CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. GLOBAL WARMING

3. CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING

4. GLOBAL WARMING : THE EFFECTS

5. GREEN HOUSE EFFECTS

6. GREEN HOUSE GASES : A HAZARD

7. IMPACTS OF GREEN HOUSE GASES

8. SOLUTIONS

9. CONCLUSION

10. REFERENCES

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INTRODUCTION:-
The steady rise in global temperature is truly depressing. Its main
reason is global warming. Global warming starts when sunlight
reaches the earth. Clouds, atmospheric particles, reflective land
surfaces, and ocean surfaces transmit about 30% of sunlight into
space, with oceans, air, and land accounting for the rest. As a result,
it warms the planet and atmosphere, making life possible. When hot,
this solar energy is emitted as thermal radiation and infrared rays
and directly into space, thus cooling the Earth. However, some of the
emitted radiation is reabsorbed by atmospheric carbon dioxide,
water vapor, ozone, methane, and other gases and distributed to
Earth. This gas is often called a greenhouse gas because of its ability
to retain heat. It should be noted that this process of reabsorption is
very good because without greenhouse gases, Earth's average
temperature would be much colder. The confusion began when the
concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere was artificially
increased by mankind over the past two centuries. Since 2004, more
than 8 billion tons of carbon dioxide have been absorbed by thermal
radiation, causing a phenomenon known as the human-enhanced
global warming effect as greenhouse gas levels rise. Recent
observations of global warming have confirmed the theory that it is
the human greenhouse effect that is warming the planet. Its
inhabitants have experienced the greatest rise in surface

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temperatures in the last 100 years. Between 1906 and 2006, the
Earth's average temperature increased by 0.6 to 0.9 degrees Celsius
per year. Millions of pounds of methane gas are produced in landfills
and in the spread of biomass agricultural and animal manure.
Nitrogen oxides are released into the atmosphere by nitrogen-based
fertilizers such as urea and di-ammonium phosphate and other land
management practices. Once released, these greenhouse gases
remain in the atmosphere for decades or more. Carbon dioxide and
methane levels have increased by 35% and 148% since the Industrial
Revolution in 1750, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC).

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GLOBAL WARMING:-
Global warming is the phenomenon of an increase in the average
temperature of the earth's surface over the past century or two. Due
to global warming on Earth, oceans and atmosphere shock. Average
temperatures today are 1 °C (1.8 °F) higher than before humans
began burning coal around 1750. Most climate scientists predict 2°C
(3.6°F) to 4°C by 2100. (7.2 °F) higher than in 1750. The change that
people can easily see is due to the melting of the ice cap due to the
increase in temperature. Sea levels are rising for two reasons. One
reason for this is that ice on land like Greenland is melting into the
sea. Another reason is that water expands when heated. In the 21st
century, many cities will be partially submerged by the ocean.
Climate change has occurred regularly throughout Earth's history,
like the coming and going of ice ages. Since the middle of the 20th
century, climate scientists have collected detailed observations of
various weather phenomena (such as temperature, rainfall, and
storms) and the effects of climate (ocean currents and the chemical
composition of the atmosphere). This data shows that the Earth's
climate already exists. From the beginning of geological time
imaginable, it has changed almost every time, and the impact of
human activity has been deeply woven into the fabric of climate
change since at least the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.

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In 1988, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was
established by the World, in response to the belief of the majority of
the scientific community.

In 2013, the IPCC reported that the average global temperature

between 1880 and 2012 increased by about 0.9 °C (1.5 °F). The
increase is closer to 1.1 °C (2.0 °F) than the pre-industrial average
temperature (ie, 1750-1800). A number of scenarios are based on
projected temperature increases, greenhouse gas emissions, and
mitigation (reduction) measures. Some of the main uncertainties are
the exact role of feedback processes and the effects of industrial

