Senior High School

Earth and Life Science

Module 7:
Geologic Processes & Hazards

AIRs - LM
LU_Earth and Life Science_Module7
 EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
Module 7: Geologic Processes and Hazards
Second Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Eden Joy O. Apolinar

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Content Evaluator: Elsie Mayo
Language Evaluator: Madonna Grace Dacquel
Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr.
Design and Layout: Jhunel L. Nevado

Management Team:

ATTY. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Rominel S. Sobremonte--, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of Science
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

Printed in the Philippines by: _________________________

Department of Education – SDO La Union

Office Address: Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City, La Union
Telefax: 072 – 205 – 0046
Email Address: [email protected]

LU_Earth and Life Science_Module7

 Senior High School

Earth and Life Science

Module 7:
Geologic Processes & Hazards

LU_Earth and Life Science_Module7

 Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you
to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you
step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in

each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed with completing this module
or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for a better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are
also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on
any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. And read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in

answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher
or facilitator.

Thank you.

LU_Earth and Life Science_Module7

 Target

In your previous lesson, you are done with the history of the earth, the geologic
time scale.

This learning materials will provide you with information and activities that
will help you to understand various hazards that may happen in the event of
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides.

Furthermore, we also want to examine why the Philippines is prone to

geological events such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides that may
cause damage to properties, damage infrastructures and endanger human lives.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the various hazards that may happen in the event of
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides. (S11/12ES-If-30)
Learning Objectives:
a. describes the various hazards that may happen in
your community in the event of earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, and landslides

2. identify areas prone to hazards brought about by earthquakes,

volcanic eruptions, and landslides. (S11/12ES-If-31)
Learning Objectives:
a. identify areas from the Philippine map where
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides are
most likely to happen

3. identify human activities that speed up or trigger landslides.

(S11/12ES-If-33)
Learning Objectives:
a. identify and understand how certain human activities
can hasten the occurrence of landslides
b. find possible and practical solutions on how to lessen
these identified human activities so as to lessen or
prevent the occurrence of landslides; and
c. design an information campaign to inform locals how
they contribute to the occurrence of landslides in their
area.

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Pretest

Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. All hazards are caused by an earthquake, except for one?

A. Mudflow
B. Surface faulting
C. Landslides and liquefaction
D. Ground shaking and liquefaction

2. Which of the following commonly occurs whenever there is a

large magnitude earthquake?
A. Forest fire B. Landslide
C. Soil liquefaction D. Volcanic eruption

3. Which of the following aspects does not trigger landslide?

A. Thick vegetation
B. Volcanic activity
C. Steepness of the slope
D. Ground shaking due to earthquake

4. Which of the geologic processes can be prevented or even

predicted with the application of genetic and engineering and
technology?
A. Landslides B. Earthquakes
C. Volcanic eruptions D. All of the above

5. Why are there less fatalities or death due to volcanic

eruptions compared to earthquakes and landslides?
A. Volcanic eruptions can be predicted ahead of time.
B. LGU’s has prepared the evacuation center ahead of time.
C. People have enough time to prepare and move to a safer
place.
D. All of the above.

6. The movement of earthy materials from higher region to lower region

due to gravitational pull is called ____.
A. Cyclone B. Landslide
C. Earthquake D. Soil erosion

7. Tremors that have occurred in earth’s crust are known as ______.

A. Earthquakes B. Bed eruptions
C. Volcanic eruptions D. Volcano-Earthquake

8. Volcanic activity on the cooling crust of the planer may release large
amounts of substances like ____.
A. Water vapor (steam) B. Hydrogen sulfide gas
C. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen D. A, B, and C

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9. Why is it beneficial to be able to predict when and where natural
hazards will occur?
A. Communities can be notified to evacuate.
B. So that we can stop them from happening again.
C. So that we can harness their power for renewable energy.
D. So that scientists know where to go in order to study
them.

10. It indicates the extent of expected risk areas and can be combined with
disaster management information such as evacuation sites, evacuation
routes forth.
A. World map B. Hazard map
C. Concept map D. Philippine map

11. What is another name for landslide?

A. Avalanche B. Rock Climb
C. Debris Flow D. Blocking Rock

12. Heavy rain is a condition that can cause landslide?

A. Never B. Always
C. Sometimes D. Most of the time

13. What will you look for to assess for landslide?

A. Location B. Blocking
C. Size of debris D. All of the above

14. What human activities will result in landslide?

A. Mining B. Quarrying
C. Construction D. All of the above

15. How can humans prevent landslides?

A. Through deforestation B. By diverting pathways
C. Proper Waste Management D. All of the above.

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 Jumpstart

Activity 1. How safe is our house?

