1

Design of Singly Reinforced Rectangular Beams:

4
𝑆𝑏 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 (25, 𝑑𝑏 , 𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑔 ) → 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝐵𝑎𝑟 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑆𝐵𝐶304 − 18, 25.2.1
3

4
𝑆𝑙 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 (25, 𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑔 ) → 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟 𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔
3

𝑏𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑛𝑑𝑏 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑆𝑏 + 6𝑑𝑠 − 𝑑𝑏 + 2𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 → 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠

𝑏 + 𝑆𝑏 − 6𝑑𝑠 + 𝑑𝑏 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟
𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = → 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑚 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑦𝑒𝑟
𝑑𝑏 + 𝑆𝑏

𝑀𝑢
𝑅𝑛 = → 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
∅𝑏𝑑2

0.85𝑓𝑐′ 4𝑅𝑛
𝜌= (1 − √1 − ) → 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒
𝑓𝑦 1.7𝑓𝑐′

𝐴𝑠
𝜌= → 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜
𝑏𝑑

√𝑓𝑐′ 1.4
𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 ( , ) → 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜, 𝑆𝐵𝐶304 − 18, 9.6.1.2
4𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑦

Eng. Ibrahim Almohanna, 2021 CE 370: Reinforced Concrete Design -1. Tutorial Note #4
http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/ialmohanna/
2

Design of a 300 × 600 mm rectangular section subjected to an ultimate bending moment Mu = 300 kN.m.
given: f’c = 25 MPa, fy = 420 MPa, β1=0.85, dagg=20 mm, ds=10 mm, db=20 mm. Assume two layers of
steel.

1- Find, ρ and ρmin: and As

Assume steel is yielding, Ø = 0.9, d = h – 90 = 510 mm.
𝑀𝑢 300 × 106
𝑅𝑛 = = = 4.272
∅𝑏𝑑 2 0.9 × 300 × 5102

0.85𝑓𝑐′ 4𝑅𝑛 0.85 × 25 4 × 4.272

𝜌= (1 − √1 − ′
)= (1 − √1 − ) = 0.011472
𝑓𝑦 1.7𝑓𝑐 420 1.7 × 25

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.011472 × 300 × 510 = 1755.15 𝑚𝑚2

√𝑓𝑐′ 1.4 √25 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 ( , ) = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 ( , ) = 𝑀𝑎𝑥(0.00297,0.00333) = 0.00333
4𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑦 4 × 420 420

ρ ≥ ρmin ➔ ✓
2- Find provided area of steel:
𝐴𝑠 1755.15
# 𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 = = = 5.59 ≈ 6 𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
𝐴𝑏 202
𝜋 4

202
𝐴𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = # 𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 × 𝐴𝑏 = 6 × 𝜋 = 1884.96 𝑚𝑚2
4
3- Check number of layers:
4 4
𝑆𝑏 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 (25, 𝑑𝑏 , 𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑔 ) = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 (25,20, × 20) = 26.7 𝑚𝑚
3 3
𝑏 + 𝑆𝑏 − 6𝑑𝑠 + 𝑑𝑏 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 300 + 26.7 − 6 × 10 + 20 − 2 × 40
𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 4.4 ≈ 4
𝑑𝑏 + 𝑆𝑏 20 + 26.7
Six rebars need two layers as assumed. Three rebars in each layer.
4- Find effective depth, d:
4 4
𝑆𝑙 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 (25, 𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑔 ) = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 (25, × 20) = 26.7 𝑚𝑚
3 3
𝑑𝑏
𝑑𝑡 = ℎ − 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 − 𝑑𝑠 − = 600 − 40 − 10 − 10 = 540 𝑚𝑚
2
𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑑𝑡 − 𝑆 − 𝑑𝑏 = 540 − 26.7 − 20 = 493.3 𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = (𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑑𝑡 )/2 = 515.65 𝑚𝑚

Eng. Ibrahim Almohanna, 2021 CE 370: Reinforced Concrete Design -1. Tutorial Note #4
http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/ialmohanna/
3

5- Check assumption (steel is yielding) at most top steel layer, dmin

202
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 6 × 𝜋 4 × 420
𝑎= = = 124.185 𝑚𝑚
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏 0.85 × 20 × 250
f’c = 25 MPa < 28 ➔ β1 = 0.85
𝑎 124.185
𝑐= = = 146.1 𝑚𝑚
𝛽1 0.85
𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 − 𝑐 493.3 − 146.1
𝜀𝑚𝑖𝑛 = ( ) 𝜀𝑐𝑢 = ( ) × 0.003 = 0.0071 ≥ 𝜀𝑦
𝑐 146.1
0.0071 ≥ 0.0021 ➔ steel is yielding
6- Check ØMn ≥ Mu:
Since actual d is greater than assumed d ➔ this step is not necessary.
𝑎 202 124.185
∅𝑀𝑛 = ∅𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − ) = 0.9 × 6 × 𝜋 × 420 (515.65 − ) = 323.166 × 106 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
2 4 2
∅𝑀𝑛 = 323.166 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ≥ 𝑀𝑢 = 300 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
7- Draw beam section:

