर्ित ्’ शधि प्र्ुतत कर
सकते है। जिसकय अथव है - कहय। ्हयँ र्द धयतु िङ् िकयर प्रथम पुरुर् एकर्चन कय रूप ‘अर्ित ्’ है।

68. Ans. A.

भयटकशधिस्् गद्यांशे अथवुः अजस्त- र्यहने नेतांु पयररश्रलमकुः। अथयवत ् गद्यांश में भयटक शधि कय अथव है -
र्यहन में िे ियने के लिए लि्य ियने र्यिय पयररश्रलमक।

69. Ans. D.

ननम्नलिखखतेषु ल््प-प्रत्््यन्तम ् पिम ् उपेत्् अजस्त। अथयवत ् तनम्नलिखखत में से ल््प ् प्रत्््यन्त पि उपेत््
है। “समयसेSनञ्पूर्ो तत्र्ो ल््प ्” सूत्र के अनुसयर समयस होने पर केर्ि नञ ् समयस को छोडकर तत्र्य प्रत््् के
स्थयन पर ‘ल््प ्’ प्रत््् हो ियतय है ्य सयमयन्् रूप से धयतु से पूर्व ककसी उपसगव के रहने पर तत्र्य के स्थयन पर
ल््प ् प्रत््् हो ियतय है। ल््प ् में ि ् और प ् की इत्सांज्ञय होकर ् शेर् रहतय है।

70. Ans. B.

'अभर्तयम ्' इत््स्् पिस्् ननर्वचनम ् भूधयतुुः + िङ्िकयर + प्रथमपुरुष दवर्र्चनम ् अजस्त।
अथयवत ् 'अभर्तयम ्' इस पि कय तनर्वचन भूधयतुुः + िङ्िकयर + प्रथमपुरुष दवर्र्चनम ् है।

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71. Ans. B.

ि्ु ट: स्र्िोषयन ् न पश््नत। ि्ु ट ्य िि

ु न
व व््जतत अपने िोर्ों को नहीां िे खतय। पद्यांश के अनुसयर ि्ु ट
मनु्् को िस
ू रों में रयई के समयन छोटय सय िोर् भी दिखयई िे तय है , परन्तु अपने अांिर के बबल्र्पत्र िैसे
बडे िोर् नहीां दिखयई पडते।

72. Ans. D.

िि
ु न
व ुः सर्विय िशनत। अथयवत ् िि
ु न
व हमेशय डसतय है । पद्यांश के अनस
ु यर एक ि्ु ट व््जतत और एक सपव
(सयांप) की सांगतत के बीच में ्दि चन
ु यर् करनय हो तो एक सयांप को चन
ु नय अच्छय है न कक एक ि्ु ट
व््जतत को, त्ोंकक सयांप तो आर्श््कतय पडने पर केर्ि अपने बचयर् के लि्े ही डसतय है िब कक एक
ि्ु ट व््जतत तो बबनय कयरण ही किम-किम पर आपको नुकसयन पहुांचयतय है ।

73. Ans. B.

चन्िनयद अधधकां चन्द्रमयुः शीतिम ्। अथयवत ् चन्िन से अधधक चन्द्रमय शीति है । पद्यांश के अनुसयर सांसयर
में चन्िन को शीति मयनय ियतय है । िेककन चन्द्रमय चन्िन से भी शीति होतय है । परन्तु अच्छे लमत्रों कय
सयथ चन्द्रमय और चन्िन िोनों की ति
ु नय में अधधक शीतितय िे ने र्यिय होतय है ।

74. Ans. B.

समुद्रेषु र्जृ ष्टुः ननरथवकय भर्नत। अथयवत ् समुद्र में र्र्यव होनय व््थव है । पद्यांश के अनुसयर समुद्र में होने र्यिी
र्र्यव व््थव है , ततृ त व््जतत को भोिन करयनय व््थव है , समथव व््जतत को ियन िे नय व््थव है , तथय दिन के
सम् िीपक िियनय व््थव है । अथयवत ् कहने कय तयत्प्व ्ह है कक िहयँ ककसी र्स्तु की आर्श््कतय ्य
प्र्ोिन नय हो तो र्हयँ उस र्स्तु को िे नय व््थव है ।

