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language and metaphor has been updated to better reflect the language of groups, social media,
and social change. The work seeks to identify language used figuratively in everyday
contemporary English, along with its distinguishing collocates. The first entry is ablaze, and the
last entry is Zuckerberg (the Russian Mark Zuckerberg, etc.). Each entry is tagged by what
cognitive linguists sometimes describe as target and source; in general, each entry seeks to
highlight a physical basis. Tags include ones like shape; direction; weight; trips & journeys; past
& present; feeling & emotion, etc. The compiler is a lifelong EFL teacher of adult military
students in Saudi Arabia, and his interest in figurative language arose during his work. The result
reinforces that language used figuratively based on our lives and experiences is common and
important in all types of communication. For example, a “tug-of-war” from the experience of our
childhood can describe a struggle with radar on a plane that results in hundreds of fatalities, and
a “conversation” nowadays often suggests much more than simply a talk between two people.
The work has implications for ESL / EFL teaching, which tends to focus on the literal meanings
of words, usually the first sense in a dictionary. Clearly, more attention should be paid to other
senses of words, and this work will help to identify and classify them. This is a reference for ESL
/ EFL teachers, curriculum developers, materials writers, and teacher trainers. However, it has
also been found useful as a dataset by linguists and computer experts interested in metaphor
detection, natural language processing (NLP), artificial intelligence (AI), and social-media
analysis. Preliminary short discussions based on the work include (1) 60 + common metaphors
(2) Collocation (3) Epithets (4) Persons (5) The “container” metaphor (6) Grammatical
metaphor, fictive verbs, etc. (7) Past, present and future (8) Allusions (9) Euphemisms (10)
Gestures and bodily reactions (11) Shapes and parts-whole (12) Animacy (13) Persistence,
survival and endurance (14) Quotations (15) Synonyms and opposites (16) Lessons and exercises
(17) To the ESL / EFL teacher, which focuses on how the dictionary and thesaurus impacts the
knowledge and experience base of the ESL / EFL teacher and (18) An alphabetized list of the
thesaurus categories.
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A Dictionary and Thesaurus of Contemporary Figurative
Language and Metaphor 2022
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Table of contents
1. Dedication 4
2. Introduction 5-9
3. 60 + common metaphors 10-16
4. Collocation 17
5. Epithets 18-19
6. Persons 20
7. The “container” metaphor 21
8. Grammatical metaphor, fictive verbs, etc. 22
9. Past, present and future 23
10. Allusions 24
11. Euphemisms 25-27
12. Gestures and bodily reactions 28
13. Shapes and parts-whole 29
14. Animacy 30-32
15. Persistence, survival and endurance 33-35
16. Quotations 36-38
17. Synonyms and opposites 39-41
18. Lessons and exercises 42-43
19. To the EFL / ESL teacher 44-48
20. An alphabetized list of the thesaurus categories 49-55
21. The dictionary of collocations 56-1153
22. The thesaurus / categories 1154-1574
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Dedication
To my father—a teacher and a theater man. I thought of you every time I added a word or
expression to the category of theater in the thesaurus.
But this work is especially dedicated to the adult military students I taught in Saudi Arabia,
starting in 1983 and ending in 2017.
The lyric from Mutanabbi that you taught me will beat in my heart as long as my heart beats.
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Introduction
I compiled this work with my adult Saudi Arabian military EFL students in mind. The third
entry in this dictionary—about-face—is something I've seen my students do many times on the
maidan, or parade ground, in Dhahran, in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. A literal about-
face, not a figurative one. The literal tends to come first in English language teaching and
learning, and in our dictionaries, but the figurative usage can be right behind, if only taught. Of
course, the figurative meaning of about-face relates to reversal: a government can do an about-
face on something such as a policy.
In my classroom, when I would casually mention that a hurricane had an eye (resemblance), or a
bed had a foot and a head (orientation), and not only the earth but also a school had an
atmosphere (environment), my students would often react with astonishment and dismay.
And yet, those same students had no problem exemplifying figurative uses of words. When I
taught a group of students the figurative use of magnet, and gave them a little time to think about
it, one student shot his hand into the air and pronounced, "Makkah is a magnet for Muslims."
The key for such exemplifications lies with collocation. With magnet, the important collocating
preposition is for: X (be) a magnet for Y. This little formula with its collocating preposition
allows students to create their own, novel exemplifications.
I remember once teaching basic English in a dusty classroom overlooking a parade ground
ringed by date palms, in the early days of personal computers. The vocabulary item I was
teaching was window. I introduced the word in the usual, literal way, but I also mentioned that
TV shows could be a window (portal) to other countries and cultures. This was in the old days
before smartphones.
And a bearded naval officer—a Qahtani?—shot his hand into the air and said, slyly, "Windows."
Another time, I remember teaching a lesson on shopping that included the word mall. This
provided me the opportunity to speak for a brief moment about mall rats, girls and boys who go
to malls to flirt. Saudi Arabia has malls, girls, and boys, of course, but flirting is not supposed to
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occur, and premarital sex can be a death sentence. Not only that, but in Saudi Arabia comparing
a man to an animal of any type is potentially a deadly insult.
After the lesson, a cadet approached me and confided in a whisper, "My brother is a big mall
rat!"
In fact, it was my Saudi students that got me interested in the figurative and metaphorical use of
language in the first place. They would talk to me of Islam as a path, refer to the character of a
person or nationality as being straight and crooked, insult people as snakes, devils, dogs, and
pigs, and compliment me on my "white" heart. In Riyadh, the center of the country, I taught in
view of a prominent ridge called "The Camel's Nose" in Arabic. When I taught in Jeddah, in the
western part of the country, I learned from my students that the city was known as "The Bride of
the Red Sea," and it was from Arabic poetry that I learned expressions like, "Her face gleamed
like the moon on the 14th of the month."
I have not thought of pigs, hearts, geographical place names, cities, and the moon in the same
way since.
It's interesting to reflect that there are no actual pigs in Saudi Arabia, the cradle of Islam where
the Qur’an forbids the eating of pork. And yet, you hear the word all the time there, not in its
literal sense as the animal, but as an insult. And that is how it is entered and categorized in this
work. Animals are commonly related to insults, just as they are commonly related to character
and personality and many other things, including predation and epithets.
"If you are not a wolf, a wolf will eat you," is a proverb I learned in Saudi Arabia.
I like the figurative world because it is connected to the natural world, a world I admire, and not
just through the window of an automobile. It includes creatures from childhood like monsters
and witches, as well as words that come from "grown up" subjects like astronomy, history,
physics, and medicine. In the figurative world, words still refer to older technologies and
practices like sailing, mills, farming, and hunting, and somehow I understand them. The
figurative world maintains allusions to literature, to the Iliad and the Odyssey, Dickens, Mary
Shelley, and the Bible. In the figurative world, drumbeats still carry a message, a simple object
such as a coin or a chain can express a fundamental relationship, a pancake can express a shape
or configuration, and a “tug of war” between an aircraft and its crew can have real consequences,
resulting in hundreds of fatalities. Troop buildups on a border can be described as a “geopolitical
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game of chicken.” A bubble can symbolize a pandemic. Layers of Swiss cheese can symbolize
protection from a pandemic. Waves sloshing in a bathtub can symbolize transmission during a
pandemic.
Figurative language offers synonyms, antonyms, and makes connections. You can be up to your
neck or up to your eyeballs in something. Take your pick! If you have a problem, you can tackle
it or punt. Both those words come from American football. Or, you can kick the can down the
road, something I often did as a boy. You can stroll / coast / waltz / or sail to success. You can
say, “That ship has sailed,” or you can say, “That train has left the station,” depending on
whether you are into ships or trains. When it comes to resolution and conclusion, you can bury
the ghosts, or put something to rest. If you wish to avoid or separate yourself from something,
nautically you can steer clear of it, or give it a wide berth.
And the figurative world makes just makes sense. Is it any surprise that words and expressions
from the field of education often relate to assessment? Alcohol to restraint and lack of restraint?
The family to relationship? A crutch to help and assistance? The theater to attention? Gambling
to fate, fortune and chance? A boat or a horse to control? Religion to messages? Sleep to
consciousness and awareness? The tongue to speech? Health and medicine to condition and
status? Targets to weapons? Weight to substance? Clothing to concealment? Chess to strategy?
A table to negotiation, or inclusion? A door to access? Affliction to wounds and scars? Love and
marriage... to pursuit, capture and escape?
That last tends to surprise and delight those who haven't thought of it before.
The figurative world is a great way to organize words and phrases to produce language that
really sounds natural, the type of language that we seldom if ever teach from our textbooks, and
that our students often surprise us with by acquiring on their own, outside our classrooms. It is
the difference between “I understand” which we teach and “I see” or “I get it” which we don’t.
As English language teachers, we tend to think of the future as a grammar lesson. But the future
can also be thought of as movement, direction and even as a container. The future is forward.
And if the future is forward, then the past is… behind! The same for progress. Achievement is
up, decline is down. The same for proper conduct. Direction is very relevant to numbers. Sales
are up! Down! Soaring! Plummeting! Sky-high! Rock-bottom! Through the roof!
Saudis will spend the night out in the desert on full-moon nights, and spend a night out around a
bonfire in the winter. Like Russians, they enjoy searching for mushrooms in season, except in
their case they are hunting for desert truffles. In Saudi Arabia a young man might walk miles to
get from one place to another. While walking, he will notice the ashes of old campfires, and the
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footprints of those who have walked the path before him. He will pay attention to the weather,
and to the light. If he is out past sunset and has planned ahead and carried some wood, he might
light a fire for warmth or companionship, and notice other such lights on the horizon, or across a
valley, and he will notice the stars in the sky. Such a person will already know the physical bases
of words like trail, fire, footprint, beacon, weather, and star and will feel the shock of
recognition in their figurative and metaphorical usages.
The figurative and the literal can become controversial, as the following examples attest:
• A few days after 9/11, President George W. Bush’s use of the word crusade was widely
questioned when he said to the nation: “This crusade, this war on terrorism, is going to
take a while...”
• In 2011 in the US, the elected politician Gabrielle Giffords and others were shot after
Giffords' district had been targeted on a map with cross-hairs by an ideological opponent.
In a coda, in 2019, Roger Stone apologized to Judge Amy Berman Jackson for posting an
Instagram photo of her next to a rifle scope’s crosshair. She said, “Roger Stone fully
understands the power of words and the power of symbols... There’s nothing ambiguous
about a crosshairs.” And in a coda to that coda, in 2022 a court heard a case involving
that original cross-hairs symbol and The New York Times.
• In 2020, after the Trump campaign called on volunteers to monitor the vote, Sheryl
Sandberg, the COO of Facebook, said, “I think what people are worried about in this ad
is that he says ‘army of supporters’... We believe the language ‘army of supporters’ is not
really calling for an army but is calling on people who are normal campaign volunteers.”
• In 2021, President Trump, after losing his bid for reelection, said, “And they’re not taking
the White House, we’re going to fight like hell...” His supporters would later storm the
U.S. Capitol, resulting in his second impeachment and trial, with much debate about
political speech. “Are we going to put every politician in jail, are we going to impeach
every politician who has used the words fight figuratively in a speech? Shame!” said
Senator Rand Paul. Said Michael Van Der Veen, from the floor of the Senate at the
impeachment trial, “The reality is, Mr. Trump was not in any way, shape or form
instructing these people to fight, or to use physical violence. What he was instructing
them to do was to challenge their opponents...”
Figurative usage is not just important in politics. Wall Street "mines" newspaper articles and
tweets for the figurative usage of words like abyss—as in "Greece is at the edge of a financial
abyss”—which can spark declines in the market. In language, the idea of substance can be
associated with weight, and cognitive linguists have conducted experiments based on the idea
that the actual thickness and weight of something, like a paper file, can influence people's
attitudes about the substance of a person.
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Metaphor is nothing new: the ancient Greeks discussed it. Wilfred Funk, Litt. D., in his book
Word Origins (published by Grosset & Dunlap, New York, 1950), wrote, “Up and down are two
other strange words that tie into the mysteries of space and even of religion and our human ideas
of values,” in the chapter entitled “word oddities,” and he goes on to explain and give good
examples. In 1836, Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote, “Light and darkness are our familiar
expression for knowledge and ignorance... Visible distance behind and before us, is respectively
our image of memory and hope.” (Nature, Chapter 4, “Language”). Cognitive linguists speak of
metaphors like these as BAD IS DOWN, GOOD IS UP, KNOWLEDGE IS VISION, PAST IS BEHIND EGO,
and FUTURE IS IN FRONT OF EGO.
For students learning English, this dictionary should help them learn the figurative uses of words.
The entry word is, in most cases, a basic one. The collocations are rarely more than two or three
words, slightly harder, and the exemplary fragments and sentences are a bit harder yet. This basic
English (to include figurative language) is the foundation for all those other Englishes: academic
English, aviation English, business English, medical English, military English, scientific English,
technical English, English for Peace and Conflict Studies, etc.
It took decades for the fruits of research on collocation to get into our curriculums, materials, and
dictionaries. The Oxford Collocations Dictionary finally appeared in 2002, and the revised and
updated version of the military curriculum I taught for so many years in Saudi Arabia—the
American Language Course (ALC) created by the Defense Language Institute (DLI)—currently
contains many excellent exercises based on collocation. Both were a long time coming. It is my
hope that the next big effort for the ALC/DLI and in language teaching in general will be to
incorporate the figurative uses of words into curriculums, textbook exercises, and learner’s
dictionaries.
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60+ common metaphors
These metaphors are based on the work and represent a lot of language. The bolded words are
categories in the thesaurus and the italicized words have entries in the dictionary. The first
metaphor relates the hand to attainment and possession. A hand, of course, can relate to many
other things: see the category hand in the thesaurus for the many things a hand can relate to. But
the hand relating to attainment and possession is a common metaphor.
1. The hand can relate to attainment and also to possession: “It was in my hands, but it slipped
through my fingers and now it is forever out of my grasp / reach.”
2. Sleep can relate to consciousness & awareness: “The government is sleeping, and our
politicians need to wake up.” So can the eye: “A minority of clear-eyed scientists saw it
coming. Still, non-scientists were blindsided, and, when the catastrophe occurred, it was a
real eye-opener.”
3. Royalty often relates to the superlative: Burger King; Mattress King; Aretha, the Queen of
Soul; “aristocratic wine at democratic prices” (an advertisement); “Banff, the Canadian
National Park, is the crown jewel of the system.”
4. A name relates to reputation: “Life is for one generation; a good name is forever.” “You
have blackened our name.” “That company has a good name.”
5. A horse can relate to control & lack of control: “We need to rein in galloping / runaway
inflation.” “Hydroelectric dams harness the power of rivers.”
6. Mining can relate to searching & discovery: “I began to dig into the old case and uncovered
some interesting facts. Not all the leads panned out. It was in the old police case file,
however, that I struck gold.”
7. The family commonly relates to relationship and to division & connection: “Intelligence
officers have always held an orphan / stepchild position in the military compared to the
favorite son status of tacticians and logistics officers.”
8. Language from the military and weapon categories is often linked to conflict and
accusation & criticism: “Facing sniping from his own party and a fusillade of criticism from
the opposition, he has fired a broadside in his defense.”
9. The theater often relates to development, and also attention, scrutiny & promotion, and
performance: “It is only the first act of the legal drama, but already the spotlight has
focused on jury selection. The trial promises to be quite a show.”
10. Chess often relates to strategy: “It’s a geopolitical chess game and the pawns in the struggle
have no idea what the endgame will be.”
11. A table can relate to position, policy & negotiation: sit down at the table; on the table; off
the table; come back to the table; turn the tables. Also inclusion & exclusion: a seat at the
table.
12. Movement and direction can relate to action, inaction & delay and progress & lack of
progress: “We’ve got to move, and we’ve got to move forward, not sideways or backwards.”
13. The center & periphery often relate to society: mainstream; center; fringe, on the margins.
14. Height can relate to importance & significance and primacy, currency, decline &
obsolescence and superiority & inferiority: “LeBron James is literally and figuratively a
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towering figure at the height of his career, at the very pinnacle of success, head and
shoulders above his rivals. And while his star may now be at its zenith, it must be that every
star will set.”
15. Journeys & trips can represent life. After college, you set out / embark on a course. You
encounter crossroads or forks in the road and choose your direction. You might follow in
someone else’s footsteps or blaze your own trail. You will cross that bridge when you come
to it, encounter obstacles in your path and take shortcuts and detours. Milestones along the
way might include marriage, children, and promotions. Life can be a hard slog, and some fall
by the wayside. But hopefully you will be happy and content when you reach the end of the
road, especially if you are one of those who took “the [road] less travelled by.”