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pollutants, known as aerosols, which may offset some of the
warming. Most climate scientists agree that if the global average
temperature rises by 2 °C (3.6 °F) in the short term, there will be
significant social, economic, and ecological damage. Such damage
includes the extinction of many species of plants and animals,
changes in agricultural patterns, and rising sea levels. Until 2015, all
national governments except for a few countries have begun to
implement carbon reduction plans in the Paris Agreement, an
agreement designed to help countries keep global warming below
1.5 ° C (2.7 ° F) to avoid the deal. worst of the predicted effects.
Some climate regions have been shown to experience ice age-like
changes due to global warming. One of the most famous warm
periods is the Middle Ages and one of the most famous cold periods
is the Little Ice Age. Due to global warming, there is a rapid reduction
of the cryosphere due to ablation occurring on all scales from the
global scale to specific localized glaciers. Because of this, the sea
level rises and the sea floor spreads. Climate change has accelerated
over the past 100 years due to the increase in greenhouse gases on
Earth. During the previous depression, the average annual
atmospheric temperature at the surface increased by about 5°C,
while the high spatial warming in this region exceeded 10°C. This was
followed by a warming of the deep sea and tropical sea by about 1–
2°C (deep sea) and 2–4°C (tropical sea). As a result of all this, the
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world's main ice sheet, located in Eurasia, North America and parts
of Antarctica, has melted. As a result, the sea level rose by about 120
meters.

CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING:-

There is a significant, empirically demonstrated positive relationship
between surface temperature and the concentration of greenhouse
gases such as CO2 in the atmosphere. Higher concentrations, in turn,
have a significant negative impact on the global level and stability of
the cryosphere. Human activity has caused climate change,
particularly the use of fossil fuels over the past 150 years and the
increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Power plants that burn
coal, car exhaust, factory smoke, and other man-made waste gases
release 23 billion tons of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases
into the Earth's atmosphere each year. The amount of CO2 in the air
is about 31% higher than it was around 1750. Three quarters of CO2
has been released over the last 20 years by humans burning fossil
fuels such as coal or oil. Deforestation is one of the main
contributors to global warming due to industrialization and other
illicit causes. The gases primarily responsible for global warming
include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Although carbon dioxide gets most of
the press as the culprit for global warming, water vapor is actually

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the most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. According to
NASA. Humans exacerbate the problem by cutting down trees that
absorb these gases and adding other greenhouse gases to the mix.
Water vapor is an effective greenhouse gas because it absorbs long-
wave radiation and scatters it across the surface of the earth, thus
contributing to warming. On average, it accounts for about 60% of
the heat output, although it remains in the atmosphere for a short
time. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas: a gas that absorbs and
releases heat. Carbon dioxide causes 80% of global warming.
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas and the second largest
contributor to anthropogenic global warming after CO2. CO2
emissions come from burning fossil fuels for transportation,
manufacturing, heating and electricity. Greenhouse gas emissions
come from logging and manufacturing, including forests, forestry,
rice cultivation, landfills, wastewater, coal mining, and chemical
reactions to produce oil and gas, cement, steel, aluminum, and
fertilizers. released Another major contributor to global warming is
manufacturing and transportation, including cars, trucks, trains,
airplanes, and cars that run on gasoline or diesel. Agriculture, which
produces food for people on Earth, is one of the causes of human
climate change. The use of commercial and organic fertilizers
releases nitrous oxide, a powerful greenhouse gas. As the
atmosphere warms, it can hold more water, which is the largest
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greenhouse gas. This creates a feedback loop that accelerates global
warming. It also creates more clouds, rainstorms and other
symptoms of climate change. Atmospheric warming at the poles
melts the ice cap, exposing less reflective water from the ice. The
water absorbs the sun's heat, resulting in the ocean becoming hot.

GLOBAL WARMING : THE EFFECTS

2015 was the hottest year ever, the previous record was broken in
2014, and 2016 is expected to set a new record for the third year in a
row. Records have been broken for the longest wave in recent years
and the Bureau of Meteorology has added purple and magenta to
the map forecasting temperatures of up to 54°C.

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Sea Level Rise: Rising ocean temperatures are melting the world's
glaciers and ice caps. Melting ice increases the amount of water in
our oceans. Warmer temperatures cause water masses to expand
which causes sea levels to rise, threatening low-lying islands and
coastal cities. More frequent and intense weather events: Extreme
weather events such as wildfires, cyclones, droughts and floods are
becoming more frequent as a result of global warming.