75. Ans. C.

्थय र्जृ ष्टुः समुद्रेषु' इत््त्र दृष्टयन्तुः अिङ्कयरुः। अथयवत ् ‘्थय र्जृ ष्टुः समुद्रेषु' ्हयँ दृ्टयन्त अिङ्कयर है। िहयँ
उियहरण के मयध््म से समयन धमव कय र्णवन हो,र्हयँ दृ्टयांत अिङ्कयर होतय है।

िक्षण- “दृ्टयन्तस्तु सधमवस्् र्स्तन

ु : प्रततबबम्बनम ् ।”

76. Ans. A.

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करोत््ेर्' इत््जस्मन ् पिे ्ण सजन्धुः र्तवते। अथयवत ् ‘करोत््ेर्’ इस पि में ्ण ् सजन्ध । जिसकय सजन्ध वर्च्छे ि
है- 'करोति+एव ' । ्हयँ “इको ्णधच” सत्र
ू के नन्म के अनस
ु यर इक् प्रत््यहयर (इ,उ,ऋ,ि)ृ के स्थयन पर ्ण ्
(् ्, र् ्, र्, ि ्) आिे श हो ियतय है, परे असमयन स्र्र रहने पर।

इ/ई -् ् , उ/ऊ-र् ्, ऋ/ऋ-र् ,ि-ृ ि ् ।

्हयँ करोतत+एर्= करोि ्+य ्+एव= करोत्येव इति।

77. Ans. C.

क्षेत्री्िीर्य्यां वर्ि्ोपहयरां (Trophy) प्रयपणे अध््यपकुः वर्द्यि्स्् फिके्ििस्् नेतयरां प्रशांसन ् इिां सूजक्तर्य
क््ां प्र्ुनजक्त –
“मम छयत्रयुः अनेन ्शस्करे ण वर्ि्ेन ्ू्ां स्र् लशरस्त्रयणे पक्षम ् अर्धव्त ्”। अस्् कथनस्् प्र्ोगेन दवर्ती्भय
षयरूपेण आङ््िभयषयां पयठन्तुां ननम्नलिखखतेषु प्रकरणीकरणस्् लसदधयन्तुः (Contextualization) लसदधयन्तुः
प्र्ुक्तुः। अथयवत ् क्षेत्री् खेि में ट्रॉफी प्रयतत करते सम्, लशक्षक स्कूि के किकेट टीम के नेतय की प्रशांसय
करतय है और र्यत्यांश कय उप्ोग करतय है - "मेरे छयत्रों, आपने इस शयनियर िीत के सयथ अपने लसर को
ऊँचय कर दि्य है"। इस कथन कय उप्ोग करते हुए, अांग्रेिी को िस ू री भयर्य के रूप में प़ियने के लिए
तनम्नलिखखत में प्रयसांधगकतय कय लसदधयांत (Contextualization) कय प्र्ोग कक्य ियतय है।

78. Ans. A.

कजस्मजञ्चद वर्शेषदिर्से कजश्चत ् लशक्षकुः आङ््िभयषयलशक्षणस्् उदिे श््म ् एर्ां लिखनत –

“आङ््िभयषय्युः लशक्षणम ् आङ््िभयषय्यां भयषणम ् अर्गन्तुम ् सहय्तयां करोनत”। उदिे श््म ् इिम ् अस््यां अर्थवव
ज्ञािस्य उद्र्दे श्ये श्रेण््यम ् आ्यनत। अथयवत ् एक वर्शेर् दिन में , कोई लशक्षक अांग्रेिी लशक्षण कय उदिे श्् इस
प्रकयर लिखतय है: "अांग्रेिी सीखनय अांग्रेिी में भयर्ण को समझने में मिि करतय है"। उदिे श्् में ्ह
अथववर्ज्ञयन की उदिे श््ों की श्रेणी में आतय है। ्हयँ अर्थववज्ञान से िात्पयथ है - अथव कय वर्ज्ञयन है। ककसी
भयर्य में शधिों और र्यत्ों के तयत्प्व कय अध्््न करनय अथव-वर्ज्ञयन है। अथव वर्ज्ञयन भयर्य वर्ज्ञयन की
एक शयखय है। जिसके अांतगवत भयर्य के वर्लभन्न आ्यमों कय अध्््न कक्य ियतय है।

