BECKY TARVER CHASE‘Awéman runs up stadium stairs. eS MING 7 What is the woman in the photo doing? Why do you STU ee ne SPEAKING BT Mer op ELLUM CRITICAL THINKINGora Creer) enced ern ee LIVING | A LONG Samah Riga TIPS FOR LIVING A LONG, HEALTHY LIFE This map shows some places around the world where an unusually high percentage of the population Is 100 years old or older. The people in these places share some healthy lifestyle habits such as eating well and getting daily exercise. Here are some tips that can help you live along, healthy life, too. * Eat a healthy diet that includes a lot of fruits and vegetabl. '* Exercise for at least 30 minutes a day, five days a week. '* Got enough sleep. Try to sleep at least seven hours night. ‘© Spend time with friends and family. '* Think positive and be grateful for the people and things in your life that make you happy. '* Manage stress. Find ways to relax and have fun, © Don't smoke.MEANING FROM (fA) Read the information in the T-chart. Notice each word or phrase in blue and thir CONTEXT about its meaning, Erno eee + Menareaslikelyaswomento live + People have law rates of cancer and other to be 100 years old or older. serious diseases. + Men don't havea lat of stress in - A positive attitude leads toa healthier life their lives, and stress can cause oo + Their diet is very healthy. It consists of a lot of vegetables. + Working outdoors provides daity + Healthy habits help prevent health problems. exercise. "blood pressure oi The frcewith which your loa fous arcu yar body load vesste canbe nt lomo: hah B Listen to the information. Check (¥ the words and phrases in blue in the T-chart as you hear them, 1G) Write each word or phrase in blue from exercise A next to its definition, 1, tn) ciffcutty in tie that makes you worried 2 (phrasal v) is made up of (v) are probably going to 4 ) things that you do often or regularly 5. {n) illnesses 6 —_____)to make something happen 7 (W) gives something or makes it available & ___()to stop something from happening 9, (nthe foods you eat regularly 10. {n)a feeling about someone or something 4 unity Lesson{B) complete each sentence with the correct form of a word or phrase from exercise C. 1. In Okinawe, good food and healthy habits may health problems, 2. My father always thinks he's going to get sick, but Ihave a more positive tell myself 'm going to stay healthy! 3. My grandmother is 90 and very healthy. thinkshe to live to 100. 4, Edhasa lotof ____inhislife rght now. | think he needs to relax more. 5. Ahealthy festyle_________ good food, regular exercise, plenty of sleep, and time with family and friends 6. The typical Sardinian _________ includes a lot of fish and fresh vegetables, 7. Eating too many burgers can_______ health problems. 8 Smoking isa verybad_________. You should quit. 9, Today a lot of people in the United States suffer from heart. I’sa very common iliness 10. Grandchildren can___ comfort and happiness to their grandparents, B Workin a group. Discuss these questions. CRITICAL THINKING: REFLECTING 1. What other cultures do you know of that have a very healthy diet? 2. What are some ways that people can prevent health problems such as heart disease and cancer? Why do you think women are more likely to live to 100 than men?” What habits do you think can help you live a long, healthy life? aw B Find out how likely you are to live to be 100. Check (7) Yes or Nofor each question. PERSONALIZING Then work with a partner and take tums asking and answering the questions. Explain your answers. Then look at the information at the bottom of the page. QUESTIONNAIRE: HOW LIKELY ARE YOU TO LIVE TO BE 1007 Yes No 1. Do you have only a little stress in your life? Oo oO 2. Does your diet include a lot of fruits and vegetables? oO 43. Do you exercise for 30 minutes a day or more? Oo 4. Has anyone in your family lived to be 90 or older? oO 5. In general, do you have a positive attitude toward life? O oO ROL 240124 0121 na Aq 21041 2 S06, 4 paranesue nex susen auou! 2, BMY WEALTHY Lives 5.Listening A Talk about Preventing Heart Disease BEFORE LISTENING (@_ ET Fead the statements and the information below. Then listen to the becinning ofa talk by a public health nurse. Choose T for True or F for False, Correct the false statements. PUBLIC HEALTH NURSES: The World Health Organization encourages employersto support healthy Ifestyles for their employees. Inviting public health nurses to speak at companies is one way of doing this. 1. Public health nurses take care of one person ata time. ; 2, Public health nurses take care of whole communities of people. T 3, Public health nurses sometimes do thelr job by visting companies. T ¢ 4, Tonight's talk will mostly be about the work of public health nurses. PREDICTING (BD. Work with a partner. Discuss this question: Which of these topics do you expect to hear about in the talk about preventing heart disease? Check (7) your ideas. Dantitude diet smoking stress blood pressure exercise Dsocial life WHILE LISTENING CHECKING (@ EEE Listen to the complete talk and check your predictions from exercise B. Which PREDICTIONS ofthe topics does the nurse include in her talk? When listening to a talk, you need to be able to identify the main ideas. The main ideas are the speaker's most important deas, or what the tak is about. Here are some techniques you can use to help you identify main ideas: + Listen carefully tothe beginning of a talk: Most speakers will mention the main idea in their introduction + Listen for repetition, Speekers often repeat key words and phrases to emphasize ‘their main ideas. 6 unity Lesson &EAD BN Read the questions below. Then listen again and check (“) the correct LISTENING FOR answers for each question. MAIN IDEAS 1. What advice does the nurse give for preventing heart disease? CO Get your blood pressure checked. Cl Eata healthy diet 1 Get enough exercise Cl Quit smoking. Drink a jot of water. Cl Read about heart disease 11 Deel with stressin healthy ways. 1 Don't work too much. What does the nurse: ay are some cornmon causes of heart disease? Thigh blood pressure smoking living alone 7 high blood sugar (© ABBA Listen again and choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence, LISTENING FOR DETAILS 1. According to the nurse, if you have high blood pressure, you might need to a. lose some weight b. get more sleep 2. According to__, healthy eating habits can keep your weight and your blood pressure down. a. medical journals, b. government reports 3. Todeal with stress, the nurse suggests going for a walk or a. practicing yoga b listening to music AFTER LISTENING © Work with a partner. Discuss these questions. CRITICAL THINKING: 1. What new information did you lear from the talk? 2. Doyou plan to take any of the nurse's advice? Explain, Boys practice yoga along the Ganges River in Rishikesh, India. Preventedl Speaking 8 unit LESSON & nds, teen a Pronouncing the final -s sound correctly is important in communicating cleetly, For most words, an -s or -es ending does not add a syllable to the word. hour hours like» lites. provide-> provides _habit-» habits Ifa word ends in an /s/,{/,/2/,143/,0F AY/ sound, an -5 or-e5 ending is pronounced 122/ (0F f22/) and adds a syllable to the word. bus > buses wash-> washes exercise > exercises (BDH read the sentences below. Underline the words that end in-s or -es. Write the number of syllables above each word. Then listen and check your ancwers. 1. Frank exercises every day. He plays sports and ifs weights. 2. There are 16 doctors and 37 nurses at the hospital 3. leat pears, peaches, and other kinds of fruit almost every day. 4, Stress causes a lot of health problems. ‘5, The yoga class begins when the teacher closes the door. Work with a partner. Take turns reading the sentences from exercise A. Pay attention to ‘the pronunciation of the underlined words. Pine ‘There are many expressions to talk about frequency. Here are some: once wwice + ah) hour/day/ week/month /year three times Frequency expressions can come at the beginning or end ofa sentence. exercise three times a week Twice a year, Anita takes a vacation with her farrly Wealso use every to talk about frequency. evey + hour/day/week/month /year/Monday/six months five years Every Saturday, we play tennis I goto the dentist every six months. We use questions with How often... ?to ask about frequency. A: How often do you visit your grandparents? B: Twice a year A: How often does Michael go to the gym? Br Three times a week.© Work with a partner. Take tums asking and answering these questions. Use expressions PERSONALIZING of frequency in your answers. How often do we have this class? How often do you see your best friend? How often do you go to the doctor? How often do you exercise? How often do you speak to your parents? vaune {B Work with a partner. Look at the photo and read the information about Dr. Levine's CRITICAL THINKING: treadmill desks. Then discuss the questions that follow. ANALYZING Or. James Levine of the Mayo Clinic says that most people do far too much sitting in the course of their day. He invented the treadmill desk so that more people can exercise while they work. In the photo above, an office worker uses a treadmill dask to walk while he works on a computer. 1. What is the man in the photo doing? 2. What effect might this have on his health? 3. How often do you take a break and move around when you are studying or working ata computer! 4, What advice might Dr. Levine give? White a list of things you think he might tell people. Use exoressions of frequency. Everyone should exercise at least three times a week. WEALTHY Lives 9emer ety etm Tents CRITICAL THINKING: EB) Workin a group. Take tums interviewing each other about your exercise routines. Use APPLYING questions with How often and expressions of frequency. Take notes in the chart. Sec renee Alberto kayaking oncea week/oummer A: What do you do to stay ft? 8: Not much, but like kayaking : Really, howoften do you go kayaking? B: About once a week in the summer. F) With your group, report your findings from exercise E to the class. Use expressions of frequency and pay attention to your pronunciation of words that end in -s and -es > Alberto doesn't exorcise much, but he likes kayaking, He goes about once a week inthe summer. 10 UNIT Lesson &a You are going to give a presentation about your healthy habits. Listen to the example. Check (“) the four parts of the presentation as you hear them, 1 Anintroduction 1D Information about personal health and exercise habits, 1 Plans for staying healthy inthe future 1 Aconclusion and a thank you to the audience for listening {B Pian your presentation. Write notes to answer these questions. Remember to include ORGANIZING IDEAS the four parts listed in exercise A. 1, What do you do every dayto stay healthy? 2. How often da you exercise? 3. What kinds of exercise do you do (eg, yoga, walking, jogging, and so on)? 4, How do you plan to stay healthy in the future? Bane LESSON TASK Presenting Healthy Habits | Before giving a presentation, it’s important to practice it. This will help you with timing, pronunciation, and confidence. if possible, practice ita few times. Ask a classmate, friend, or family member to listen to your presentation and provide feedback. Practicing in front of a mirror is also helpful © Work with a partner, Take tums giving your presentations to each other for practice. Make sure your presentation includes the four parts listed in exercise A B Sie yourpresentaton tothe class. paEseNTNG People ride bicycles in Stanley Pa Vancouver, Canada.BEFORE VIEWING PERSONALIZING (J) You are going to watch a video about using bees to help people with certain kinds of 12 UNIT vince illnesses. Discuss these questions with a partner. 1. When youare sick do you turn to modern medicine for help? Explain, 2. Have you ever tried traditional medicine such as acupuncture? Explain, 3. Which kind of medicine works better, moder or traditional? Explain, B) Work with a partner and match each word with its definition. You may use a dictionary. You will hear these words in the video. 