Oceans are warming and acidifying: The oceans have been

absorbing extra heat and carbon dioxide to date — more than air —
making the oceans warmer and more acidic.

Strong currents wash over coral reefs and create powerful storms.
Increasing ocean acidification threatens shellfish, including small
shellfish that can collapse the marine food chain.

Ecosystem: Ecosystem stresses through global warming, increasing

temperature, water scarcity, increased risk of fire, drought, weeds
and pests, storm damage, and salinity. Some of Australia's most
iconic natural landmarks, such as the Great Barrier Reef, are under
threat.

Species: One in six species are threatened with extinction due to

climate change. With the rate of climate change our species has
experienced, it is often impossible to adapt quickly enough to

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maintain a changing environment. With the amount of habitat
destruction, some species may be endangered or threatened with
extinction.

Food and agriculture: Changing rainfall patterns, worsening

droughts, frequent heat waves, floods and extreme weather are
making it harder for farmers to raise livestock and produce, making
food less available and more expensive to buy.

Water: Decreased rainfall and worsening drought can lead to water

shortages.

Coral bleaching: Rising temperatures and acidity in our oceans are

contributing to coral bleaching events, such as the 2016 event that
destroyed a third of the Great Barrier Reef.

GREEN HOUSE EFFECTS:-

A warming effect is when radiation from a planet's atmosphere heats
the planet's surface to a higher temperature than it would be
without this atmosphere. Active radiative gases (ie, greenhouse
gases) in the planet's atmosphere radiate energy in all directions.
Some of this radiation is directed to the earth's surface, heating it.
The intensity of downward radiation, which is the strength of the
greenhouse effect, depends on the amount of greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere. The temperature rises to the intensity of the

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radiation above the surface, thereby cooling and balancing the
downward flow of energy. The earth's natural warming effect is
essential for sustaining life and is the beginning of the transition
from ocean to land. Human activities, especially the burning of fossil
fuels and deforestation, have increased the greenhouse effect and
caused global warming. As an atmospheric mechanism, the
greenhouse effect works through radiation heat loss. The term
"green effect" was first used in 1901 by Nils Gustaf Ekholm.

John Tyndall was the first to measure the infrared absorption and
emission of various gases and vapors. From 1859, he showed that

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the effect is in a small part of the atmosphere, that the main gases
are not affected, and that it is mainly due to water vapor, with minor
effects of hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide. Swante Arrhenius, who
made the first quantitative prediction of global warming due to a
hypothetical doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

PROCESS: - Earth receives energy from the Sun in the form of

ultraviolet, visible and infrared rays. About 26% of the incoming solar
energy is emitted into space by the atmosphere and clouds, and 19%
is absorbed by the atmosphere and clouds. Most of the remaining
energy is absorbed by the earth's surface. Because the Earth's
surface is cooler than the Sun, it radiates at longer wavelengths than
it absorbs. Most of the heat radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere
and warms it. The atmosphere also receives heat from the surface
through sensible and latent heat fluxes. The atmosphere reflects
energy up and down; the reflected part below is absorbed by the
Earth's surface. This results in a higher equilibrium temperature than
if there were no radiation to the atmosphere. An ideal thermally
conductive black hole at the same distance as Earth from the Sun
would have a temperature of about 5.3 °C (41.5 °F). However, since
Earth reflects about 30% of the incoming sunlight, an idealized planet
would have an effective temperature of −18 °C (0 °F). The surface

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temperature of this hypothetical planet is about 14 °C (57 °F) to 33 °C
(59 °F) lower than the actual surface temperature of Earth.