79. Ans. B.

दवर्ती्यां भयषयां लशक्षक्षतुां छयत्रयन ् नन्ोिन्तुां समीचीनयन ् वर्धीन ् सर्वतोग्रयही (Eclectic) पदधनतुः । प्रवर्धधुः सम
थव्नत। िस
ू री भयर्य सीखने में छयत्रों को तन्ोजित करने के लिए उप्ुतत
वर्धध सर्वतोग्रयही (Eclectic) पदधनत/ प्रवर्धध है।

सवथतोग्राही (Eclectic) पद्धनत- िस

ू री भयर्य सीखने के लिए सर्वतो ग्रयही पदधतत उप्ुतत पदधतत है इस
पदधतत के अांतगवत सभी वर्धध्ों के मयध््म से करके वर्र्् र्स्तु को सीखय ियतय है । अथयवत इस पदधतत
के मयध््म से वर्द्यधथव्ों को वर्द्यधथव्ों की क्षमतय के आधयर पर वर्लभन्न पदधतत्ों को िोडकर दिखयने
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कय प्र्यस कक्य ियतय है ।अथयवत ् सवथतोग्राही (Eclectic) पद्धनत एक भयर्य लशक्षण पदधतत है िो
पयठ््िम के उदिे श््ों और लशक्षयधथव्ों की क्षमतयओां के आधयर पर भयर्य लसखयने के लिए वर्लभन्न
दृज्टकोणों और वर्धध्ों को िोडती है। इसे लमधश्रत वर्धध्ों के रूप में भी ियनय ियतय है।

80. Ans. A.

“र्स्तुतुः एर्ीसनुः वर्द्ुत्िीपम ् (Electric

Bulb) अन्र्ेष्त ्, कोिम्बसुः अमेररकयम ् अन्र्ेष्त ् परन्तु कयलिियसुः ‘शकुन्तियम ्' अरच्त ्।” उप्क्
ुव तकथने
्ुः गुणुः प्रनतभयनत, अध््यपकस्् अध््यपने स एर् गुणुः प्रकयशन्तव््। ननम्नलिखखतेषु रचनय्युः कौशिम ् अस््
समयनतयां र्हनत।अथयवत ् "र्यस्तर् में , एडडसन ने इिेजतट्रक बल्ब कय आवर््कयर कक्य, कोिांबस ने अमेररकय
कय आवर््कयर कक्य िेककन कयलिियस ने 'शकांु तिय' की रचनय की।" उपरोतत कथन में िो गुण दिखयई िे तय
है र्ह लशक्षक के लशक्षण में प्रकट होनय चयदहए। तनम्नलिखखत में रचनय कय कौशि इससे लमितय िुितय है।
रचनय कौशि से तयत्प्व रचनय के सि
ृ न के सम् कियत्मक सौंि्व हे तु जिन प्रवर्धध्ों कय प्र्ोग कक्य
ियतय है उसे रचनय कौशि कहय ियतय है । अथयवत ् वर्लश्ट रूप से रचनय को कियत्मक सौंि्व प्रियन करन
में सक्षम वर्धध ्य प्रवर्धध को रचनय कौशि कहते हैं।