1 nerve (n) an unpleasant feeling caused by an injury or illness 2, sting (v) bb to puta liquid into a person's blood or under the skin with aneedle 3, __ therapy (n) ©. apart of the body that carries messages between the brain and other parts of the body 4, inject () 4d. {0 cut into the skin, usually with venom (poison) 5. pain in) treatment of an illness overtime© Work with a partner. Read about two illnesses. Then discuss these questions: What do PRIOR KNOWLEDGE you know about these illnesses? Do you know anyone wine has them? Iness: Multiple sclerosis (MS) Symptoms: t affects the nervous system (brain and spinal corc}, so people with MS may not be able to walk, or may be in a lot of pain. ness: Arthritis Symptoms: it affects the joints in the hands, knees, and other parts of the body, It causes pain and is common in older adults WHILE VIEWING 1. Mr.Chen 2. Hso-rong Chen 3. Mr. Chen's wife Watch the video. Match each person with the correct information below. UNDERSTANDING MAIN IDEAS a. __ had arthritic pain; could not cook b, ___ has multiple sclerosis; couldn't move for six months —_bee-sting therapy master, used to be afraid of bees CBD watch the video again and complete the sentences below with thenumbers UNDERSTANDING you hear, DETAILS 1. Every week, Mr, Chen and his assistants treat ___ patients and sactifice honeybees 2. After bees, you will ook. years younger than your contemporaries 3. Many think it is based on the -year-old practice of acupuncture 4. After months, Mr. Chen's wife's red blood cell count increased. Her headache disappeared 5. After_____ months of bee-sting therapy, Hso-1ong Chen has seen a dramatic change. AFTER VIEWING B Workin a group. discuss these questions ‘crereeas. amen REFLECTING 1. What information fom the video you nd most surprising? Explain 2. What other kinds of traditional or natural medicine do you know about? What kinds of illnesses do they cure?B vecabutary MEANING FROM Lookat the diagram. Then read and listen to the information. Notice each CoNTEXT —— Wordin blue and think about its meaning. ALLERGIES ‘What are allergies? If you have an allergy to something, you become sick or have an allergic reaction, when you eat, smell, or touch it, Many people are allergic ta pollen’. The diagram below shows what happens when there is an allergic reaction to pollen, __ 1. Fist, pollen enters the body through ‘the nose or mouth, 2.Second, the body's immune system responds to the pollen with IgE antibodies? These antibodies attach toa mast cell, Amast cell isa cell that Usually defends your body against health problems. 3. The next time the same pollen enters the body, the IgE antibodies ‘tell the ‘mast cell,The mas cel ‘thinks’ there problem and ties to defend the body. 4, When this occurs, the mast cell produces substances in the body ‘that cause allergic reactions such as sneezing, itching, and breathing problems "pollen (: 8 povider produced by floverstofertliz ether flowers antibodies r-aubstances your body prehucesta ght dase (BD Write each word in blue from exercise A next to its definition. 1, ___{n) the smallest part of an animal or plant 2, ___ (y} to join or comnect to something 3. __lv) makes orcreates, 4, —__ lv) reacts by doing something 5, _____(v) proteets 6 —__) happensPete ha nena Its often possible to guess the meaning of a new word by paying attention to the other information around it, orthe context. For example, in this excerpt from exercise A, if you dont know the word reaction, knowing that sneezing itching, and breatfung problems are examples of reactions can help you guessits meaning, When this occurs, the mast cellproduces substances in the body that cause allergic reactions such as sneezing, itching, and breathing problems. c Read and listen to the information. Notice each word in blue and thinkabout MEANING FROM its meaning, Use the context to help you. Then write each word in blue nextto its CONTEXT definition below. ALLERGIES AND THE HYGIENE HYPOTHESIS Many people work very hard to keep their houses clean. But can too much cleanliness cause health problems? One theory is that dirt is good for us. Dirton fatms, for example, contains substances that exercise our immune systems when wete very young, Research shows that allergies are not common among people who live with farm animals. OF course, there are many causes of allergies. For example, if your parents have allergies, you're more likely to have them, too, The stress of modern life could be another cause. But if the hygiene hypothesis is correct, it might be a good idea to have a cow at your house—or at least not to worry so rmuch about cleanliness. 1 (v) has something inside 2, fad) usual 3. (n) work that involves studying something 4 (n) an idea used to explain somethingl] Listening A Conversation about Allergies BEFORE LISTENING B Read part of a conversation. Then discuss the questions below with a partner. Raymond: ve been heating alot more aboutallergies lately. | had no ides they were so setious and so common! Elena:_ ight, and | was surprised to learn that when allergic reactions occur, the physical process s pretty much the same—whether isa reaction to pollen or to peanuts. 1. What is Elena surprised about? 2. Why might a food allergy, for example an allergy to peanuts, be a serious problem? WHILE LISTENING LISTENING FOR (@) EDIE usten tothe conversation. What two things are the speakers most concerned MAIN IDEAS. about? Check (“) your answers. Dairpollution 1 asthma cats. chocolate food allergies PTs ‘When you take notes, you won't have enough time to write down every word. thal you heat. Don't try to write full sentences. Instead, listen carefully in order to understand and write down only key words and phrases that will help you remember the most important ideas. You hear Fortunately! respond wellto my asthrna medication. It works relly quickly, and always take it with me. ‘You write: asthma medication, works quickly noretaxinc @ B) Listen again, Take notes using only key words and phrases to answer each question. 1. When are Elena's seasonal allergies a problem for her? _®Pting + early summer 2. Which things are bad for Elena's asthma? 3. What kind of food policy does the speakers’ campus have? 4, When did the number of people with food allergies grow quickly? 5. What percentage of children have food allergies nowadays? 16 UNIT Lessons.AFTER LISTENING CRITICAL THINKING Interpreting Visuals Visuals, such as graphs, maps, charts, and infographics, are used to show information in aclear way. To interpret a visual, frst look at the title. Then use the legend or key to understand what the different colors, symbols, and other elements mean. For line graphs and bar graphs, lookat the labels on the horizontal axis and vertical axis. (B Look at the bar graph and discuss the questions below with a partner. CRITICAL THINKING: INTERPRETING A BAR GRAPH Stren W017 years Foodalleray skinallegy Respirator allergy’ Source: Certersfor DteaseContrl and Prevention ‘Respiratory allergies (lies that ae case by pale, ds petite What does this bar graph show? What does the vertical axis show? What does the horizontal axis show? What information does the yellow bar show? Which is the most common type of allergy among children 04 years old? Which age group suffers the most from respiratory allergies? Which type of allergy is more common amang children 5-9 years old skin allergies or respiratory allergies? Which type of allergy shows the smallest difference between age groups? What percentage of children between 10-17 years old have a food allergy? aYAYNE en B Discuss these questions with your partner. PERSONALIZING. 1. Doyou or people you know have any allergies? Explain. 2. What information from the bar graph surprises you? 3. The speakers from the conversation mentioned a campus food policy. Do you thinkit’s important for organizations to have policies like this? Explain, 4, Doyou think tis information about food allergies will affect your life? For example, will you think or do anything diferently? Explain HEALTHY Lives 17H Speaking Keeping a conversation going is considered polite and is an important skill in social and business situations, Here are some ways to help keep a conversation going: + Show the speaker that you are liste and are interested in what they are saying, ‘A:tm going to Australia this summer B:Oh, really? That's interesting! + Ask. follow-up question about something the speaker said What are you going to do there? How the weativer there in July? + Avoid yes/no questions. Use w= questions instead. Wh- questions require speakers to give more information in their answers. What do you think about that? How often do you take a vacation? [EE EVERYDAY LANGUAGE Asking about Personal Experience Do you know anything about...? What about you? Have you ever...? ‘Does anyone in your family. ..? (B Read the conversation. Then practice it with a partner. really enjoy listening to live music. Really? Where do you go for live music? Sometimes go to concerts. My brother played in a school concert last Saturday. That sounds nice. What instrument does he play? He plays two—guitar and mandolin Wow. That's great! What about you? Do you play any instruments? PR Pe RR KEEPING A (B) With yourpartner, take turns suggesting topics from the box below, or choose CONVERSATION your own dleas. Practice keeping the conversation going. Use the information and GOING questions from the Speaking Skill and Everyday Language boxes to help you. education friendship interesting places/travel music: sports exercise healthy food —_jobscareers hone apps your idea Let's tak about interesting places. (OK What interesting places have you visited? Well, went to Costa Rica with my sister fast surnmer. it wes amazing! Really? What did you do there? PRR 18 UNIT Lessons.FINAL TASK Participating in a Discussion about Health You are going to partidipate ina group discussion about health. You will choose a topic to discuss and practice keeping the conversation going, IA) Work in a small group. Read the information about participating in a group discussion. Then choose one of the topics from the chart below for your group to discuss. ‘Group discussions are common in academic and professional settings. Here are some tips for participating in a group discussion: + Participate. Everyone in the group is responsible for contributing ideas and keeping the discussion going, + Speak clearly so others can hear you and understand your ideas, + Pay attention ind show interest when other people are speaking ‘opportunity to speak. + Make sure everyone in the group hy earth cc people can do in their bee therapy and other with allergies (e.g, Do you daily lives to prevent heart types of traditional ‘or someone you know about it during the discussion. Write dawn key words and phrases in your notebook to help you remember your ideas. eo te Ce ceed causes allergic Pes eeePree iy Cee ee CRITICAL THINKING: (GB Discuss your topic with your group for 4-5 minutes. Try to keep the discussion going, APPLYING Remember to: Show your group members that you ate listening and are interested ‘Ask questions to follow up on your grup members’ statements, Use wh- questions to encourage discussion, ‘A: I think people tur to traditional medicine because it seems more natural than ‘modem medicine B: That's interesting, How do you feel about traditional m A: I think itcan be helpful in some cases, but Ive Mycousin has had acupuncture and says it works never tied it. What about you? CRITICAL THINKING: (BJ Discuss these questions with your group. REFLECTING 1. Was your group able to discuss the topic completely in 4-5 minutes? Did you have more to say, or not enough to say in that amount of time? 2. Did all of the members of your group have a chance to share theirideas? 3. Did everyone show interest and use follow-up expressions to encourage discussion? 4, Was this discussion activity easy or difficult for you? Explain. REFLECTION 1. Which still in this unit was most useful feryou? Why? 3. Here are the vocabulary words and phrases from the uit. Check (¥) the ones you can use Dattach om Lcontain Cproduce Dattiudems defend provide 2. What information about health from this unit will you Cbe likely Cait research mm clas yore owrn Pe aw Dieause Ldisease respond am Deel habit stress a common occur a Citheory a Consist ofa = Fprevent 20 uNITr Lessons_ TECHNOLOGY TODAY AND TOMORROW ee P= . we, ‘ } = a { a a ry x People play the game Pokémon . Cran cy Pere ac . ACADEMIC SKILLS Brn tenants LISTENING Identifying Important Details DO ea es an ecco oe es Using Abbreviations CRU eR ee eed Se Sen ee eRe Cae ee) Stressed Content Words Prec ne R ee DD Se] aLag SON -al sl stata Look at the photos and read the information. Then discuss these questions. ve you ever heard or read about any of the topics on) Explain feel about Al? How do MOMENTS IN 2 Al HISTORY Artificial Intelligence, or Al, Cue se OM UL aU Ey Pee eee ay Due ULE cg Pee ea ac ad has been around for much longer than. Menon rs PU Dene ned Pee er ad ete ead PeayB ocsbunry MEANING FROM TRJEBIE Read and listen to the information. Notice each word in blue and think about CONTEXT its meaning Timeline of Al History 1950 O— 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 CE 1950: in , Rott, a book of fictional! short stories by Isaac Asimov, the makers of robots ‘command them not to hatrn humans. The robots, however, sometimes create their own rules depending on the circumstances. 1950s: Computers become a practical tool for doing calculations quickly, and since they don't make any mistakes, they are more reliable than humans. 1956; Researchers at Dartmouth College say they intend to study “artificial inteligence® curing a ‘two-month summer conference, 1997: A computer called Deep Blue wins a ‘chess match against world champion Garry Kasparov, and i's clear that computers can go beyond just following instructions and can actually “think’ for themselves. in the past, programmers had to instruct computers in great detail and tell them exactly what to do. 2011: computer called Watson replaces one ‘of the humans competing on the TV quiz show Jeopardy!