(Quantitative analysis: Energy flows between space, the atmosphere, and

Earth's surface, with greenhouse gases in the atmosphere capturing a
substantial portion of the heat reflected from the earth's surface)

The greenhouse effect is the contribution of greenhouse gases to this

trend. The Earth's surface, heated to an "impact temperature" of
about −18 °C (0 °F) in the critical region of radiation effects, emits
long-wavelength, infrared heat in the 4–100 μm range. At this
wavelength, greenhouse gases that are mostly transparent to
incoming solar radiation absorb more. Each layer of the atmosphere
that contains greenhouse gases absorbs some of the heat that

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radiates upward from the lower layer. It spreads in all directions,
both above and below; is the amount absorbed in equilibrium (by
definition). It brings more warmth down. Increasing the gas
concentration increases the amount of absorption and radiation,
thereby heating the layer and ultimately the bottom. Greenhouse
gases, including most diatomic gases (carbon dioxide, CO) and all
gases with three or more atoms, can absorb and emit infrared
radiation.

EFFECTS:-

Increasing the greenhouse effect by human activities is known as

enhanced greenhouse effect (or anthropogenic). This increase in
radiative forcing from human activity is directly observable and is
largely due to the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
According to the 2014 assessment report of the Intergovernmental
Panel on Climate Change, "Atmospheric concentrations of carbon
dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide have experienced
unprecedented impacts in the last 800,000 years. Their effects, along
with other anthropogenic drivers, have been observed in the climate
system and 20 - "It is very likely that it is the main cause of warming
observed since the middle of the 20th century."

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ANTI GREEN HOUSE EFFECTS:-

The greenhouse effect is a mechanism similar to the greenhouse

effect, but has the opposite effect of cooling the planet's surface
temperature. In the greenhouse effect, the atmosphere traps
radiation, releasing heat radiation that lowers the equilibrium
surface temperature. Such an effect has been proposed for Saturn's
moon Titan.

RUN AWAY GREEN HOUSE EFFECT:-

If the positive feedback causes all the greenhouse gases to evaporate

into the atmosphere, the runaway greenhouse effect occurs. The
runaway greenhouse effect occurs when a planet's atmosphere
contains enough greenhouse gases to prevent heat radiation from
leaving the planet, causing the planet to be cold and have no liquid
water on the surface. The effect of heat escape is often formed when
water vapor condenses. In this case, water vapor reaches the

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stratosphere and escapes into outer space through hydrodynamics,
resulting in the collapse of the planet. This may have happened in
the early history of Venus.

GREEN HOUSE GASES: A HAZARD

Greenhouse gases (GHG or GhG) are gases that absorb and emit light
energy in the thermal infrared range. The main greenhouse gases in
the Earth's atmosphere are water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2),
methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ozone (O3). Without
greenhouse gases, the average temperature on Earth would be
−18°C (0°F), instead of the current average of 15°C (59°F). The
atmospheres of Venus, Mars, and Titan also contain greenhouse
gases. The greenhouse effect on the earth's surface is due to the
emission of greenhouse gases from sunlight. There are many
greenhouse gases emitted mainly by human activities. First and
foremost in the list of carbon dioxide. Excessive burning of fossil fuels
such as coal and oil is a major factor in the production of these gases.
In addition, deforestation, removing trees to make way for land,
releases large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Cement production adds carbon dioxide to the atmosphere when
calcium carbonate is heated in lime and carbon dioxide. The second
culprit gas is methane, commonly known as natural gas. Produced by
agricultural practices such as livestock manure, wet paddy cultivation

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and fertilizer application. Methane is produced due to improper
waste management. Nitrogen oxide is mainly produced by fertilizers.
In addition, fluorinated gases such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are
mainly the result of various manufacturing processes and
refrigerants. These gases play a negative role in increasing the
damage of global warming. They constantly cause the Earth's
temperature to rise. Greenhouse gases allow sunlight to penetrate
the atmosphere, but then absorb and reflect infrared radiation (heat)
emitted by the planet. Available atmospheric gases are mainly
divided into 2 groups based on their infrared absorption and
emission factors, namely

(a). Non-greenhouse gases and

(b) greenhouse gases.

NON-GREENHOUSE GASES:-
The main components of the Earth's atmosphere are nitrogen (N2)
(78%), oxygen (O2) (21%) and argon (Ar) (0.9%), non-greenhouse
gases. This is considered so because molecules that contain two
atoms of the same element such as N2 and O2 do not change in the
distribution of electrical charges when they vibrate, and monatomic
gases such as Argon do not have a vibration mode. Therefore,
infrared radiation is almost completely unaffected. Certain molecules
contain only two atoms of various elements, such as carbon dioxide

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(CO) and hydrogen chloride (HCl), absorb infrared radiation, but
these molecules are short-lived in the atmosphere. reactivity or
resolution. Therefore, they do not contribute significantly to the
greenhouse effect and are often omitted when discussing
greenhouse gases.