Objectives:
1. To evaluate the integrity of the house and its vulnerability to strong
earthquakes.
2. To realize what how to create the house more resilient from strong
earthquakes.

Introduction:

This earthquake disaster awareness material was prepared by

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology of the Department of
Science and Technology in collaboration with the Association of Structural
Engineers of the Philippines (ASEP) under the Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA) – Japan Science and Technology (JST) Project.

Directions: Answer the 12-items survey below. Sum up your points and
identify the evaluation on how safe is your house. Write your answers in
your answer sheet.

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Guide Questions:
1. How safe is your house based on the self-check survey? Explain the
results of your score.
2. Do you think your house is resilient to strong earthquake? Why?
Why not? Explain your answer.
3. If you have a chance, how will you remodel your house to become
earthquake resilient?

Activity 2. Name that Things!!!

Direction: In case of emergency, what are the important things you need in your GO
BAG.

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 Discover

Geologic Processes &Hazards

Here’s the key concepts that you must remember on the different
geologic processes and hazards.

Geologic Hazards are hazards that happen due to natural processes

coming from the activities on or beneath the Earth’s surface.

Types of Geologic Hazards:

EARTHQUAKE

Earthquake - is a weak to violent shaking of the ground produced by the

sudden movement of rock materials below the earth’s surface.

A sudden shaking of the ground caused by the release of energy from

accumulated stress along the geologic faults or by volcanic activity. It may cause
damaged such as collapse of buildings, tsunamis, landslides, and ground-level
changes.

TYPES OF
HAZARDS DEFINITION EFFECTS
DUE TO
EARTHQUAKES
Horizontal or vertical Fissuring,
Ground Rupture displacement of the ground displacement of the
surface along the fault zone ground due to
that can affects smaller area movement of the
compared to ground shaking. fault

Disruptive up, down Can cause damage

and sideways vibration or collapse of
Ground Shaking of the ground during structure; may
an earthquake. trigger other
Vibration of the land surface hazards like
during an earthquake that liquefaction &
may cause partial or total landslide
collapse of buildings and
infrastructures.

Phenomenon wherein Sinking and/or

sediments, especially tilting of structure
Liquefaction near bodies of water, above it; sand boil;
behave fissuring
like liquid similar to a
quicksand.

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 A transformation of solid
rocks and soil to a liquid‐
like state during ground
shaking.
Down slope movement Erosion;
Earthquake- of rocks, solid and other burial and blockage
induced Landslide debris commonly of roads and rivers
triggered
by strong shaking.
Series of waves caused Flooding; coastal
Tsunami commonly by an erosion; drowning of
earthquake under the people and damage
sea. to properties
Long, high ocean waves
caused by an earthquake
under the sea that may
cause flooding and
destruction of structures
near the shorelines.

Practical ways that must be done before, during, and after an Earthquake:

Before an Earthquake
1. Create/develop a disaster plan with your family. Determine the safe places in
your house maybe under a sturdy table or against an interior wall away from
windows or tall furniture.

2. Always practice drop, cover, and hold on in the safe place. Drop under the
desk or table, take cover with your head, and hold on.

3. Discuss earthquake with your family and/or housemates. Everyone should

know what to do in case the disaster strikes.

4. Prepare an emergency supply kit/GO bag include non-perishable food, water,

first aid kit, clothes, a battery-operated radio, flashlights, and extra batteries.

During an Earthquake
1. Wherever you are, take cover immediately.

2. When you are outdoors, go to an open area away from buildings, trees,
streetlights, and power lines. Stay away from windows, tall furniture, light
fixtures, shattered glass and heavy objects may hurt you.

3. If you are in a vehicle, stay inside the vehicle with your seat belt fastened until
the shaking stops.

4. If you are in a coastal area, move to a higher ground. The earthquake may
trigger tsunamis.
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 5. If you are in a mountainous area or near unstable slopes, be aware of landslide
because soil and rocks may be loosened by the earthquake.