—and wins! Watson is capable of Understanding spoken questions 2016: Google puts together a group of engineers in Switzerland to research “machine learning an Important part of artificial intelligence, tional nt rare the author's imagination 24 UNIT? LESSON A{B complete each question with a word from the box. Use each word only once. capable (ad) instruct 0) intend reliable (oc) replace () 1. Doyou think computers are usually _____ or do they often not work? 2, What are some of the things most computers are ____of doing? 3. In what kinds of jobs do you think robots might _____ human beings? 4, What does your English teacher often_______ the class todo? 5. What do you todo after dass? © Work with a partner. Take turns asking and answering the questions from exercise B, 1. —_command (4 .totell someone or something what they must do 2, ___ circumstances (r) b.useful or sensible 3. practical (ad farther than 4, __atticial (aa) d. conditions which affect what happens in a situation 5. beyond (prep) «.cteated by human beings, not by nature ere ere Collocations are words that are frequently used together. Knowing which words to collocate, or combine, will help you use new words correctly and make your English sound more fluent. be capable of Intelligent machines are capable of ‘moking decisions. intend to Do youintend to register forthe history course? under (the, any, etc,)circumstances —_Imatraid of robots. | wouldnt get ‘one under any circumstances! B Underiine the cotlocations in the questions below. Then discuss the questions in agroup. CRITICAL THINKING. ANALYZING A: Tm not sure whether computers are capable of thinking. Bi The timeline information makes me think theyre not that smart yet 1. Doyou think computers are (or will be) capable of thinking in the same way that human beings do? Explain, 2. Canyou imagine life now without computers or the Internet? How would Ife be different under those circumstances? 3. What homework o assignments do you need to do? When do you intend to dothem? TECHNOLOGY TODAY AND TOMORROW 25l] Listening A Radio Show about Al BEFORE LISTENING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE A) Work with a partner. Discuss these questions. Which Internet search engines do you use? Why? Do you do much shopping online? Ifso, what kinds of things do you buy? 3. How do doctors or hospitals use computers? 1 WHILE LISTENING LisTENING FOR (BEE) Listen to the radio show and choose the answer that best completes each MAIN IDEAS statement. 1. Artificial intelligence plays a role when you are___. a. sending an email message b. searching the internet, -y Tourists communicate 2 Machine leatning could enable computers to with guidance rabot follow our instructions discover something new eee a a. follow our instructior b. disc jething ne Airport in Tokyo, 3. Intelligent computers could help doctors by —_ Japan. The airport aimsto put these a. reading a lot of information b, communicating with patients robots into use in 2019,LISTENING SKILL Identifying Important Details When listening to a talk or interview, i's important to identify which details you need to include in your notes, The most important details are the ones that will help you: Understand and remember the speaker's main ideas. Here are some questions you canask yourself to help you identify the most important details: Does this information lanfy or explain a main idea? Does the speaker emphasize thisinformation? Does the speaker repeat this information? Pree meena When you take notes, you often need to write down information very quickly. As you eared in Unit 1, you can do this by writing down only key words and phrases. ‘Another technique you can use is to take notes using abbreviations. Here are some common abbreviations you can use: year yr with+w/ because > b/c forexample+ eg. in other words - ie before -* b/f technology tech. medical-> med. artificial intelligence -» Al {You can also abbreviate words and phrases by writing down only consonants. people pp! — computer cmptr students -* stants Thete are many ways to use abbreviations when taking notes. The most important, thing js to develop a system that works for you (© DUDA isten again. Take notes on the one or two details you think are the most NOTE TAKING importantfor each main idea, Use abbreviations. 1. Main idea: Artificial intelligence limits intemet search engine results 2, Main idea: Search engines are capable ofa kind of thinking, 3. Main idea: inteligent computers could help in the medical field, for example with cancer. AFTER LISTENING (B work witha partner. compare and discuss your notes from exercise C. How did you decide which detail or details were the most important? Which words did you abbreviate and how? @® Discuss these questions with your partner. CRITICAL THINKING: — REFLECTING 1. Have you experienced the kind of inteligent search engine the radio-show quest describes? 2. How do you feel about computers that can possibly think end make decisions? TECHNOLOGY TODAY AND TOMORROW 27A Speaking 28 UNIT? Lesson A, Action Verbs ‘Action verbs show physical or mental activities bring compare eat increase replace respond work build decide happen occur tun speak womy Nonaction Verbs Nonaction verbs describe states and conditions, Mast nonaction verbs tell us about states of mind, emotions, the senses, or possession. We usually do not use nonaction verbs with the present continuous Here are some common nonaction verbs: be hear love need = remember think beleve know matter own see understand have like © mean prefer seem want Action Verbs Nonaction Verbs We are learning about computer science. We knew how to program computers. Rita is watching people in the coffee shop. She sees one person she knows. Jam listening to one of my favorite sonas. | heara violin. Some verbs can be both action verbs and nonaction verbs, but the meanings are different. Use the grammar and context clues to understand the meaning. am thinking about my sister She thinks homeworkis a waste oftime. We have a lot offood in the house. We're having a dinner party tonight. @ Read each sentence and lookat the underlined verb form. Is it correct? Write C for correct and | for incorrect on the line after each sentence. Then make any necessary corrections. 1. My professor thinks that Al will benefit the medical field, LW Q> Hering 2. Many people ae believing that Alisdangeous. WIEN (0 26 jes in Q, 3. They are working on a new app this month. It will help children learn math. 4, These days, more scientists are researching cancer and diabetes, 5. How many pairs of shoes are you owning? If the food is good, it isn’t mattering if the restaurant is far away. I cant talk right now. We have dinner. ‘Are you OK? You seem upset.eed Sed cones B) Work with a partner. Discuss these questions. Use the correct verb forms. PERSONALIZING What kind() of smart" devices are you using these days? How are you using them? Do you think its a good idea for young children to use smartphones and computers? What are some things you understand and don't understand about computers and AI? What do you want from a smartphone? From a computer? What are you reading in the news about computers and robots these days? How do you feel about Al? Does It make you worried or optimistic? Explain Puce mer : Its important to alve reasons when you want to support your opinions or explain a set of circumstances, Here ate some words and phrases you can use to give reasons. Notice how because and since can connect clauses and show the relationship between ideas. pusene Cancer isa problem for doctors because it's really many diseases—not just one, ‘Since computers can read a lot of information very quickly, they might be able to discover new things Here are some other phrases that introduce reasons: For this reason, im worried about programs that track my behavior online. Another reason for mny concern Is the lack of privacy online. 1) Compiete each sentence so itis true for you. Then read and discuss your sentences PERSONALIZING with a partner 1. Because Lam studying English, 2 since al of my fiends are using cell phones. 3. Lenjoy spending time with my bestfriend because 4, Since tm aln) —____ person, l usually —___. 5. My family ives in For this reason, TECHNOLOGY TODAY AND TOMORROW 29LESSON TASK Discussing Self-Driving Cars PERSONALIZING (A) Workin a group. Read the information about self-driving cars. Then discuss the questions below. SELF-DRIVING CARS. Many new cars ate already offering automation. Examples include automatic parallel patking, automatic braking in emergencies, and lane-assist wamings to tell drivers if their car crosses a solid line on the road. Now, companies are testing completely automatic cars that don’t require a driver. These cars are expected 10 become popular in some parts of the world inthe neat future. 1. Have you everread about self-driving cars, or have you seen one? isthe idea of seff driving cars interesting to you? Explain. 2. What forms of transportation do you usually use? What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of the forms of transportation you use? carticat Tainaine: (wth yourgroup, discus the ros and cons of se civing cars. Then a some of your EVALUATING 30 uNIT2 Lesson A, ‘own ideas to the T-chart. Ss + Safety: Most traffic accidents are Caused by people driving dangerously. + Fewer traffic jams: Unlike some people, sel driving cars could communicate and cooperate with each other. - More transportation options: People who are unable to drive could use self- driving cars Your ideas: + High cost The new technology will be far too expensive for most people. + Less privacy: Computers will need to keep a lot of data on people's activities + The unexpected: Computers in self driving cars cart be programmed forevery possibility, for example Understanding hand signals from a police officer Your ideas:Sed cee ENT) Prey Cortera Geneva International Peer eee Pou arora —_ @ Workin a group. Lookat the bar graph and lscus the questions below. Give reasons CRITICAL THINKING to support your ideas. INTERPRETING ABAR GRAPH %0 80 70 ea 5 40 ° ei = = is India China. «UAE France = USK. UK Germany Japan 1. What information does this bar graph show? 2. Which country has the highest percentage of people who are likely or very likely to try a self-criving car? Which country has the lowest percentage? 3. Is your country represented on the bar graph? fF so, does the information surprise you? Why or why not? 4, Think of possibile reasons for people being likely or unlikely to ty self-driving cars, 9B As group, aticuss these questions. Give reaions to support your idee crizicxe TaMNiKiNc How likely are you to try riding in a selfdriving car? Explain REFLECTING 2. After discussing question 1, has anyone in the group changed theit mind about self driving cars? Work with the whole class. Tell your teacher how many people in your group are likely CRITICAL THINKING totry riding in a self-driving car. Then discuss these questions. ANALYZING What percentage of people in your class are likely to try a seli-driving car? How does that percentage compare with the centages in the bar graph in exercise C7 2. What does this information tell you about the people in your class? TECHNOLOGY TODAY AND TOMORROW 31Video eared ore Penrod erred err rt rer pears a a i 8 Can Robo A ts Learn to= LW e Ma es BEFORE VIEWING CRITICAL THINKING: (@) Work with a partner. Look at the photo and read the caption. Then discuss these ANALYZING 1 questions. Describe what you see. What is happening in the photo? 2. Do you think that robots can learn to be more human? Explain. @® match each word or phrase with its meaning. You may use a dictionary. You will hear these words and phrases in the video. 1 2 3 32 uNIT2 video human features (n) compelling (ad) b. barriers to entry (n) c accessibility (n) d natural language commands (n)_e. remote presence device(n) how easy something Is for people to use spoken words that tell machines what to do a machine that can be somewhere that a person cant be body parts that people have, such as eyes, cats, and ams things that prevent people from using something convincing© Read the information about Chad Jenkins. With a partner, discuss ways that robots could help human beings. if you had a robot, what would you ask it to do for you? MEET CHAD JENKINS. He'sa National Geographic Explorer, a computer scientist, and roboticist Mis research group at Blown Universit in the LS is looking for ways that bts can help hurman beings end improve their lives. One aspect of lenkins's research involves teaching robots though demonstration. This means that instead of using computer codes, to program robots, people simply show the rbot a behavior, and the robot learns it. Jenkins appreciates the progress that’s been made in computer science, but he thinks the progress in robotics will be even more impressive inthe future, When it comes to [robotics he says "nk have more wisdom about the technology todo itbetter™ WHILE VIEWING 8 Read the statements. Then watch the video and choose T for Tre or F for False. Correct the false statements. 