GREENHOUSE GASES:-
Greenhouse gases are those that absorb and emit infrared radiation
in the wavelength range emitted by Earth Carbon dioxide (0.04%),
nitrous oxide, methane, and ozone are trace gases that account for
almost 0.1% of Earth's atmosphere and have an appreciable
greenhouse effect. In order, the most abundant greenhouse gases in
Earth's atmosphere are :-

(a)Water vapor (H2O)

(b)Carbon dioxide (CO2)

(c)Methane (CH4)

(d)Nitrous oxide (N2O)

(e)Ozone (O3)

(f)Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

(g)Hydrofluorocarbons (includes HCFCs and HFCs)

Atmospheric concentrations are determined by the balance between

sources (emissions of the gas from human activities and natural
systems) and sinks (the removal of the gas from the atmosphere by
conversion to a different chemical compound or absorption by

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bodies of water). The proportion of an emission remaining in the
atmosphere after a specified time is the "airborne fraction" (AF). As
of 2006 the annual airborne fraction for CO2 was about 0.45. The
annual airborne fraction increased at a rate of 0.25 ± 0.21% per year
over the period 1959–2006.

Water vapour :- water vapor contributes 36 - 72% of greenhouse

gases with atmospheric content 10 - 50,000ppm. Water vapour
accounts for about 97 percent of the total greenhouse warming of
the planet. Water is a major greenhouse gas , but its level in the
atmosphere depends on temperature. since water vapor is itself a
greenhouse gas, the increase in humidity amplifies the warming from
carbon dioxide.

Carbon dioxide :- Carbon dioxide acts as a greenhouse gas, trapping

heat in Earth's atmosphere. More thermal energy is trapped by the
atmosphere, causing the planet to become warmer than it would be
naturally. Not only do increasing CO2 concentrations lead to
increases in global surface temperature, but increasing global
temperatures also cause increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide.
Currently. Carbon dioxide is the most abundant greenhouse gas
contributes most to global warming.

Methane :- Methane is a powerful greenhouses gas with a 100-year

global warming potential 28-34 times that of CO2. Methane
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contributes to about 20% of the warming due to greenhouse gases,
second in importance behind carbon dioxide. Due to the chemical
bonds within its molecule methane is much more efficient at
absorbing heat than carbon dioxide (as much as 86 times more),
making it a very potent greenhouse gas. Fortunately, methane can
only last about 10 to 12 years in the atmosphere before it gets
oxidized and turns into water and carbon dioxide.

Ozone :- Atmospheric ozone has two effects on the temperature

balance of the Earth. It absorbs solar ultraviolet radiation, which
heats the stratosphere. It also absorbs infrared radiation emitted by
the Earth's surface, effectively trapping heat in the troposphere. As
such ozone contributes to global warming as a greenhouse gas.

Nitrous oxide :-

Nitrous oxide enhances the greenhouse effect just as carbon dioxide

does by capturing reradiated infrared radiation from the Earth's
surface and subsequently warming the troposphere. Nitrous oxide is
a potent greenhouse gas where One pound of the gas warms the
atmosphere some 300 times more than a pound of carbon does over
a 100-year period.

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The major non-gas contributor to Earth's greenhouse effect,
clouds, also absorb and emit infrared radiation and thus have
an effect on greenhouse gas radiative properties. Clouds are
water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere.

