Energy from

Volcanoes

Quarter 3 Weeks 3-4

MELC

•Illustrate how energy from volcanoes may be tapped for human

use (S9ES – IIIc - d -29)
OBJECT IVE

•Explain how geothermal energy is generated. (Week 3)

INT RODUCT ION

•Thermal energy inside the earth

is called GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
•The prefix geo – refers to earth
INT RODUCT ION

• In power generation, geothermal energy is

the energy of steam from beneath the
earth’s surface.
• Movement of the earth’s crust causes cracks
to be formed, letting very hot molten rock
(called magma) from the deeper portions of
the earth to work up close to the surface.
INT RODUCT ION

• As the magma rises, it transfers heat to the

layers of rock above and around it.
• If there is water trapped in the rock layers,
steam is produced.
• By drilling well into this zone, the steam
may be used to operate turbines, which can
generate electricity.
 INTRODUCT ION

•Since our country is a home to more than a

hundred volcanoes, energy has been tapped from
them.
•The Philippines ranks second in the world’s
production of geothermal energy.
 INTRODUCT ION

• According to the Department of Energy (DOE), 14.4% of

the country’s total power generation is produced from
geothermal energy.
• The production of electricity from geothermal energy is
cheaper than the electricity production using natural gas,
coal, and hydropower.
 What is
Geothermal
Energy? • The heat from the Earth’s interior is a source of
energy called geothermal energy.
• The heat of the Earth warms up water which is
trapped in rock formations beneath its surface.
How is geothermal
energy generated?

•Two ways:
•Geothermal power plants
•Geothermal heat pumps
They differ in the depth of heat source to produce energy.
Geothermal
power plants

•The heat from deep inside the

Earth is used to produce
steam to generate electricity.
Geothermal heat
pumps

•Use the heat coming from

close to the Earth’s surface to
heat water or provide heat for
buildings.
Geothermal Plants in the
Philippines
TIWI, ALBAY
CALACA, LAGUNA

KIDAPAWAN, NORTH COTABATO

Geothermal Plants in the
Philippines
TONGONAN, LEYTE BAGO CITY, NEGROS OCCIDENTAL

VALENCIA, NEGROS BACON, SORSOGON

ORRIENTAL
Geothermal Plants

•Power plants are built in an area where it is particularly hot

just below the surface such as near a group of geysers, hot
springs, or volcanic activity.
Geothermal Plants

•Geothermal hot waters can be used for many applications that require heat.
•Its current uses include:
• heating buildings (either individually or whole towns),
• raising plants in greenhouses,
• drying crops,
• heating water at fish farms and several industrial processes, such as pasteurizing
milk.
Geothermal Plants

• used in order to generate electricity by

the use of geothermal energy (the Earth’s
internal thermal energy).
• Hot water or steam is extracted from the
Earth through a series of wells and feeds
the power plant.
Geothermal
Plants
• Geothermal power generation causes some
pollution; this is primarily in the form of
hydrogen sulfide gas.
• This gas reacts with moisture and causes
corrosion of metals;
• it is also harmful to people’s health.
Steps in Generating
Electricity from A
Geothermal Energy
Week 4
OBJECT IVES

•Enumerate and illustrate the steps in generating electricity from a

geothermal energy.
•Enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of using geothermal energy.
Review

• Refer to the Map of the Philippine below, name the different geothermal power plants
and their specific location. Choose your answer inside the box and write it on the space
provided.
 Steps in
Generating
Electricity from
A Geothermal 1. Wells are drilled deep into the earth to pump steam or
Energy hot water to the surface.
2. When the water reaches the surface, the drop in pressure
causes the water to turn into steam.
 Steps in
Generating
Electricity from
A Geothermal 3. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a generator that
Energy produces electricity.
4. Cooling tower cools the steam which it condenses back to water.
5. The cooled water is pumped back into the earth to begin the
process again.
 • Heat pump is an electrical device that extracts heat from one place and
Geothermal transfers it to another. It transfers heat by circulating a substance called
a refrigerant through a cycle of evaporation and condensation. A
heat pumps compressor pumps refrigerant between two heat exchanger coils.
 Geothermal
heat pumps

• Used for space heating and cooling, as well

as water heating.
• The benefit of ground source heat pumps
is they concentrate naturally existing heat,
rather than by producing heat through the
combustion of fossil fuels.
What are the Advantages
of Using Geothermal
Energy?

1. Environmentally Friendly
•Low carbon footprint
•Minimal pollution
What are the Advantages of
Using Geothermal Energy?

2. Renewable
• It will last until the Earth is destroyed
by the sun in around 5 billion years.
• Naturally replenished, may it be both
renewable and sustainable.
What are the Advantages of
Using Geothermal Energy?

