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IJARSCT
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2023

Impact Factor: 7.301

FEA Analysis of Rectangular Pressure Vessel

Boxes
Mr. Sharadchandra V Kantute1 and Mr. Prashant R Wankhede2
Lecturer, Department of Mechanical Engineering1,2
Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Technology Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Abstract: Extensive experimental & theoretical contributions have been made to the study of open box
structures, but few references dealing with closed boxes have been found. When a rectangular box structure
is subjected to certain pressure, stress analysis of rectangular box is necessary to avoid the failure during
working condition. In this work, it is proposed to evaluate the stresses in rectangular box by changing L/B
ratios 1, 1.5, 2 for different thicknes of 2.5, 5, 7.5 mm & varying fillet radius, using finite element method.
To validate finite element stresses, it is necessary to compare these stresses with analytical approach. From
the FE analysis of rectangular box, it is seen that cubical box having the lesser stresses & better for stress
distribution due to symmetry. The stiffners further reduces the stresses in boxes.

Keywords: FEA Analysis

I. INTRODUCTION
The knowledge of stresses & strains in box- shaped structures subjected to different types of loads are of considerable
interest to engineers. The important application can be found in the use of this kind of structure in under water
engineering & pressure vessel.
Because of the complicated deformation, the research for a rectangular box relies mainly on finite element method &
experiments. A pressure vessel is closed container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure substantially different
from the gauge pressure. The pressure vessels are designed with great care because rupture of pressure vessels means
an explosion which may cause loss of life & property. Any pressure vessel in-service poses extreme potential danger
due to the high pressure & varying operating temperature, hence there should be no complacency about the risks.
Comparisons of the rectangular vessels with the equivalent size cylindrical vessels indicate that the former are rather
inefficient. Cylindrical vessels will sustain considerably higher pressures, for the same wall thickness & size. However,
practical consideration will often force the designer to select a rectangular shape as shown in Fig.1 as the best available
option.

Fig.1: Cross section of rectangular box having uniform thickness & varying fillet radius
The present analysis uses two different approaches, finite element methodology & analytical method. Analytical stress
calculations are carried out using ASME section 8, Appendix 13 [6]. For the analysis of rectangualr box at different
location i.e., D, A, C, B & at Corner for rectangular box.
Due to symmetry about axis A-A & C-C it will be convenient to analyze one quadrant & this quadrant is in equilibrium
under the action of loads & moments as shown in Fig.1. Membrane & bending stress are evaluated to determine the
value ofminimum stresses occurred at these particular locations & analysing its behaviour under the different cases.
For the Analysis of Rectangular Boxes following cases are considered,
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Case 1: Length 100 mm & Breadth 100 mm i.e., L/B =1 for thickness 2.5, 5, 7.5 mm respectively with varying fillet
radius.
Case 2: Length 150 mm & Breadth 100 mm i.e., L/B = 1.5 for thickness 2.5, 5, 7.5 respectively with varying fillet
radius
Case 3: Length 200 mm & Breadth 100 mm i.e., L/B = 2 for thickness 2.5, 5, 7.5 mm respectively with varying fillet
radius.
Equations are considered from ASME section viii, Appendix 13, which is used to determine minimum wall thickness &
design pressure. ASME section viii is the construction code for the pressure vessel. [7]
Total stresses are Maximum at the surfaces where tensile stresses due to the bending momentoccur
Modulus of Elasticity, Poissons Ratio & Internal Pressure are 200 x 103 Mpa, = 0.3, P=1 Mpa respectively.
The Analytical stress calculations for rectangular boxare performed using following relations.

MEMBRANE STRESS
Short - side plates
(Sm)C = (Sm)D = P (R+L2) / t1
Long side plat
(Sm)A = (Sm)B = P (L1+R) / t1
Corner sections

(Sm)B-C = P/t1 ( + R)

BENDING STRESS
Short side plates
(Sb)C = + c /2I1 x [2MA+ P (2RL2-2RL1+L2²)] (Sb)D = + c /2I1 [2MA + P (L2² +2RL2 -2RL1 - L1²)]
Long side plates(Sb)A = MAc / I1
(Sb)B = +c /2I1 (2MA+PL2²)
Corner sections (Sb)B-C = MrC /I1
Total stress = Membrane stress + Bending stress

II. MODELLING & STRESS ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR

BOXES BY FE APPROACH
The stresses in rectangular box under internal pressure for different thickness & varying fillet radius & stresses induced
at various locations are evaluated & presented as follows.
STRESS ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULARBOX FOR L/B =1
i.e., (For Length -100 mm & Breadth -100 mm)
For ratio 1, it is seen that, for fillet radius 0 to 47.5 mm max Von-mises stresses found only at corner.