16. A line often relates to behavior: “You are out of line. You have crossed the line. You are
over the line. You have crossed a red line.”
17. An animal can relate to predation, especially a lion, wolf or shark: “Famine still stalks the
inhabitants of the Sahel.” “If you are not a wolf, a wolf will eat you.” “His critics are circling,
they can smell blood in the water, and they are out for blood.”
18. Smell often relates to evidence and corruption: “I began sniffing out government corruption.
And when I got wind of the business deal, I immediately detected something fishy.
Something stank, and by the time I had finished my investigation, the stench filled my
nostrils.”
19. Affliction can relate to a creature (like a ghost) and health & medicine and to a mark (like
a scar): “He was never able to exorcise the ghosts of Afghanistan, heal his emotional
wounds, and the mental scars of his service are still livid, raw and itchy.”
20. A weight or a burden can relate to oppression: “I was weighed down by a heavy load of
debt that I knew I would never be able to get out from under, and the repossession of my car
was the last straw.”
21. Health & medicine can relate to the condition & status of something: The economy is on
life support / moribund / weak / recovering / healthy / robust, etc.
22. Ruins can relate to destruction. “Even though my company had collapsed, and my
reputation was in ruins, I began to rebuild.”
23. Water can relate to the size and force of movement: “The number of asylum seekers began
as a trickle or stream and is now a flood. A groundswell of immigration is threatening to
inundate the border, and those opposed to migration are characterizing it as a tsunami.”
24. Rain, a storm, a wind, or natural disasters like an avalanche, a landslide, an earthquake,
or tsunami, and great forces like a volcano, a river, the sea, a fire, a wave and water often
relate to amount and effect: an avalanche / blizzard / firestorm / flood / deluge / landslide /
tidal wave / tsunami / storm / surge of criticism, protest, etc.
25. Direction and height can relate to behavior and character & personality: “An upright man
always takes the high road and does not get down in the gutter or in the mud with his
enemies of low repute. To such a man, morality is straightforward, and his opposite is a
snake, taking a twisted path.”
26. Astronomy can relate to the idea of primacy, currency, decline & obsolescence: “One
boxer’s star is rising, the current champion’s star is at its zenith, while the former champ’s
star is setting.”
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27. Books & reading can relate to development: “When I graduated from university, it was
time to close the book on that stage of my life, turn the page, and start a new chapter in my
life.”
28. Food & drink often relates to consumption: “I developed a taste for exploration as a young
boy. I gorged on the books of explorers, I devoured them, I drank in / lapped up / gobbled up
adventure stories and digested their lessons learned, and my appetite for them was insatiable.
Soon I began taking little voyages of my own about the neighborhood and developed a taste
for freedom. In fact, I became a glutton for it.”
29. Sports & games commonly relate to competition: the contest of measure and
countermeasure (warfare); the space race; we are ahead of them; we must not fall behind;
they are outpacing us and we will have to do better to keep up; when it comes to global
warming, there will be winners and losers; she is jockeying for position; he is the front-
runner, etc.
30. A season can relate to growth & development and decline: “I am in the autumn of my life;”
nuclear winter; the Arab Spring...
31. The day can relate to past & present and future: in the old days; back in the day; those
days; yesterday; these days; nowadays; a new day; in the coming days, “hopes and dreams for
a better tomorrow.”
32. Hygiene is related, too often in a sinister way, to violence and concealment & lack of
concealment: a military “cleanup” operation; ethnic cleansing; “wash the filthy scum off the
streets,” whitewash, sanitize, scrub, launder, etc.
33. Water (swimming and drowning) often relates to survival & endurance: “My first semester
at college, I felt like I was I out of my depth and drowning. I was just treading water, barely
able to keep my head above water and stay afloat. Letters from home were a real lifeline.
Things are much better now.”
34. Equilibrium is often related to disruption: “The company has shaken up the industry and
rattled the major players by overturning accepted assumptions and norms.” It is also related
to fairness: “The idea will tilt the balance and create an unequal playing field.”
35. Temperature can relate to feeling, emotion & effect: “Relations between the two countries,
previously frosty, have begun to thaw, but they can in no way be described as warm yet.”
36. Direction up or down can relate to feeling, emotion & effect: “You look downhearted.
Cheer up! I can see you need a lift. Let’s do something to raise your spirits.”
37. A clock and the time of day can relate to timeliness & lack of timeliness. So can a window:
“We had better hurry. The clock is ticking. It’s no longer early in the morning, it’s late in the
day. We’re in a race with the clock now, and the clock is winding down. Our window of
opportunity is closing fast.”
38. Natural obstacles can relate figuratively to obstacles & impedance: headwind; shoal;
morass; mud; quagmire; quicksand; thicket; logjam; snag, etc.
39. A desert or oasis or jungle or swamp or island or sea and other geographical features are
often used figuratively to describe an environment. “Too many urban areas are food deserts
with little access to fresh food.” “It’s a jungle out there, be careful.” “The area is an island of
affluence in a sea of squalor.” “We must drain the swamp of Congress.” The air, the
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atmosphere and the climate can be used to talk about environment in general. “There is
tension in the air / atmosphere, and a climate of fear.”
40. A plant and farming & agriculture are often related to growth & development:
“Christianity found fertile ground in the Philippines, where the seeds the missionaries
planted took root and flourished / flowered / bore fruit.”
41. Standing, sitting & lying can relate to many things, including dominance & submission,
and resistance, opposition, & defeat, and also action, inaction & delay. These meanings
are often combined in a series: “We can’t take this lying down. Why are we just sitting on
our hands? We can’t stand by any longer. It’s time to stand up and make a stand.”
42. Health & medicine; addiction; love, courtship & marriage; and religion can all relate to
enthusiasm: “I’m crazy about dragonflies”; “Adrenaline junkies risk life and limb at the X
games for their sports”; “To meet a walrus is to fall in love with a walrus” (a walrus
researcher); “It’s a bit of a disease” (Jay Leno on his vehicle collection); “Mountains are
truly cathedrals” (the great “Big” Jim Whittaker, climber). The opening line of Norman
Maclean’s book A River Runs Through It reads, “In our family, there was no clear line
between religion and fly fishing.”
43. The Galapagos Islands have become an epithet for the biodiversity of endemic species. The
fascinating Yemeni island of Socotra has been called the “Galapagos of the Indian Ocean.”
Alaska’s Pribilof Islands are known as the Galapagos of the North. In Unesco’s World
Heritage Site citation, Lake Baikal in eastern Russia is referred to as the Galapagos of
Russia. The Hawaiian Islands Marine National Park has been referred to as the American
Galapagos, and the Haida Gwaii have been referred to as the Canadian Galapagos.
44. Allusions from the Iliad & Odyssey relate to the following: attraction (siren); affliction
(hector); subterfuge (Trojan horse); journeys & trips (odyssey); message (Cassandra);
protection & lack of protection (Achilles’ heel), superlative (epic and Homeric), and
alternative & choices and danger (between Scylla and Charybdis). This vocabulary will
live in the language long after the details are forgotten.
45. Alcohol can relate to several things: activity (ferment); behavior (binge, drunk, and
inebriate); concealment & lack of concealment (bootleg and bootlegger); consciousness
and awareness) (black out); control and lack of control (drunk); feeling, emotion & effect
(hangover, intoxicate, intoxicate, intoxicating, sober, and sobering); mixture (cocktail); and
restraint & lack of restraint (binge, drunk, and inebriate). You don’t have to be a drinker to
be “drunk on power / success.”
46. Falling can relate to fate, fortune & chance. If you are on thin ice, you might fall through
the ice and drown. Likewise, when you go out on a limb, the limb might break and then you
will fall to the ground and die. If you are hanging on to your job by a thread, that thread
might break. If you are walking a tightrope, you might fall off and die. If you are teetering on
the edge of a precipice, you might fall and die. The sky can fall. If your head is on the
chopping block, the blade could fall on your neck and your head will roll. That blade might
be the Sword of Damocles. Or perhaps you are waiting for a shoe to drop or fall.
47. Cards can relate to fate, fortune & chance: “The cards were stacked against Rubin Carter
from birth. He was dealt a hand nobody could play. But by the luck of the draw, a
sympathetic judge was selected to try his final case of habeas corpus.”
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48. A euphemism is often used for death. Expressions include pass away; the fallen; lose
(through death); resting place, etc. A set of sinister euphemisms relate to killing: liquidate;
encounter; “He was disappeared”; remove; take down, etc.
49. Money can relate to obligation: “The grateful nation owes a debt of gratitude to the
sacrifices of its military. We can never fully repay those who paid the ultimate price for our
freedom.”
50. Money is often related to cost & benefit. “I made a costly mistake, I paid a price for my
mistake, it took a toll on me, but in the end I profited from it, though it took years and years
before I understood what exactly the payoff was.”
51. Society can relate to a person like a leper, castaway, outcast, pariah, and hermit. Such
people might find themselves separated from the mainland, on an island, in the wilderness,
left out in the cold, outside of the tent, on the fringe, on the far shore, etc.
52. Noise and movement are often related to activity: The factory floor was a beehive of
activity, swarming with workers, with machines large and small humming and buzzing.
53. Gesture can relate to feeling, emotion & effect: “The latest college admissions scandal has
some people shaking their heads, others rolling their eyes, and a few wringing their hands.”
54. Cloth can relate to division & connection: “We are used to traveling around on an
interwoven, tight-knit, seemingly seamless system of highways. But some strands have
become frayed.” So can a rope: “A nation is bound / tied together by its system of roads.”
55. Containers can relate to situations: “I got into trouble, I was in a tight spot, trapped,
desperate to get out.” However, a situation is more and more considered to be a place: “I was
in a tight spot where I couldn’t figure a way out.”
56. Love, courtship & marriage can be connected to attraction & repulsion and to pursuit,
capture & escape: “She was the darling of Wall Street, she had no problem wooing and
seducing eager investors—including ex-generals, one ex-president, Henry Kissinger, and two
nationally important families—and she had the media swooning.”
57. Sound can represent conflict: “His comments caused an uproar and howls of protest, with
many clamoring for an apology, and outcries for his resignation.” Actual warfare, past and
present, is associated with sound.
58. An explosion or a weapon from the military can represent danger: On a bad day academia
can be a minefield full of booby traps, trip wires and hidden landmines.”
59. Verbs of hitting, slamming and lashing are often related to the force of a storm like a
hurricane or tornado: “The hurricane battered the island with a horrific storm surge,
pummeled inland areas with winds and rain, and knocked out the power grid before moving
on to clobber the mainland.”
60. Direction (up and down) can relate to hierarchy. “When I started out in my job, I started out
at the bottom. I was low man on the totem pole, and literally everyone in the company was
over me. With hard work and perseverance, I began to rise up. I began to climb the career
ladder. When my superiors realized I wanted to take care of those under me, and not just
please my higher-ups, I rose even higher. Today I am not at the top of the pyramid, but I am
very happy where I am, and I am ready to assume additional responsibility.”
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61. Religion often relates to message: He has used his bully pulpit to preach the gospel of
American exceptionalism, and his crusade has been wildly popular, particularly when he
preaches to members of the choir.
62. Sensation can relate to feeling, emotion & effect: “That guy is irritating, he rubs me the
wrong way.” “Yeah, he can be abrasive. But you’re too sensitive, you need to develop
thicker skin.”
63. An animal often relates to conflict: You can bristle, get your back up, and stand your
ground. You might then go head to head and butt heads, or lock horns with someone. You
might be out for blood, smell blood, and draw blood. Or you might give ground, turn tail and
run, or lie down and roll over.
64. Attention, scrutiny & promotion can relate to explosion, light & dark, and sound. Most
Americans, and every child, delight in these three things simultaneously every Fourth of July.
Not necessarily dogs, or recent combat veterans. And so our internet influencers skyrocket to
success and things blow up on the internet.
65. For the younger generation, situation, time, and development have become a place. This
recognizes the ubiquitous use of “where” but in no way explains it.
66. A very contemporary language of justice and activism has arisen in the United States and
spread around the world. I have identified the following eight tropes: (1) Raising
consciousness, personal affirmation, ways to be positive, to reclaim previously demeaning
terms: “Stepping or leaning into one’s own truth,” “lived experience,” “Get woke, stay
woke,” agency, “Now that’s what I call fierce!” etc. (2) Physical and mental malaise, pain,
and danger: Black pain, the exhaustion and danger of driving while black, “low income and
marginalized students will suffer the most,” “the trauma of life that makes one want to fight,”
etc. (3) Presence and absence, visibility and invisibility, and erasure: “White people don’t see
us,” “They have been rendered invisible,” whitewashing, etc. (4) Like (people like us /
groups) and look like (look like me, etc.): “There aren’t a lot of people that look like us that
are on the air, there aren’t a lot of people with our voice and our experiences,” etc. (5) Space:
occupy space, reclaim or retake space, safe spaces, welcoming spaces, exclusive spaces for
women, gay spaces, etc. (6) Attention: “We’re a small minority, we had to make some
noise,” “Say it loud and say it proud,” “Say their names,” knee (take a knee), etc. (7)
Empowerment and representation: more hip-hop at Coachella, taking control of the
narrative, etc. (8) Inclusion and its controversies: questioning others’ Blackness, who gets to
use the N word, controversy over the expression of joy, performative allyship,
appropriation, tokenism, representation vs. equity, whether or not the fetishization of Black
hair trivializes Black people, “the contradictions and problems inherent to the politics of
representation,” etc.
This sort of language is collected and categorized in the thesaurus at inclusion & exclusion:
society. It acknowledges language like the following:
“I was exhausted with the culture of country music not ever creating space for people
who look like me. Both artists and fans are shut out from the industry, so I felt like it was
important to create a space where we felt safe and welcome.”
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That’s Holly G on why she created The Black Opry, an online platform. From “How Black
women reclaimed country and Americana music in 2021” by Andrea Williams, Marcus
Dowling, and Jewly Hight, NPR, December 14, 2021.
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Collocation
Why compile a dictionary of collocations for words used figuratively, and not just a thesaurus?
As Susan Hunston noted in a personal communication, “The crucial point that metaphoric uses
are distinguished by collocation has...been made, most notably by Prof Alice Deignan of Leeds
University.” Of course, every word is characterized by its collocations, and collocation is key for
use. But the collocations of words used figuratively and literally can differ.
Pitfall, entered in this work in hunting, and danger, and also walking, running & jumping, is
an interesting word and worth discussing in terms of collocation. Like many words, most of us
will only encounter this word in its figurative sense. People around the world still hunt and trap
for a living, but most of them use more modern methods. I can only imagine that it takes a lot of
work and time to dig a pitfall, unlike the fictional pitfall from “The Most Dangerous Game” by
Richard Connell, a short story I taught as the ESL co-teacher of a high-school language-arts
class. What I know about these old methods of catching animals comes from films like Chang: A
Drama of the Wilderness (1927) in which animals were most definitely harmed, or a book like
Dersu the Trapper by V.K. Arseniev, when he writes about ludevas, or game fences. As he
explains it, instinct impels an animal towards water or a salt lick. A game barrier prevents the
animal from going in the direction it wants to go. So the animal walks along the fence,
eventually coming to an opening in the fence it can get through. It is there that the trapper has
dug the pitfall, and the animal falls in.
The main collocating verbs for a literal pitfall would be dig, cover, fall into and fill in: a hunter
must first dig a pitfall and then cover it and hope that an animal falls into it, and when he leaves
the area, he should fill in the pitfall so as not to deplete the stock of game in a wasteful manner.
Like the word hole, adjectives might be deep or shallow. In a series with and or a comma linking
it to similar words, an attested example is “pitfalls, deadfalls, and snares.” Trap, pitfall, and
snare are often used figuratively, but deadfall seems to have fallen by the wayside.
For a figurative pitfall, important collocating verbs are: identify, avoid, navigate and skirt. This
makes sense as a series. Skate around, an attested example, makes me question the writer’s
mental image of an actual pitfall, even if skate is being used figuratively. A figurative pitfall can
await the unwary. Common adjectives for a figurative pitfall are almost always classifying: a
medical / clinical / diagnostic / constitutional / legal pitfall. (Our curriculums tend to do a
horrible job of teaching classifying adjectives.) Or adjectives relate to significance: biggest /
greatest / main / major / important pitfall. Or possibility and frequency: a common / possible /
potential pitfall. A common preposition for “pitfall + preposition” is in: pitfalls in diagnosis /
evaluation / interpretation / management, etc.