81. Ans. A.

्दि कयधचद अध््यवपकय स्र्कक्षय्यम ् आङ््िभयषय्युः पयठने समस््युः तयसयम ् समयधयनम ् च ज्ञयतुम ् इच्छनत, त
िय ननम्नलिखखतेषु तस््युः फि्यशोधुः अभीष्टकय्वस्् अनुकूिम ् अजस्त।अथयवत ् ्दि कोई लशक्षक्षकय अपनी कक्षय
में अांग्रेिी प़ियने में आने र्यिी समस््यओां और उनके समयधयनों को ियननय चयहती है , तो उसके इजच्छत
कय्व के लिए तनम्नलिखखत में से फि्यशोध उप्ुतत है। कि्यशोध को कि्यत्मक अनुसांधयन भी कहते
है। क्रियाशोध/क्रियात्मक अनुसंधान- कि्यत्मक अनुसांधयन के मयध््म से लशक्षण में आने र्यिी समस््यओां
कय र्ैज्ञयतनक ढां ग से अध्््न करके समयधयन कक्य ियतय है। लशक्षण कय्व में आने र्यिी समस््यओां के
समयधयन हे तु कि्यत्मक अनुसांधयन कय बहुत महत्र् है ।

82. Ans. B.

Liquids have stronger interaction with neighboring atoms than gas.

The wave travels due to the transfer of energy to a neighboring atom.

Due to stronger interactions longitudinal wave travels faster in liquid than in gas.

Vsolids>Vliquids> Vgases

Where v- speed of sound.

* As we know water is a liquid state and air is a gaseous state so the sound will
travel faster in water than air.

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* Rigidity is the property of solids, not liquids (liquid's property is fluidity).

* Sound travels faster in rigid or stiff materials which do not deform easily.

* For this reason speed of sound in steel is more.

* From the above description, it is clear that the rigidity of the medium impact the
speed of sound.

* The speed of sound is greater in water than in air.

Both statements are correct but B is not a correct explanation for A.

83. Ans. B.

* Small intestine complete digestion of fat takes place. The small intestine has
millions of tiny finger-like projections called villi.

* Within these villi, many blood vessels are present that absorb the digested food
and carry it to the blood stream. These villi increase the surface area for more
efficient food absorption.

* Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and duodenum using 3 main enzymes,
pepsin, Trypsin and chymotrypsin.

* The pepsin is secreted by the stomach. Trypsin and Chymotrypsin are secreted by
the pancreas that break down food proteins into polypeptides.

84. Ans. A.

* Caterpillars (silkworms) secrete fibre made of protein that hardens when exposed
to air and becomes silk fibre.

* The silkworm completely covers itself in silk fibres, which is known as a cocoon,
and is then processed to obtain silk fibres.

The following steps must be taken for extracting silk from the cocoons :

Step 1: Silk fibres are extracted from a pile of cocoons. The cocoons are either kept
in the sun, boiled, or exposed to steam. The silk fibres separate. Reeling the silk
refers to the process of extracting threads from a cocoon for use as silk.

Step 2: Reeling is done using special machines that unwind the silk threads or fibres
from the cocoon.

Step 3: Weavers weave silk cloth from silk threads that have been spun from silk
fibres.

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85. Ans. D.

The demand for energy is high during heavy exercises, such as fast running, cycling,
long-distance walking, or heavy weight lifting. However, the supply of oxygen to
produce energy is Iimited.

* Anaerobic respiration occurs in muscle cells to fulfil the demand for energy.

Glucose à Lactic acid + energy

* The cramps occur when muscle cells respire anaerobically.

* Lactic acid is formed as a result of the partial breakdown of glucose. Muscle

cramps are caused by lactic acid accumulation.

* We get relief after a hot water bath or a massage.

* A hot water bath or massage improves blood circulation. As a result, the oxygen
supply to the muscle cells increases.

* When the supply of oxygen increases, the lactic acid completely breakdown into
carbon dioxide and water.

* It is because anaerobic respiration takes place and lactic acid, and energy are
produced we gets muscles cramp.

86. Ans. C.

* Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to various organs
of the body.

* The arteries are the first blood vessels through which the heart pumps blood
through, they experience the highest blood pressure, so they have thick elastic walls
to withstand the high pressure.

* To provide a smooth flow of blood through your body, these large arteries expand
when blood pressure rises and recoil when the heart relaxes between beats.

* Arteries do not have valves as their walls are highly muscular.