After an Earthquake
1. Check yourself for injuries.
2. Help injured or trapped persons if you can.
3. Be prepared for aftershocks. Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes that follow
the main earthquake and can cause further damage to weakened buildings,
etc.
4. Open cabinet doors cautiously, contents may have been shifted during the
shaking.
5. Listen to the radio or television for more updated information from authorities.
6. Stay out of damaged buildings.

LANDSLIDE

Landslides - is the mass movement of rock, soil, and debris down a

slope due to gravity. It occurs when the driving force is greater than the
resisting force. Landslide materials may include soil, debris, rock and
garbage.
A landslide called landslip occurs when earth materials (rocks, debris, and
soil) move downwards along a slope that caused by earthquakes or heavy rainfall,
and human activities such as deforestation, blasting, and construction.

A. Landslide triggers
• intense rainfall
• natural triggers
• weathering of rocks
• volcanic activity
• man-made triggers
• ground vibrations created during earthquakes

B. Landslide triggering conditions

• steep slopes
• weathering of rocks
• overloading on the slope
• weakening of slope material
C.Modes of failure – movement of landslides that may occur in: fall,
topple, slide, spread, flow
Landslide Hazards
Mud flow occur on very steep slopes along the coastline and capable of destroying
homes, washing out roads and bridges, knocking down trees, obstructing roadways
with thick deposits of mud and rocks.

Earthflow downward flow of fine-grained materials such as clay, fine sand, and silt.

Rockfall rock fragment detached by sliding, toppling or falling from a vertical by

bouncing or rolling debris.
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Practical ways that must be done before, during, and after a Landslide

Before a Landslide
1. Check your surroundings or your house itself if there is something that
need to repair.

2. Know the patterns of storm-water drainage near your home.

3. Know the emergency response and evacuation plans in your area during a
landslide.

4. When you suspect imminent landslide danger, contact the emergency

response team of your community immediately.

During a Landslide
1. Stay alert and awake since more landslide fatalities at night when people
are sleeping.

2. Stay away from the path of any landslide hazard and if you suspect
imminent danger, evacuate it immediately.

3. If caught in a rock fall and escape is not possible, roll into a ball to protect
your head.

After a Landslide
1. Stay away from the landslide area.
2. Listen to local radio for the latest emergency updated information.

3. Check for injured or trapped persons near the landslide area.

4. Replant the damaged ground as soon as possible to avoid landslides in the

future.

VOLCANIC ERUPTION

Volcanic Eruptions – is when lava, tephra (ash, lapilli, volcanic

bombs and volcanic blocks), and assorted gases are expelled from a
volcanic vent or fissure of a volcano.
Types of Hazards due
to Volcanic Eruption Definition
Rivers of incandescent of molten rock
Lava Flow
or lava moving downslope or away from
an eruption vent.
These are hot or cold mixtures of water
Lahar
and volcanic debris that form when
volcanic materials interact with water,
ice, snow, or loose wet sediments

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 These are hot avalanches of rock, ash
Tephra Fall or Ashfall
and gas that travel down volcanic
and Ballistic
slopes at high speeds.
Projectiles
Tephra (fragmented volcanic particles)
or Ash (fragmented volcanic particles
less than 2 mm in diameter) propelled
through the atmosphere in an eruption
plume
Mixtures of fragmented volcanic
Pyroclastic Density
particles (pyroclastic), hot gases and
Currents or PDCs
ash that rush down
the volcanic slopes or rapidly outward
from a source vent at high speeds.
Laterally-directed thrusts of hot gas
Lateral Blast
and ash that can be generated from an
exploding dome on the summit vent or
inside the edifice when sudden
mass failure of the volcanic flanks
occurs
It is formed from a dissolved component
Volcanic Gas
of magma that is released to the
atmosphere in large
quantities during eruptions.

Natural Hazards, Mitigation and Adaptation: Geologic Processes

and Hazards

Did you know that since 1968, PHIVOLCS have recorded 12

destructive earthquakes in the Philippines? This includes the disreputable
July 16,1990 Luzon earthquake which caused immeasurable injuries and
no less than 1,100 deaths. Seismicity, the occurrence or frequency of
earthquakes includes geographic and historical distribution of earthquake
events all over the country except in the Palawan region.