Similar words used figuratively to express danger include: bomb, booby trap, landmine, line of
fire, minefield, powder keg, and tripwire, all from the military domain. A less used but perfectly
apt word is “third rail” which refers to trains, electricity, and electrocution: “Social security
reform / gun control is the third rail of US politics.”
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Epithets
Most of us learned epithets like “Rosy Fingered Dawn” (The Iliad) and “The Whale Road” and
the “The Swan Road” (Beowulf) in high-school literature courses. In the early 1900s, when
whaling, walrusing and sealing were still big industries, writers would refer to important and
powerful men as the “great whales of their profession.” Times have changed. Nowadays, we use
epithets like “Mick (a blue terrier) is the Michael Jordan of the dog-show world” and “We know
that Bolivia / Afghanistan can become the Saudi Arabia of lithium” and “Majid Abdullah, the
Pele of the desert...” and “The fight against Tamil rebels was Sri Lanka’s Vietnam.” In this work
epithets are recorded in the dictionary, and they are collected in the thesaurus in the category
epithet.
Epithets commonly occur in the form, “the X of Y.” Mick (a blue terrier) is the Michael Jordan
of the dog-show world. The Pribilofs are known as the Galapagos of the North.
Alternatives include “(the) Adj + X.” The adjective might be an adjective of nationality. The
Haida Gwaii Islands have been referred to as the Canadian Galapagos. The Hawaiian Islands
Marine National Park is the American Galapagos. “He studied counterinsurgency at Duntroon,
the Australian West Point.” Or the adjective might be a color. In the early 19th century, in
northwestern Illinois, lead was referred to as gray gold. In the 19th century the white gold was
guano, in the 21st century it is lithium. Oil is frequently referred to as black gold, and so are the
wonderful Khawlani coffee beans, picked red but dried until black, in Saudi Arabia’s Jazan
province. And it is possible that the blue gold of the future will be bulk water shipments to arid
countries. Cobalt has also been referred to as “blue gold.”
Yet another pattern is “(the) Possessive s + X.” The coral Triangle has been called the Ocean’s
Amazon. “Why Eritrea is called Africa’s North Korea.” Hubei Province is China’s new Ruhr
Valley. The Bali bombing was Australia’s 9/11.
Epithets are commonly introduced by called: Why Eritrea is called Africa’s North Korea (The
Economist magazine); West Virginia has been called the Saudi Arabia of coal; the Great Bear
Rain Forest is often called the Amazon of the North; Cerén is sometimes called the Pompeii of
the New World (El Salvador); Borneo and its forests are sometimes called the lungs of Southeast
Asia.
Or there is the variation with so-called: Kamuzu Academy in Malawi is the so-called “Eaton of
Africa.”
Or considered (to be): the Andrea Doria is considered the Mount Everest of wreck diving;
Chulachomklao Royal Military Academy is considered to be Thailand’s West Point.
Described as can be used: the campaign is often described as the Stalingrad of the East (Battles
of Kohima and Imphal in World War II).
Or dubbed: Northern California’s Salinas Valley is often dubbed America’s salad bowl;
Xiyuangualu lychees were dubbed “the king of fruit”; Travis Patriquin has been dubbed the T.E.
Lawrence of Iraq.
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Known is quite common: he is known as Korea’s Great Gatsby for his lavish lifestyle (Big
Bang’s Seungri); the Pribilofs are known as the Galapagos of the North; Ibrahim Rugova was
known as the Gandhi of the Balkans; Bhutan, once known as the hermit kingdom of the
Himalayas; the crash landing became known as the Miracle on the Hudson (Flight 1549).
Or refer to can be used: Unesco’s citation refers to Lake Baikal as the “Galapagos of Russia”; El
Paso is often referred to as the Ellis Island of the Southwest.
Finally, said to be: the Palestinians are sometimes said to be the Jews of the Arab world.
Note the tendency for the use of the passive, and the various adverbs of frequency.
Epithets often relate / compare (1) people to people (Ibrahim Rugova was known as the Gandhi
of the Balkans) (2) geographical places and areas to geographical places and areas (Pipeline on
the North Shore of Oahu is the Mount Everest of surfing waves) (3) institutions to institutions
(Kamuzu Academy in Malawi is the so-called “Eaton of Africa”) and (4) events to events (the
Kuta Beach bombing was Australia’s 9/11).
Epithets can be quite thought provoking and the points of similarity (and dissimilarity) are
always open for discussion and debate.
Consider Vietnam used as an epithet. That war has been compared to Egypt’s intervention in
Yemen, which occurred at the same time; Soviet intervention in Afghanistan in the 1980s;
British involvement in that same country in 2006; and the Sri Lankan Civil War (1983-2009).
Both Colin Kaepernick and Meghan Rapinoe have been described as their generation’s
Muhammed Ali.
Such diverse peoples as Indo-Caribbean immigrants, Palestinians, Chinese, and Latinos have all
been characterized as Jews, respectively of the Caribbean, the Arab world, the Far East, and of
the 21st century. While the primary meaning relates to diaspora, nuances are certainly involved
in every case.
Epithets for geographical places are quite common. Beautiful cities are often compared to a
pearl: Manila, the Pearl of the Orient; Dubrovnik, the Pearl of the Adriatic, etc. One of my
favorite epithets is the one for Lake Baikal, “the Blue Eye of Siberia.” On the BBC news world
map, you can just see it to the east of the larger Black and Caspian Seas and the smaller Lake
Balkhash. My eye never fails to note it due to its beautiful epithet. In every respect it is an
amazing lake. It even has archipelagoes. I would love to visit the Blue Eye of Siberia one day.
Finally, epithets often relate to royalty: Aretha Franklin, the Queen of Soul; Pat’s King of
Steaks; John George Bartholomew, the Prince of Cartography. Or to the family: Mohammad Ali
Jinnah, the father of Pakistan; James Brown, the Godfather of Soul.
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Persons
A name for a person can figuratively relate to many things, especially a role. These names come
from a number of domains.
A person might relate to an occupation. A butcher is associated with oppression, warfare, and
slaughter, even though the friendly butchers at the supermarket where I buy my meat seem to be
perfectly normal, friendly and helpful folks. We should all be a good steward of the land, even if
we don’t work on ships, trains, or airplanes. You can be an ambassador without being a member
of the State Department, as Mike Tyson was when he visited China to promote boxing.
“Adjuncts are the field hands of education” doesn’t mean that adjuncts literally labor in the fields
and pick crops. It means that they stoop to gain employment, get their hands dirty teaching actual
classes, do all the heavy lifting, have little control over what they are paid, work seasonally, and
usually have to travel a lot.
The names for members of a family used figuratively is a large category, no surprise, as the
family is basic to every society. Some of the connotations seem as if they came from 19th
century England as written about by Dickens, or from fairy tales. An orphan is bereft: “We need
to develop orphan drugs for orphan diseases.” A stepchild is neglected: “Intelligence officers
have always held a stepchild position.” The favorite son is favored: “Obama was welcomed to
Ireland like a favorite son.” The stepmother is evil and hates the poor stepdaughter: “The EU is a
heartless stepmother trying to drive Greece out of the family.” Mother and father commonly
relate to creation: “Cokie Roberts, a founding mother of NPR” and “Ibrahim Rugova, the father
of Kosovo...” Is it any surprise that twin represents connection? “The South’s familiar twins,
temperature and humidity...”
When we talk about society, we often use the words outcast, leper or pariah for those who are
shunned and marginalized. Or castaway, like those poor unfortunates on Tromelin Island in the
Indian Ocean. Or hermit, for those who voluntarily or involuntarily withdraw, like the Japanese
hikikimori, or modern-day hermits.
Persons who are mentioned in regards to the future and making predictions include fortuneteller,
oracle, prophet, soothsayer, and seer.
From the experience many of us had in our grade school and tweens and teens come babysitter,
bully, coach, chaperon, cheerleader, den mother, golden girl / boy and grownup.
And many persons come from the domain of religion: acolyte, choirboy, convert, crusader,
devotee, disciple, evangelist, guru, heretic, iconoclast, martyr, missionary, oracle, prophet, and
soothsayer. A subset of these persons relate to message, no surprise, as every religion has its
message.
All of the italicized words in this section have their entries in the dictionary, along with their
collocations and exemplary sentences or fragments.
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The “container” metaphor
An expression like, “He has love / hatred in his heart for...” serves to remind us that the heart can
be thought of as a container, just like a pitcher or a glass, based on the preposition in.
We have cognitive linguists to thank for identifying the container metaphor, and any ESL / EFL
teacher will recognize its explanatory worth for idioms related to the heart, such as “I poured my
heart into the job,” “I poured my heart out to her,” “She fills my heart with joy and laughter,”
“The government wants to instill / put fear into the people’s hearts,” “They have goodness / hate
/ joy in their hearts,” “We’re going to hold / keep Lori Piestewa in our hearts forever,” etc.
Idioms like these do not seem so arbitrary, random or odd when we think of the heart as being a
container.
A situation is often thought of as a container: I got in / into trouble and I don’t know how to get
out. I’m in the doghouse at work. I got in hot water with the boss. We’re in a tight spot.
Feelings and emotions can be thought of as being inside a container: Don’t hold it in. Don’t
bottle it up. Pent-up frustrations can lead to violence. Open up. Let it out. I felt drained / empty. I
felt a sense of emptiness (depression).
The container metaphor, while extremely interesting and useful, is not perfect. For example, the
mind is a container in an expression like, “What do you have in mind?” or “He is close-minded,”
or “Try to keep an open mind.” But the mind can be more like a platform in an expression like
“What’s on your mind?” This can be discussed with students.
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Grammatical metaphor, fictive verbs, etc.
Angela Downing, in English Grammar: A University Course (Third Edition), devotes Chapter 27
to grammatical metaphor. She explains what that is, and gives good explanations for
restatements that are not “typical.” She also gives excellent examples in that chapter, such as
“Our evening walk along the river took us to Henley” and “August 12 found the travellers in
Rome” (her examples) in which take and find are not used in their normal senses. Based on her
work, I have included the following categories:
Fictive communication verbs include: say, tell, read, and telegraph. “The sign said, “Do not
enter.” “The data told us there was a problem.” “His watch read 2 PM” “The film telegraphs to
the audience that...” Read especially collocates with gauges and dials. There are many more
verbs like these.
Fictive motion. These verbs include go, run, and follow and are used for things like paths, trails,
rivers, roads, ropes, etc. that are essentially lines. Of course, there are many more such verbs. In
her wonderful article, “Fictive motion in the context of mountaineering,” Ekaterina Egorova
identifies over 70 fictive motion verbs from the world of mountaineering.
Fictive position. These are verbs that relate to position: stand, sit and lie. “The house sat on a
hill,” “A lamp stood in the corner,” “The city lies in a valley.” They make a nice teaching set and
can be taught as alternatives when we teach the “there” construction lesson.
Fictive meeting & seeing includes verbs like meet, encounter, find, see, and witness. This takes
care of Downing’s examples, “August 12 found the travellers in Rome,” and “The last decade
has witnessed an unprecedented rise in agricultural technology.” An attested example included in
this work is, “23 May saw over 250 climbers trying to summit Mount Everest.” Clearly, the use
of find, see, and witness collocates with a date or period of time at the subject position.
Fictive possession includes verbs like capture, grab, grip, hold, possess, and seize. “Now that
we have captured your imagination, don’t make us come after the rest of you” is a clever TV
advertisement from the Eastern Band of the Cherokee Indian Nation promoting tourism.
Fictive transportation verbs include ones like take, carry, transport, bring, etc. This is how I
have categorized “Our evening walk along the river took us to Henley.”
The Part of speech category collects words not used in their traditional part of speech, including
nominalizations of verbs, a very important feature of grammatical metaphor, according to
Downing. Five contemporary and popular examples include “It looks bad” / “That’s not a good
look”; “When will she reveal her secret?” / “When will she make the big reveal?”; “What you
request will be difficult to fulfill” / “That’s a big ask,” ; “Chris Boswell doesn’t panic” / “Chris
Boswell doesn’t do panic” ; and “The company failed” / “It was a stunning fail (aeronautical
software).”
The idea of grammatical metaphor helps us notice, explain and teach these usages.
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Past, present and future
We tend to think of the past & present and the future as lessons on grammar. But there are
plenty of figurative and metaphorical ways to express the past, present and future, and they are
all worth thinking about and mentioning to students.
A day can represent past, present and future. When we speak of the present, we can speak of
these days and nowadays. And when we speak of the past, we can say those days, or the old
days, or back in the day. When we speak of the future, we can say, “Tomorrow...”
The past, present and future is often thought of as movement based on a point of view. The
statements, “Winter is approaching / coming / on the way” and “the big day has arrived” imply
that things in the future come towards us. And that might be along a road: “When you don’t
know what’s coming down the pike, you worry.” We commonly use this idea for scheduled
events like deadlines, holidays, anniversaries, birthdays, seasons, etc. The idea is also expressed
in statements like “We will have to stay here for a time to come” and “There might be problems
in the coming months.”
But it can also seem like it is we who are moving toward the future: “We are approaching /
coming up on the fifth anniversary of...,” etc. And “we” can be extended to inanimate things we
would ordinarily never think of moving: “The region is heading towards war.”
Sometimes our forward movement makes it seem like we have all embarked on journeys &
trips: “Nobody knows what is on the road ahead.” “Your job will get easier down the road.”
And time can relate to things, like the horizon: “War is on the horizon.” Or a crystal ball and
fortune teller, especially in relation to predictions. The past can relate to a clock: “We don’t want
to turn back the clock.” Or a time capsule. Or a fossil or dinosaur for something or someone old-
fashioned.
Like the idea of heart mentioned above, we can think of the future as a container: “Nobody
knows what is in the future.” “I wonder what the future holds.”
Way back in 1836 Emerson wrote, “Visible distance behind and before us, is respectively our
image of memory and hope.” (Nature, Chapter 4, “Language.”) No doubt he was thinking of
expressions like “Looking back on my life...” or “I’m looking forward to the wedding...” This
sounds very much like the PAST IS BEHIND EGO and FUTURE IS IN FRONT OF EGO metaphors of
today’s cognitive linguists.
I developed a special interest in Saudi Arabia in teaching language relating to the past, present
and future. That is because, like many places in the world, Saudi Arabia is modernizing swiftly
but unevenly. The past, present and future can all seem to exist in the same place at the same
time. Generations, tribes, areas of the country, and even young men of the same age who grew
up in the same place and tribe may be more modern, or less modern. As a teacher I donned the
role of an elder, and would often make my students laugh by referring to myself as a fossil, or a
dinosaur.
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Allusions
In this work a list of allusions in contemporary use can be found at allusion, allusions to history
can be found at history, and allusions can also be noticed in the epithet category.
Adjectives that we often use for size are allusions: behemoth, Brobdingnagian, colossal,
gargantuan, Goliath, leviathan, Lilliputian, Olympian, Pharaonic, jumbo, etc. On National
Public Radio, I recently heard a commentator refer to Joe Biden as a political behemoth, which
created an image in my mind that made me laugh. The word jumbo comes from the name of an
Ethiopian elephant exhibited in the US and Canada by P.T. Barnum.
Other allusions come from old stories and children’s stories. The Goldilocks fairytale has given
us the modifier Goldilocks with the meaning of “just right” or “the sweet spot”: the Goldilocks
economy / place / principle / zone, etc. Cinderella relates to success in a phrase like “The school
has become a viral Cinderella story.”
Several allusions to Homer and the Iliad and the Odyssey can be found in this work in the
category Iliad & Odyssey. Five of them are very common: odyssey (the Mars Odyssey); Trojan
horse (viruses, worms and Trojan Horses in computing); Achilles’ heel (the knees are the skiers’
Achilles’ heel); epic (an epic day of surfing at Waimea Bay); and siren (seduced by the siren call
of technology). These allusions will be remembered long after the details are forgotten of where
each ship came from and who slew whom in what order.
In these strange times of fake news and the internet, it is interesting to consider contemporary
allusions to fantasy & reality: curiouser and curiouser; El Dorado; heffalump (creature);
Kafkaesque (adj), never-never land; quixotic (adj); rabbit hole; Twilight Zone; and Walter Mitty.
Three of these allude to Alice in Wonderland.
And contemporary allusions to oppression include: draconian; Gestapo; inquisition; Lord of the
Flies; McCarthy; McCarthyism, McCarthyite; Orwellian; pitchfork (oppression); procrustean;
reign of terror / fear; and witch-hunt.