CASE 1: RECTANGULAR BOX OF 2.5 MM THICKNESS & VARYING FILLET RADIUS FOR L/B =1
In this case, 2.5 mm thickness & varying fillet radius is considered. The finite element analysis of rectangular box with
fillet radius as per loading & boundary conditions revealed the stress distribution in the form of stress contour. The
representative Von-mises stress contours are shown in Fig.2 & Stresses are shown in table 1, graph shown in Fig.3.

Fig.2: Von-mises stress contour of box 2.5 mmthickness & 10 mm fillet radius
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Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2023

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Table 1: Max Von-mises stresses in rectangular box having 2.5 mm thickness at Corner with varying fillet radius for
L/B=1
Fillet Radius FE AnalyticalApproach %
In mm ApproachIn Mpa In Mpa Error

0 784 748.870 4.59

2 883.88 702.3 20.54
4 749.63 657.06 12.34
6 673.61 613.144 8.976
10 567.33 529.368 6.691
12 520.65 489.515 5.979
18 396.53 378.167 4.630
24 291.47 279.401 4.140
28 229.55 220.616 3.891
35 136.95 131.755 3.792
40 82.648 79.4695 3.845
47.5 20.021 19 5.099
900
750 FEM
Von-mises Stresses (N/mm²)

TH
600

450

300
150
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 40 47.5

Fillet radius (mm)

Fig.3: Comparative graphical results for FEM & ANALYTICAL at corner

CASE 2: RECTANGULAR BOX OF 5 MM THICKNESS & VARYING RADIUS FORL/B =1

In this case, 5 mm thickness & varying fillet radius is considered. The finite element analysis of rectangular box with
fillet radius as per loading & boundary conditions revealed the stress distribution in the form of stress contour. The
representative Von-mises stress contours are shown in Fig.4 & Stresses are shown in Table 2, graph shown in Fig.5.

Fig.4: Von-mises stress contour of box 5 mmthickness & 10 mm fillet radius

Table 2: Max Von-mises stresses in rectangular box having 5 mm thickness at Corner with varying fillet radius for
L/B=1
Fillet FE Analytical %
RadiusIn mm ApproachIn Mpa ApproachIn Mpa Error
0 208.79 174.73 16.66
2 233.79 163.62 30.01
4 202.78 152.85 24.62

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Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2023

Impact Factor: 7.301

6 176.38 142.40 19.26

10 142.61 122.52 14.08
12 128.96 113.10 12.29
18 96.434 86.873 9.91
24 70.055 63.803 8.92
28 54.817 50.205 8.41
35 32.639 29.927 8.30
40 20.01 18.252 8.78
45 10.053 9 10.47

250
FEM
Von-mises Stresses (N/mm²)

200
TH
150

100

50

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 35 40 45
Fillet radius (mm)

Fig.5: Comparative graphical results for FEM &ANALYTICAL at corner

CASE 3: RECTANGULAR BOX OF 7.5 MM THICKNESS & VARYING FILLET RADIUS FOR L/B =1
In this case, 7.5 mm thickness & varying fillet radius is considered. The finite element analysis of rectangular box with
fillet radius as per loading & boundary conditions revealed the stress distribution in the form of stress contour. The
representative Von-mises stress contours are shown in Fig.6 & Stresses are shown in Table 3, graph shown in Fig.7

Fig.6: Von-mises stress contour of box 7.5 mmthickness &10 mm fillet radius
Table 3: Max Von-mises stresses in rectangular box having 7.5 mm thickness at Corner with varying filletradius for
L/B=1
Fillet Radius FE AnalyticalApproach %
In mm ApproachIn Mpa In Mpa Error