1. The human features that Jenkins mentions are eyes and ears TOF 2. Jenkins says that robots might be able to help elderly (very old) people. TF 3. One of the barriers to entry that Jenkins mentions is cost. TOF 4, In order to control robot, youneed to bea computer programmer. TF 5, The video shows the remote presence device inside Jenkins'shome, = TF [SEE] Read the quotes from the video. Then watch the video again and fill in the blanks with the information you hear, |. “Traditionally 've worked in the area of rabat________ fiom demonstration. 2. “There's many different ways you can actually a robot" 3. “Amuch____ approach is to just take the robot's arm and guide the robot's arm..." 4, "Another approach is to treat the robot as a remote-control 5. “We'd love to make it based on what we call natural language 6. “Robotics is really an extension ofthe ______ Technology Revolution..." AFTER VIEWING B biscuss these questions in a group. 1. What are three ways robots could help elderly or disabled people (eq, people who are not able to see or walk)? 2. What ate three ways robots could help other people in their dally lives? 3. Ifyou had a robot, how do you think it could improve your life? CRITICAL THINKING: ANALYZING UNDERSTANDING DETAILS UNDERSTANDING DETAILS CRITICAL THINKING: ANALYZING TECHNOLOGY TODAY AND TOMORROW 33Vocabulary MEANING FROM (f@) FANEREY Read and listen to the information. Notice each word or phrase in blue and CONTEXT think about its meaning SAVING THE ENVIRONMENT IN GERMANY Germany hasa history of caring about the environment, but i's a country with a lot of industry that consumes enormous amounts of coal, When coal and other fossil fuels such as petroleum are burned, they send carbon into the air, and carbon is the main cause of climate change. In order fo fight air pollution and climate change, Germans have eut back on the amount of coal they use. As part of this effort, they are also using deaner energy sources such as solar and wind power. Innovative forms of technology, including enormous wind turbines and huge numbers of solar panels, are helping Germany reach its goal of having only 20 percent of its energy come from fossil fuels by the year 2050, The change has been gradual—beginning in the 1970s—and it hasn't been easy. Many environmental {groups as well as individual people in Germany have spenta lot of time and money on, clean energy. CHANGING LIVES IN INDIA ‘Around 1.1 billion people worldwide live without electricity, and about 25 percent of those people live in India, Solar enerqy—in the form of small lights that get their power from the sun—is now solving problems for many of them, This innovative technology lets small businesses stay open at night, so people in India are earning more money. In addition to the posttive economic impact, the air inside homes is cleaner since people are not burning wood or kerosene! for light. Solar power is also a good alternative to expensive batteries? that need to be replaced. With the help of innovative technology, people in rural vilages can live more like people in large cities. erosene fi a lqui fae made from patoleum tatteries():small devices that provide lectical power Peoreeey Preece Ce oes Ermine}1B) Write each word or phrase in blue from exercise A next to its definition. {n) something that can be used instead of another thing —_______[n) coal, petroleum, and natural gas adv) existing or happening throughout the world ladj) relating to just one person or thing —__________ ad} new and original (n) a chemical element that coal and diamonds are made of phrasal y) to reduce —__________ ineffect (ad) happening slowly aver time 10, ________\yJ uses something up ern anauneg © Work with a partner. Take the quiz. Then check your answers below. CRITICAL THINKING: ANALYZING QUIZ: WHAT'S YOUR SOLAR-POWER 1.Q.? 1. Which system consurnes the most eneray in most homies? a.electronies b. heating and cooling rooms «water heating d. refrigeration 2. Which energy source sends the most carbon into the air? a.oil (petroleum) b.coal_c natural gas _d.solar power 3. Which alternative to fossil fuels produces the most power in the United States? a.wind b.solar c.geothermal! d. wood 4, How much does the addition of solar equipment increase the value ofa home Jn the United states? 2.$1,000 b.$2,000 $7,000 d.$17,000 5. When was the innovative technology that makes solar panels work invented? 2.19405 b.1950s «1970s d, 1980s Source werner | geothermal 2d): eate to beat found deep inside the earth {B Workin a group. Discuss these questions. CRITICAL THINKING: EVALUATING 1. What are some ways people can cut back on the amount of energy they use? 2. Who do you think has a more significant impact when it comes to using less eneray or using alternative forms of energy: individual people or groups (eq, companies or governments}? Explain 3. Germany wants 80 percent of its power to come from innovative technology such as solar, wind, and biofue's by the year 2050. Do you think that goal is realistic for your country? Explain, Ps 'py Pe ae GLsemsuy TECHNOLOGY TODAY AND TOMORROW 35L Listening A Conversation about Technology BEFORE LISTENING IE] Read and listen to information about an innovative solution to a problem in Baltimore, USA. BALTIMORE’S MR. TRASH WHEEL With innovative technology, we can solve old problems in new ways. One old problem was the trash from the city of Baltimore, Maryland, that ended up in the Jones Falls River. The river flows into Baltimore's Inner Harbor—a popular tourist destination—and from there into the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Meet Mr Trash Wheel, a device that uses the motion of river water and eneray from solar panels to collect plastic bottles, cigarette butts, carry-out food containers, and other garbage from the river. Baltimore's Inner Harbor is now a more attractive place for vistors. Hundteds of tons of trash have been removed from the water system, and other commurities are thinking about building their own trash wheels, CRITICAL THINKING: (@) Lookat the graphic below. Then match each pat of Mi Trash Whee! with its function. INTERPRETING fv eaapene 1, floating booms 2. tuin the wheel when the water is moving slowly 2, rotating forks b. direct floating trash toward the forks 3, waterwheel -collect and hold the trash from the conveyor belt 4, solar panels 4.pick up trash ftom the water, putt on the conveyor belt 5, Dumpsters uses movement of ver water to move the conveyor bett © Foveredy the canent the oes Fal Ree ‘ee tus the cemmeyot bel Bac sla orale cankeephewhes moving whenthe aaa remote monitring abo Indates when Dumpsters eed tobe charged. Dumpster When the container ef a boat atest transit ‘ation. Telrgestamouns cftrah ar collected followng area ain ‘otating fr which konto a conveyor ‘ a 36 UNIT? LESSON eWHILE LISTENING © DGD Listen to the conversation. Then answer the questions. LISTENING FOR MAIN IDEAS 1. What two kinds of energy does the trash wheel use? 2. Which part of Mr. Trash Wheel is a very old kind of technolegy? 3. What kind of new technology is making people like Mr.Trash Wheel? (BAB Listen again. choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence. LISTENING FOR DETAILS “The (city / boal) takes away the Dumpsters when they are full of trash. Mr.Trash Wheel catches (50 / 90) percent of the trash from the river. (One kind of trash that is mentioned is (soda / garbage) cans. People online suggested adding (eyes / ears) to the trash wheel Several other communities (are bullding / might build) trash wheels, waune AFTER LISTENING CRITICAL THINKING | Synthesizing When you synthesize, you combine, or put together, information from two or more Sources in order to understand a topic in anew way. This can also involve combining new information with your own ideas and knowledge about a topic Synthesizing can help you find a solution toa problem or think of new ways of doing or improving something. © work with a partner. Discuss this question: What are three ways the Intemetis used to CRITICAL THINKING ‘operate or promote Mr. Trash Wheel? Use information from the conversation and the SYNTHESIZING. graphic on page 36. Write your ideas in the chart. Form a group with another pair of students, Compare your answers from exercise E, CRITICAL THINKING: Then discuss this question: How could the Internet and other new kinds of technology SYNTHESIZING be used to help Mr. Trash Wheel have an even bigger impact on the environment? TECHNOLOGY TODAY AND TOMORROW 37Bi sccaking caiTicaL THINKING: MJ With your partner lookat the types of technology listed inthe box and askand ANALYZING answer the questions below. A: What'schanging with TV ormovies? 8: People are watching them on their phones, but they‘ stillgoing to the movie theater, too. appyyprograms cameras computers the Intemet phones TV/movies other What is happening or changing with each kind of technology these days? 2. How do people use each kind of technology to solve problems in their daity lives? 3. In your county, what impact are cel phones or other devices having on your culture? For example, are these devices changing education, or the viays people make money or make new frends? EVERYDAY LANGUAGE Giving Advice Youshould create astrongerpassword We had better get back to work for yourwef. You shouldn't work so hard. Luisa had better not forget to set her alarm, She has an early exam, CRITICAL THINKING: Read each statement and choose A for Agree or D for Disagree. EVALUATING 1. People shouldn't check their phones when they're doing things, AD with their friends or family Governments should make sure everyone in their country has AD access to the Internet: 3. People had better not share thelr personal information ontine. AD 4, Engineers should invent some inexpensive devices so that AD everyone can afford them. 5. App designers should focus on helping to solve people's problems, = AD rather than entertaining them with games > Men using their cell phones, Bai Island, 38 uNIT2 Lessone© Workin a group. Take turns saying the statements in exercise B aloud and whether you PERSONALIZING agree or disagree. Give reasons for your opinions. Penney IBUERGY |= English, not every word ina sentence gets the same amount of stress or emphasis. Content words receive more stress because they have more meaning or 4ive more information than other words. This means the stressed sylable in content words isa bit louder, longer, and higher in pitch. Content words include: nouns main verbs adjectives adverbs question words ‘The book ison the table in the back of the room. ‘My friend took a chemistry course in college {B Underline the content words in each sentence. Nabila is taking a course in computer programming. Samir wants to become a software designer. Allof my friends have cell phones. Large televisions consume a lot of electricity {'m trying to cut back cn the time | spend online. Kenji wants to buya phone with a better camera, Roh Be @_ BLD Listen to the sentences from exercise D and check your answers. Then practice saying the sentences with a partner. Remember to stress the content words. FINAL TASK Presenting a New Technology Product You ate going to give a short pai presentation. You and a partner wil think of real problem and a new kind of technology product that could help solve that problem, Your job isto convince your audience that the ides is good and the productis worth buying. ® work witha partner. Brainstorm a list of problems that you care about. The problems BRAINSTORMING could be major issues that your community or the world is dealing with (e.g, pollution, ccime, or traffic), or they could be smaller everyday problems (eg. oversieeping, forgetting vocabulary words, or being late). Write the list in your notebook. B Look at your list of problems and choose one that you both want to focus on. Brainstorm ideas for new technology products that could help solve the problem you BRAINSTORMING chose in exercise B. TECHNOLOGY TODAY AND TOMORROW 39ORGANIZING IDEAS BY Choose one of your ideas from exercise C and create a proposal for a new kind of technology product. It should be for a product that doesn't exist yet. Think about what the product will do, its name, who will want to buy it (eg,, children, doctors, governments), and any other important details. Complete the proposal outline below with brief notes as you plan your presentation. Proposal Outline Description of problem: Product description (name of product; How does it solve the problem?): Target market (Who will buy it? Who is it for’: 4. Other details (price, location, etc) Conclusion (Summarize the product's benefits}: ® Decide who will present which information. Write brief notes to use during your presentation. Use the information from your proposal to helo you. Then practice your presentation. Give reasons to support your ideas, and remember to stress content words. Poot mn ‘When you are giving a presentation, i's important to look up from your notes often and speak directly to your audience. Iit'sa small group, try to make brief eye contact with each person. Hit'sa large group, be sure to look toward every part of the room at least once. This will make people want to listen to you and will help you connect with your audience. Brcmeas PRESENTING B) Give your presentation to the class. Remember to make eye contact with your audience, REFLECTION 1. What are some useful vocabulary collacations you. 3. Here are the vocabulary words and phrases from the learned in this unit? unit. Check (¥) the ones you can use. Qaltemative ma Oconsumesa instruct aa Dartificial Ocutbackon — Llintend 2. What doyou thinkis the most innovative kind of Obeyond Difessifuel — Cipractcal technoleay discussed in this unit? Ocapable ax Ogradual Oreliatse ax carbon impact ox Oreplace Ocircumstance ms = Lindividualms ~=Cworldwide Ocommand Cinnovative aa 40 uniT2 LessonsVow aet aT Tere ens Tecan] Using a Numbered List SPEAKING Asking for and Giving Clarification Pees a an CRITICAL THINKING Activating Prior Knowledge ‘Acowboy in Montana's Judith Basin, USA DOL Da eTavrss Sear cond ee CS aCe ce TOA Cet 3 In which countries de cowboys live and work?E WORLD Giving gifts is an important part of nearly every ero world, People give aifts to celebrate sp al occasions, and to say “thank me ee ratulations,” or # “welcome” Gift giving custo es ren a ie re. \Agirl opensa gift ather ee red een acc) na Ayyoung woman unwraps gifts Corea ea re Per one Pr cae Erementar Chinese New Year or Lunar 2567 in Semarang, ees ae ene ee) s ofW vccabuiary meaninc trom @® Read the sentences. Notice each word in blue and think about its meaning, CONTEXT 4a Unita LESSON A Choose the correct word or phrase in parentheses to complete each sentence. Then listen and check your answers. 