Allusions reflect our more-or-less shared knowledge, memory, history, culture, and education.
Explaining allusions gives us a chance to teach and talk about many things besides just grammar
and vocabulary, including the biography and history of Jumbo the elephant.
In a North Carolina teacher-training class, an old biddy exhorted us to “go out and be the Johnny
Appleseed of books!” I took her exhortation to heart and am grateful to her for her advice.
In Saudi Arabia I was constantly amazed at what my Saudi military students knew and didn’t
know when it came to allusions.
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Euphemisms
In this work a list of current euphemisms can be found in the category euphemism. We
commonly use euphemisms for death, sex, the body and bodily functions, and mental illness.
Euphemism is part and parcel of the technology we now cannot live without: “cookies,” “The
marketing industry calls them beacons or tags, critics describe them as being spy pixels,” etc.
And in US politics: “The Affordable Care Act,” even if many can’t afford it, and the cheery
sounding “Build Back Better Act”—would anyone build back worse? Of course in the military
and policing. The old political correctness movement is responsible for a whole host of
euphemisms: “crippled,” perfectly acceptable back in the day, has morphed to handicapped,
challenged, inconvenienced, and differently abled, along with the attendant discussion and
controversy along the way. People rail against the use of “retarded,” except, perhaps, at the
Supreme Court, where a legal determination of retardation will save a murderer from execution.
The photographer Thomas Joshua Cooper has noted, “The cardinal points are always,
historically, metaphors...” In the early part of the 20th century, “to go West” meant the
destruction of a thing or the death of a person. A member of a tank crew in World War I wrote,
“It’s a mile to your objective now, but it’s a mile of thrills... A one-pounder in a hedge scares
you with several well-placed shots before it ‘goes west’ [is destroyed].” Paul De Kruif, in his
book about public health titled Men Against Death, published in 1932, wrote about two doctors
who had died: “In 1912 it [Rocky Mountain spotted fever] had sneaked into [Dr. Thomas B.]
McClintic ... The Montana doctor, McCray...woke up with bloodshot eyes and an ache in his
bones. In ten days McCray had gone West to join McClintic.”
Why west? What was the origin of this euphemism? I am speculating, but I think it might have to
do with the idea of migration in its most broadest sense, of moving on. In the 19th century,
America was on the move, settling the continent to the Pacific. There were many dangers,
including disease, weather, violence, and accidents, especially drownings at river crossings. In
Ordeal of the Union, Allan Nevins tells of the son of John James Audubon comforting a dying
cholera victim on a wagon train in the Rio Grande Valley. “What hurts you, Ham?” Audubon
asked. “My wife and children hurt me, Mr. John,” the man replied. Even if the pioneers survived,
they might never be seen or heard from again back East. It would have been like they went West
and died.
Nowadays, nobody uses the euphemism “to go West” to mean that somebody has died or
something as been destroyed. “South” and “north,” however, continue to be used figuratively:
each one with numbers, and the former in respect to failure, accident & impairment and
decline. In this work, interesting quotations relating to the cardinal directions as metaphors can
be found at direction (symbol).
Contemporary euphemisms for death include: “He has passed (on).” We mourn his passing.”
“He is no longer with us.” “He has gone away (too soon).” “He is gone.” “We salute the fallen.”
“He gave his life.” “He lost his life.” “The suspect is deceased.” “He succumbed to the injuries
on the way to the hospital,” “He was pronounced,” etc. That last is astonishing, as it simply
drops the predicate adjective dead, as though mentioning that word would be impolite.
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Very sinister euphemisms relate to hygiene. I taught English in Kosovo, and the phrase, “Ethnic
cleansing” always makes me shiver. If you make the trek to Ibrahim Rugova’s grave—a
beautiful, peaceful spot high up on a hill overlooking Pristina on one side and the countryside on
the other, where there is a park where mothers bring their babies and children to play and where
the elderly sit—on the walk up your will noticed a plaque commemorating the victims of a
massacre. Such plaques are ubiquitous across Kosovo. And on a street alongside that park, there
is a villa with a plaque identifying the villa as a place for the rehabilitation of torture victims...
While looking up at a window, I thought I saw a curtain move, and my hair turned greyer. Once,
on the walk down, I noticed a parked UN van and stopped to examine the sign on its side. The
van belonged to a forensic team that located the graves of executed Kosovars and tried to
identify the victims. The U.S. Fulbright Scholar at the university once said to me, “Why is there
a statue of a KLA guy with a Kalashnikov downtown? Why can’t they just get over it and move
on?” All I could think was, “Back home we’re still fighting the Civil War.”
The military is well known for euphemisms. When a military airplane crashed through the roof
of a civilian warehouse here in the U.S, a military spokesman said, “We have secured the
armaments package, which will be properly disposed of. Safety is our utmost priority.” An
aggressive reporter got him to belligerently admit that the “armaments package” consisted of live
rounds and missiles, which thankfully had not gone off in the fire. It is worth noting that
Americans troops have not been bombed from the air by enemy airplanes since the Korean War.
We have been very very lucky.
In the extraordinary documentary film A Sniper’s War the following exchange occurs: “What
does it mean ‘to do your job’?” / “To get rid of their snipers and gunners, so that our infantry can
move ahead.” / “What does it mean ‘get rid ‘ of them?” / “To eliminate. To kill.” In a report
about an ISIS cell, a reporter said, “The other two suspected members of this ISIS cell, by the
way, they are already off the board. Uh, the ringleader... was killed in a drone strike in 2015, and
the other was captured in Turkey, where he was tried, convicted and sentenced to prison...”
In the U.S., the police are a paramilitary organization, with corresponding language, as
exemplified by an extract from a press release: “The officer involved in this particular OIS was
wearing his BWC, which captured the OIS as it occurred... In the coming days, the... Department
will be releasing our second Critical Incident Community Briefing, explaining what occurred
during the OIS on July 5, 2019.” From such language you would never guess that the press
release concerned the case of a 17-year-old girl who was shot to death after being pulled over for
speeding. (An OIS is an officer-involved shooting and a BWC is a body-worn camera.)
Similarly, a police spokesman recently told reporters, “Our special assignments unit, also known
as the SWAT Team, responded and attempted to work towards a tactical resolution of the
incident...” During this “incident,” nine cops were shot or hit by shrapnel in an ambush, two
people died, and a baby was rescued from a doorstep.
Even public officials grow sick and tired of their euphemisms. Police Chief James Cervera of the
Virginia Beach Police Department said the following at a press conference, after a mass shooting
on May 31, 2019.
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“Right now we have a lot of questions. The whys, they will come later. Right now, we have more
questions really than we have answers. We are a little more than two hours into this event. And
we use the word event, that’s a cop term, this devastating incident that happened, that none of us
want to be here talking about, this devastating incident which is going to change the lives of a
number of families from our city.”
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Gestures and bodily reactions
In 1836 Emerson wrote, “supercilious [means] the raising of the eyebrow (Nature, Chapter 4,
“Language”). Using his pattern, we could say that attention means the turning of the head,
confusion the scratching of the head, surprise the popping of the eyes, etc.
Every culture has its gestures, and gestures are an important nonverbal way to communicate.
Gestures can relate to such basic meanings as signaling yes and no, or signaling a moving car to
stop for you. I once noticed a book at a yard sale with the interesting title How To Speak Italian.
Curious because it was so thin and one of my brothers lives in Italy, I picked it up and opened it
up. It simply consisted of photographs of Italians making gestures, with text explaining what
those gestures meant. I laughed, because it does seem to me that the Italians have a lot of unique
gestures.
But gestures, and the meaning of those gestures that are lexicalized in language, are not shared in
every country. A person who reads, “He received the thumbs up on his proposal” must know that
“thumbs up” refers to a positive judgment to understand the message. A person who reads, “His
statement left a lot of people scratching their heads” must know that the gesture relates to
incomprehension, even though no one actually does it. A person who hears, “I’ll keep my fingers
crossed,” must know that that gesture relates to hope and fate. Or that “to roll up one’s sleeves”
means to get to work (not every culture wears clothing similar to ours.) Language associated
with gestures or a bodily reaction can confuse even those within the same country. For example,
a Northerner in the US might take a second to process the meaning of a statement like, “When I
heard what happened, I got chill bumps,” as said by a person from the southern Appalachians.
And gestures and particularly bodily reactions are often used to express emotional effect. If the
performance of a person in a play was wonderful, I might say it was breathtaking or it took my
breath away. If it was boring, I might say it was a big yawn. If it was horrible for some reason, I
might say it made me retch.
The importance of gesture in communication is an important part of the online experience. In
text language, smh stands for “shaking my head,” and in 2015 a face-with-rolling-eyes Emoji
became available. LMAO is an example of hyperbole.
Everyone nowadays should be knowledgeable about gestures. The thumbs-up symbol does not
mean the same thing in every culture. In recent years the okay sign—the sign formed by making
a circle with the thumb and index finger, has become an Alt-right meme. Using it in certain
contexts nowadays can have repercussions. In academia, eye-rolling can be considered a sign of
patriarchy and a micro-aggression, which causes some to roll their eyes. In different cultures,
winking can have a meaning you might not suspect. Pointing at a person or snapping your
fingers may or may not be appropriate.
For a listing of gestures and bodily reactions that have been lexicalized in American English, see
gesture and bodily reaction in the thesaurus. It is quite a large category and a rather important
one, I think.
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Shapes and parts-whole
How is a graph like the landscape? Well, both have peaks and valleys and plateaus. In addition, a
graph can have a spike, and the line might be in in the shape of a bell curve, or characterized as
carrying a long tail. Peaks, valleys, plateaus, spikes, bells and tails are not just things, but shapes.
In the dictionary I use, the horn of an animal is the first sense. “Shaped like or suggesting” is the
seventh sense. The tenth sense is geological: a horn is a geological feature. The Matterhorn,
geologically speaking, is a horn. In case you are wondering, the musical instrument is the eighth
sense. And that is the sense that we always teach.
Many simple words we teach have the meaning of “resembling or having the shape of” or
“suggesting” or “regarded as like.” Examples are everywhere.
The alphabet: A-frame; T-bone; T-bar; V-neck; Z-drag.
Traffic and roads: bottleneck; dogleg; hairpin, T-intersection, U-turn, washboard (road).
Body shapes: heart (heart-shaped face); hourglass figure / waist; pear (pear-shaped body).
Parts of the body: A plane has a nose, tail, and belly. A bed has a foot and a head. A chair can
have legs, a back and arms. Needles, potatoes, coconuts, and hurricanes all have eyes. A
mountain range has foothills.
Words relating to shapes often appear in geographical place names: the banana belt; the Parrot’s
Beak (Cambodia and Guinea); the boot of Italy; the Wakhan Corridor; the Eye of the Sun (in
Monument Valley, Arizona); the Horn of Africa; the Florida panhandle; Ribbon Reef; Table
Mountain (Cape Town); the Coral / Afar Triangle; Wave Rock (western Australia), etc.
Younger teachers might not know what the washboard in a washboard road refers to. But I can
remember my mother using one, as well as an electric wringer, and a clothes line.
While I was teaching a high-school ESL lesson based on the map, a Honduran girl told me,
“Chile is shaped like a chili.” It was something I had never heard before and have never
forgotten. Truly, the students teach the teacher.
In the dictionary I use, the very first main entry is A, and the first sense defines it as a letter. The
second main entry is also A, and the first sense defines it as a shape. It is like that for every letter
thereafter. The letters are not just letters, they are shapes.
Here’s a wonderful riddle: What has bridges, canals, cavities, clefts, fissures, floors, isthmuses,
lakes, mounds, orbits, pipes, pits, roofs, tubes, and walls, but is not anything related to the earth
or a building? A hint: the answer is closer than you think. Answer: the human body! This riddle
makes us realize that the body has many parts resembling terrain features and infrastructure.
“Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowly across the
fields...” That’s a line from “Marrakech” by Eric Blair. I can see them.
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Animacy
Anthropomorphism has been a feature of literature for ages. Anthropomorphic animal stories are
as ancient as Aesop and include favorites like White Fang by Jack London and “Rikki-Tikki-
Tavi” by Rudyard Kipling. Only once in Saudi Arabia, many years ago, did a very literal-minded
student rebuke me for telling an animal story. “An animal can talk?” he said frowning, raising an
eyebrow. I am pretty sure his classmates told him to shut up, and I finished telling the story.
Traditionally in English things like a ship could be referred to as she. “Shelf life” is a relatively
old term, and products have been referred to as a family and “first generation / second
generation” for quite a long time. But the idea that technology is not only alive but sentient used
to be relegated to science fiction. One thinks of HAL from the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey.
Well, 2001 has come and gone, and almost anything can be animate and sentient nowadays. The
first obituary for a non-human being that I ever read was written by Henry Fountain way back in
2010 and appeared in The New York Times newspaper under the title, “ABE, Pioneering Robotic
Undersea Explorer, Is Dead at 16.” I can still remember how surprised and delighted I was by the
conceit. Extension? Now inanimate objects, like wheat, can have “biographies.” And nothing
prevents a creative writer from writing an autobiography of... a flea (1887). The Island of
Missing Trees by Elif Shafak, I read in a review, includes a sentient fig tree that partly narrates
the story of two lovers.
Now technology is dumb, smart, or brilliant and can even teach itself (AI). One goal of the
Internet companies has been to habituate everyone, especially children, to address machines as
though they were people. They have given their virtual assistants names like Siri, Alexa and
Cortana and encouraged us to ask them questions, as if that were normal. They have succeeded
completely.
“Roaring Meg (an English Civil Wars-era mortar) resides at Goodrich Castle...” “Recent
investigation has found that the annual Great Whirl in the southwest Arabian sea has an average
life span of 198 days.” “So where did you find this comet, where is it living?” “We climb where
the avalanche lives.” “A cave breathes...”
Devotees, enthusiasts and experts, naturally enough, seem more prone to this kind of
personification than the rest of us.
• Laird Hamilton has said, “Jaws doesn’t like a north swell,” and he ought to know.
• Colin Tudge wrote, “I met one in full bloom early one sunny July morning in the
Cambridge University Botanic Garden.” Tudge was referring to a handkerchief tree.
• In the same way, Linda Mapes wrote, “The tree first came into my life along with John
O’Keefe, a biologist...”
• Dr. Jeffrey B. Johnson, a Boise State volcanologist and National Geographic Explorer
studying the Masaya Volcano in Nicaragua, explained, “Volcanoes like to speak in low-
frequency sounds that humans can’t perceive called infrasound. So we developed sensors
that we can deploy to listen to the volcanos talk to us.”
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• An official at the Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC,
once said, “So the decision was made a number of years ago to take him off display and
put him in storage... To have that step forward, just slightly, gives him more of a
presence.” He was talking about Neil Armstrong’s spacesuit!
• Dr. Catherine Walker from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution said the following
about an iceberg: “I always watch A23 because we’re the same age. It calved in 1986 and
it’s started to wiggle recently.” (“How a colossal block of ice became an obsession” by
Jonathan Amos, BBC, 15 Jan 2022.)
• In 1989, after a deranged person tried to kill the Treaty Oak in Austin with poison, Texas,
thousands of kids addressed letters to the tree with messages like, “We’re sorry this
happened, get well soon.”
• In 2021, an adult homeowner in Kensington, New Hampshire, had to have the largest
sugar maple in the state cut down because it had begun to rot and threatened her roof. She
said, “She’s just at the end of her life. She is finally being euthanized. It’s unsafe and it’s
not fair to her to let her stand out there and not be as beautiful as she always has been.
I’m sad to see her go. It’s very emotional.”
• Finally, “Typically a sled dog will tell you, when they’re ready to retire. People always
say, well dogs can’t talk, and that never makes sense to me, because I feel like they
actually talk very clearly about what they want and what they need if you’re listening.”
(Blair Braverman, dogsledder, about her dogs.)
I suspect that I am not the only person in the world to have said, “Thank you” at the automatic
bank teller machine after withdrawing a little cash, or to have secretly feel relieved and grateful
when “approved” appears on the machine that reads my debit card, or to mutter, “Okay, okay,”
when the bossy self-scanner at the store tells me to make sure I have picked up my change, as if I
would ever forget! That same scanner, which ends up saying, “Thank you for shopping at X,”
might just be responsible for the sad death of “You’re welcome.” Just the other day the
supermarket employ scanning my groceries at the checkout counter muttered “Come on, come
on” when the scanner was momentarily unable to read a bar code of a particular item. Her tone
was both irritated and imploring. I was waiting. There were people behind me.