0 95.203 72.233 24.15

2 122.91 67.51 45.06
4 95.117 62.964 33.80
6 80.578 58.561 27.32
10 62.661 50.212 19.86
12 56.678 46.249 18.39

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Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2023

Impact Factor: 7.301

18 41.646 35.316 15.19

24 29.921 25.784 13.82
28 23.408 20.249 13.49
35 14.034 12.082 13.90
40 8.853 7.522 15.02
42.5 6.74 5.66 16.02

125
Von-mises Stresses (N/mm²)

FEM
100
TH
75

50

25

0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 40
Fillet radius (mm)

Fig.7: Comparative graphical results for FEM &ANALYTICAL at corner

STRESS ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR BOX FOR L/B =1.5

i.e., (For Length -150 mm & Breadth -100 mm)
For ratio 1.5 it is seen that, for fillet radius 0 to 4 mm, Max Von-mises stresses found at corner but as fillet radius goes
on increasing, Max Von-mises stresses shift to location A, it may be due to maximum bending moment acting along
the long sideof rectangle.

CASE 1: RECTANGULAR BOX OF 2.5 MM THICKNESS & VARYING FILLET RADIUS FOR L/B =1.5
In this case, 2.5 mm thickness & varying fillet radius is considered. The finite element analysis of rectangular box with
fillet radius as per loading & boundary conditions revealed the stress distribution in the form of stress contour. The
representative Von-mises stress contours are shown in Fig.8 & Stresses are shown in Table 4, graph shown in Fig.9.

Fig.8: Von-mises stress contour of box 2.5 mmthickness & 10 mm fillet radius
Table 4: Max Von-mises stresses in rectangular box having 2.5 mmithickness at location A with varying fillet radius for
L/B=1.5
Fillet Radius In FE Analytical Approach In
ApproachIn Mpa %
mm Mpa
Error
0 1278.6 1240 3.01
2 1257 1230.34 2.12
4 1249.7 1220.34 2.37
6 1236.9 1208.9 2.25
10 1209.2 1184.84 2.01
12 1195.5 1171.71 1.98
18 1150.1 1128.01 1.92
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Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2023

Impact Factor: 7.301

24 1094 1077 1.49

28 1061.8 1040.34 2.02
35 987.75 967.47 2.05
40 928.14 909.38 2.02
1300
Von-mises Stresses (N/mm²) FEM
1200
TH
1100

1000

900

800
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 40 47.5
Fillet radius (mm)
Fig.9: Comparative graphical results for FEM &ANALYTICAL at location A

CASE 2: RECTANGULAR BOX OF 5 MM THICKNESS & VARYING FILLET RADIUS FOR L/B=1.5
In this case, 5 mm thickness & varying fillet radius is considered. The finite element analysis of rectangular box with
fillet radius as per loading & boundary conditions revealed the stress distribution in the form of stress contour. The
representative Von-mises stress contours are shown in Fig.10 & Stresses are shown in Table 5, graph shown in Fig.11

Fig.10: Von-mises stress contour of box 5 mmthickness & 10 mm fillet radius

Table 5: Max Von-mises stresses in rectangular box having 5 mmithickness at location A with varying fillet radius for
L/B = 1.5
Fillet Radius In FE Analytical %
mm ApproachIn Mpa Approach In Mpa Error
0 310.83 295 4.83
2 308.3 292.6 5.07
4 305.64 290.15 5.06
6 302.62 287.46 5.00
10 296.02 281.57 4.87
12 292.54 278.36 4.84
18 280.89 267.64 4.71
24 267.59 255.26 4.60
28 257.78 246.05 4.54
35 238.69 228.03 4.46
40 223.51 213.63 4.41

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2023

Impact Factor: 7.301
330

305
FEM

Von-mises Stresses (N/mm²)

280
TH
255

230

205

180

0 2 4 6 8 101214161820222426283032354045
Fillet radius (mm)
Fig.11: Comparative graphical results for FEM &ANALYTICAL at location A

CASE 3: RECTANGULAR BOX OF 7.5MM THICKNESS & VARYING FILLET RADIUS FOR L/B =1.5
In this case, 7.5 mm thickness & varying fillet radius is considered. The finite element analysis of rectangular box with
fillet radius as per loading & boundary conditions revealed the stress distribution in the form of stress contour. The
representative Von-mises stress contours are shown in Fig.12 & Stresses are shown in Table 6, graph shown in Fig.13.