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Eng. Ibrahim Almohanna, 2021 CE 370: Reinforced Concrete Design -1. Tutorial Note #4
http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/ialmohanna/
4

Design of a 375 × 900 mm rectangular section subjected to an ultimate bending moment Mu = 1500 kN.m.
Bar / layer spacing is 30 mm. ds=10 mm, db=28 mm. f’c = 35 MPa, fy = 420 MPa. Assume two layers of
steel.

1- Find, ρ and ρmin: and As

Assume steel is yielding, Ø = 0.9, d = h – 90 = 810 mm.
𝑀𝑢 1500 × 106
𝑅𝑛 = = = 6.774
∅𝑏𝑑 2 0.9 × 375 × 8102

0.85𝑓𝑐′ 4𝑅𝑛 0.85 × 35 4 × 6.774

𝜌= (1 − √1 − ′
)= (1 − √1 − ) = 0.01856
𝑓𝑦 1.7𝑓𝑐 420 1.7 × 35

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑 = 0.011472 × 375 × 810 = 5637.7 𝑚𝑚2

√𝑓𝑐′ 1.4 √35 1.4

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 ( , ) = 𝑀𝑎𝑥 ( , ) = 𝑀𝑎𝑥(0.00352,0.00333) = 0.00352
4𝑓𝑦 𝑓𝑦 4 × 420 420

ρ ≥ ρmin ➔ ✓
2- Find provided area of steel:
𝐴𝑠 5637.7
# 𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 = = = 9.16 ≈ 10 𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠
𝐴𝑏 282
𝜋 4

282
𝐴𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = # 𝑟𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠 × 𝐴𝑏 = 10 × 𝜋 = 6157.5 𝑚𝑚2
4
3- Check number of layers:
𝑏 + 𝑆𝑏 − 6𝑑𝑠 + 𝑑𝑏 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 375 + 30 − 6 × 10 + 28 − 2 × 40
𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = = 5.05 ≈ 5
𝑑𝑏 + 𝑆𝑏 28 + 30
ten rebars need two layers as assumed. five rebars in each layer.
4- Find effective depth, d:
𝑑𝑏
𝑑𝑡 = ℎ − 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟 − 𝑑𝑠 − = 900 − 40 − 10 − 14 = 836 𝑚𝑚
2
𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑑𝑡 − 𝑆 − 𝑑𝑏 = 836 − 30 − 28 = 778 𝑚𝑚
𝑑 = (𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝑑𝑡 )/2 = 807 𝑚𝑚
5- Check assumption (steel is yielding) at most top steel layer, dmin
282
𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 6 × 𝜋 4 × 420
𝑎= = = 231.813 𝑚𝑚
0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏 0.85 × 35 × 375
f’c = 35 MPa > 28 ➔ β1 should be calculated
0.05(𝑓𝑐′ − 28) 0.05(35 − 28)
𝛽1 = 0.85 − = 0.85 − = 0.814
7 7
Eng. Ibrahim Almohanna, 2021 CE 370: Reinforced Concrete Design -1. Tutorial Note #4
http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/ialmohanna/
5

𝑎 231.813
𝑐= = = 284.782 𝑚𝑚
𝛽1 0.814
𝑑𝑚𝑖𝑛 − 𝑐 778 − 284.782
𝜀𝑚𝑖𝑛 = ( ) 𝜀𝑐𝑢 = ( ) × 0.003 = 0.0052 ≥ 𝜀𝑦
𝑐 284.782
0.0052 ≥ 0.0021 ➔ steel is yielding
6- Check ØMn ≥ Mu:
Since actual d is less than assumed d ➔ this step is necessary.
𝑎 282 231.813
∅𝑀𝑛 = ∅𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 (𝑑 − ) = 0.9 × 10 × 𝜋 × 420 (807 − ) = 1608.55 × 106 𝑁. 𝑚𝑚
2 4 2
∅𝑀𝑛 = 1608.55 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚 ≥ 𝑀𝑢 = 1500 𝑘𝑁. 𝑚
7- Draw beam section:

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Eng. Ibrahim Almohanna, 2021 CE 370: Reinforced Concrete Design -1. Tutorial Note #4
http://fac.ksu.edu.sa/ialmohanna/