IMPACTS OF GREEN HOUSE GASES:-

Since the 1950s, droughts and heat waves have occurred with
increased frequency due to warming. Storms and typhoons have
increased rainfall and wind speeds. Some phenomena like
monsoons, typhoons, storms are seen in some areas. Global sea
levels are rising as a result of melting glaciers, melting ice sheets in
Greenland and Antarctica, and thermal expansion. During the 21st
century, the IPCC projects that sea levels could rise by 61-110 cm
under very high emissions scenarios. Rising ocean temperatures are
weakening the Antarctic ice cap and risking massive melting of the
ice sheet and 2 meters of sea level rise by 2100 under high emissions
conditions. High atmospheric CO concentrations cause changes in

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ocean chemistry. An increase in dissolved CO causes ocean
acidification. Additionally, because oxygen is less dissolved in warm
water, oxygen levels decrease, and the hypoxic dead zone expands
as a result of algal blooms stimulated by high temperatures, high
CO2 levels, ocean deoxygenation, and eutrophication. The long-term
effects of climate change include melting ice caps, warming oceans,
rising sea levels, and ocean acidification due to increased greenhouse
gases.

Tidal flooding. Sea-level rise increases flooding in low-lying

coastal regions. Shown: Venice, Italy.

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Heat wave intensification. Events like the June 2019 European
heat wave are becoming more common.

IMPACTS ON LIVING BEINGS:-

Global warming can severely affect the health of living beings. Excess
heat can cause stress which may lead to blood pressure and heart
diseases. Crop failures and famines, which are a direct consequence
of heating up of earth, can cause a decline in human body resistance
to viruses and infections. Global warming may also transfer various
diseases to other regions as people will shift from regions of higher
temperatures to regions of comparatively lower temperatures.
Warmer oceans and other surface waters may lead to severe cholera
outbreaks and harmful infections in some types of sea food .

Moreover, it is an established fact that warmer temperatures lead to

dehydration which is a major cause of kidney stones. A medical team

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from The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia examined the health
proceedings of more than 60,000 Americans alongside weather
records. They discovered that individuals were most likely to be
hospitalized with kidney stones three days after a temperature rise.
Since 1994, kidney stone incidence has risen from about one in 20
people to one in 11. This trend is likely to increase as the globe gets
hotter. According to Louis Ostrosky, M.D. of the Division of Infectious
Diseases at The University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston
Medical School and medical director for epidemiology at Memorial
Hermann-Texas Medical Centre: “One infection that is definitely
making a weird pattern is valley fever”. In his words, “This is a fungal
infection we used to see only in California, Arizona, New Mexico and
a little in Texas, but last year we found it for the first time in
Washington State”. This potentially deadly condition caused
apprehension in California when the number of cases increased
drastically during 2010 and 2011. Valley fever infections have been
on the rise, probably because of warming climates and drought
causing dust storms. Dry soil and wind can carry spores that spread
the virus. Hotter and drier climates are projected to increase the
amount of dusting carrying this disease. Researchers have already
noticed a rise in mosquito-borne disease like dengue fever and
malaria due to warmer and longer summers. Perhaps the most
prominent mosquito-borne disease, West Nile Virus, has already
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experienced a sharp increase in annual cases. According to the U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the summer of 2012 was
the nastiest West Nile season on record,. The likely reason was that
summer's scorching heat and drought. Lyme disease is another
dangerous disease which is transmitted mainly through bites from
certain tick species,

Global warming is also affecting animals. They need to move to

colder places to survive. This process has been observed in various
places, for example, in the Alps, in mountainous Queensland in
Australia, and in the misty forests of Costa Rica. Fish in the North Sea
have also been reported to be moving northwards. The impact on
species is becoming so noticeable that their movements can be used
as an indicator of global warming. They are silent witnesses to the
rapid changes taking place on earth. Scientists and researchers
speculate that global warming is gradually damaging the ecosystems
of various species and playing a very unproductive role in their
extinction. For instance Asia's only ape - the orangutan - is in
bottomless trouble. Its last remaining stronghold in the rainforests of
Indonesia is being threatened by a range of pressures, including
climate change, which puts the animal at risk of extinction within a
few decades. As the duration and frequency of drought continue to
increase with global warming, bushfires occur more frequently in

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these heavily logged forests, further fragmenting the Orang-utan's
habitat. Similarly, in Africa, elephants face a range of threats,
including habitat loss, which brings them into conflict with people
more regularly. With this reduced living space, elephants will not be
able to survive any changes to their natural habitat due to global
warming, including more common and longer dry periods, which will
put further pressure on their survival.