Fig.12: Von-mises stress contour of box 7.5 mmthickness & 10 mm fillet radius
Table 6: Max Von-mises stresses in rectangular box having 7.5 mmithickness at location A with varying fillet radius for
L/B = 1.5
Fillet FE Analytical
Approach %
Radius Approach
In Mpa Error
In mm In Mpa
0 134.72 124.44 7.62
2 133.66 123.43 7.64
4 132.31 122.35 7.52
6 130.93 121.193 7.43
10 127.91 118.63 7.24
12 126.31 117.24 7.17
18 121.02 112.56 6.98
24 114.95 107.14 6.78
28 110.52 10310 6.70
35 101.85 95.183 6.54
40 95.051 88.83 6.53

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Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2023

Impact Factor: 7.301

140
FEM
130
TH
120
110
100
90
80
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 40
Fillet radius (mm)

Fig.13: Comparative graphical results for FEM &ANALYTICAL at location A

STRESS ANALYSIS OFRECTANGULAR BOX FOR L/B =2

i.e. (For Length-200 mm & Breadth -100 mm)
For ratio 2, it is seen that, for fillet radius 0 to 4 mm, Max Von-mises stresses found at corner butas fillet radius goes on
increasing, Max Von-mises stresses shift to location A.

CASE 1: RECTANGULAR BOX OF 2.5MM THICKNESS & VARYING FILLET RADIUS FOR L/B =2
In this case, 2.5 mm thickness & varying fillet radius is considered. The finite element analysis of rectangular box with
fillet radius as per loading & boundary conditions revealed the stress distribution in the form of stress contour. The
representative Von-mises stress contours are shown in Fig.14 & Stresses are shown in Table 7, graph shown in Fig.15

Fig.14: Von-mises stress contour of box 2.5 mmthickness & 10 mm fillet radius
Table 7: Max Von-mises stresses in rectangular box having 2.5 mm thickness at location A with varying fillet radius for
L/B = 2
Fillet Radius FE Analytical Approach %
In mm ApproachIn Mpa In Mpa Error

0 2362 2300 2.66

2 2332.3 2286.13 1.97
4 2316.7 2271.56 1.94
6 2299.5 2256.28 1.87
10 2266.1 2223.54 1.87
12 2248 2206.08 1.86
18 2189.2 2149.2 1.82
24 2119.5 2085.59 1.59
28 2071.2 2039.29 1.54
35 1986.9 1950.61 1.82
40 1914.2 1881.16 1.72

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2450
FEM
2300
TH

2150
2000

1850

1700

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 40 47.5
Fillet radius (mm)

Fig.15: Comparative graphical results for FEM &ANALYTICAL at location A

CASE 2: RECTANGULAR BOX OF 5 MM THICKNESS & VARYING FILLET RADIUS FOR L/B =2
In this case, 5 mm thickness & varying fillet radius is considered. The finite element analysis of rectangular box with
fillet radius as per loading & boundary conditions revealed the stress distribution in the form of stress contour. The
representative Von-mises stress contours are shown in Fig.16 & Stresses are shown in Table 8, graph shown in Fig.17

Fig.16: Von-mises stress contour of box 5 mmthickness & 10 mm fillet radius

Table 8: Max Von-mises stresses in rectangular box having 5 mm thickness at location A with varying fillet radius for
L/B = 2
Fillet Radius FE AnalyticalApproach %
In mm ApproachIn Mpa In Mpa Error
0 574.55 550 4.27
2 571 546.58 4.27
4 567.38 542.99 4.29
6 563.11 539.22 4.24
10 554.42 531.14 4.19
12 549.6 526.82 4.14
14 545.05 522.32 4.16
18 534.88 512.75 4.13
24 518.19 496.97 4.09
28 506.15 485.47 4.08
35 483.09 463.41 4.07
40 465.06 446.11 4.07

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International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT)

Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2023

Impact Factor: 7.301

600
FEM

Von-mises Stresses (N/mm²)

560
TH
520

480
440

400
0 2 4 6 8 101214161820222426283032354045
Fillet radius (mm)

Fig.17: Comparative graphical results for FEM &ANALYTICAL at location A

CASE 3: RECTANGULAR BOX OF 7.5 MM THICKNESS & VARYING FILLET RADIUSFOR L/B = 2
In this case, 7.5 mm thickness & varying fillet radius is considered. The finite element analysis of rectangular box with
fillet radius as per loading & boundary conditions revealed the stress distribution in the form of stress contour. The
representative Von-mises stress contours are shown in Fig.18 & Stresses are shown in Table 9, graph shown in Fig 19
Table 9: Max Von-mises stresses in rectangular box having 7.5 mm thickness at location A with varying fillet radius for
L/B = 2

Fig.18: Von-mises stress contour of box 7.5 mmthickness & 10 mm fillet radius
Fillet FE ApproachIn Mpa Analytical %
RadiusIn mm Approach InMpa Error

0 249.5 233.333 6.479

2 247.97 231.839 6.504
4 246.07 230.266 6.422
6 244.22 228.613 6.390
10 240.21 225.063 6.305
12 238.09 223.165 6.268
14 235.91 221.184 6.242
18 231.3 216.969 6.195
24 223.68 210.005 6.113
28 218.28 204.924 6.118
35 207.83 195.165 6.093
40 199.76 187.49 6.13

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Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2023

Impact Factor: 7.301

270
FEM

Von-mises Stresses (N/mm²)

250
TH
230
210

190

170
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 40
Fillet radius (mm)
Fig.19: Comparative graphical results for FEM &ANALYTICAL at location A

III. STRESS ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR BOX WITH INTERMEDIATE STIFFENER FOR L/B = 1
Stiffeners are the secondary plate or section which are attached to the beam webs or flanges to stiffen them against out
of plane deformation. A steel angle or plate attached to a slender beam to prevent its buckling by increasing its
stiffness. Stiffness is the rigidity of an object the extent to which resists deformation in response to an applied force.The
function of stiffener are for controlling local buckling, connecting bracing or transverse beam & stiffener provides
strength to the structure.
In this analysis two different cases are considered for L/B ratio 1 & thickess 5 mm with varying fillet radius & effects
of Intermediate & diagonal stiffener in boxes are studied which is shown in Fig.20 & Fig.22 resptively .

Fig.20: Intermediate Stiffener

3.1 Rectangular Box with Intermediate Stiffener of 5 Mm Thickness & Varying Fillet Radius For L/B =1
Boundary conditions revealed the stress distribution in the form of stress contour. The representative Von Mises stress
contours are shown in Fig.21 & Stresses are shown in Table 10.

57 | P a

Fig.21: Von-mises stress contour of box 5 mmthickness & 10 mm fillet radius

Table 10: Max Von-mises stresses in rectangular box for Intermediate stiffener having 5 mm thickness at locations D,
A, C, B & at Corner with varying fillet radius for L/B =1
Radius in mm Stresses at D Stresses at A (Mpa) Stresses at pt C Stresses at ptB Stresses at Corner
(Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
0 24.67 24.8 21.2 21.3 48.74
4 22.63 22.7 29.00 30.4 48.02
6 21.39 21.4 21.50 21.0 40.20
10 18.60 18.30 11.12 11.3 30.76

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12 17.08 16.8 7.67 8.20 27.81

14 15.49 15.3 7.12 7.04 24.43
18 12.20 12.2 10.1 10.1 19.32
24 9.388 7.13 11.8 11.8 13.20
28 8.546 8.57 11.0 11.0 10.50
35 7.819 7.69 7.12 7.35 6.88
40 8.456 8.45 12.8 12.80 5.190
42.5 9.641 9.63 12.00 13.0 11.40

IV. STRESS ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR BOX WITH DIAGONAL STIFFENER FOR L/B= 1
The stresses in rectangular box under internal pressure with diagonal stiffener as shown in Fig.22 are studied for
thickness 5 mm & varyingfillet radius & stresses induced at various locationsare evaluated.

