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Mathematics
57 pag.

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INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR
(OFAD – 30025)
Foundation of Shorthand

Compiled by

Asst. Prof. Jessie I. Quierrez

Department of Office Administration
College of Business Administration
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Sta. Mesa, Manila

2020

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 Chapter 3

Objectives

At the end of this chapter, students are expected to:

1. Identify sounds and write the sound heard in correct shorthand strokes

2. Able to read shorthand outlines

3. Write commonly used words or phrases, sentences, article, and business letters in shorthand

4. Apply correct English grammar, spelling and punctuation.

5. Take dictation

6. Transcribe shorthand outlines

Chapter 3 covers the following topics:

Lesson 9

Lesson 10

Lesson 11

Lesson 12

Assessment/Evaluation

1. Recitation/participation during discussion

2. Individual private reading

3. Short quizzes

4. Assignments

5. Chapter Test

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Lesson 9

Phrases containing Theory Words and Brief Forms

 Refer to your book on pages 54-55.

o Write all the theory and brief form phrases (2x each) in your steno notebook (only
the shorthand outlines)

Ex.

 Practice reading 9.1

Symbols for the sound of th

 The sound of th as in these is written with an upward sloping short curve, much like a
curved t symbol. This symbol is called ith. (over ith)

th

then truth

thick booth

these faith

math smooth

Ruth Smith

Note: The vowel after the ith stroke should always be written on a clockwise direction.

 Practice reading 9.2 of you book.

Symbols for the sounds of sh, ch, and j

 The symbols for sh, ch,and j are downward straight symbols differentiated by length.

sh ch j

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 she chair age

show church jobs

shade March change

shape attach college

issued French George

 Practice reading 9.3 of you book.

 Read: Transcribing dates within sentences, p. 59

 Read RWP 9.4 of your book.

Assessment

Write RWP 9.4 to 9.5 on a whole sheet of paper and put it in your portfolio.

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Lesson 10

Brief Forms

the but should this

them that which could

 Practice reading and writing (in your steno notebook):

o The eight brief forms
o Phrases containing theory words and brief forms
o Phrase Practice 10.2 and Business Letter

Word Ending –Iy

The word ending –ly (which sounds like “lee”) as in only is written with the e circle.

only early daily

clearly properly highly

weekly sincerely likely

really totally finally

Note: When l is double, both the l and the ly are written, see example on the last row

 Practice reading 10.3

 Please read: Taking Dictation on page 65

Assessment

For your assignment, write the Reading and Writing Practice (RWP) 10.3 up to 10.4 in a whole sheet of
paper then put it inside your portfolio.

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Lesson 11

Word Endings -tion, -ciency, -cient

-tion -ciency -cient

nation proficiency patient

section efficiency efficient

selection proficient

education sufficient

Position, possession patiently

 Practice reading 11.1

Shorthand symbols for numbers

 Please read: Number Expressions on page 69

 Practice reading the following words in the below table

200 6 Million $200,000

5,000 $8 a dollar

300,000 $7,000 7.50

 Practice reading 11.2

Phrases containing been, able, and to

 Practice reading the following phrases below

has been you have been to have

has been able you have been able to be

will be able you have not

been able

 Please read: Transcription of numbers on page 72-73

 Practice reading 11.3
 Please read: Taking Dictation on page 65

Assessment

For your assignment, write the Reading and Writing Practice (RWP) 11.4 - 11.5 in a whole sheet of
paper then put it inside your portfolio.

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Lesson 12

Brief Forms

Practice reading the following

about after Mrs.

from street when

glad with

Brief-Form Derivatives

gladly afternoon streets within

Brief-Form Phrases

about the with our If the

with you from it I am glad

From your I will be gad

with the

 Practice reading 12.1

Symbols for the sounds of tem, dem, also include tim, tom, dam, dom, dium

items automobile damages

temper tomorrow freedom

temporary customer medium

timber itemized dimple

estimate temple demonstrate

 Practice reading 12.2

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Salutations and complimentary closings

Dear Mr. Dear Madam Dear Miss

Dear Mrs. Very truly yours Cordially yours

Dear Sir Yours very truly

 Practice reading 12.3

 Read the Transcription Tips on page 79

Assessment

1. For your assignment, write the Reading and Writing Practice (RWP) 12.4 – 12.6 in a whole sheet of
paper then put it inside your portfolio.