1. Inmy country, we have a custom of giving money to children on their birthdays. Parents (usually / never) give their children money as aqgift 2. The actual cost ofa big holiday celebration can be higher than people expect. People often end up spending (more / less) money on food and gifts than they plan to, 3. Culture is a factorin gift giving, People from some cultures feel that ifthey receivea gift, they must give a gift in return. Their culture fsa (reason for / result off that feeling. 4, Wornen in Japan still wear a kimono for their wedding. They (have / haven't) stopped wearing these beautiful clothes. 5. In Korea, people eat traditional foods such as rice cakes on New Year's Day. They have done this fora (short/long) tine 6. Weare developing a program to teach foreigners about our culture. We are now (making plans / selling tickets) for this program. 7. In the future, many languages will probably disappear. Someday (many people / no one) will speak these languages. 8. Agroup of people called the Inuit live in the Arctic regions of the world, They live in cold (cities / areas). 9, Many cultures use storytelling to help preserve their language and traditions. They tell stories to help (keep / change] them 10. Scientists estimate that there are over 7,000 languages in the world. They (know / don't know) the exact number. ®_workwith a partner. Match each word in blue from exercise A with its definition. 1, custom (n) a. an action or practice thet is common to a person or group 2, actual (adi) b. areas of country or of the world 3. factor (n) ©. upto and including the present 4, still adv) d. to keep or protect 5. traditional (adj). anissue in, a cause of 6 developing) f._real 7. —— disappear (v) g. to make quess based on available information 8 regions (n) h. making into something bigger or more complete 9, __ preserve (y) i. tono longer exist or be visible 10, estimate) j. customary or normal in a certain cukture© DUB Fitineach blank with the correct form of a word from exercise B, Use each word only once. Then listen and check your answers Cowboy Life and Culture In the 1800s, cowhoys worked with cattle all across the Western of the United States. An important in the cowboys’ work was the long istance from cattle ranches'to the nearest railroad, Cowboys moved cattle in huge cattle drives. It was hard work. Experts thatin acatile drive, only about 10 cowboys would be involved in moving over 3,000 cattle time, cowboys —_some very interesting For example, somne cowboys would sing to their cattle at night to keep them quiet. Some __ American sonas were originally cowboy songs, and people ing them today. Cowboys have not completey; however, there are not neerly as many as there were in the past. And even though there are fewer_________ cowboys now, many people in parts of the United States wear cowboy hats and boots. Rodeos” are also very popular in some parts ofthe United States and help someaspects of the cowboy culture. Yeanches rage fre where animals cad 2rodeor (publ events where cowboys show thet kl ® Work witha partner. Take tums completing the sentences with your own Ideas. PERSONALIZING 1. A traditional food from my country thet Ilike is 2. Some people in my country stil 3. Aholiday custom that | enjoy is. 4, Inmy country, ... has/have disappeared 5. [think it's really important to preserve » Acouboy onacattle drive in Castle Valley, Utah, USA ite oh ael] Listening A Lecture about Cowboys BEFORE LISTENING CRITICAL THINKING Activating Prior Knowledge Before you listen to a talkthink about the topic and whet you alteady know about it-This will help you make connections between the new information inthe talk and your prior knowledge, which will help you better understand what you hear. PRIOR KNOWLEDGE You are going tolsten toa lecture about cowboys in North America Dscus these questions with apart, 1. What do you know about the work that cowboys da? 2. Besides North Americs, do you know ef any other regions that have cowboys? 3. What else would you lke to learn about cowboys? WHILE LISTENING Listen to the lecture. Choose the correct answers, usteuine ror @ OE a.Canada f. the United States Mexico Spain 2. Which two aspects of Robb Kendrick’s book does the lecturer mention? a. photos b. number of pages information about modem cowboys d. how old the book is > Lefts portrait of ‘Tyrel Tucker taken by Robb Kendrick, Powell, Wyoming, USA Right: A portrait of Manuel Rodriguez taken by Robb Kendrick, Muzquiz, Mexico 46 uNiTa Lesson A4 AMexican charro roping ahorse © ABD issten again. complete the notes about the two cowboys. LISTENING FOR DETAILS Tyre Tucker Manuel Rodriguez + goths frst horee when he was + parted working with lo father when he Wa + one winter, he and his brothe ttle + got_____and moved to the etty + lve na shack with ni —— + planned to work: to the countryside and a vaquero again (B WWD Read the statements below. Listen again and choose T for Tue or Ffor False CRITICAL THINKING, for each statement. The professor does not say the answers directly. You willneed to MAKING INFERENCES think about what youheor. Correct the false statements. 1, Tytel liked school. T F 2. Tyrel and his brother ate a healthy diet T F 3, Both of these cowboys would be unhappy living in a big city. T F 4, The two men want to get better jobs I F B Work with a partner. Compare your answers from exercise D and discuss this question ‘What information from the lecture helped you choose your answers? AFTER LISTENING (B work witha partner. Discuss these questions. CRITICAL THINKING: REFLECTING 1. What ideas did you have about cowboys before you listened to the lecture? Have your ideas changed atall? Explain. 2. Why do you think Robb Kendrick used an old kind of camera to take photos of cowboys? 3. Why do you think some people still want to be cowboys teday? 4. Would you like the cowboy way of life? Explain. CULTURE AND TRADITION. 47A Speaking Pee ee 48 uNITa LESSON A When participating in a conversation, you often need to ask for or glve clarification. Here are some expressions you can use: Asking for Clarification Giving Clarification tim sorry, didyou say... ? No, Isai that. Excuse me, Ihave a question. Let me explain Could you please explain thai? Yes, Imean that... Boyou mean that....? To put itanother way... {Im afraid | dorit understand. Inother words,... Read and listen to the conversation. Write the missing phrases you hear. During the lecture, you said that the cowboy tradition in Mexico began in the 16005} x02 the situation there today? Professor Diaz: Certainly. Some cowboys in Mexico are workers who live with the cattle and take care of them, The ranches there can be very lerge,ané cattle need to be moved. from place to place, so there are still cowboys working in Mexico today. Liam: You talked about two kinds of cowboys in Mexico. them again? Professor Diaz: Sure. The most famous cowboys in Mexico are the charros. They ride their horses in contests called charreadas. The other kind of cowboys are the vaqueros—the Cones who work with cattle every day. Liam: What kind of work do charras do, exactly? Professor Diaz: /|___. For charros siding horses and roping cattle is mostly a sport, or a hobby. Charros have many of the same skils a any cowboy, and they perform those skills for an audience in the charreada events. But for the vaqueros, this is their job. It’s how they make a living, Liam: OK. So, Manuel Rodrigue? ... the cowboy in the book ... Is a vaquero, not a cham, ight?Professor Diaz: Exactly! Emily: Just 10 clarity, charros aren't real coviboys? Professor Diaz: No, : charros area part of the cowboy tradition, but many of them dont do it as actual work B® complete the sentences with your own ideas. Then with a partner, take turns reading ASKING FOR your sentences. Practice asking for and giving clarification. [AND GIVING CLARIFICATION ‘A: In my cpinion, the cowboy way of life is difficult. 8: Doyou mean that cowboys’ work is difficult or the way they live? 1. Inmy opinion, the cowboy way offfe ig 2. Atradition that isnow disappearing is 3. I think one of the main reasons why traditions disappears 4, Anexample of traditional clothing is. 5, When you receive a gift in my country, the custom is to Tune tiac a ee We form the past continuous with was/ivere plus the ing form of a verb. We use the past continuous: 1. To talk about actions that were in progress ata certain time in the past. Tyrel was riding horses atthe age oftwo. Surmi wasn’t living in Nev York in 2014 2. with the simple past to show that one action was in progress when another action happened. He was working asa vaquero in Coahuila, Mexico, when Kendrick met hirn. We saw a beautiful bird while we were walking hore. 3. to tak about two actions that were in progress at the same time Hewas working outsicle while his clossmates were indoors playing computer games. Were you listening to music while you were studying? © Fead the sentences and underline the verbs in the past continuous. Then with a CRITICAL THINKING partner, discuss why each sentence uses the past continuous. ANALYZING 1. His grandfather was stil running the ranch when Manuel was bom. 2. Tyrel was working on a ranch in 2007, 3, Hewas singing to the cattle while his brother was making dinner, CULTURE AND TRADITION 49PERSONALIZING CRITICAL THINKING: REFLECTING 50 UNITS LESSON A, B complete each sentence with the past continuous form of the verb(s) in parentheses. 1. When | saw Ricardo yesterday,he _™#5studsta__(study) in the Wray. 2. In 2010,1 (lve) with my parents in Mexico City 3. On Saturday afternoon, | (clean) the house while my children _____ (watch) TV. 4 (de) my homework at eight o'clock last night. 5.1 (drive) to work when you called this morning, 501 didn't answer. ©. It__(notvrain) when the soccer game started. 7. Some students, (talk) while Tin (give) his presentation. They were very tude! 8. What you (laugh) about in class this morning? B® complete sentences 2, 3, and 4 from exercise D with true information about yourself. Use the past continuous. Then with a partner, take turns reading your sentences. Ask ‘your partner follow-up questions for more information. A: (2010, was living in Toronto, Canada. B: That's interesting, Why were you living there? © Take tums discussing these topics with your partner. Use the past continuous. 1. Where were your parents living when they me:? How did they meet? What were they doing? 2. How did you meet your bestfriend? Where were you living and what were you doing? 3. Think of a funny, scary, oF surprising experience you've had recently. What happened? LESSON TASK Exchanging Information about Cowboys B Work witha partner Student A will wad about panioles, Student will read about ‘gauchos. As you read your paragraph, take brief notes to answer these questions. 1. What kind of cowboy is the paragraph about? Where do these cowboys live? 2. What kind of work does/did this kind of cowboy do? What other interesting details does the paragraph include? 