SOLUTIONS:-
ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES:-
The dangers posed by global warming are enormous. Excessive use
of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and oil also plays a role. The
use of fossil fuels must be stopped immediately. The most important
solution to stop this disaster is to use alternative energy sources.
These include wind, solar, biomass, geothermal and hydro. The most
important aspect of using this resource is its pure nature. It does not
produce pollution or toxic gases that can cause global warming. They
are environmentally friendly and do not threaten the ecological
balance. However, high setup and installation costs may keep energy
companies away from them, but in the long run it's definitely a win-
win. The bottom line is that fossil fuels will one day run out and
sooner or later we will have to switch to renewable energy sources
for power generation. So, to stop global warming is to use alternative

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energy sources. The dangers posed by global warming are
enormous. Excessive use of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and
oil also plays a role. The use of fossil fuels must be stopped
immediately. The most important solution to stop this disaster is to
use alternative energy sources. These include wind, solar, biomass,
geothermal and hydro. The most important aspect of using this
resource is its pure nature. It does not produce pollution or toxic
gases that can cause global warming. They are environmentally
friendly and do not threaten the ecological balance. However, high
setup and installation costs may keep energy companies away from
them, but in the long run it's definitely a win-win. The bottom line is
that fossil fuels will one day run out and sooner or later we will have
to switch to renewable energy sources for power generation. So, to
stop global warming is to use alternative energy sources. Addressing
the medical threat of global warming requires a return to renewable
energy sources. Society as a whole must be responsible for decisions
about energy saving methods. This will ensure a healthy atmosphere
and a stable climate for future generations. The government should
develop and adopt policies that encourage energy companies and
the general public to use renewable energy instead of conventional
energy, non-governmental organizations should distribute brochures
to people that encourage the use of alternative energy sources and
prevent them from using waste; fuel They should also be aware of
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the dangers of using fossil fuels. Most of the developed countries
have produced a large amount of energy using renewable resources.
These countries should provide assistance to developing countries to
combat global warming. Using renewable energy is the most
effective way to limit greenhouse gas emissions that play an
important role in global warming.

OTHER SOLUTIONS:-
As explained earlier, toxic emissions are the main cause of global
warming, and the solution to reducing harmful emissions is to reduce
the use of vehicles that produce them. Many people don't have
much success because they refuse to give up the experience of using
a car. Sure, some people have started to use bicycles and public
transport, and some prefer to walk, but this number is small. It
should be noted that fuel economy and emissions are the main
factors involved in choosing a car. Hybrid cars have higher efficiency
and lower emissions. Keeping your tires inflated will help increase
mileage, and air filters should be replaced more often to reduce
harmful emissions. People should share rides with friends or
colleagues to reduce the number of vehicles on the road. The press
and social media can play an effective role in preventing problems.
Car advertising should use the same philosophy to encourage drivers
to save energy and reduce pollution. A very useful way to show that

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global warming is not good for the planet. Recycling is a great way to
reduce global warming. People should use rechargeable batteries
instead of disposable batteries. You need to buy high quality
products that last a long time. Shopping should be done from local
markets which reduce transportation. Even small personal efforts,
such as turning down thermostats in the winter and using compact
fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs, can help address
global warming. An afforestation scheme should be started to grow a
large number of trees. Deforestation and deforestation must be
prevented at the government level. Nuclear power can also be a
possible solution because this power causes lower emissions, but this
method must be used with caution because it can cause serious
accidents. if this method will be implemented.

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CONCLUSION:-
The scientific and environmental community is on the same page
regarding the bitter reality of global warming and the involvement of
the human factor in it. The papers discussed here only scratch the
surface of what is a very complex line of scientific and engineering
research. Global warming is a big threat and proper measures should
be taken to tackle this serious problem. This problem is not only
affecting humans but also animals and plants. The melting of the
polar ice caps will lead to floods that can cause havoc everywhere.
Sea level rise will destroy agriculture and fishing activities. To deal
with these problems, some remedial measures should be taken in
time including but not limited to using renewable sources of energy
and stopping deforestation. Innovative solutions must be brought
forward to end this menace once and for all.

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