* Valves, in particular, are the forms that are present in veins to ensure that the
blood flows only in one direction

87. Ans. A.

The human excretory system consists of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and
urethra, and the process of formation of urine starts from the kidney, and excretion

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of urine takes place from the urethra. Humans are ureotelism and excretion takes
place in the form of urea which causes less loss of body water.

The ureter of each kidney is about 25 to 30 in length, which is a narrow, whitish,

tubular structure located at the abdominal wall which opens into the urinary bladder.
It carries urine from a kidney to the urinary bladder.

The urinary bladder is a pear-shaped muscular structure present in the pelvic cavity
with the presence of a thick muscular defensible wall that allows expansion. The
bladder and urethra join in an area called the internal sphincter and external
sphincter which are controlled by voluntary muscles.

The urinary bladder temporarily stores urine.

The urethra is a canal shaped structure that starts from the urinary bladder and ends
exteriorly. In the female, it carries only urine while in the male it carries both urine
and semen.
So, the correct answer is Kidney→ ureter→ urinary bladder→ urethra.

88. Ans. A.

The train starts at 22:15 hrs on 6.10.2021 after 1hr 45 mins next day started. On
9.10.2021 train reached after 2 days at station B at 4:15 hrs.

If we add this extra time on the 6th and 9th we will get it as

4hrs 15 mins + 1hr 45 mins = 6 hrs

Therefore, the total time required to reach station B is 2 days and 6 hrs.

Time(T) = (2x 24) + 6 hrs = 48+6 =54 hrs

The distance between stations A and B is 1890 km. Since the train travels from A to
B covers the distance of 1890 km in 54 hours.

The speed of the train is given by v=1890/54 =35 km/hr

89. Ans. C.

Convex mirror: It is also known as a diverging mirror

* As it diverts all incident rays parallel to the principal axis.

* It appears as it is focused on the focal point on another side.

* Every image formed by a convex mirror is reduced in size i.e. it forms diminished
images.

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* A convex mirror diverges all incident rays it won't intersect on the side where an
object is placed.

* It intersects and forms an image on another side of the mirror. Image form by any
real object is virtual(not real).

Concave mirror: It is also known as a converging mirror

* If a curved glass is painted from the outside, then the inner part becomes
reflecting called a concave mirror.

* A concave mirror as it collects all reflecting rays at one point.

* Image is formed on the same side as an object or another side depending on the
position of an object.

* Image form due to concave mirror can be real or virtual.

* The size of the image formed depends on the position of an object.

Concave lens: A concave lens is also known as a diverging lens.

* It diverges all the incident rays traveling parallel to the optical axis.

* It appears as it focused on another side of the lens due to the intersection of

imaginary rays.

* Every image formed by a concave lens is reduced in size compared to an object.

Therefore, concave lenses always form virtual and diminished images.

Convex lens:

* A simple microscope is just a single lens used to magnify an object.

* The convex lens Is used as a simple microscope.

* As we can see in the figure image obtained is on the same side of the object
therefore it is virtual.

* The obtained image is similar to an object (not inverted) therefore it is an upright

image.

From the above information, we know that Only A and B are correct statements.

90. Ans. D.

Statement A is incorrect

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Biodiversity cannot refer to only fauna because animals depend on the flora for food.

Animals need a producer in the ecosystem to survive.

Statement B is incorrect

The total number of individuals of a particular species in a given area is called

species population.

Only one species does not show any diversity in that area.

Statement C is correct

Biodiversity refers to the different kinds of species of flora and fauna present in the
given area.

The term biodiversity was given by Edward wilson.

Statement D is correct

Ecologists believe that communities with more species tend to be more stable than
those with less species.

Forests are hotspots for biodiversity.

They are biodiversity-rich areas that are also the most threatened due to high levels
of exploitation and human intervention.

91. Ans. B.

Statement B is incorrect:

* Cell membrane is present in all cells to separate the cellular components from the
environmental components.

* Plant cells have both cell membrane and cell wall.

Statement D is incorrect:

* Neurons are the longest cells in the body.