It is common to give inanimate and non-human objects agency. A common pattern is as follows:
“I hadn’t planned to write a book on this topic, but the topic chose me.”
• The extraordinary Bernard Tomic said, “Tennis chose me. It’s something I never fell in
love with.”
• The last line of Jim Bouton’s “gripping” baseball book, Ball Four, is: “You see, you
spend a good piece of your life gripping a baseball, and in the end it turns out that it was
the other way around.”
• Seize has a similar idea, in an expression like, “This idea that math was beautiful seized
Paul Dirac.”
• In the film Xiu Xiu, the Sent Down Girl, Xiu Xiu asks Lao Jin, “Are you really going to
spend your entire life raising horses?” and Lao Jin replies, “They raise me, too.”
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• “Some say that humans domesticated wheat; others that wheat domesticated humans.”
(“Flour Fixated” by Bee Wilson, London Review of Books, 24 September 2020.)
• David Benioff and DB Weiss, the writers of Game of Thrones, said, “When George
Lucas built [Star Wars], he built us too.”
• In a similar vein, and nicely qualified: “If it’s possible for a place to save a life Sils-Maria
saved Nietzsche’s.”
• The great actor Peter O’Toole said, “The part chooses me, I don’t choose it.”
• A Japanese saying has it, “With the first glass a man drinks wine, with the second glass
the wine drinks the wine, with the third glass the wine drinks the man.” Many of us have
been there before!
• Another proverb like that, common in Saudi Arabia, says,” A miser does not own money;
money owns the miser.”
• I like what Winston Churchill said when he urged that the House of Commons, bombed
in the war, should be re-created as an exact replica: “We shape our buildings and
afterwards our buildings shape us.”
• In New Zealand and Bangladesh, rivers have been recognized as living entities and
granted the same legal rights as persons.
There must be a bit of the animist in all of us. Colin Tudge’s quote above about “meeting” a
handkerchief tree makes me think of what Fran James, a Lummi Indian, said about gathering
bark from a cedar tree for a basket. “We talk to the trees. We say, ‘OK, we need some of your
bark to help us; we’ll make something beautiful.’ You have to talk to it and thank it for giving
you the bark. You have to go with a good heart. You can’t be cranky and fussy.” V. K. Arseniev
once recorded Dersu on an early phonograph and played it back to him. Dersu listened,
unsurprised to hear his own voice, and said, “Him talk true, not leave one word.”
See the dictionary entries for born and live and die (non-human).
On NPR, a person was talking recently about his favorite song. He said, “I’ll say I probably
listen to this song a few times each week, whether it’s in the car or just telling Alexa to play it.
There’s a story...” Suddenly, the voice of Alexa broke in: “Sorry. I don’t know that one.” And
the interviewee went on, “I’m sorry, that was Alexa that said that, um...” before continuing to
talk about his favorite song. This was not a toddler or a pet humorously upstaging an
interviewee. This was Alexa. Interestingly, Alexa’s intrusion seemed to have made the
interviewee lose his chain of thought and forget about the story he was about to tell. (“An NPR
Listener Shares His Signature Song,” NPR, Weekend Edition Saturday, July 20, 2019.)
The first obituary I read for a machine was in 2010. The first time I heard a personal assistant
intrude into a nationally broadcast radio show was in 2019. What’s next?
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Persistence, survival and endurance
Isn’t it interesting that people who have never hunted or trapped and who have never seen an
actual pitfall much less dug one or filled one in still use the word? That medical textbooks list
“pitfalls” in treatment? The use of a word like pitfall is a perfect example of how older
technologies and activities and periods of life have disappeared yet persist in the language.
In 1870, railroading was the second largest occupation in the US, behind farming, and grist mills
used to dot our streams and rivers. Things have certainly changed! Even so, the category of
figurative language from the category train and farming & agriculture is huge, the term “grist
for the mill,” is still popular, and “term-paper mills” proliferate on the internet. Few send letters
or postcards nowadays, but NPR still has “audio postcards,” and a book like Deacon King Kong
by the great writer James McBride can be described as a “love letter to New York City.”
Honestly, who sends love letters nowadays?
At one time in our history the horse was king of the road and bicycles, electric trains and cars
shared the road with them, not vice versa. On May 3, 1908, a headline in The New York Times
screamed: “J. B. SCHUCHMAN HURT IN A RUNAWAY / Horse He had Just Bought for
Speedway Parade Dashes into a Trolley Car. / JUDGE THROUGH A WINDOW / Lands in the
Lap of Little Girl Passenger and Both Are Cut by Glass—Horse Breaks His Leg.” Nowadays in
New York City about the only reminders from that era are fading ghost signs on brick walls with
messages like: TO LET / CARRIAGES COUPES HANSOMS VICTORIAS LIGHT WAGONS
/ HORSES BOARD BY THE MONTH.”
Things have changed. Yet everyone still uses and understands language associated with horses. I
was lucky as a boy: my grandfather had a horse, and I have fond memories of riding him along
country roads and swimming him through the leech-infested pond below my grandpa’s shack.
You have to cling on tightly to the mane of a horse when riding bareback, especially when the
horse arises out of the water up a steep bank. Words like runaway and reins and bridle and
saddle and gallop are used figuratively nowadays in a sentence like, “We have got to find a way
to rein in galloping inflation,” but for me those words will always have a psychological reality. It
is not easy to be a small boy in control a very large wayward horse. I know that.
After 1958 more people crossed the Atlantic by plane than boat, yet figurative language related
to boats will always persist: the spaceship and spaceport pay homage to sailing ships, and our old
space shuttles were named for famous ships associated with great explorers: the Challenger,
Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavour.
Today, when we think of wireless communication we think of the internet, not Marconi and
wireless telegraphy. But “Internet communication has its roots in the wireless rooms aboard the
great ocean liners,” as Kat Long has noted. I used to have a fading yellow and black Western
Union telegram I sent my parents from the Queen Elizabeth in a folder I labeled “My favorite
things.” It may still be there. In January, in 1971, at Fort Knox, Kentucky, I took lessons in
Morse Code with many others; the military phased out most training in it long ago, but a boxer
can still telegraph a punch, or a movie a plot point. The telegraph lives on in the language, and
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the SOS—three longs and three shorts, whether pounding a rock on a wall, or blinking your
eyes—is still relevant to this very day, for those who still know.
Religiosity has had its ups and downs in the US and elsewhere, but figurative language relating
to religion will never disappear, no matter how secular the world becomes. And this especially
relates to topography: in every country there is a Devils Backbone (Espinazo del Diablo),
Courthouse (Majlis al Jinn), Falls, Highway, Pulpit, Throne, etc. And every religion has
contributed words to English: fetish (West Africa), taboo (South Seas); Delphic, muse, oracle,
Pandora’s box, soothsayer (pagan); karma, juggernaut, sacred cow, guru, mantra, avatar
(Hindu); mecca and hegira (Islam); kowtow (Confucianism); mantra (Buddhism), etc.
We Americans pride ourselves on our anti-monarchical revolution but we still and forever will
link the idea of royalty with the superlative in epithets like “Aretha Franklin, the Queen of
Soul,” “Burger King,” “Mattress King,” and the prom / 4H king and queen. I once attended a
country-themed restaurant in Atlanta with family members. My brother-in-law held his young
son up to a portrait of Elvis Presley and told him, “Say hello to the King.” We all laughed. Many
persons associated with royalty are used figuratively, less obvious ones including whipping boy
and handmaiden. Just because we had a revolution doesn’t mean we reject royalty.
At one time spitjack was a job category and there was a dog, Canis vertigus, that was actually
bred to turn a spit. Nowadays inserting a spit, once a common task, is a lost art. But the verb
skewer will always exist, in the sense,” We skewered him at the comedy roast.” Of course, there
are many words used figuratively that come from the category of food & drink. Likewise, there
were once hundreds of job categories related to the manufacture of cloth that are anachronistic
now in my adopted state of North Carolina. And yet, figurative language associated with cloth
persists.
Above, I mentioned my mother using a washboard. A washboard, a tub, and a then-modern
electric wringer sat on the porch of a house I once lived in as a boy. Once I got my arm stuck in
that wringer and had to be taken to the hospital. The pale scar on the inside of my arm just below
my left elbow is a reminder that a part of me went through the wringer...literally! After my
mother had scrubbed the laundry on the washboard, and wrung it in the electric wringer, she
would hang it on a clothesline to dry. As a boy, I was literally clotheslined once while riding my
bicycle, and when I got bigger and older the same thing happened on the football field, and
“clothesline injuries” are an important part of emergency medicine. Finally I would watch her
iron out the wrinkles with an electric iron. In the very old days before electricity, a clothes iron
was filled with coals from a fire, and the woman would moisten a sheet by spitting water on it.
Most of us don’t go through this process anymore to clean our clothes. But these words
associated with laundry and many others persist. And so we try to iron out the wrinkles in a plan
and politicians come up with a “laundry list” of reforms to deal with the problems of the day.
In ancient times, when I was a boy, I can remember drinking from a public water cooler when
that was a boon, to be able to slake my thirst with free, thirst-quenching, life-giving water. Who
drinks from a public watercooler anymore? Nowadays, office people buy their own brands and
flavors of water, and everyone from joggers and hikes to athletes and soldiers drink from
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camelbacks. After the scandal of Flint, Michigan, who would trust water from a watercooler?
Not to mention that, in this time of COVID, everyone is working from home, and this will no
doubt continue post-pandemic. Who needs a watercooler to as a gathering place to communicate
with anyone when we can simply text one another? And yet, cultural critics still talk about
“watercooler shows” and “watercooler gossip.” As a practice, meeting for a cold, free cup of
water at a watercooler and exchanging gossip is as dead as the dodo. But, like the dodo, it lives
on in our language. It lives on. It lives. For all of our acceptance of the new, trendy contempo-
speak language, maybe we should acknowledge and pay a bit of homage to the old language that
has persisted.
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Quotations
There are many wonderful quotes relating to or utilizing metaphor and figurative language.
Following are six that are meaningful to me.
1. “Words are signs of natural facts... Right means straight; wrong means twisted. Spirit
primarily means wind; transgression, the crossing of a line; supercilious, the raising of
the eyebrow. We say the heart to express emotion, the head to denote thought... / An
enraged man is a lion, a cunning man is a fox, a firm man is a rock, a learned man is a
torch. A lamb is innocence; a snake is subtle spite; flowers express to us the delicate
affections. Light and darkness are our familiar expression for knowledge and ignorance;
and heat for love. Visible distance behind and before us, is respectively our image of
memory and hope. / Who looks upon a river in a meditative hour and is not reminded of
the flux of all things? Throw a stone into the stream, and the circles that propagate
themselves are the beautiful type of all influence...” (Nature, Chapter 4 (Language), by
Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1836.)
I like the above because in a short space Emerson lists beautifully and concisely so many
metaphors. The “circles that propagate themselves” is entered in this dictionary at ripple.
A related word is splash. Both words are metaphors for effect that relate to water.
2. “It was doubtless an ingenious idea to call the camel the ship of the desert, but it would
hardly lead one far in training that useful beast.” (George Eliot’s The Mill on the Floss.)
The above quote reminds me that, while a metaphor identifies something that two things
have in common, plenty of things are still different. A ship does not have long eyelashes,
has not been branded, does not roar, gurgle, bellow, foam from the mouth to the point of
producing airborne balloons of saliva, attract huge spiders, produce delicious and healthy
milk and meat, etc. “The camel is a ship?” a Saudi military student remarked to me once,
disapprovingly.
And people will see things differently, as in the parable of the “Blind men and an
elephant.” Data has been compared to a gas (the cloud); water (data stream); and a solid
(data mining). Bitcoin servers have been described as both farms and mines. The spread
of COVID-19 is often thought of as a wave, and Dr. Roger Shapiro nicely extended that
to a wave in a pool that sloshes around, back and forth, leaving and returning. The myth
of Sisyphus can mean different things—difficulty, futility, or something that never
ends—and the adjectives promethean and quixotic can have quite different connotations:
as I get older, my sympathy for Quixote increases, and I think of him as less crazy and
more of an inspiration. The title of Dickens’ great book is commonly misappropriated:
See “Please, Liberals: Stop Abusing ‘A Tale of Two Cities’” by Reid Cherlin, The New
Republic, Jan 2, 2014. It is not always clear which meaning or connotation is meant.
Many say we should view the problem of drug addiction as a public health issue, not as a
war on drugs, and yet the phrase “public health campaign” has always had a warlike ring,
and the metaphor of disease as an enemy has come to the fore in the era of COVID-19.
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Should we really single out the donkey for ridicule and use it as an insult? I don’t think
so. “Without a donkey, my wife and I are forced to be donkeys” is something farmers say
in Ethiopia. Does the octopus really deserve its iconic depiction in political cartoons as a
global strangler? No. I once floated about one for half an hour on a shallow reef in the
Red Sea, and its fascinating shape-shifting and color-changing is something I will never
forget. Is a frilled shark, or a sturgeon, really horrific looking? Some think they are
beautiful.
But even if the similarities between two different things are not always obvious, or are
tenuous, or even upset me, I almost always find them worth thinking about. In my
opinion, allusions to Joe McCarthy, Machiavelli, and Hector do little justice to those
men. The idiom “to hang somebody out to dry” has come to mean abandon, but nobody
hangs up their laundry and abandons it. Gibbeting fits the idea much better. “Yemen was
Egypt’s Vietnam” makes me think of a host of dissimilarities, but I must admit, upon
reflection, that there are plenty of similarities, such as the time period, and the proximity
of safe havens across a border.
The title of Leon Talley’s memoir, The Chiffon Trenches, shows just how “ingenious” a
metaphor can be, how much ground, time and human condition it can cover, from the
bloodiest battlefields of Passchendaele and Verdun to...well, to Vogue Magazine. In one
popular video cute ten-year-old Nandi Bushell is a “beast” on the drums, while in another
a Marine Corps rammer identified only as “Wolf” is a “beast” on a howitzer mission.
Both are “beasts.” Roland Huntford described the Ross Ice Shelf as “that rolling Sahara
of snow,” which sounds odd at first, but there are many comparisons that can be made
between the Sahara and the Antarctic. For example, hydrating in both environments can
be a huge problem: Antarctica is a polar desert. Huntford was writing specifically about
the lack of terrain landmarks. The question is always, as Nathaniel Mackey stated, “How
different can two things be and still have something in common?”
Steve Inskeep of NPR severely strains the notion with his “Patrons still receive service at
flooded riverside restaurant in Thailand,” NPR, Morning Edition, October 8, 2021,
although I’m sure he had his reasons. Not too many of us are like the divorce-court judge
who is interested in “whether a dog is more like a lamp or a human being.”
3. “I looked at The Sixteenth Round as puttin’ a letter in a bottle and throwin’ it out over
those 36-foot-high walls into the ocean of life, like a bobbin’ bottle, and hoping upon
hope that somebody, somehow, someday, will see this bobbin’ bottle in the water, take
this bottle up, read my message, and come to help me. And that’s what happened. That’s
what happened.” (Rubin “Hurricane” Carter. From “The Hurricane Tapes,” Ep6.
Muhammad Ali and Bob Dylan, BBC Sounds.)
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4. “Yeah, I generally think this is a fairly minor deal. At the same time, it could actually
backfire on Bill Barr. Because, if he thinks it’s necessary to pre-spin this, that means that
there’s something in there that needs to be pre-spun. And if he’s too heavy handed about
that, it can actually just throw gasoline on the daily media feeding frenzies that we have
[inaudible].” (The commentator Jonah Goldberg on “Before Mueller Report Is Released,
Republicans And Democrats Take Sides,” NPR’s Morning Edition, April 18, 2019.)
I love this quote for its contrast to the one above it. To paraphrase a line from Kipling’s
short story, “The Phantom ‘Rickshaw”: “Men occasionally break down and become as
mixed as their metaphors.”
5. Elisabeth Moss: I just did it, and just kind of went as big as I could and threw it all at the
wall knowing the only mistake we could make was not going far enough. And so we just
went for it... / Rachael Martin: Did he ever have to pull you back. I mean did it ever feel
too far, or were you like, “Nope...” / Elisabeth Moss: I had turned it up to eleven and then
realized I had to go even higher... (“In ‘Her Smell,’ Elisabeth Moss ‘Turned It Up To 11,’
Then Turned It Up Some More,” Morning Edition, NPR, April 19, 2019.)
In the above, Elisabeth Moss is speaking about her performance in the film Her Smell. I
like it because it is a good litany of clichés relating to commitment & determination.