Provinces such as La Union and Pangasinan are susceptible to

earthquakes, especially the deep-focused ones, due to the Manila Trench
while Surigao del Sur and Davao Oriental have earthquake hazards due
to Philippine Trench and nearby active faults. Frequency of shallow and
left-lateral strike-slip earthquakes in Nueva Vizcaya, Nueva Ecija, Eastern
Pangasinan, Benguet and La Union can be attributed to its location along
the Philippine Fault Zone. However, Ifugao, despite having less
earthquake occurrences are at risk because of its very high vulnerability
to disasters. What parts of the Philippine geographical map are prone to
earthquakes?

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 1. Surigao Del Sur
2. La Union
3. Benguet
4. Pangasinan
5. Pampanga
6. Tarlac
7. Ifugao
8. Davao Oriental
9. Nueva Vizcaya
10. Nueva Ecija

http://vm.observatory.ph/geophys_maps.html

A volcanic eruption can be described to a similar process that

happens when you unscrew the lid of a soft-drink bottle, only much more
violently! The pressurized drink represents the gas-rich magma with carbon
dioxide dissolved in the liquid. Opening the lid (possibly after shaking)
releases the pressure and the bubbles immediately expand and may push
up through the neck of the bottle. The release of this great pressure causes
volcanic explosions, such as the major catastrophic eruption of Krakatau
in 1883
Are you familiar with the “Ring of Fire”? What is it? The Philippines
lies within the “Ring of Fire”, a region of subduction zone volcanism
surrounding the Pacific Ocean, this explains the distribution of most
volcanoes in our country. Indeed, volcanoes are classified as active,
inactive and potentially active. Twenty- two (22) historically active
volcanoes are distributed all over the archipelago. One of the most violent
eruptions in the last two decades is Mt. Pinatubo observed to be inactive
for several years. Another volcanic eruption that happened last January
2020 is Mt. Taal which severely damaged the province of Batangas and
nearby places. Volcanoes which are not present in some provinces have no
risk to volcanic eruptions.
From the geographical map, Camiguin has the highest risk because
the land area is so small such that a volcanic eruption can affect the
whole province. Sulu ranked second because it has numerous active and
potentially active volcanoes. Hence, the top ten provinces at risk for deadly
volcanic eruptions are can affect the whole province. Sulu ranked second
because it has numerous active and potentially active volcanoes. Hence,
the top ten provinces at risk for deadly volcanic eruptions are:

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 1. Camiguin
2. Sulu
3. Biliran
4. Albay
5. Bataan
6. Sorsogon
7. South Cotabato
8. Laguna
9. Camarines Sur
10. Batanes

http://vm.observatory.ph/geophys_maps.html

What is known to be the deadliest landslides that happened in the

Philippines? On February 17, 2006, a massive rock slide-debris
avalanche occurred in the province of Southern Leyte, causing
widespread damage and loss of life. The deadly landslide (or debris flow)
followed a 10-day period of heavy rain and a minor earthquake
(magnitude 2.6 on the Richter scale). There are other provinces like
Ifugao, Lanao del Sur and Saranggani ranked high because of their
high vulnerability to disasters while Rizal ranked the lowest. Benguet,
despite its low vulnerability, ranked four because of its high exposure
factor or population density. Aurora ranked higher than Davao del Sur
and Davao Oriental despite its low vulnerability compared with the
other two provinces. This is due to the fact that the whole of Aurora is
more susceptible to landslide than the other two provinces. Most of the
provinces, except Palawan, are susceptible to landslide hazards. From
the map below, the top ten provinces that are at risk to earthquake-
induced shallow landslides are as follows:

1. Ifugao
2. Lanao Del Sur
3. Saranggani
4. Benguet
5. Mountain Province
6. Bukidnon
7. Aurora
8. Davao Del Sur
9. Davao Oriental
10. Rizal

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Human Activities and Landslides

Natural hazards are naturally

occurring physical phenomena
caused either by rapid or slow
onset events which can be
geophysical (earthquakes,
landslides, tsunamis and
volcanic activity), hydrological
(avalanches and floods),
climatological (extreme
temperatures, drought and
wildfires), meteorological
(cyclones and storms/wave
surges) or biological (disease
epidemics and insect/animal
plagues). Technological or
man-made hazards(complex This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

emergencies/conflicts, famine,
displaced populations,
industrial accidents and
transport accidents) are events
that are caused by humans and
occur in or close to human
settlements. This can include
environmental degradation,
pollution and accidents.

Biological Hazard

Examples of biological hazards include outbreaks of epidemic

diseases, plant or animal contagion, insect or other animal plagues and
infestations.