* A neuron is a microscopic structure composed of the three parts: Cell body,

Dendrites and Axon.

* They do not exhibit spindle shape.

* Nerve cells are the long-branched cells.

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92. Ans. A.

Millets are cereal crops that are widely grown in African and Asian countries. Millets,
which include Bajra, Jowar, and Ragi, are considered the healthiest grains when
compared to wheat and rice grains. Hallur is now known as Andhra Pradesh, and
traces of millets have been discovered there. Millets are a major crop in India and
parts of Africa, and they come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Millets come in five
varieties, each with its own set of advantages:

1. Foxtail millet: Also known as kakum or kangni, it is a type of millet.

2. Finger millet, also known as Ragi, is a wheat and rice substitute.

3. Pearl millet, also known as Bajra, is high in calcium, fibre, magnesium, and iron.

4: Buckwheat: This is commonly consumed by people who want to lose weight, and
it is also beneficial to their health because it fights Diabetes.

5: Little millet: This is another great option for weight loss and can be substituted for
rice

Gufkral is a Neolithic site in Kashmir province that contains information

about wheat and lentil cultivation.

Mahagara is in Uttar Pradesh. On the clay surface, one can see cattle hoof marks.
Aside from that, traces of rice cultivation have been discovered here.

Koldihwa is an archaeological site in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. This village
is located near Devghat in the valleys of the Belan River. Archaeologists discovered
Rice and some fragmentary bones in Koldihwa. So, the correct answer is option A.

93. Ans. D.

Inamgaon in Maharashtra is one of India's largest Chalcolithic settlements. It is

possible that approximately 1,000 people lived here at one time. The settlement was
in place for over 900 years. Inamgaon is a post-Harappan agricultural village and
archaeological site in Maharashtra, India. Adults were buried in pits that held the
entire skeleton. Food and water containers were also placed in the pit. Both types of
burials were discovered within the habitation area, either inside or in the house's
courtyard. Wheat, barley, lentils, millets, and sesame remains have been discovered
at the Inamgaon site. Cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep, dog, horse, ass, pig, sambhar,
spotter deer, blackbuck, antelope, hare, and mongoose remains have been
discovered. So, the correct answer is option D.

94. Ans. A.

Emperors require more resources than kings because empires are larger than
kingdoms and require large armies to protect them. They also require a greater
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number of tax collectors. Because the empire was so vast, different parts were ruled
in different ways. The resources were put to use as follows: To help fund the king's
establishment, for building of temples and forts and to fight wars, which were
expected to result in the acquisition of wealth through plunder. So, the correct
answer is option A.

95. Ans. C.

Monuments generally reflect the evolution of architecture, cultural influx, and the
quality of art at the time. They serve as physical or material historical sources. Tell
us about the time they belong to us. They teach us about the people's social lives,
religious beliefs, culture, and knowledge, as well as the time period in which the
monuments were built. Mughal architecture was a synthesis of Persian, Turkic,
Timurid Iranian, Central Asian, and Indian Hindu styles. During Akbar's reign,
Mughal architecture first emerged and flourished. Red sandstone was widely used as
a building material during this time period. Pietra-Dura is a technique that involves
placing coloured, hard stones in depressions carved into marble or sandstone to
create beautiful and ornate patterns. A series of pietra-dura inlays adorned the
emperor's throne. It featured the mythical god Orpheus playing the lute. The diwan-
e khas was intended to convey that the king's justice would treat the high and low as
equals, thereby creating a world in which all could live in harmony. So, the correct
answer is option C.

96. Ans. D.

Thanjavur is an example of a temple town as well. Temple towns are an important

pattern of urbanisation, or the process by which cities grow.

Bhillasvamin (Bhilsa or Vidisha in Madhya Pradesh) and Somnath in Gujarat both

grew up around temples. Kanchipuram and Madurai in Tamil Nadu, as well as
Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh, were also important temple towns.