One has to respect commitment in an actor. But when it comes to such declarations, I like
what Alex Lowe said: “There are two kinds of climbers. Those who climb because their
heart sings when they’re in the mountains, and all the rest.”
6. “It can’t surprise us that our language began with metaphors. Words are being made
today under our own eyes in precisely the same fashion. Witness the terse and vivid terms
that the gangsters coin: gun moll, for the racketeer’s girl-friend; hot seat, for the electric
chair; stool pigeon, for the traitor who acts as a spy for the police.” (Word Origins and
Their Romantic Stories by Wilfred Funk, Litt. D., 1950.)
This is a good reminder that language is constantly evolving, and what sounds novel and
contemporary today will sound as dated as Funk’s examples in twenty years.
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Synonyms and opposites
As teachers, we are accustomed to mentioning synonyms, opposites, and patterns like succeed /
fail / give up / try again. We can do the same with figurative language, and this dictionary and
thesaurus will help.
1. You can launch, roll out, unveil, take the wraps off a product, or drop it (inauguration).
2. You can leave somebody in your wake. Or in your dust. Or in your slipstream. These are
entered at competition: movement. The first relates to boats and water. The second to
land and horses. The last to planes and air.
3. The opposite of tone deaf is... pitch perfect. A person can also strike all the right notes, or
have a tin ear (music).
4. If you achieve something, people might sing your praises, but more than likely your
achievement will be unsung (achievement, recognition & praise).
5. Something can be a stone in one’s shoe or a burr in one’s saddle (affliction).
6. You can hew to a line or... go against the grain. Both phrases relate to wood
(sanctioning, authority & non-conformity / tree).
7. You can be on the cusp of something, or light years away from it (proximity:
astronomy).
8. You can face a problem or turn a blind eye to it or look away. You can kick the can down
the road or push something (like a decision) down the road. You can tackle a problem or
punt or try to run out the clock. Or, you can throw your hands up in the air or engage in
handwringing (confronting, dealing with & ignoring things).
9. You can give a hand, lend a hand, or pitch in (help & assistance).
10. You can try to save your neck or your skin or your scalp (survival, persistence &
endurance).
11. Socially, you might find a place at the table or under the tent. Or, you might find
yourself outside in the cold, frozen out, in the shadows, on the fringes of society, out of
the mainstream, in exile, in the wilderness, on the far shore. You might find yourself to
be a castaway, hermit, leper, outcast, outsider, pariah, untouchable, a ghost. Good luck
with that (social interaction, society, and inclusion & exclusion)!
12. A new job might be a plum position or a poisoned chalice.
13. In bad times your life might be on hold, and you might find yourself in purgatory or in
limbo. In a drought or a dry spell. You might feel adrift, in the doldrums, unable to make
headway, going in circles, rudderless. Chasing your tail. Standing still. In a blind alley.
Or mired, sidetracked, stuck, stalled, in a rut and spinning your wheels. Going nowhere,
or backwards and lagging behind. Losing ground. Stumbling or taking a step backward
(progress & lack of progress).
14. Or, you can be on a roll with lots of momentum and traction, advancing, getting ahead,
going forward, making headway, gaining ground, leaping or vaulting ahead.
15. Somebody can add fuel to a controversy, pour gasoline on it, fan it, or provide oxygen for
it. Something can become an accelerant.
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16. You can be up to your elbows /neck / eyeballs, in over your head, drowning, buried alive,
immersed, enmeshed, entangled, or ensnared in something like debt or some other
situation. I hope things get better for you (involvement)!
17. You can hold your employees’ feet to the fire or light a fire under them. You can nudge,
push, prod, goad, cudgel, hector, or bully them, lean on them, twist their arms, strongarm
them, hold a gun to their heads, crack the whip, ride herd over them, etc. Just don’t
expect them to attend your birthday party (coercion & motivation)!
18. You can stroll, coast, waltz or sail to success (attainment). Something you do might be a
cakewalk, a stroll in the park, a picnic. Or a Gallipoli, a long hard slog, a trail of tears
(difficulty, easiness & effort).
19. If you are searching for something, you might hit pay dirt or fool’s gold (success &
failure / mining).
20. A division might be the favorite son or stepchild / stepdaughter / orphan of its parent
organization (family).
21. You can say, “That ship has sailed” or “That train has left the station.” Both relate to
timeliness & lack of timeliness. The two cliches always make me think of that scene
from Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery: “Your dad loved her very much. If
there was one other cat in this world that could have loved her and treated her as well as
your dad, then it was me. But, unfortunately, for yours truly, that train has sailed.”
22. You can try and throw somebody off the scent, throw somebody off the trail, or cover
your tracks. This language all relates to pursuit, capture & escape, and hunting.
23. The president might try to bypass, go around, sidestep, or make an end run around
congress.
24. In terms of interest and responsibility, something can be in your wheelhouse, in your
lane, or up your alley. Or not.
25. You can bury or exorcise the ghosts or put something to rest / bed / sleep. Bury the
hatchet or close the book on something. Put it behind you, let it go. Move on. Emotional
and psychological wounds can heal or scab over. These phrases relate to reconciliation,
resolution & conclusion. Just don’t forget, a buried hatchet can always be dug up.
26. In terms of sports & games, you can drop the ball, fumble, miscue, drop the baton, strike
out, or score an own goal. Or the opposite: hit a home run, hit a grand slam, hit it out of
the park, get your project through the uprights or across the goal line. In which case, you
might just want to take a victory lap. Or spike the football.
27. If you pull the plug on something like a project, it can go down the drain, pipes, or tubes.
28. You can be the father, godfather, midwife, architect or author of something like a plan or
policy or program.
29. Urban warfare (MOUT) versus desert warfare can be described as a different animal / a
different beast / or a different kettle of fish.
30. The Arctic might be a factory or a kitchen for weather. Both relate to creation &
transformation. Many of the new terms people use nowadays to talk about race have
been cooked up in the kitchen of sociology.
31. You can “cut corners” or “take a shortcut.” Or, the opposite, you can “go the extra mile”
or “go out of your way.” All relate to journeys & trips. Enjoy your hike!
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32. “If you wanna win it, ya gotta bring it.” “I left it all out there on the floor along with my
guys.” (This connection is made at commitment & determination: coming, arriving,
staying, leaving & returning.)
33. You can grow up in your father’s shadow. Or in his reflected glory. Hopefully the latter,
but both are based on light & darkness.
34. You might feel like you are on a slow boat to China, or you are going full speed ahead.
Both relate to the speed of a boat.
People often pair conventional language with a cliché, almost like a translation, and will even
triple up on cliches, like a boxer peppering his opponent with jabs: “We must oppose him, we
must stand up to him.” “This looks like an inflection point, a turning point.” “What’s the next
shoe to drop, what happens next?” “What would justice have looked like in your view, what did
you want to happen here?” “They want to fill in the blanks, connect the dots, and figure out
what’s going on.” “There is a possibility we could see another pandemic in our lifetime. No one
can run the odds about what kinds of numbers that looks like, you know, how likely that is...”
“The groups close ranks, they circle the wagons...” “Out-of-step, against-the-grain, different-
drummer types...” “It’s a race against time, it’s a race against the clock to get these animals
(stranded pilot whales) refloated.”
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Lessons and exercises
1. A lesson and exercise might focus on words related to health & medicine used
figuratively with the meaning of condition and status. Write the following on the board:
the peace process is dead and buried; the economic recovery has been robust; businesses
are ailing; the soccer team is on life support; small businesses are hurting; earnings have
been anemic; the economy remains badly wounded; the pace of economic growth is
moribund; reform is dead; the economy is healthy. Ask students to identify (or underline)
the words relating to health & medicine and also identify or underline the non-human
subjects. Discuss. Ask the students to organize the vocabulary on a cline from robust to
dead and buried.
2. Create a simple matching exercise to illustrate a simple pattern of figurative usage that
links problems (flaws & lack of flaws, etc.) to amelioration & renewal: If there is a
wrinkle in the plan, then we must iron it out. If an idea is stale, we need a fresh one. If
there is a security hole, we must patch it or fill it in. If our project encounters some bumps
in the road, we must try to smooth them out. If an argument is shaky, we had better
support or buttress it (or it might completely collapse and lie in ruins). If our skills have
grown dull, we need to sharpen or hone them. If a situation is explosive, we must defuse
it. If our wheels are spinning, we must find a way to gain traction and get unstuck. If the
wheels are turning very slowly, we will want to find a way to grease them. If we are
feeling a great burden, then we must find a way to get out from under it. If our society
suffers from a particular sickness, we must find a cure or remedy for it, etc.
3. Words and phrases for increase & decrease / number include: rise; explode; shoot up;
soar; grow; skyrocket; jump; go / shoot through the roof; peak, and sky-high. Words for
decrease include: plummet; dip; slide; drop; plunge; fall; tumble; and sink. We
commonly use these words and phrases when we talk about numbers, prices, and rates.
These words make a good simple category exercise. Write the words and phrases in
alphabetical order on the board and ask students to categorize them as “increase” or
“decrease.” If your classroom has a smartboard with “Vortex” software, create two
vortices labeled “increase” and “decrease” and call on a student to slide each word into
the correct vortex. My students in Saudi Arabia liked Vortex exercises, because if the
student standing in front of the classroom at the board slid a word to the wrong vortex, it
was spit out to his consternation and the delight of the other students. Ask students about
important rates and prices: the crime rate; the price of bread and medicine; the age of first
marriage, etc. Are they low, high or sky high / through the roof? How have they changed
over time? How do they compare with other countries or geographical areas?
4. We tend to think of comparison of adjectives and adverbs as grammar lessons. But much
vocabulary has within it the idea of comparison. So, visit the thesaurus and peruse the
entry for increase & decrease. Select words that your students already know and thus
can be recycled. In addition, you can select vocabulary you think your students might
already know, or might be interested in knowing. Using the vocabulary you have chosen,
practice comparing adjectives in the following way: (Teacher) “I stepped on the gas pedal
and the car accelerated. What does accelerate mean?” (Student) “To go faster.” (Teacher)
“The moon is waxing.” (Student) “It’s getting bigger.” (Teacher) “The moon is waning.”
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(Student) “It’s getting smaller.” (Teacher) “The price of bread is dropping.” (Student)
“It’s cheaper.” (Student) “It’s not as expensive.” (Student) “It’s less expensive (than it
was). Teacher: “What happens when you add fuel to a fire?” (Student) “It gets bigger.
(Student) “It gets hotter.” (Teacher) “Don’t eat too much or your stomach will balloon!”
(Student) “Get bigger!” (Teacher) “We need more tanks in the battle, because tanks are a
force multiplier. What does a force multiplier do?” (Student) “It makes us stronger.”
(Student) “It makes us more powerful.”
5. We tend to think of the superlative as a series of grammar lessons and test questions
based on form, but there is plenty of language (including proverbs) that embodies the
notion of (comparative) worth and the superlative, and it can be gleaned in the thesaurus
in the category worth & lack of worth and superlative. Every monkey is a _____ to its
mother. One man’s trash is another man’s _____. Speech is silver but silence is _____.
The jackal is a _____ in his own country. Who was or is the Pele of Saudi Arabia? Name
a superlative fruit. Which bird sings the most beautifully? What does it mean when I say
(pick any sports figure) was or is the GOAT? [Saudi students who know the literal
meaning of a goat but who don’t know what the acronym means are always delighted by
this, and will use it to make double and even triple entendres to chaff their friends!]
Which car is the thoroughbred of cars? Do you think that the lion is the king of beasts?
Questions like these enliven routine grammar exercises.
6. To focus on all the ways to talk about the future, including the idea that the future is a
container, ask students to select a piece of paper from a container. The container would
be analogous to a fortune cookie, and the piece of paper would have a fortune written on
it. Each student would get a little message about what lies in his future, what is ahead for
him, what is on his horizon, what is down the road, the fate that is approaching him, etc.
This exercise can lend itself to humor. Of course, such an exercise might not be
appropriate in some contexts and cultures. I personally wouldn’t do this exercise in Saudi
Arabia, no matter how comfortable I felt with my students.
7. The following is a simple fill-in-the-blank exercise that focuses on some of the figurative
language associated with fire: extinguish (verb); conflagration (noun); die out (verb);
spark (noun); die down (verb); ashes (noun). “The region is a tinderbox, and it will only
take a _____ to set the whole area on fire. The result will be a _____ that will burn out of
control and that no force, not even United Nations Peacekeepers, will be able to _____.
The fire will eventually _____, but I doubt it will ever completely _____. We can only
hope something positive will eventually arise from the _____.”
8. The following matching exercise focuses on the expressions that can be found in the
thesaurus at gesture: “Was the movie boring?” “Yes, it was a big yawn.” / “Did the
announcement surprise people?” “Yeah, it raised eyebrows.“ / “Did he speak freely about
what happened?” “No, he was tightlipped.” / “Is he willing to do it? “No, he needs a
nudge.” / “Did you captain approve your request?” “No, he gave it the thumbs-down.” /
“Well, it’s time to get to work.” “Yes, it’s time to roll up our sleeves.”
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To the ESL / EFL teacher
1. Because figurative language is such an integral part of common, everyday language, we EFL
/ ESL teachers should teach the terms literal and figurative at the beginning level and say
them at least as often as we say noun, verb, adjective, adverb, and collocation in our
classrooms. I don’t use the terms metaphor or idiom, because the former is so closely
attached to literary studies and cognitive linguistics, and the latter is associated with
dictionaries of idioms that include relatively useless and rarely used expressions like “It’s
raining cats and dogs.” A basic question that all teachers can ask about any vocabulary item
they teach is, “Can this be used figuratively?” It many cases, it can and (often) is, and this
dictionary and thesaurus will help those teachers with that question. Just look up the word.
2. To explain figurative usage to our students, we can use the same language that we teach them
in our lessons and that is used to define second and third senses, etc., for words in a
conventional dictionary if we only consult it: “like,” “as,” “similar to,” “equal to,”
“equivalent to,” “comparison,” “resemble,” “suggest,” “has the shape of,” “has the role of,”
“acts as,” etc.
3. “Extra” senses can provide real communicative utility. For example, a simple word like path
can allow us and our students to talk about conduct, easiness and difficulty, and the future,
not simply a walk from point A to point B. Figurative language can be oblique and subtle,
and in my own experience it has allowed me to mention or discuss things with students that
might otherwise have caused controversy and problems.
4. Students (an all of us) will encounter the figurative sense of a word far more often than the
literal sense. Consider the word dinosaur. Literal dinosaurs disappeared from the earth long
before humans: paleontologists study them. And yet, people nowadays will often encounter
the figurative usage of dinosaur that relates to primacy, currency, decline & obsolescence
and to past & present. Magnet is another example, and pitfall. I’m sure you can come up
with your own examples.
5. Just about every part of speech can be used figuratively: nouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives,
and prepositions, even interjections. Seals are a magnet for sharks. He killed the proposal.
She greeted me warmly. It was a sharp / stinging rebuke. I am with you. Her performance
wowed me.
6. As English teachers, we all know the importance of collocation in vocabulary teaching, even
if we are teaching old-fashioned materials that ignore it. Often there is a collocating
preposition: Makkah is a magnet for Muslims. Or the phrase is pre-modified by a classifying
adjective: a political firestorm; financial doping in soccer; an astronomical rate, a stellar
record, etc. Most curriculums, including the ALC/DLI, do a poor job of teaching classifying
modifiers. Collocation can reveal sets of subjects and objects, and it is an especially good
way to recycle previously learned vocabulary.
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7. Prepositions. In our dictionaries, a preposition’s first sense is always spatial, and that is how
we always teach it. When we teach in front of, we always teach it spatially: “The car is in
front of the bus.” But that same preposition can refer to the future: “She has her whole life in
front of her.” And it can also relate to proximity: “The answer is in front of you.” Three
prepositions relate to allegiance, support & betrayal: “I am for the measure. We stand
behind the new law. I am with you in your attempts to change things.” When it comes to
hierarchy, a person can be above or below another person. To see a list of prepositions and
their non-spatial meanings, look in the thesaurus under prep, adv, adj, particle.
8. We tend to think of the past, present and future as grammar. But the future can also relate to
words like fossil, dinosaur, horizon, crystal ball, time capsule, etc. Or to persons like a
fortuneteller, oracle or prophet. Time is very interesting. For example, time can seem like a
place: “We have been here before” (in the past) and “Where do we go from here?” (in the
future). Time can entail distance: “Spring is just around the corner,” and “The Paris
Olympics are still a long way off.” In one conception of time, “the future is forward and the
past is behind.” See future and past & present and time in the thesaurus for possibilities.