2. Write the following words or phrases into shorthand outline

Items Your answer Items Your answer

1. $5.45 5.45 1. items

2. I am glad 2. legally

3. this might be 3. forth

4. of your 4. wrath

5. two or three 5. branches

6. Dear Mrs. Gold 6. remember

7. $600,000 7. domestic

8. I am glad 8. Physics

9. 15th of March 9. sensational

10. Main Street 10. schedule

Total score ______________

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 Chapter 4

Objectives

At the end of this chapter, students are expected to:

1. Recognize sounds and write the sound heard in correct shorthand strokes

2. Comprehend in reading shorthand outlines

3. Jot down commonly used words or phrases, sentences, article, and business letters in
shorthand

4. Apply correct English grammar, spelling and punctuation.

5. Take dictation at varying rates

6. Transcribe shorthand outlines

Chapter 4 covers the following topics:

Lesson 13

Lesson 14

Lesson 15

Lesson 16

Assessment/Evaluation

6. Transcription practice/participation during discussion

7. Individual private reading

8. Short quizzes

9. Assignments

10. Chapter Test

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Lesson 13

Word beginnings con- and com-

The word beginning con- as in control and com- as in complain are represented by the k symbol.

con- con- com- com-

Note: When k is followed by an f or v, the outline is blended as in conference, conversation

When n or m is double in con- or com- words, these word beginnings are represented by kn or
km. (refer to examples on the last row of the above table)

 Read Practice 13.1

Note: Starting on this lesson onwards, there is no need for you to spell the stroke before reading each
outline as a word, except when you find difficulty in reading it.

Second symbol for the sound of th (under ith)

both thirsty

three those

thread thorough

thrown healthy

growth wealth

 Read Practice 13.2

Word beginning re

The word beginning re- as in reject is represented by the r symbol.

Note: Before a forward stroke or upward stroke, re- is written re. Please refer to examples on the last
row of the following table.

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 reason reject

reference replace

replay research

refer replies

retire remain

 Read Practice 13.3

 Read: Using shorthand to compose rough drafts on page 86.

Assessment

Starting on this lesson, all Reading Practice and the Reading and Writing Practice should be written in
a yellow paper and then put it inside your portfolio.

Note: Please use the front and back portion of your paper.
Use an ordinary/regular ballpen only. Do not put any artwork pls!
Do not include the transcription, if there is any.
Should you do not understand the stroke, refer to the transcription note at the last part of your
book.

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Lesson 14

Brief Forms

In shorthand, only the numbers one and two are written with shorthand symbols. All other numbers are
written with Arabic numerals.

 Please read

doctor, Dr. they yesterday

during
was one, won
there, their
where
office
offices once
doctors

Brief-Form Phrases

 Please read

there is her is they are not

there was here are they will

I was is there they will be

It was they are they will not

 Please read Practice 14.1

Eliminated-word phrases

In several common phrases, the middle word is eliminated.

 Please read

one of the one of our

one of them up-to-date

 Please read Practice 14.2

Blend symbol for the sounds of ted, ded, and dit

The sounds of ted as in started, ded as in guided, and dit as in credit are represented by a blend of
the t and d symbols. For clarification, please see how it differs in size.

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 t d ted

Ted Ded Dit

tested deadline editor

acted added detail

started deduction debt

listed guided audited

study graded credited

Note: The past tense d joins the dit with a jog.

 Please read: Differentiating between there and their on page 93.

Assessment

Write all Reading Practice and the Reading and Writing Practice in a yellow paper and then put it inside
your portfolio.

13

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Lesson 15

Word Endings –ther

The word ending –ther as in rather and father is represented by both the under ith and the over ith
symbols. or

 Please read
bother author
rather
together weather
either
brother gather
other

 Please read 15. 1

Word beginning fur-

The word beginning fur- as in further is written with the f symbol, the same symbol used for the brief
form for.

 Please read

further furnace furniture

furthermore
furnish furnishes

 Please read 15.2.

Symbols for the sound of ow

The sound of ow as in south is written with the a and oo symbols.

a + oo = ow
 Please read

how south doubt

now announce crowd

house town brown

 Please read 15.3

 Please read: Differentiating between weather and whether on page 99.

Assessment

Write all Reading Practice and the Reading and Writing Practice in a yellow paper and then put it inside
your portfolio.

14

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Lesson 16

Brief Forms

 Please read

company state recommend

work communicate direct

ever, every soon

Brief-Form Derivatives
 Please refer to your book. Read then write all the brief forms, brief-form derivatives, and
special phrases in your notebook. The same instruction with Lesson 9 on phrases.
 Practice reading 16.1 and 16.2.

Word endings -ure and –ual

The word ending –ure as in procedure is written with an r and the word ending –ual as in annual is
written with an l.

 Please read
-ure -ure -ual -ual
procedure nature annual factual

failure natural actual gradual

picture feature equal contractual

 Please read 16.3.

 Read Transcription Tips on page 105
 Practice reading 16.3 up to 16.5.

Assessment

1. For your assignment, write all the Reading Practice and Writing Practice (RWP) on this lesson in a
whole sheet of paper then put it inside your portfolio.