3. How islife for these cowboys different now than in the past?Student A Paniolos Hawaii has traditional cowboys called paniolos. The first cattle in Hawaii were a giftto the king in 1793. Many years later, the first three cowboys came to Hawai They were Mexican men who were living in Calfornia atthe time. The king invited them to the island to control the cattle that were growing in number there, and also to teach cattle-handling skills to the local people. Because those first cowbays spoke Spanish (espario), Hawaiians gave them the name paniolo. Now there are only 2 few large ranches in Hawaii, and the last paniolos are very old, but people stil enjoy Jeaming about Hawalian cowboy culture. Student B Gauchos Gauchos are the cowboys of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. Gauchos were working in those countries as early as the 1700s. Today, people still admire gauchos for their independence, bravery, and skils—especially their horseback riding, Gauchos are the subject of mary stories and legends, but in real lfe, most gauc! were very poor. Usually, the only things they owned were their clothing and their horses. Today gauchos still work in South America, but their lives are better than they were in the past, Now most of them receive a steady salary, and they no longer have to move from place to place to find work BB) Close your books and take tums telling each other about the kind of cowboy you read about, Use your notes to help you. Ask for and give clarification as needed. ee erty Per ey rec erence aCe)Cy Pans - eae BEFORE VIEWING MEANING FROM) Read the information about Rajasthan, India. Notice CONTEXT each underlined word and think about its meaning, You will hear these words in the video. TRADITIONAL RAJASTHAN Occupations: Aithough city people attend Universities and have professional careers, most people in the large Indian state of Rajasthan still work in agriculture! —working as shepherds or rising food crops suchas wheat. Clothing: The Rajasthani people dress in colorful clothing with beautiful designs, tiny mirrors, and hand-stitched embroidery” Music and Dance: The region is famous for a kind of dance called ghoomar as well as several types of music played on traditional instruments, Way of Life: Many people in Rajasthan are nomads Moving from piace to place across the dry landscape allows shepherds to find grass for theirsheep, and allows, entertainers to find new audiences who have not seen them perform. People: I's custom for people in Rajasthan to be hospitable, so visitors always feel comfortable and welcome there. Sagrieulture \sfonringand anchng “hand-itched embroldery decoration made by sewn design with colored tread 52 uNIT3 VICES.{B Work witha partner. write each underlined word from exercise A next to its definition, Use context clues to help you (n) people without permanent homes (a) people who take care of sheep in the fields (a) life's work, especially in business or a profession (ad) friendly and welcoming (n)alarge area of land (n) people such as singers or dancers who provide enjoyment anaes © Read the information about Steve McCurry. With a partner, discuss things that visitors PERSONALIZING from other countries appreciate about your culture. MEET STEVE MCCURRY. He's a National Geographic Contrbuting Photographer, and he loves to travel the world, For over 30 years, McCurry has taken pictures of people and places on every continent. In India, however, McCurry feels a special appreciation forthe culture, According to him, “There's no place in the world that has the depth of culture like India” WHILE VIEWING [SEG Read the statements. Then watch the video and choose T for True or F for UNDERSTANDING False. Correct the false statements. MAIN IDEAS 1. After college, McCurry’ first job was working as a travel agent. TOF 2. Rajasthan is on the border with Bangladesh TOF 3. McCurry says going to Rajasthan is like going to another planet. TOF 4, Some of the entertainers in Rajasthan are having to find new ways to make a living. TOF 5. McCury isimmediately comfortable talking to the people he meets in Rajasthan, TOF ‘Watch the video again and check the examples of traditional culture that UNDERSTANDING DETAILS [moving animals from place to place traditional clothing cooking traditional food singing and dancing entertainers working with snakes Litraditional houses AFTER VIEWING B®) Discuss this question with a partner: What do you think daily life islike forthe people you CRITICAL THINKING saw in the video? Discuss your ideas about their work, their free time, nd their education. ANALYZINGB vccabulary MEANING FROM Read and listen to the assignment. Notice each word in blue and think about CONTEXT —— itsmeaning. Anthropology 106: Culture and Mu: Assignment: Oral Presentation For this assignment, you will select a kind of music from another country and teach your classmates about it. Your presentation should be at least two minutes. + Describe how the music sounds. Does it have a nice melody’? Is the rhythm fast or slow? What kinds of instruments do the musicians play? Ate there typically singers and lyrics? Play an example of the music so your audience can hear It. + Explain where and when people typically listen to this kind of music. Do they listen toiit on special occasions, such as weddings or holidays? + Compare this kind of music to anather kind of music you know about. How are: they similar? Then contrast the two kinds of music. How are they different? + Define any words you think your classmates may not know. + Inyour conclusion, summarize the different aspects of the music that you discussed, and remind your audience of the most important ideas of your presentation, ‘melody asties of musical notes or the tune of2s0n3 {B match each word in blue from exercise A with its definition. 1, select (v) a, totell the meaning of a word 2, _describe(v) __b. to give details that help sorneone understand your idea 3. ——thythn (n) ¢. todiscover the similarities between two things 4, —_Iyries (n) . the words of a song 5, explain () €. tochoose 6 compare) —_£.toshow the difference between two things 7. contrast (¥)——_g._ series of sounds that repeats 8 define (v) h. to briefly tell the most important points about something o summarize (¥) i one part ofa topic or situation 10. aspect (n) j. totell what something is like 54 UNIT Lessoneeee ees band plays the drums inan underwater tank during a rehearsal Parmenter ence Peery et rene tas ao Keeping a vocabulary journal can help you learn new words and build your vocabulary. When you hear or see a new word, write it along with its definition, its part of speech (eg, noun, verb), and the context (where you heard or saw i). tis also helpful to write a sentence that includes the new word, thybhm (noun):a series of sounds Joa must has.a quick Iwely rythm? © Work with a partner. Take tums talking about the topics below. Try to talk abouteach —_PERSONALIZIN topic for at least 30 seconds. Your partner will ime you. > [like to listen to Reggae music because it has a good rhythm and it's fun to dance to 1. Describe a kind of music you like to listen to, 2. Explain how you learn n sw vocabulary wi 3. Summarize a boakar mavie yau enjayed. 4, Compare and contrast two kinds of food 5, Select one aspect of your life to tell your partner about CULTURE AND TRADITION. 5S:i Listening An Assignment about Music BEFORE LISTENING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE fA) You are going to listen to an assignment and then toa student's presentation about ‘the music of the Roma people. Read the information and look at the photo. Then discuss the questions that follow with a partner. THE ROMA ‘The Roma people were living in india before they moved into Europe about 1,000 years ago, Now they livein many different counties, but they have kept their own culture and language. There are many Roma peoole in Bulgatla, Hungary, and Romania, but they also live in other parts of the werld, The Rama are known for their music and dancing, and they have been very important to jazz, classical, and flamenco music 1. What did you already know about the Roma people before you read the paragraph? 2. Are you familiar with Roma music? What do you know about it? 3. What else would you like to know about the Roma people? 56 UNIT LessonsWHILE LISTENING Peart ee ele Using a numbered Ist isa simple way to record and organize the main points ofa lecture, parts of an assignment, or the steps in a process. Also, having your notes organized in a clear is is helpful when you need to review or study them late. (BD Listen to the professor as he explains the assignment, and complete the notes. NOTE TAKING in the numbered list below. Assignment: A Presentation 4, kind of froma 2. talkabout the: ‘the music comes from 3, —____the muste,and___which aspect are. are which aspects are nem, or 4. compareand_____it-with another kind of a sample of the music ifyou can 6. summanze the. Ideas, and allow a fewminutes.at-the end for ALi You will understand more of what you hear if you are an active listener. One way to be an active listener is to ask yourself questions while you are listening, You can ask yourself yes/no or wh- questions to prepare for the kind of information that will probably come next or to evaluate information you hear. For example, if you hear: Bossa Nova comes from samba music, so these two kinds of music are similarin some ways... you could ask yourself: How are they similar? @& DW Listen toa student's presentation. As you listen, ask yourself these questions: Does this information complete part ofthe assignment in exercise B? If so, which patt? Circle the numbers ofthe parts of the assignment in exercise B that the student includes in his presentation. AFTER LISTENING {B Work with a partner. Compare your answers from exercise C. ® Discuss these questions with your partner. 1. Doyou know about any other kinds of traditional music that people are playing in new ways? Ifso, what kinds? 2. What kind of music is traditional in your country? Isit still popular? Do people still play it the same way, ori it changing? 3. Doyou think it's OK to change traditional music, or should we try to keep ithe same? Explain LISTENING FOR MAIN IDEAS PERSONALIZING CULTURE AND TRADITION 57J Speaking PERSONALIZING (J Work with a partner. Discuss these questions. 1. What musical instruments do you lke to listen to? Why? 2. Do you play (or want to learn to play) any musical instruments? Explain 3. Do you feel comfortable describing things in English? Explain, EVERYDAY LANGUAGE Checking Understancing |s that clear? Do you want/need me to repeat that? Do you haveany questions? Does that make sense? Work witha partner student A will ead about bagpipes. Student B will ad about ‘steel drums. As you read your information, take brief notes to answer these questions. 1. Hew is the instrument described? Where is it played? 2. Hew does the instrument work? 3. What is special or interesting about the instrument? Student A Bagpipes Bagpipes area very old musical instrument. They have a large bag that hos ait, and one or more small pipes that make the notes of the rmusic. The player blows air int the bag, and then the air comes our slowly through the pipes to makea very loud sound. Bagpipes have a long history. Musicians in ancient Rome played a similar instrument ‘with an airbag and pipes. Today, the most famous bagpipes are in Scotland and. Ireland, but there are many differentinstruments lke ths in different regions of Europe, North Aftice, and the Middle East. Peony the ruins of Urqul COCR eer eesStudent B Steel Drums Steel drums are from the island of Trinidad, in the Caribbean, They are made from old steel il bartels Steel drumsare not very old instruments, however—the fist steel drums wete made in about 1947, But musicians in Trinidad loved the sound and quickly started using them in their traditional music. The sound ofa steel drum is very light and happy. The top of the drum has fferent sections, and each section makes & different musical note. Steel drums are usually played by groups of musicians called a steel hand, Steel bands play all kinds (of music at the populat Carnival festival in Trinidad every spring. {Aman playssteel drums. © close your books. With your partner, take turns telling each other about the instrument you read about. Use your notes to help you. Ask for and give clarification, and check understanding when necessary. in English, not every word in a sentence gets the same amount of stress or emphasis. Some words are reduced, which means that they are usualy said quickly, and the vowel sound is shortened. Reduced words include: articles: conjunctions pronouns auxiliary verbs prepositions ‘Thesound af a steel drum is ight and happy. Weoughta birthday gift for Molly What are you reading? Can ise it? (BY Undertine the function words in each sentence. Then listen and check your 1. The violin is my favorite instrument. ‘You can probably hear it on the radio. 2. Our friends are waiting outside. The group is playing in a small theater. 3. Onlyafew people play this kind of guitar. 