Geological Hazard

Geological hazards include internal earth processes, such as

earthquakes, volcanic activity and emissions, and related geophysical
processes such as mass movements, landslides, rockslides, surface
collapses, and debris or mudflows.

Hydrometeorological factors are important contributors to some of

these processes. Tsunamis are difficult to categorize; although they are
triggered by undersea earthquakes and other geological events, they are
essentially an oceanic process that is manifested as a coastal water-
related hazard.

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Hydrometeorological Hazard

Hydrometeorological hazards include tropical cyclones (also known as

typhoons and hurricanes), thunderstorms, hailstorms, tornados, blizzards,
heavy snowfall, avalanches, coastal storm surges, floods including flash
floods, drought, heatwaves and cold spells.

Human Activities that Trigger Landslides

a. Clearcutting method done by logging companies to cut down every marketable
tree from a selected area to harvest timber.
b. Slash-and-burn or kaingin system is a method that cuts down and burns off
the existing vegetation.

c. Mining and quarrying operations use explosives in their blasting techniques

to break rocks and gather ore deposits.
d. Construction activities such as building of roads and railways may interfere
or change the natural drainage of water.

Ways to Lessen the Occurrence of Landslides

a. Instead of clearcutting, selective cutting can be adopted by logging
companies to allow old trees to remain. Cut only mature trees to encourage
the growth of the remaining tress in the forest.

b. Do alley-cropping instead of using slash-and-burn or kaingin.

c. Plant more trees with strong root structures that hold the soil together or putol
mo palitan mo system.
d. Mining companies must strictly follow government mining rules and incase of
disobedience, a temporary or permanent suspension must implement.

e. Before construction of buildings/ house be sure that geologist and engineers

evaluate the area.

f. Construct proper drainage away from the slope to control water accumulation
and to avoid slope instability

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 Explore

Enrichment Activity 1: Where I’m Gonna Go When Taal Volcano Blow

Just recently Taal volcano erupted and caused damage to life and properties.
Refer to the geo map above and answers the questions that follow:
1. What areas near Taal volcano are under permanent danger zone?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. What areas are under 7km radius danger zone? 10km radius danger
zone? 15km radius danger zone?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Why do we need to know the areas or “danger zones” during volcanic
eruption?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4. If you are living in a “danger zone” and Mt. Taal is showing a sign of a
strong blow, what will you do right away in order to save your family
and your property? Where will you go and your family?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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 5. Why do LGUs impose alert levels during volcanic eruption? What are
those level alerts?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Enrichment Activity 2: Watch out debris are falling on you!

Direction: What can be done to minimize landslide risks? Let’s

interpret the following figures and answer the guide questions below.

Guide Questions:
1. What does picture A would like to suggest about the use of
landslide mapping?
_______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Why do people put signage(s) or warning signs in a dangerous
area?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. How does the use of gabion walls or thick-structured walls
prevent landslides?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. Thick vegetation or soil erosion control minimize landslides.
Explain.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

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 Deepen

Activity #1: Earthquake Drill Simulation

Make a video presentation with your family members what to do before, during
and after earthquake.

Activity #2: PLAN, PLAN PLAN

Make a family disaster plan and safety checklist you will use in case of
emergency such as earthquake, volcanic eruptions and landslide

Activity #3:BE AN ARTIST

Make a brochure or a poster with illustrations that will help you to

disseminate information to your communities about the potential earthquake
hazards and safety rules.

Gauge

Direction: Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. The following are potential hazards caused by an earthquake, except

for one?
A. Lahars B. Tsunami
C. Liquefaction D. Ground shaking

2. When a volcano erupts, it can spew which of the following?

A. Gas B. Lava
C. R ock & ash D. All of the above

3. Choose from the following list of the processes that might

produce a tsunami.
A. Earthquakes B. Landslides
C. Volcanic eruptions D. Meteorite impacts

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4. Identify the geologic event that can occur at a transform
boundary.
A. Tsunami B. Landslides
C. Earthquake D. Volcanic eruption

5. What force is responsible for erosion and deposition in landslides?

A. Ice
B. Wind
C. G r a v i t y D. Temperature

6. It indicates the extent of expected risk areas and can be combined with
disaster management information such as evacuation sites, evacuation
routes forth.
A. World map B. Hazard map
C. Concept map D. Philippine map