2. Please look for a simple lyrics of an English song, at least 2-3 stanzas and write it using your
learned shorthand strokes so far. Include the title of the song. If it cannot be avoided that there are
few words (max of 5 words) that you haven’t learned yet, you may write it in longhand. Then put it
also in your portfolio.

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 Chapter 5

Objectives

At the end of this chapter, students are expected to:

1. Realize sounds and write the sound heard in correct shorthand strokes

2. Comprehend in reading shorthand outlines

3. Display proficiency in writing commonly used words or phrases, sentences, article, and
business letters in shorthand

4. Apply correct English grammar, spelling and punctuation.

5. Take dictation at varying rates

6. Transcribe shorthand outlines

Chapter 5 covers the following topics:

Lesson 17

Lesson 18

Lesson 19

Lesson 20

Assessment/Evaluation

1. Transcription practice/participation during discussion

2. Individual private reading

3. Short quizzes

4. Assignments

5. Chapter Test

16

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Lesson 17

Symbols for the sound of nd and nt

The sound of nd (end) as in sound and the sound of nt (ent) as in sent are both written with a blend of
n and t.

n t = nt / nd

 Please read
nd nd nt nt
sound grand sent account

 Practice reading 17.1

Short u omitted before N and M

 Please read
lunch come
some
run income
summer
refund become
fun
begun welcome
done

Short u omitted before a Straight downward symbol

 Please read
much touch judge

such rush budget

 Please read 17.2

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More minor vowels omitted
 Please refer to your book on page 111.
 Read 17.3
 Read: Differentiating between personal and personnel on page 112
 Practice reading 17.4 up to 17.5

Assessment

For your assignment, write all the Reading Practice and Writing Practice (RWP) on this lesson in a
whole sheet of paper then put it inside your portfolio.

18

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Lesson 18

Brief forms

 Please read

and several value

part immediate advertise

advantage were

 BF Derivatives, please read on page 115

 Practice reading 18.1

Word ending –ble

The word ending –ble as in available is written with the b symbol.

 Please read
available reliable considerable

 Practice reading 18.2

Word ending -ment

The word ending –ment as in shipment is represented by the m symbol.

 Please read
shipment settlement assignment

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  Practice reading 18.3 up to 18.6.
 Read: Using number as first word of sentence on page 119.

Assessment

For your assignment, write all the Reading Practice and Writing Practice (RWP) on this lesson in a
whole sheet of paper then put it inside your portfolio.

20

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Lesson 19

Phrases

Writing speed is gained by representing the word hope with the p symbol in the following phrases.

 Please read

 Middle word is eliminated in the following phrases for speed writing.

some of the some of our some of them

 Practice reading 19.1

Blends for the sounds of rd and ld

The sound of rd as in heard and the sound of ld as in old are written with blends in which the end of
the r and l curl upward to represent the d.

r= rd = l= ld =

heard

hard

harder

old

told

sold

 Practice reading 19.2

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Blend for the sound of sez

The two forms of s are joined – and called the sez blend – in order to represent the sound of ses, sis,
and sus, as in senses, basis, and versus. The left sez begins with the left s and ends with the right s
while the right sez begins with the right s and ends with the left s.

services faces suspend

advices suspect cases

spaces insist bases

says system assist

senses verses assisted

versus
process promises losses

processes necessary Moises

sister analysis crisis

 Practice reading 19.3 up to 19.5.

Assessment

For your assignment, write all the Reading Practice and Writing Practice (RWP) on this lesson in a
whole sheet of paper then put it inside your portfolio.

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Lesson 20

Brief Forms

organize however acknowledge general

govern present opportunity

BF Derivatives
organization presented acnowledged

 Practice reading 20.1

Symbol for the sound of dev, div, def, and dif

The sounds of dev, div, def, and dif as in devote, divide, definite, and differ are all expressed with a
blend which represents a rounded d v joining. It is called the dev blend.

d + v = dev

 Please read
dev div def dif

devote divine definite differ

 Practice reading 20.2

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Symbol for the sound of u as in few is written with a combination of the e and oo symbols. This e oo
combination is called u (pronounced as you).

few

use

acute

 Practice reading 20.3 up to 20.5

 Read: Using shorthand to record instructions on page 131.

Assessment

1. For your assignment, write all the Reading Practice and Writing Practice (RWP) on this lesson in a
whole sheet of paper then put it inside your portfolio.

2. Have someone to dictate the RWP 20.4 to you and take it down in your steno notebook. Don’t
worry, it is not under time pressure but you have to write each stroke as fast as you can. You may
start on those words or phrases which you think is difficult to write. Then take the dictation per
sentence. Then finally, try to take the entire letter as dictated. Next, do the same thing on the RWP
20.5.

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 Steno Book 1 Readings

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