6, Tell Maria about the clas assignment, B® Work with a partner Practice saying the sentences from exercise D. Remember to reduce the function words. CULTURE AND TRADITION 59FINAL TASK Presenting a Kind of Music Youare going to prepare and give an individuel presentation on a kind of musk: BRAINSTORMING (MJ) Workina group. Brainstorm listof the kinds of music you ae famifar with Use the ideas below to help you get stated. Wie your leas in your notebook classical hip-hop K-pop reggaeton rock ORGANIZING (DEAS (Work on your own. Read the instructions for your assignment. In your notebook, write notes to help you remember what you will say for each part of your presentation. Presentation Assignment: 1. Select a kind of music from the brainstorming list you made in exercise A 2. Tell the class what kind of music you selected and explain why. 3. Describe the music you selected, Explain where itis from, what instruments it uses, and what it sounds like (eg, rhythm, melody, lyrics). 4.Play a sample of the music (if possible). 5. Compare and contrast it with another kind of music you know. 6. Summarize the most important ideas from your presentation, and answer any questions your classmates have. PRESENTATION SKILL Using G ture Posture means how you hold your body. When you speak in front of the class, you should stand up straight on both feet. Ifyou aren't holding notes, use your hands for simple gestures as you speck. This shows that you are confident and well prepared PRESENTING [& Give your presentation to the class. Remember to use good posture. Check understanding and give clarification if necessary, REFLECTION 1. What is the most useful kil you leamedin this unit? 3, Here are the vorabulary words from the unit. Check) ‘the ones you can use. Dactuel ——-Cidisappeeer Artythm Daspectam — Clestimate ma Aselectam 2. Which culture of place from this unit would you iketo - Elcompare— Clexplain stil lea mere about? Why? Dloontrast sm factor Clsummarize wa Deustom lyrics Araditional ax Ldefinerm — Cpreserve Dedescrbe region sa Lidevelop 60 uNiT3 Lessonege Three million black plastic balls Ce eect Peas Tar) Pre nee ary ero eee rg ain ACADEMIC SKILLS Daas) LISTENING Listening for Problems and Solutions IBSEN er Using aT-Chart paras SPEAKING Asking for and Giving Opinions ee ee erent Brera ey asi water, ornot enough water? CT eC Ne 6— ‘ANIMAL PRODUCTS > ie) tt aa / EDS Virtual-water totals : include the amount of Look at the infographic and read the information. eee Then discuss the questions. 589 Stee a ee Pees animals and make the eres eta Veer vis CHEESE product into food (e.g, 2. How many gallons of water are required to produce @ - ‘making milk into ‘cup of tea? A pair of jeans? A T-shirt? A pound of figs? cheese). 3. Which kind of diet requires more water: a mostly vegetarian diet or a diet that includes meat? Why? - 4, Does any of the information from the infegraphic surprise you? Will it cause you to change any of your everyday habits? 138 ‘yoouRT | D D E N Trev The virtual water for meat is the water the animals drink and the water used to grow their food and clean thelr tiving areas. 1,857 J GALLONS OF WATER / The world consumes trillions. of virtual gallons [USED TO PRODUCE ONE / of water. When you serve a pound of beef, peur you are also serving 1,857 gallons’ of water. A cup of coffee? That's 37 gallons, enough water = to fil the average bathtub. When youweara pair of jeans, you're wearing 2,900 gallons. This is the amount of fresh water that we consume but don’t actually see. It’s called virtual water: the amount of water used to create a product. tone gallon = 3.785 liters 62 unitsFRUITS AND VEGETABLES EVERYDAY ITEMS. included in the vitual-water totals for items that we wear and use every day, fruits and vegetables. such as T-shirts, jeans, and bedsheets, 2,900 and it requires alot of water. GALLONSTO PRODUCE ONE PAR ‘OF BLUE EANS 154, *oca0es { cuicastonn U a } ee 2.00, ar Py 103 saunas s : A C5 FN - ORANGES rs 78, 2 & © 55) 33) srmawnennes sit wl 9 37) ecinss one one “Ora air curr OFTEA. Comrte WHY MEAT USES MORE WATER: Ahuman diet that regularly includes meat requites 60 percent more water than amostiy vegetarian det. This is Sean ee eee 88,400 + 6,300 + 1,900 = 816,600 ees Saree GALLONS FOR GALLONS GALLONS FOR GALLONS USED shows the amount of water needed 18,700 POUNDS, FOR CLEANING (DURING THE LIFEOF toraisean average cow orreeD pale "HE ANAL (approximately 3 years)W vccabuiary MEANING FROM f@) [AIRE Read and listen to the statements in the quiz below. Notice each word in blue CONTEXT. and think about its meaning. QUIZ: HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW ABOUT WATER? 1. The Amazon River supplies about 20% of the fresh water that. enters the workd's oceans. 2. Farmers require 911 gallons (3450 liters) of water to produce 2.2 pounds (1 kilogram) of rice. 3. The risk of disease is high if the water you drink is not clean, About | million people die each year from drinking dirty water. 4, Farming uses a significant amount of water—up to 40 percent of the fresh water usec worldwide. 5, The United States has built more than 80,000 dams’ to manage water for different uses such as producing electricity. 6. Scientists say that 13 gallons (50 liters) of water per day is, adequate for one person. 7 You can collect water in a desert with just a sheet of plastic and an empty can, 8, Waters a renewable resource, so we can use the same water again and again. 9. The Nile River in Africa (the longest river in the world) flows through four different countries. 10. People in Australia use the smallest amount of water of any ‘country in the world, "danni wal bult arosa wert stopthe wate om owing. fen to make elec B® match each word in blue from exercise A with its definition. 1 Seornounen 64 uNiTa Lessons supplies 4. material people can use require ) b. how much theres of something tisk (n) possibilty that something bad will happen sign ficant (ad) d, enough manage ) €. moves slowly without stopping adequate (ad) f tobring together collect v) 4. gives or provides something resource (n) h. toned flows i. important, meaninaful amount (n) J. touse carafullyregen s ese be goa ] ote the qui fom oxercse A.Choose Tor Tue or Ffor Fake foreach statement {B Work with a partner. Compare and discuss your answers from the quiz. Then check your answers at the bottom ofthis page. ere aa eee Adding a suffix to a word changes its part of speech, or grammatical function. For example, the suffixes ion /-tion/-ation, -ance/-ence, and -ment change verbs to ‘nouns. Recognizing suffixes and parts of speech can help you build your vocabulary, Verb Noun preserve reservation govern government occur occurrence: B choose the correct form of the word to complete each sentence. Then compare your answers with a partner's Chemistry 101 is a (requite / requirement) for my major, so have to take the course. Ihave an interesting (collect / collection) of stamps from different counties Where live, rainstorms (occur occurrence) frequently in summer. We (depend / dependence) on fresh water for many things in our daily lives. Good water (manage / management) can help our city during the dry season, Desert plants (require / requirement) very ttle water to grow. Paapye B® Workin a group. Discuss these questions. CRITICAL THINKING: 1, What are the risks of not having enough water? Of having too much water? Doyou —awatyziNG know of ary places that have experienced these problems recently? 2. Besides water, what are some things you require each day? 3. How is the water supply in your country? Isit difficult to get an adequate amount of clean water where you live? 4, Good management of natural resources can make them last longer. Besides water, what are some natural resources that people need to manage well? (@>qny ur anbyqusezoy) 01 pur “sapauno> weIaY 116 THIN same usu yo 3U90!6d og PUnOsE) ERK soypasn yp dood voy go19 inoge) ¢ axe sous af Suu SHONia tet a Kialla Wwe elaucaiel Me a Pore eee Stems actoss the Parana Rivet. BEFORE LISTENING PRIOR KNOWLEDGE f@) Work with a partner. Look at the map and photo, and discuss these questions. 1. What do you know about Brazil and Paraguay? Have you ever been to thase countries, or read news stories about them? The photo shows the Parana River behind the taipu Dam. Can you explain what a dam such as this does? WHILE LISTENING LISTENING FoR (@) EAJEEE LIME Listen toa talk and check (¥) the main idea MAIN IDEAS " C1 The ttaipu Dam is one of the largest dams in the world. 1 Bulcing the taipu Dam forced many families to leave their land. 1 The ttaipu Dam is good for the economies of Brazil and Paraquay. C1 There are both benefits and problems with the Itaipu Dam. Using a T-chart is a helpful vay to take notes on two aspects of a topic such as benefits and problems, advantages and disadvantages, or facts and opinions. Having your notes organized ina T-chartis also helpful when you need to review or study the information later. Farming Benefits Problems produces food requires.a lot of water 66 UNITA Lesson 8Listen to the talkagain, and complete the notes in the T-chart with the NOTE TAKING information you hear. Meee ~ Bulding the dam created jobs: ~ Reservoir covered —______ square about, . worker were required. miles of with water ~ Good for acoromy. ~ Arourd ___failies oot their 41 Prades about 2 7 rd nado eas aioe ofthe electricity weed in Brazil and = Borne 7 and about_____ bin Paraguay. atte no underwater 2 Tawistattraction can. ~ Farmera say reservoir may be raising ‘goon free tours andl go. - ‘temperatures bye much innatural areao, a 4°C, ~ Supplies water that can ~Nobeveryone thinks the —__,__ se curing times of drought, between the two countriests = AFTER LISTENING {B Work with a partner, Decide which person (or people) would agree with each ofthe CRITICAL THINKING: statements below. Then discuss the statements and give reasons forthe ANALYZING ones you agree with. 1, The problems with the dam a. The guest speaker are more significant than the benefits ft provides. b. A family who lost their land 2 It might be necessary for some families to lose their land ifthe result is electricity The owner ofa tourism for many people. ‘company near the darn 3, —__The benefits of the dam ‘are more significant then . Afarmner who grows food ResproBlems ‘crops near the dam 4 More countries should build very large dams to manage their water. @. You ATWinstY WoRLO 67A Speaking In the active voice, the subject performs or does the action. Thedam provides electicity for many people. In the passive voice the subject receives the action, Electricity is provided by the darn. We form the passive voice with the verb be plus the past participle of a verb Thewaterin ourcityis managed carefully How is this word pronounced? ‘We often use the passive voice to talk about processes. Wiateris collected in containers and used for washing clothes. ‘We use by with the passive when we want to specify who or what did the action. These books were given to us by the school. B Undertine the verb form in each sentence. Choose P for Passive Voice or A for Active Voice. Then complete each sentence to make it true. 1. Rice is grown in countries such as PoOA ang 2. Inmy country, a lot of electricity is provided by. PA 3. Nowadays, many people study online instead ofin______. Po A 4, Atmy house, we use a significant amount of water Poo for —_ 5, In my country, chikiren are taught to Poo 6. My favorite dish is made with Poo @B Work with a partner. Take turns saying and explaining your sentences from exercise A. > Rice is grown in countries such as India and Thailand. © Take turns asking and answering these questions with a partner. Use the passive voice Inyour answers. > Coffees grown in Brazil Colombia, Where does coffee grow? \Who owns or rents the house or apartment next ta yours? Who manages themoney in your household? What are some of the ways people use smartphones? What kind of people collect coins? \Who corrects the homework in this class? 68 UNITA Lesson A4 Awoman fills a ‘watering can with rainwater in Basalt, Colorado, USA. tnt BEE) when the suffixes -tion, -ity, ial, and -ical are added to words, the stress changes. The syflable ust before each ofthese suffixes receives the main stress, or primary stress Paying attention to suffives and syllable stress can help you improve your listening comprehension and pronunciation sil educate — education available — availabilty ial ical industry — industrial history > historical B DED Undertine the sylable with the main stress in each bold word. Then listen and checkyour answers. 1. pol I was a significant political event. 2 resident This isa residential apartment building. 3. apply We turned in our application before the due date 4. possible Theres 2 possibility of finding water on other planets 5. inform We need more information before we make a decision 6. theory This is only theoretical situation. I's not real @® Work witha partner. Take turns reading the sentences from exercise D alouc. Pay attention to the suffixes and syllable stress. © Take tus asking and answering these questions with a partner. Pay attention to PERSONALIZING suffixes and syllable stress. 