9. Don’t be afraid to think about and teach grammatical metaphor and fictive verbs.
Grammatical metaphor simply provides alternatives to the structures we already teach. You
can say, “There is a lamp in the corner.” But you can also say, “A lamp stands in the corner.”
You can say, “We walked to town along the road” but you can also say, “The road took us to
town.” You can say, “I got home in early May,” but you can also say, “Early May saw me
back home.” You can say, “I had a lot of problems,” but you can also say, “I encountered /
met with a lot of problems.” “There has been...” can be restated as, “We have seen...” Offer
both choices. We tend to teach the former and ignore the latter.
10. When you teach a “bland” verb, try to think of a synonym that is figurative: Can you help
me, can you lend a hand? What did you find, what did you dig up? He betrayed me, he
stabbed me in the back. Be patient, hold your horses. I support you, I am with you, I stand
with you, I stand behind you, I will back you up, I’ve got your back! I understand, I see, I get
it. Don’t be afraid, you must resist him, stand up to him, take him on. Students will
commonly acquire and productively use the figurative equivalent.
11. Never miss a chance to add value to a word. Is it also a shape? What are its parts? Is it a part
of a proper noun? A geographical feature? The name of a company or product? Is there a
euphemism for it? Does the word have an interesting origin and history? Can you use the
word as a springboard for a bit of content?
12. As English teachers, we know all about teaching parts-wholes. Those parts are often
figurative. A chair has legs and a back, a mouth has a roof, a book has a spine. A bed has a
head and a foot. A mountain has foothills. Whole-parts like these are the basis of simple
riddles we learn as children: What has legs but can’t run, a back that can’t bend? And you
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can use the first person pronoun to make such a riddle sound even more opaque and strange:
“I have legs but can’t run, I have a back but it can’t bend... What am I?” Of course, your
students will “turn the tables on you” and insist on stumping you with the riddles from their
culture.
13. Try to think of and include a variety of subjects and objects for the grammar patterns you
teach. Ali / the bookcase is standing in the corner. Sugar / Sara is sweet. Open the door / your
book / your mind. A car / Winter is approaching. I’m allergic to penicillin / people who think
they know it all. A millimeter / life is short. You can arrive at a place. You can arrive at an
answer or solution.
14. Clines are always useful for organizing vocabulary in sets. In “Lessons and exercises” above,
the first lesson involves organizing words relating to health & medicine on a cline. A similar
lesson could be given based on words relating to temperature that relate to emotion. Our
curriculums are good at teaching hot, warm, and cold. Less good at teaching tepid, or
lukewarm, or combinations like boiling-hot and freezing-cold.
15. Sets and series are always useful for organizing vocabulary. Spring is a season, and we
always teach “spring, summer, fall and winter” as a set, but we can also relate that same set
to death & life, or to growth & development. In Saudi Arabia, when I introduced this word
to my students, following the ALC/DLI curriculum, I used to give my adult military students
the following riddle: “A happy dancing young girl in a green dress. A strong young man with
yellow hair. A crying lady in a brown dress. A shouting angry old man with white hair...
What are they?” Answer: the four seasons! Arab students appreciate such personification and
especially appreciate symmetry. The fact that their climate has essentially two seasons does
not make them any less interested in the seasons in my country; the goal of many of them is
to graduate from the program and then be sent to the U.S. for follow-on training (FOT).
Language related to a plant and the life cycle of a fire relate to the same concepts. Sweet,
salty, bitter and sour can relate not only to taste but also to character & personality. Again,
my military students enjoyed and appreciated the metaphoric extension.
16. An easy lesson is to simply think of something you or your students might be interested in.
For example, students studying academic English should be very interested in words and
expressions related to analysis, interpretation & explanation. An engineer might be
interested in the language associated with infrastructure. Some teachers are interested in the
expression of feeling, emotion & effect, and they will find a comprehensive listing of such
language in the thesaurus. My adult military students in Saudi Arabia—the home of the
Arabian horse—always enjoyed idioms associated with the horse, and I was also pleased to
discover many of them shared my enthusiasm for boxing. Of course, they had their favorites!
Nothing is so basic to all people as the hand, so try doing a lesson just devoted to that.
Idioms range from help & assistance to oppression. And it is easy to pantomime
expressions like hand out and give / lend a hand and have the upper / whip hand. Such a
lesson would make a nice lesson in a place like Kosovo, where your classroom might be a
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café, your textbook is you, and where your students—poor as they are—will insist on paying
for your coffee. You want to give a good lesson to students like that!
17. Expressions related to gesture and bodily reaction are easy to pantomime. I went to the
director to get his approval and he gave me the thumbs up. / I didn’t realize that, thank you
for opening my eyes. / That film bored me, it was a big yawn. Pairs like these make easy
matching exercises.
18. As mentioned above, a name for a person (pioneer, acolyte, steward, leper, butcher, warrior
clown, etc.) is often used figuratively. You can find a list at person in this work. All teachers
are aware of the sequence of grammar, and in Saudi Arabia, in military environments, a
semi-insult like bully is a good way to exemplify it. “You are a bully!” Or, “You are a big
bully!” Or, “You are such a bully! Use the negative imperative + noun pattern and you get,
“Don’t be a bully!” Use stop + being + noun and you have “Stop being a bully!” Or
substitute donkey. Donkey is not a vocabulary item in the ALC/DLI, but everyone I taught in
Saudi Arabia know it in English, and its connotation.
19. Use analogies; like metaphors, they compare and make connections. I usually introduce them
in the following form: Stand up is to resist as _____ is to surrender. The center is to a circle
as _____ is to a hurricane. Spring is to a young man as _____is to an old man. A period of
time is to the life of a man as _____is to a book. Articles can be especially problematical and
this is a chance to use them. When students give answers to analogies like these, even when
they gave me the anticipated answer, I always ask them to explain their answers using
complete sentences. Analogies like these can be used at the most basic level and students find
them novel and interesting. A ship is to the sea as _____ is to the desert is one I often gave in
Saudi Arabia. Don’t forget to ask why.
20. Teachers can incorporate figurative language into routine classroom language. If your
students get too noisy, you can say, “Hey, turn down the volume!” or “Lower the
temperature!” or “Cool down” or “Keep cool!” or “Let’s dial it back!” or “Don’t be such a
hothead!” If a student becomes too impatient, you can say, “Hold your horses!” Instead of
asking if a student understands or not, you might ask, “Are you in the dark?” You can used
lexicalized gestures to praise: “I salute you,” “I applaud you,” “I take my cap off to you.”
When a student’s feelings get hurt, you can say, “A military man needs thick skin!” Students
tend to hear, note, and acquire such figurative language, especially if it is repeated day in and
day out. More importantly, though, it gives the figurative nature of language its due.
21. Feel free to say a little bit about the literal meaning for those words we use figuratively. If
you ever teach or explain the figurative use of castaway, for example, you might spend a few
minutes telling your students about those actual poor wretches on Tromelin Island in the
Indian Ocean. At the entry for scuttle I mention two instances where entire fleets of ships
were scuttled. Below the entry for amok is a quote from The Malay Archipelago by Alfred
Russel Wallace about that practice. Below the entry for earthquake (effect) is a rather long
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entry from the same author, which will make those of us who have never experienced an
earthquake think about how incredibly destabilizing it can be. In the entry for whirlwind is an
eyewitness account of a black buran experienced in Lop Nur, Xinjiang, by Sven Hedin. At
blizzard, I have included a short quote from V.K. Arseniev and Dersu about an actual
blizzard, or purga. Below the entry for pioneer (person) in the dictionary, I note Rudyard
Kipling’s stirring poem “The Explorer.” There are always a few students who will find that
poem on the internet and read it, based on your recommendation.
22. Take a page from the quote from Emerson above and use the frames he uses to get your
students thinking about metaphor. “Right means...; wrong means...; the crossing of a line
means...; we say heart to express... ; a cunning man is...; attention is...; an effect is... Words
and phrases for that last are entered in the category effect. They remind us than an effect is
often thought of as a wave in a medium: ripples as in water, with the related word splash;
waves in the air like a shock wave; and sound waves like reverberation and repercussion.
That is the reason for expressions like: “His surprise resignation caused ripples / shock waves
/ reverberations around the world.”
23. Get students to notice language use in longer passages of speech or text. Vocabulary choices
are often predictable. For example, a crime story or crime podcast is bound to have words
used figuratively based on hunting and searching & discovery. Articles about famous
people will usually have figurative language relating to importance & significance. It’s fun
to read an article and identify sets like these.
24. Here’s a good idea to make the figurative and the literal real to your students within the four
walls of your classroom. First, consult the category of books & reading in the thesaurus of
this work. Write “literal” on one side of the board, “figurative” on the other, hold up a book,
and go to work. You might start with spine. You can something like, “Look, do you see this
part of the book here? Well, it’s called the spine. And I have a spine! This is my spine! And I
can break this book’s spine, and I can break my own spine if I’m in a bad auto accident!”
There will be many literal and figurative pairs for you to talk about with your students. The
dictionary of collocations will give you attested examples of use and help you with the
collocations. If you have a flair for the dramatic and a perfect sense of timing, as you no
doubt do, because you are a teacher and you have read this far in the work, you will save
“close the book” with its meaning of reconciliation, resolution & conclusion for the bell,
the smiles, and the break.
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An alphabetized list of the categories in the thesaurus
Consider the category color (2). What can colors relate / refer to? What can colors
represent? When you visit that category in the thesaurus, you will see several subcategories that
might give you some ideas for when you teach your lesson on colors. One subcategory is “proper
name.” On the world map in my classroom in Saudi Arabia, I always enjoyed pointing out the
“color” seas to my military students: the Red Sea; the Black Sea; the White Sea; the Yellow Sea.
In the subcategory “character & personality” you will see the phrase, black sheep. I never failed
to mention my “black-sheep” brother John to my students. In the subcategory “experience” is the
word greenhorn. I always mentioned this, because I knew some students would pick the term up
and chaff / guy one another with it. In the subcategory “feeling, emotion & effect” is blue,
meaning sad. The question, “Are you blue?” never failed to make my students smile. Not
because Arabs are literal minded—they talk about teachers having black and white hearts—but
because the ALC/DLI is so relentlessly literal. And I can do all this in an introductory class,
using the simplest grammar.
Now consider the category feeling, emotion & effect (1). How do we think of feelings,
emotions and effects? How do we talk about those things? There are many subcategories in this
category, and three of those subcategories are larger than the others: “direction,” “sensation,” and
“temperature.” This corresponds exactly to the metaphors cognitive linguists have identified:
HAPPY IS UP. SAD IS DOWN. AFFECTION IS WARMTH. EMOTIONAL EFFECT IS PHYSICAL CONTACT. If
you combine bodily reaction and gesture, you get a fourth large sub-category. The ALC/DLI
includes “to hurt one’s feelings,” which is figurative, based on sensation. I have used many
expressions from this category in my classes, including ones like, “Are you down?” “Cheer up!”
“I will lift your spirits,” “Cool off,” “Don’t be such a hothead,” “Don’t be so thin-skinned,” “A
military man must have thick skin,” “You cut me!” etc.
name # name #
addiction 2 basketball 2
affix 2 bell 2
air 2 Bible 2
alcohol 2 biology 2
allusion 2 bird 2
amount 2 birth 2
animal 2 blade 2
antiques 2 blanket 2
apple 2 blood 2
arm 2 boat 2
astronomy 2 bodily reaction 2
atmosphere 2 body 2
ax 2 books & reading 2
baby 2 bottle 2
back 2 boundary 2
ball 2 boxing 2
balloon 2 breadth 2
baseball 2 breathing 2
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name # name #
bridge 2 equilibrium & stability 2
bubble 2 erosion 2
bullet 2 exclamation 2
burden 2 explosion 2
burial 2 eye 2
canal 2 face 2
cards 2 family 2
carpets & rugs 2 fan 2
cat 2 farming & agriculture 2
center & periphery 2 fatness & thinness 2
chain 2 fence 2
chemistry 2 film 2
chess 2 finger 2
circus 2 fire 2
clock 2 fish 2
cloth 2 fist 2
clothing & accessories 2 flags & banners 2
cloud 2 flood 2
color 2 flying & falling 2
consumption 2 fog 2
container 2 food & drink 2
control & lack of control 2 foot 2
cooking 2 football 2
corner 2 force 2
cows & cattle 2 forest 2
crashes & collisions 2 fortification 2
creature 2 fountain 2
crime 2 fox 2
dam 2 frog 2
day 2 fruits & vegetables 2
death & life 2 functioning 2
depth 2 gambling 2
desert 2 gate 2
destruction 2 geometry 2
direction 2 gesture 2
distance 2 gift 2
document 2 giving, receiving, bringing & returning 2
dog 2 glacier 2
doors & thresholds 2 government 2
ear 2 ground, terrain & land 2
earth & world 2 hair 2
earthquake 2 hammer 2
electricity 2 hand 2
engine 2 hardness & softness 2
epithet 2 hat 2
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name # name #
head 2 mining 2
health & medicine 2 mirror 2
heart 2 mixture 2
heating water 2 money 2
heel 2 moon 2
height 2 mountains & hills 2
history 2 mouth 2
hole 2 movement 2
horizon 2 music 2
horn 2 nail 2
horse 2 neck 2
hour 2 nose 2
house 2 nuclear energy 2
hunting 2 number 2
hygiene 2 object 2
Iliad & Odyssey 2 orientation 2
infrastructure 2 part of speech 2
insect 2 party 2
island 2 path 2
journeys & trips 2 pendulum 2
jungle 2 physics 2
justice 2 picture 2
key 2 pile 2
knee 2 place 2
knife 2 plane 2
ladder 2 plant 2
lap 2 platform 2
leg 2 position 2
letters & characters 2 potato 2
light & dark 2 predation 2
lightning 2 prep, adv, adj, particle 2
line 2 pressure 2
lion 2 proximity 2
love, courtship & marriage 2 pump 2
magic 2 puppet 2
manufacturing 2 purses & wallets 2
map 2 puzzle 2
mark 2 radio 2
materials & substances 2 rain 2
meat 2 rat 2
mechanism 2 religion 2
memorization 2 riding 2
mental health 2 river 2
middle ages 2 rocket 2
military 2 roof 2
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name # name #
rope 2 temperature 2
route 2 tent 2
royalty 2 theater 2
rubbing & washing 2 throat 2
ruins 2 throwing, putting & planting 2
scale 2 thumb 2
school & education 2 ticket 2
sea 2 tide 2
season 2 tiger 2
sensation 2 toe 2
sex 2 tongue 2
shadow 2 tools & technology 2
shape 2 train 2
shark 2 tree 2
sheep 2 tsunami 2
shoulder 2 umbrella 2
sign, signal, symbol 2 verb 2
size 2 violence 2
skeleton 2 volcano 2
skin, muscle, nerves & bone 2 walking, running & jumping 2
sky 2 wall 2
sleep 2 warehouse 2
smell 2 waste 2
snake 2 water 2
snow & ice 2 wave 2
society 2 weapon 2
sound 2 weather & climate 2
space 2 wedge 2
speech 2 weight 2
speed 2 wheat 2
spider 2 whip 2
sports & games 2 wind 2
stair 2 window 2
standing, sitting & lying 2 wolf 2
statue 2 wounds & scars 2
stomach 2 wrestling 2
storm 2 writing & spelling 2
sun 2 zoo 2
surveying 2 ability & lack of ability 1
swamp 2 absorption & immersion 1
sword 2 acceptance & rejection 1
table 2 access & lack of access 1
target 2 accusation & criticism 1
taste 2 achievement, recognition & praise 1
teeth 2 action, inaction & delay 1
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name # name #
activity 1 confronting, dealing with & ignoring 1
admiration & contempt 1 things
affliction 1 consciousness & awareness 1
allegiance, support & betrayal 1 constraint & lack of constraint 1
allusion 1 consumption 1
alternatives & choices 1 content 1
amelioration & renewal 1 context 1
amount 1 control & lack of control 1
amount & effect 1 corruption 1
analysis, interpretation & explanation 1 cost & benefit 1
appeal 1 courage & lack of courage 1
appearance 1 course 1
appearance & disappearance 1 cover 1
appearance & reality 1 creating & transformation 1
area 1 curtailment 1
assembling 1 danger 1
attachment 1 death & life 1
attainment 1 decline 1
attempt 1 dependency 1
attention, scrutiny & promotion 1 destruction 1
attenuation 1 development 1
attraction & repulsion 1 development, easiness & effort 1
avoidance & separation 1 directing 1
bases 1 direction 1
behavior 1 dismissal, removal & resignation 1
biodiversity 1 disruption 1
branching system 1 division 1
campaign 1 division & connection 1
center & periphery 1 dominance & submission 1
certainty & uncertainty 1 driving force 1
character & personality 1 eagerness & reluctance 1
characterization 1 effect 1
coercion & motivation 1 empathy & lack of empathy 1
coming, arriving, staying, leaving & 1 enthusiasm 1
returning environment 1
commitment & determination 1 epithet 1
comparison & contrast 1 equilibrium & stability 1
competition 1 euphemism 1
complexity 1 evidence 1
comprehension & incomprehension 1 experience 1
computer 1 experimentation 1
concealment & lack of concealment 1 extent & scope 1
condition & status 1 failure, accident & impairment 1
configuration 1 fantasy & reality 1
conflict 1 farming & agriculture 1
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name # name #
fate, fortune & chance 1 mind 1
feeling, emotion & effect 1 mixture 1
fictive communication 1 money 1
fictive meeting & seeing 1 movement 1
fictive motion 1 obligation 1
fictive position 1 obstacles & impedance 1
fictive possession 1 occurrence 1
fictive transportation 1 operation 1
flaws & lack of flaws 1 opportunities & possibilities 1
force 1 oppression 1
functioning 1 orientation 1
future 1 origin 1
geography 1 past & present 1
giving, receiving, bringing & returning 1 perception, perspective & point of view 1
gossip 1 performance 1
group, set & collection 1 person 1
growth & development 1 place 1
guilt 1 portal 1
haste 1 position, policy & negotiation 1
heart 1 possession 1
help & assistance 1 power 1
hierarchy 1 predation 1
history 1 presence & absence 1
hyperbole 1 pressure 1
idea 1 primacy, currency, decline & 1
identity & nature 1 obsolescence
importance & significance 1 priority 1
impression 1 product 1
inauguration 1 progress & lack of progress 1
inclusion & exclusion 1 proper name 1
increase & decrease 1 protection & lack of protection 1
initiation 1 proximity 1
insult 1 punishment & recrimination 1
interest 1 pursuit, capture & escape 1
involvement 1 readiness & preparedness 1
isolation & remoteness 1 reconciliation, resolution & conclusion 1
judgment 1 reference 1
knowledge & intelligence 1 relationship 1
language 1 repetition 1
leaking 1 representation 1
location 1 reputation 1
measurement 1 resemblance 1
message 1 resiliency 1
migration 1 resistance, opposition & defeat 1
military 1 responsibility 1
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name # name #
restraint & lack of restraint 1 subterfuge 1
revenge 1 success & failure 1
reverence 1 sufficiency, insufficiency & excess 1
reversal 1 superiority & inferiority 1
role 1 superlative 1
route 1 supplying 1
sacrifice 1 surveillance 1
sanctioning, authority & non-conformity 1 survival, persistence & endurance 1
script 1 suspicion 1
searching & discovery 1 taking & removing 1
sequence 1 target 1
sex 1 taxonomy & classification 1
shape 1 throwing, putting & planting 1
sight 1 time 1
sincerity, lack of sincerity & honesty 1 timeliness & lack of timeliness 1
situation 1 transmission 1
size 1 transportation 1
social interaction 1 unanimity & consensus 1
society 1 violence 1
sound 1 vocative 1
source 1 wants, needs, hopes and goals 1
speech 1 warning 1
speed 1 welcome 1
starting, going, continuing & ending 1 welcome 1
strategy 1 wheat 1
strength & weakness 1 work & duty 1
substance & lack of substance 1 worth & lack of worth 1
Page 55 of 1574
ecological about-face
earth has done an ~ (NASA statement)
ideological about-face
The dictionary of the literature of ~ includes…
Page 56 of 1574
brilliant and abrasive abuzz with warnings
a ~ engineer named… a nervous Muslim world is ~ of a threat from the West
character & personality: sensation had people abuzz
feeling, emotion & effect: sensation the news ~ this morning (politics)
absorb (a country, etc.) kept this peninsula abuzz
gold mining and logging once ~ with activity
absorbed Kyrgyzstan
Imperial Russia ~ and its nomadic tribes activity: animal / insect / sound
Page 57 of 1574
accelerate learning the knees are the ~
pupils use pedal power to ~
proved to be his Achilles’ heel
inflation is accelerating while he excelled in wooing donors, finances ~
~, the Bureau of Labor Statistics says
strength & weakness: allusion / Iliad & Odyssey
outbreak is accelerating protection & lack of protection: allusion / Iliad & Odyssey
the measles ~ acid (acid debate, etc.)