7. Which of the geologic processes can be prevented or even predicted

with the application of genetic and engineering and technology?
A. Earthquakes B. Landslides
C. Volcanic eruptions D. All of the above

8. Rocks tumbling down a steep slope would be an example of

A. Creep B. Topple C. Mudslide D. Landslide

9. The following are potential hazards caused by an earthquake, except

for one?
A. Lahars B. Tsunami
C. Liquefaction D. Ground shaking

10. Volcanic activity on the cooling crust of the planer may release large
amounts of substances like ____.
A. Water vapor (steam) B. Hydrogen sulfide gas
C. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen D. A, B, and C

11. How can humans prevent landslides?

A. Through deforestation B. By diverting pathways
C. Proper Waste Management D. All of the above.

12. What human activities will result in landslide?

A. Mining B. Quarrying
C. Construction D. All of the above

13. Why is it beneficial to be able to predict when and where natural hazards
will occur?
A. Communities can be notified to evacuate.
B. So that we can stop them from happening again.
C. So that we can harness their power for renewable energy
D. So that scientists know where to go in order to study them.

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14. Heavy rain is a condition that can cause landslide?
A. Never B. Always
C. Sometimes D. Most of the time

15. What will you look for to assess for landslide?

A. Location B. Blocking
C. Size of debris D. All of the above

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LU_Earth and Life Science_Module7
21
PRE-TEST
1. A 6. B 11. A
2. C 7. A 12. B
3. A 8. D 13. D
4. A 9. A 14. D
5. C 10. B 15. C
JUMPSTART
Activity 1
Answer may vary
EXPLORE
Enrichment Activity 1:
1. San Nicolas 5. To warn people in the areas. Alert levels
2. 5km 1, 2,3, 4
Agoncillo, Sta. Teresita, Mataasnakahoy
10km
Balete, Tanauan, Malvar, Talisay,
Tagaytay City, Laurel, Lemery, Cuenca
15km
Alitagtag, San Jose
3. To be evacuated immediately to
evacuation areas (answer may vary)
4. Get the prepared GO BAG and go to the
evacuation areas immediately.
Enrichment Activity 2:
1. Answer may vary
2. To warn people in dangerous areas (answer may vary)
3. Answer may vary
4. Answer may vary
GAUGE
1. C 6. B 11. C
2. D 7. A 12. D
3. A 8. B 13. A
4. D 9. A 14. C
5. C 10. D 15. D
Answer Key
References

Printed Materials:
Valdoz, Meliza P. et al. (2017). Science Links 10. Manila, Philippines: Rex
Bookstore, Inc.

Aurelio, Mario A. et.al (2016). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction.

Commission on Higher Education.

De Guzman-Suarez. (2017). Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction.

Bayo-ang, R., Coronacion, M., Jorda, A., & Restubog, A. (2016). Earth and
Life Science for Senior High School.(M. Moncada, Ed.) Quezon City,
Philippines: Educational Resources Corporation.

Creative Commons. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://commons.wikimedia.org/

Department of Science and Technology:Philippine Institute of Volcanology

and Seismology. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/index.php/earthquake/earthqu
ake-hazards

DOST-PHIVOLCS. (n.d.). Department of Science and Technology:Philippine

Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. Retrieved from
https://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph/vault/pdf/Publication_Earthqu
ake%20Preparedness/Flyer-How- Safe-Is-Your-House.pdf

Website:
Warlito Zamora Canoy. (2016, September 12). Geological Hazards. Retrived
July 24,2020. https://www.facebook.com/notes/earth-and-life-
science/31-geological-hazards/1814976262072355/
Earthquake Hazards/Earthquake/Science
Topics.https://www.gns.cri.nz/Home/Learning/Science-
Topics/Earthquakes/Earthquake-Hazards
Earthquakes and Landslides.https://www.ready.pa.gov/BeInformed/Know-
The-Threats/Pages/Earthquakes-and-Landslides.aspx
Natural Hazards, Mitigation and Adaptation
https://www.scribd.com/document/423340683/CHAPTER-3-
NATURAL-HAZARDS-MITIGATION-AND-ADAPTATION-docx

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LU_Earth and Life Science_Module7
 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SDO La Union

Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management Section
Flores St. Catbangen, San Fernando City La Union 2500
Telephone: (072) 607 - 8127
Telefax: (072) 205 - 0046
Email Address:
[email protected]
[email protected]

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LU_Earth and Life Science_Module7