Fig.22: Diagonal Stiffener

4.1 Rectangular Box with DiagonalStiffener Of 5 Mm Thickness & Varying Fillet Radius for L/B =1
In this case, 5 mm thickness & varying fillet radius is considered. The finite element analysis of rectangular box with
fillet radius as per loading & boundary conditions revealed the stress distribution in the form of stress contour. The
representative Von Mises stress contours are shown in Fig.23 & Stresses are shown in Table 11.

Fig.23: Von-mises stress contour of box 5 mmthickness & 10 mm fillet radius

Radius (m Stresses at pt D Stres ses at pt A Stresses at Corner Stresses at Corner Stresses at pt C Stresses at pt B
m) (Mpa) (Mpa) - 1 (Mpa) -2(Mpa) (Mpa) (Mpa)
0 82.66 82.60 123. 34 124.4 162.92 163.73

4 82.94 82.20 132.14 126.13 161.94 161.55

6 84.84 84.88 129.19 132.19 191.34 192.62

10 82.67 82.59 113.45 113.1 152.26 161.54

12 80.65 80.64 102.1 100.22 141.86 146.98

14 78.31 78.23 89.422 90.21 131.33 133.14

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18 71.93 71.80 69.43 68.711 102.34 101.02

24 59.21 59.16 43.721 44.99 65.471 64.38

28 49.89 49.53 33.22 31.374 46.894 46.52

35 33.88 33.88 20.14 20.37 28.596 29.62

40 23.15 23.17 17.02 16.59 23.41 23.82

45 12.65 12.63 14.98 14.67 20.55 20.80

V. CONCLUSION
As the L/B ratio is increased i.e., 1, 1.5, 2 for thickness i.e., 2.5, 5, 7.5 mm with varying fillet radius, it is observed that
as the L/B ratio increases the maximum Von-mises stresses also increases but if the L/B ratio is kept constant with
increasing thickness i.e, 2.5, 5, 7.5 mm & varying fillet radius the Max Von-mises stresses reduces.
For L/B ratio 1 & thickness 2.5, 5, 7.5 mm maximum stresses are observed at corner & for ratio 1.5, 2, it is seen that for
fillet radius 0 to 4 mm, Max Von-mises stresses found at corner but as fillet radius goes on increasing, Max Von- mises
stresses shift to location A, it may be due to maximum bending moment acting along the long side of rectangle.
For L/B ratio 1 & thicknesses 2.5, 5, 7.5 mm & fillet radius 47.5, 45, 42.5 mm respectively, it is observed from
analytical calculation that, stresses are present only at the Corner but at the location D, A, C, B bending stress vanishes
& only membrane stresses exists.
From FE analysis of rectangular box with intermediate & diagonal stiffener, it is observed that, the stresses in the box
with stiffener are of lesser magnitude as compared to stresses in box without stiffener.
It is seen that cubic box has minimum Von mises stresses as compared to the rectangular box. Thus it is concluded that
cubical boxes are better than rectangular boxes w.r.t the stress levels.
The Stiffeners are recommended for boxes for lesser magnitudes of stresses in boxes. But it is seen that Intermediate
stiffener are better than Diagonal stiffener.

REFERENCES
[1]. Durellia J Pavlin, Buhler-Vidal “Elastostatics of a Cubic Boxes Subjected to pressure”
[2]. H.D Conway, “Stresses in a pressurized box”, Journal of the structural division proceedings of the A.S.C.E.
[3]. Durellia J Pavlin, Buhler-Vidal, “Elastostatics of Cubic Boxes Subjected to Concentrated Loads” O.N.R.
reports no 37, School of Architecture Strain, vol 13, No1, jan.1977, p7.
[4]. Mohamad A Rezvani, Hassan H Ziada, “Structural Design analysis & code evaluation of an odd-shaped
pressure vessel”
[5]. Mohamad A Rezvani, Hassan H Ziada, “Stress Analysis & Evaluation of a Rectangular Pressure Vessel”
[6]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section Viii. Appendix 13,
Division 1, ASME Publications, New York.
[7]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section Viii. Appendix 13,
Division 2, ASME Publications, New York.

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