1. Many people enjoy being active. What are some of the activities you like to do in your free time? 2. People define the word busy in different ways. What is your definition of busy? 3. Parents influence their children in important ways. Who else has been influential {in your ite? 4, Many people want to conserve electricity. What are some devices you use that consume a significant amount of electrical povrer? ATwunsty WoRLo 69.LESSON TASK Presenting a Clean Water Device CRITICAL THINKING: (A) Workin a group. Read the situation below and the information about three EVALUATING 70 UNIT A Lesson A clean water devices on this and the next page. Use the information to say sentences about each device. Use the passive voice. Then discuss the questions that follow. > Thedrum is used tobring clean water to houses. Situation: You work foran organization called Safe Water Now. Your organization wants to spend $1 million for a new device that will help provide clean water for people. You have to give a presentation to the directors of your organization that explains which device is best and why. 1. What problem does each device try to solve? 2. Who could benefit from ezch device? 3. How easy or difficult do you think iis to make each device and get it to people? Device 1 The @ Drum cairies 13 gallons (50 liters) of water easily + drum/use to bring clean water to houses + drurns/make/in South Africa + rope/put through a hole + drums/sel for $70 + drum/pull/not carry Device 2 The KickStart Pump helps farmers provide more water for their crops. pump/sell to farmers in Africa pump/operate with your feet ‘more crops/grow with the water money from crops/use for femily’s health and education pumps/make in Kenya/sell, for $70Device 3 The LifeStraw provides clean water for one person for a year. + LifeStraw/use with any kind of dirty water + one enc/put in a person's mouthythe other end/put into water + LifeStraw/use in emergency situations and for camping + no electrical power/require to use the LifeStraw + LifeStraw/make by a Swiss company/sell for about $20 es Conan oe remy B with your group, follow the steps below to plan your presentation. ORGANIZING IDEAS 1. Decide which device you will present to the ditectors 2. Plan what you will say. Use the passive voice when appropriate. Your presentation should answer these questions + Which device did your group choose? + How does the device work? + Who mill this device help? How will it help them? + Why do you think this s the best device? > Itseasier to use because the drum is pulled, not carried. > More crops can be grown with the water from the purnp, which helps farmers 3. Decide which information each member of your group will present. 4, Write notes to help you with your part of the presentation. 5. Practice your presentation. Boake ee a When you are giving a presentation, you need to speak a litte louder than normal so your audience can hear and understand you. Ths also shows that you are confident. ‘At the beginning of your presentation, check your volume with your audience. Here are some questions you can ask Can everyone hearrme? Is my volume OK? @ Win yourgroup, giveyour presentation to the cass. Remember to speak atthe PRESENTING bt vaio ATHinsty woRLO 71Te he ee a ivhitewater raters, = |. Grand Canyon, Be Arizona, USA BEFORE VIEWING BBY Read the information about the video you are going to watch. Use your dictionary to help you with any words you don't know. MEET JONNY PHILLIPS AND RICHARD AMBROSE. They'e industrial scientists from the United Kingdom. They are also the hasts of a BRC documentary televison show called {Didnt Know That, and they/re known for doing dangerous and exciting activities. In this video, Jonny and Richard introduce us to an unusual kind of water sport: dam- release" rafting. Ina country that's not knowin for its mountainous landscapes this may be the only way to experience the excitement of whitewater rafting? "release tet aor fee Ahitewater rafting {rr that takes place on fst erovng rvs with touch wer B) check (¥) the things you think you will see or learn about in the video. Then compare PREDICTING your predictions witha partner's. Oladam Cla mountain Chow water is released from a dam Caraft Ca river or stream Chow to stay safe when rafting 72 unira viceWHILE VIEWING (B CAD watch the video again and complete each quote from the video with the number that you hea ‘Watch the video and check your predictions from exercise B. 1. “This valve alone can release over______liters of water a minute” 2. “For water to be released for a whole day, itcan cost_______pounds” 3. With the dam open, the amount of water flowing down this river increases to a massive _____ milion liters” 4. “That’s__times the nemal amount, which means the boys will be traveling down it times faster than normal!” AFTER VIEWING B® Use the passive form of the verbsin parentheses to complete the steps for dam-ralease rafting. 1. First, arelease of water_isrequested (request) 2. Second, money __ (pay) for the release of water. 3. Next, a valve inside the dam _____ (open) to release the water. 4, After that, people in the raft (carry) on a wild ride down the river. 5. Finally, the valve (close) and much ef the water stays behind the dam again, Work with a partner. Close your books and take turns retelling the steps for dam- release rafting from exercise E. Use the passive voice. @ Workin a group. Discuss these questions. 1. The kind of rafting you saw in the video is somewhat risky, and people can be hurt if they do it. Why do you think some people enjoy risky or even dangerous activities? 2. Is rafting a sport you might want to do? Explain. 3, Doyou think there are any disadvantages to releasing the water from adam for a water sport? Explain, CHECKING PREDICTIONS UNDERSTANDING DETAILS CRITICAL THINKING: ANALYZING ATHunsty WoRLD 73Vocabulary PeRSONALizinG (i) Work with a partner. Discuss these questions. 1. Have you ever experienced a water shortage? Explain. 2. Are there any ules in your cauntry abut using water? Explain. MEANING FROM (8) [AVE Look at the map and read and listen to the information about “water-stressed CONTEXT areas" in the world. These are areas where the demand for clean water Is greater than the supply. Notice each word in blue and think about its meaning. 1.An urgent problem 2.Water rom rivers canbe 3. Without adequate water for agriculture, a in the western United distributed to cities and world food crisis is possible. IFfarmers do States is low levels of farms where the water not have enough water for their crops, it ‘groundwater. isneeded, could affect millions of people. oaco oR) ian ~~ SES suns feet 228 ene 4.Farmers can educethe 5. Parts of northern 6. Water is scarce 7. Australia has amount of water they Africa are extremely in many regions experienced both use. Learning about dry. For example, ofthe world, and droughtand floods and practicing water the average yearly people in these in ecent years. ‘conservation wil allow rainfall in the Sahara areas often do not This has been very them to do the same Desert is less than 1 have access to difficult for the ‘work with less water. inch (25 mm). clean water. farmers there 74 UNIT Lessons© complete each definition with the correct word in blue from exercise B. 1. Hyou______(@) something, you movediit from one place to many other places. —___(r) means net using too much of a natural resource. 3. Ifsomething is_______ (adj, itis usual and normal. 4, —____in) is the science of growing plants and raising animals on farms. 5. Ifsomething Is________ (ad), yourneed to take care of it very soon. 6 A____ {nl salarge and serious problem. 7. To____() something means to make it smaller or less. 8 Hyou____(@) something, it happened to you 9. “______*facvy means toa very great degree. 10, ifsomething s_____ (ad), there isn'ta lot oft avalable. EVERYDAY LANGUAGE | Showing Interest In conversation, It's polite to show interest. Here are some phrases you can use: Really? That's interesting. Uh-huh, I didn‘tknow that Wow! (B® Workin a group. Say whether you agree or disagree with each of the statements PERSONALIZING below. Be sure to explain and give reasons for your opinions. 1. [need to reduce the amount of water | use. 2, When there's a water crisis,’ usually caused by nature, 3. Not having enough clean water is an urgent problem in my country. 4, Water conservation is extremely important. (B Work witha partner. Look at the map and the key on the previous page andcomplete CRITICAL THINKING: the exercise. INTERPRETING A MAP 1. According to the map, what are three places where the water situation is urgent (very water stressed)? 2. According to the map, what are three places that are not experiencing a water crisis (less water stressed)? 3. List two places where the water situation is bad, but not extremely bad. 4, Describe the water situation in your country according to this map. Do you agree with the information on the map? Explain. AtHinsty woRLD 752 Listening A Discussion about the Ogallala Aquifer BEFORE LISTENING (B Read the information in the box. Then answer the questions below with a partner. AQUIFERS Aquifers are areas of rock under the ground that contain large amounts of water. Sometimes this water is easy to reach, but often it has to be pumped up out of the aquifer with a special device. In dry parts of the western United States, farmers use water from aquifers to irigate their fields. Without this water, the fields might be 100 dry to grow certain food crops. 1. Inyour own words, whatis an aquifer? 2. How do farmers in the western United States use the water from aquifers? 3. Why isthe water from aquifers so important to these farmers? 4, Do you know of any other places where there are aquifers? ifso, where? WHILE LISTENING LISTENING FoR) [AIRED Listen to the students’ discussion and choose the correct answers. MAIN IDEAS |. What isthe topic of the group presentation? a, Better Ways to Distribute Water c.How to Solve the Aquifer Crisis, b. What Caused the Aquifer Crisis, 2. There is an “aquifer crisis" because a. the water in the aquifer is difficult toreach the water in the aquifer isn't clean b. people are using the aquifer water too quickly 3. Dryland farming is a possible solution to the aquifer crisis because —___ a. itrequires little water ciit's a good way to grow com bts less expensive for farmers ea Ree ees piles at afeediot near Imperial, ror easy 76 unit LessonsOre cy ‘a bucket using water distributed by the Ce a aot ieee When listening to a talk or discussion about an issue, being able to recognize and link problems to their solutions will help you understand key ideas about the topic. When listening, pay attention to words and phrases that signal when a speaker is, going to talk about a problem or a solution. Here are some examples: The problem is Thats one possible solution, but Here's the issue. ‘Maybe the best approach is 1) [DME Listen to the discussion again and complete the notes in the T-chart. LISTENING FOR PROBLEMS AND cee et SOLUTIONS Frobleme Foveible Solutiore: — Water in aquifers being pumped out — Better ways to quickly (past 70 yre) =Inpartaof the weatemUS,notenaugh — Water water for ” 2. AFTER LISTENING B) Work in a group. Compare your notes from exercise C. Then discuss these questions. CRITICAL THINKING EVALUATING Which of the two solutions do you think would have more of an impact? What other solutions might there be to the problems the students discussed? What experiences have you had with group projects? Do you think the three students you heard were working together well? Explain, ATwunsty WoRLD 77,Bi sceaking Pane een Here are some expressions you can use to ask people for their opinions! Doyouthink...? What’ your opinion of. What doyou think about... How do you feel about...? Here are some expressions you can use when giving your opinion: Ithink... Heelthat...Inmyopinion,.... Idontt think... Ifyowask me, ASKING FOR AND (lJ Work with a partner. Take turns asking for and giving opinions about the topics below. GIVING OPINIONS Then talk about some of your own ideas. ‘A: What do you think isthe most interesting sport to watch in the Olympic Games? B: In my opinion, it’s skiing. love watching the skiing events, How about you? sports inthe OlympicGames traveling to other countries the weather today ‘owning a car classical music online classes CRITICAL THINKING Work in a group. Read the situation in the box, and look at the information in the ‘APPLYING chart below. Then discuss the questions on the next page. Use the expressions in the ‘Speaking Skill box to ask for and express opinions. ituation: Your family lives in a small house. A lerge water pipe in your city broke yesterday, so there will be less water available to you until the pipe is fixed, it will take the city one whole week to fx the pipe. Each person in your family can use only 13 gallons (50 liters) of watera day, ot a total of 91 gallons (350 lites) a week How much water do you need to... wash the dishes? see Wash fruits 8 gallons/30 liters Band vegetables? 2 gallons/8 liters «drink every day? 5 gallons/2 liters a day +. flush the toilet? --.doa load of 35 gallons/13 liters laundry? 22 gallony/85 liters, — 30 galons/113 iters MM brush yourteeth? " ‘25 gallons/5 liters 78 uniT4 Lessons ++-wash your face or hands? + gallons/2 Iers