3. Huge Potential
• Worldwide Energy consumption is
currently around 15 terawatts, which is far
from the total potential energy available
from geothermal sources.
• It is currently estimated that geothermal
power plants could provide between
0.0035 and 2 terawatts of power.
What are the Advantages of
Using Geothermal Energy?

4. Sustainable/ Stable
• reliable source of energy as compared to
other renewable resources such as wind
and solar power.
• the resource is always available to be
tapped into, unlike the wind or solar
energy.
What are the Advantages of Using
Geothermal Energy?
5. Heating and Cooling
• Effective use of geothermal for electricity
generation requires water temperatures of over
150 degree Celsius to drive turbines.
• Alternatively, the temperature differences between
the surface and a ground source can be used. Due
to the ground being more resistant to seasonal
heat changes than the air, it can act as a heat
sink/ source with a geothermal heat pump just
two meters below the surface.
What are the Advantages of
Using Geothermal Energy?

6. Reliable
• Easy to calculate since it does not fluctuate
in the same way as other energy sources,
such as solar and wind.
• we can predict the power output from a
geothermal plant with a high degree of
accuracy.
What are the Advantages of Using
Geothermal Energy?

7. No Fuel Required
•naturally occurring
resource
What are the
Advantages of Using
Geothermal Energy?

8. Rapid Evolution
• new technologies are being created to
improve the energy process.
• there are an increasing number of
projects
What are the Disadvantages of
Geothermal Energy?

1. Location Restricted
• Geothermal plants need to be built in places where the energy is accessible, which means
that some areas are not able to exploit this resource.
2. Environmental Side Effects
• many greenhouse gases stored under the Earth’s surface are released in the atmosphere
during digging
• However, these gas emissions are still far lower than those associated with fossil fuels..
What are the Disadvantages of
Geothermal Energy?

3. Earthquakes
• due to alterations in the Earth’s structure as a result of digging.
• enhanced geothermal power plants force water into the Earth’s crust to open
up fissures to greater exploitation of the resource.
•However, since most geothermal plants are away from population centers,
the implications of these earthquakes are relatively minor.
What are the Disadvantages of
Geothermal Energy?

4. High Costs
•expensive resource to tap into, with price tags ranging from around $2 - $7
million for a plant with a 1-megawatt capacity.
• However, where the upfront costs are high, the outlay can be recouped as
part of a long – term investment.
What are the Disadvantages of
Geothermal Energy?

5. Sustainability
•In order to maintain the sustainability of geothermal energy
fluid needs pumped back into the underground reservoirs faster
than it is depleted.
•needs to be properly managed to maintain its sustainability
REFERENCES
• https://www.google.com/search?q=great+amount+of+thermal+energy+beneath+the+earth.&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi9wuu8 j6b2AhWGGqYKH
X3pARoQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1280&bih=577&dpr=1.5#imgrc=mlkWDixeKNSJ3M&imgdii= -9i3jGDaVRd4mM
• https://www.google.com/search?q=great+amount+of+thermal+energy+beneath+the+earth.&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi9wuu8 j6b2AhWGGqYKH
X3pARoQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1280&bih=577&dpr=1.5#imgrc=ISJ5dJHyl3lf3M&imgdii=q3wj8QlnatnqMM
• https://www.google.com/search?q=great+amount+of+thermal+energy+beneath+the+earth.&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi9wuu8 j6b2AhWGGqYKH
X3pARoQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1280&bih=577&dpr=1.5#imgrc=PwPIm4XWkq7h4M
• https://www.google.com/search?q=Geothermal+heat+pumps&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjhsdK_lKb2AhWQEKYKHewfAtkQ2 -
cCegQIABAA&oq=Geothermal+heat+pumps&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIFCAAQgAQyBQgAEIAEMgUIABCABDIFCAAQgAQyBggAEAUQHjIGCAAQBRAeMgYIABAIEB4yBA gAEBgyBAg
AEBgyBAgAEBg6BAgAEENQwghYwghg0ApoAHAAeACAAaUBiAGEApIBAzEuMZgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=17geYqHqF5ChmAXsv4jI DQ&bih=57
7&biw=1280#imgrc=dph4HTUkDNc2dM
• https://www.google.com/search?q=Geothermal+power+plants&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi0hbW -
lKb2AhVQFqYKHYdDDPUQ_AUoAXoECAIQAw&biw=1280&bih=577&dpr=1.5#imgrc=JQgyQY-fYQP41M