Pilgrimages gradually evolved into townships. Vrindavan in Uttar Pradesh and

Tiruvannamalai in Tamil Nadu are two such towns. The Saliya weavers of
Thanjavur and the nearby town of Uraiyur were hard at work weaving cloth for
temple festival flags, fine cottons for the king and nobility, and coarse cotton for the
masses. So, the correct answer is option D.

97. Ans. B.

Dr. Angelos Francis prepared Lilatilakam, also known as "Leelathilakam." Caldwell,

Hermann Gundert, Arnos Pathiri, and Clement Pathiri all made significant
contributions. Lilatilakam is a 14th-century text that discusses
Manipravalam's grammar and poetics. This is how a regional language in
mediaeval India evolved into the regional culture of modern-day Kerala.

Kathak, one of India's most elegant dance forms, is based on the concept
of storytelling. Kathak, an art form with inexplicable charm, mesmerising footwork,
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and graceful movements, is one of eight Indian classical dance forms and the only
dance form from northern India. Kathak began in Hindu temples as a storytelling
device for depicting epic tales from Hindu scriptures, such as the Mahabharata and
Ramayana. To aid in the worshipful storytelling, poetry was combined with rhythmic
movement. The stories, however, did not stay within the temple walls for long.

In Hindustani music of India, a Gharana is a group of musicians who share a distinct

musical style that can be traced back to a specific instructor or region. In Hindustani
tradition, a "distinctive musical style" includes not only peculiarities of
performance and repertoire, but also a broader ideology of music, aesthetics, and
pedagogy. Before a style and its practitioners can be considered a gharana, it must
be passed down through three generations.

Rasamanjari are small-scale drawings (as the name implies), typically done in
watercolour on canvas or paper. The earliest miniatures were made of palm leaves
or wood. By the end of the seventeenth century, Himachal Pradesh had developed a
bold and intense style of Rasamanjari painting known as Basohli. The Rasamanjari of
Bhanu Datta was the most popular theme among Basohli painters. Devida, a tarkhan
(carpenter-painter), created a magnificent series for his patron Kirpal Pal in 1694-
95. So, the correct answer is option B.

98. Ans. A.

Khokhar is a Punjabi community indigenous to Pakistan's Pothohar Plateau and

adjoining areas of India. Khokhars now primarily practice Islam, though a small
minority practices Hinduism. After coming under the influence of Baba Fariduddin
Ganjshakar, many Khokhars converted to Islam from Hinduism. Langahs and
Arghuns ruled over modern-day Multan and Sind. These areas were later ruled by
the Mughals. Another large and powerful tribe in the north-west was
the Balochis. The Gaddi Shepherds lived in the western Himalayas. So, the correct
answer is option A.

99. Ans. B.

The cultivation of indigo began in Bengal in 1777. Indigo was in high demand all
over the world. Indigo trade was profitable due to Europe's demand for blue dye.
European planters had a monopoly on indigo and forced Indian farmers to grow it by
signing false contracts with them. Indigo was forced to be grown instead of food
crops by cultivators. Loans were made available for this purpose. Farmers who took
out loans could never repay them because of the high interest rates. The tax rates
were also astronomical. Farmers were brutally oppressed if they could not pay their
rent or refused to do as the planters demanded. They were forced to sell indigo at
unprofitable prices in order to maximize profits. If a farmer refused to grow indigo
and instead planted paddy, the planters resorted to illegal means such as looting and
burning crops, kidnapping the farmer's family members, and so on.

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The government always backed the planters, who had numerous privileges and
judicial immunities. So, the correct answer is option B.

100. Ans. B.

Pandita Ramabai studied Sanskrit. She claimed that Hinduism was oppressive toward
women. She even penned a book about the plight of upper-caste Hindu women.
After being examined by the faculty of the University of Calcutta, she was the first
woman to be awarded the titles of Pandita as a Sanskrit scholar and Sarasvati. "The
High Caste Hindu Woman," Ramabai's most important work, was published in 1887
and focused on the plight of Hindu widows. She sailed to the United States in 1886
to attend the graduation of a relative, Anandibai Joshi, the first Indian woman known
to have graduated from medical school. So, the correct answer is option B.

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