increase & decrease / speed / starting, going, continuing &
ending: movement / verb
acid asides
she is famous for her ~ (a comic)
accession (noun) acid blogger
accession number people are disgusted with radio ranters and ~s (civility)
the ~ is a unique identifier (cultural property) acid debate
accession process the controversy has sparked ~ (religion)
the ~ is dead (Turkey and the EU) feeling, emotion & effect / speech: chemistry / materials &
♦ “The EU pretends to negotiate, Turkey pretends to reform.” (Turkish substances
accession to the EU.)
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acrobatics (noun) the CIA director said the company had ~ (security)
the city has clamped down on violence and ~
acronymic acrobatics in the 1990s, Manhattan ~
the artificiality and awkwardness of the ~ (LGBTTIQQ2SA)
cleaned up her act
verbal acrobatics she checked herself into rehab, then ~
there are no ~ to charm (a book review) we thought she had ~, but… (athlete)
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addicted to a dating game address (verb)
she’s a gamer, ~ called One True Prince
address the problems
passionately addicted we must ~ that underlie the insurgency
he was ~ to Beethoven’s music (Berlioz)
addressed more specific rumors
enthusiasm: addiction / health & medicine
she ~ as well (cold case)
addicted (dependency) address stereotypes
addicted to (this kind of) high-paced content be prepared to ~ when you hear them
people have become ~ (TikTok) addressed (such taboo) subjects
addicted to economic growth he ~ as race and sexuality (Pryor)
we are ~ addresses this
addicted to oil is there currently any legislation on tape that ~
we are ~ from the Middle East addresses the (invisible and visible) wounds
grow (increasingly more) addicted the center ~ of war
as we ~ to modern technology fictive communication: speech / verb
dependency: addiction / health & medicine confronting, dealing with & ignoring things: speech / verb
Page 60 of 1574
jazz-adjacent adopted (adopted state, etc.)
the song sounds ~, at a minimum, jazzy-ish (Adele)
adopted home
lockdown-adjacent Asheville was her ~
2020, for all its ~ loneliness, still had anthems like “WAP”
adopted state
MAGA-adjacent my ~ of North Carolina
no wanting people to shit on my steps doesn’t make me ~
acceptance & rejection: family
music-adjacent
showcasing various ~ pockets of the city (Philly) adopted
porn-adjacent adopted
a series of soft-core, ~ films, I guess you could say... they want their pet ideas ~ (conservatives)
punk-adjacent adopted as a corporate tool
the critically acclaimed, ~ two-tone bands of... (Ska) PowerPoint was ~
restaurant-adjacent acceptance & rejection: family
one ~ business is doing well (equipment liquidator)
adrift (adjective)
“rich-adjacent”
Connell gets into an elite university, where he becomes ~ adrift in the (new multiparty) sea
politicians, ~, now needed campaign funds
rock-adjacent
a ~ album with producer... seemed adrift
he ~ without the army for structure (a troubled soldier)
soul-adjacent
soul and ~ music spent years adrift
they had ~ in their diaspora (Somalis in Lewistown)
sports-adjacent
I wrote a ~ love story (fiction) direction / division & connection: boat
course: direction / journeys & trips
inclusion & exclusion: affix control & lack of control / progress & lack of progress: boat
/ direction
adolescence (noun)
adult (development)
during its (starry-eyed) adolescence
A.I. ~, in the sixties... (technology) adults in the room
the cypherpunk kids versus the ~
podcasting’s adolescence
in 2014, ~ adult table
Japan wanted to demonstrate it was an adult sitting at the ~
growth & development: death & life
person: baby
Adonis (handsome) experience: person
Adonis growth & development: death & life
the chubby man beat the ~ (Joshua vs. Ruiz / boxing) advance (in advance, etc.)
appearance: allusion days in advance
adopt (verb) the killing was planned ~
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time: direction / movement / verb ♦ An aegis (pronounced EE-jus) was a breastplate or shield. It means
protection or sponsorship.
advance (verb) protection & lack of protection: military / weapon
advanced in jumps aegis (Aegis Insurance, etc.)
his career ~
Aegis Combat System
advanced with giant steps the ~ protects ships
nuclear science has ~
Aegis Security Insurance Company
advanced from guarded to good condition the ~ focuses on Property and Casualty insurance
the twins ~ (operation)
proper name: weapon
advance their cause through leadership protection & lack of protection: proper name
people who ~ or example
afford (verb)
advance the cause
~ of freedom in Africa (US) afford
doubt is a luxury they can't ~ (soldiers on way to Iraq)
advance medicine
the goal of the partnership is to ~, lower costs afford to fall
we can't ~ further behind
advance our (own negotiating) position
as we ~ afford to lose
the President cannot ~ Iraq
advanced rapidly
mine technology ~ after World War II afford to remain
we cannot ~ passive spectators to such acts…
career advanced
his ~ in jumps afford another Somalia
the UN cannot ~
science has advanced
nuclear ~ with giant steps afford the disruption
we can't ~ that would bring (company policies)
efforts to advance
~ pain research cost & benefit: money / verb
progress & lack of progress: direction / movement / verb aflame (resemblance)
advance (noun) aflame with fall color
the maple trees are ~
advances in medicine
the 20th century saw great ~ resemblance: fire
breathtaking advance aflame (adjective)
this is a ~ (legislative act)
aflame
great advance the region is ~ (Middle East)
anesthesia was a ~ in surgery the Arab world was ~ in March 2011
major advance aflame with (righteous) anger
US physicians made another ~ in endocrinology at some moments we are ~
medical advance aflame with outrage
animal testing has led to many ~s Republicans were ~ (politics)
progress & lack of progress: direction / movement aflame with violence
advance guard in the dying days of apartheid South Africa was ~
aflame with uprisings
advance guard of the feminists YA novels imagine a world ~
she belonged to the ~ (the sculptor Kathleen Scott)
driving force: military
still aflame
his curiosity is ~ (a filmmaker)
aegis (noun) set hearts aflame
under his aegis his verses still ~ (the Persian poet Hafez)
he insists the newspaper is not ~ set the social medial world aflame
~, sales soared (Tim Cook / Apple)
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he ~ after writing... (religion) feeling, emotion & effect: atmosphere / sky
set aflame by (recent) comments afterglow (other)
the classical music community has been ~ from...
afterglow of those visits
activity / initiation / feeling, emotion & effect: fire the ~ has never worn off (celebrity visits restaurant)
starting, going, continuing & ending: fire
afterglow of victory
afloat the ~ was brief (political reformers)
keep the studio afloat post-World Cup afterglow
sentiment alone cannot ~ (MGM / debt woes) how will the ~ be reflected in attendance (US soccer)
keeping the regime afloat happiness and afterglow
oil is ~ the party is flushed with ~ (elections)
stay afloat feeling, emotion & effect: atmosphere / sky
Iran can ~ without Western investment
he struggled to ~ (low-paying job) afternoon (at a later time)
he got us disaster relief to ~ (politician)
the economy is struggling to ~ in the afternoon
~, we built igloos
survival, persistence & endurance: water ♦ The forenoon is before noon, in the morning.
after (at a later time) sequence / time: direction / position / prep, adv, adj,
particle
after King Hammurabi
King Solomon ruled about 700 years ~ aftershock (noun)
after horses aftershocks from 9/11
trains came ~ (technology) the ~ forced the company to cuts jobs nationwide (airline)
♦ Earlier times are before later times, and later times are after earlier
times, based on the time queue. The person who reaches the end of a aftershocks from the (shareholder) revolt
trail reaches it earlier than the people following him or her. the ~ will be felt across the business world
sequence / time: direction / position / prep, adv, adj, political aftershocks
particle the ~ of the 2004 tsunami… (Sri Lanka)
afterglow (in the afterglow) feel the aftershocks
we will ~ of the financial crisis for a long time
in the afterglow
~ that follows the performance, the audience lingers... amount & effect / effect / feeling, emotion & effect:
earthquake
in the afterglow of another championship
a decade later, ~, he said… (an athlete) against (opposition)
in the afterglow of (Obama's) election against everything
she found it easier to run ~ (a politician) I am ~ he stands for (politics)
in the afterglow of his (first big) role against it
he moved into the Chateau Marmont ~ (L.A. actor) the Prime Minister is ~ (a proposal)
in the afterglow of our (rafting) trip allegiance, support & betrayal / resistance, opposition &
we relaxed and drank wine ~ defeat: prep, adv, adj, particle
in the (mellowing) afterglow of victory against (up against)
~, they don't seem so fierce (elected women)
up against
in the afterglow of their Tony wins this is what cities are ~ (hacked for ransom)
the films received increased business ~
up against a history
basking in the afterglow we were ~ of social injustice (prosecuting O.J. Simpson)
we're still ~ of the president's marvelous speech
he was ~ of a caretaker’s honeymoon period (team) obstacles & impedance: prep, adv, adj, particle
♦ A full-page print ad for the Subaru Legacy asks the question, "Can a
drive have an afterglow?" In the foreground is the sedan, parked on a
age (come of age)
scenic overlook. In the background is a dramatic vista of the sea and
clouds just after sunset. Of course, the beautiful lingering light is the come of age
actual afterglow. will this be the year they ~ (team in Champions League)
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growth & development: death & life power and agency
the tech industry is where US workers have the most ~
age (age of Trump, etc.) build ~ in their work lives (through legal resources, etc.)
age of Trump claiming agency
he covered Democratic politics in the ~ women are ~ (Judy Chicago / the “Dinner Party”)
age of fiscal belt-tightening denied women agency
in an ~ a patriarchal world view that ~
age of edit have that agency
we are in an ~ (news, films, music, science, memes, etc.) we really didn’t ~ to speak up for ourselves until now
age of romantic giants inclines towards agency
in an ~ he was a titan (Johann Wolfgang von Goethe) the language around leadership ~ (gender research)
age of social media seeking agency
in this ~ we’re seeking more than just representation, we’re ~
age of Viagra support (individual) agency
this is the ~, and Mr. Trink was its siren (Thailand) as a humanist, a womanist I ~ (Gazelle Amber Valentine)
age of technological wizardry take agency
in an ~... reclaim desire and ~ over your sexual experiences (women)
Gilded Age ♦ “You get to decide what your life looks like.” (“A Letter to College
Sports” by Cailin Bracken.)
the sixties were the ~ of rock journalism (excess)
♦ “For Asians, we’re seeking more than representation, we’re seeking
golden age agency. We want to be able to tell our stories and show our characters in
all of our splendor and complexity, because that’s what it takes for
the ~ of quiz shows of the 1950s people to actually see us as people... I think Asian Americans are kinda
the ~ of the detective story (between world wars) taking charge of our own destiny.” (Jeff Yang, author of Rise: A Pop
the Sopranos was the tripwire event that set off the ~ of TV History of Asia America From the Nineties To Now. From ABC, GMA,
“How movies and TV show dehumanize and hypersexualize Asian
modern age Americans.”)
the ~ of blockbusters (films) ♦ “I asked Frances Borzello, art historian, if there are any examples of
pre-20th Century nudes expressing women’s agency—for example,
for the ages portraits commissioned by a wife or mistress of themselves in order to
please or tantalise a partner or lover?” (“Is the nude selfie a new art
it was a game ~ (an exciting basketball game) form?” by Holly Williams, 18 March 2021.)
age (of the steamer) lasted ♦ “If a player does not want to get vaccinated, we will stand behind him
the ~ 150 years (steamboats on the Yangtze River) one hundred percent. Look, players need to have agency when it comes
to what they decide to put in their bodies.” (Benjamin Watson, Vice
♦ “We live in a subscription age and a numbers age... This is a big, big President, NFL Players Association.)
fight.” (The boxing promoter Eddie Hearn at a press conference for Katie
♦ “To be agentic is to be confident and decisive.” (Gender research.)
Taylor vs. Amanda Serrano, referring to DAZN, ticket sales, and social
media buzz, including Twitter.) ♦ Agency in this sense is almost always in opposition to victimhood.
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factions ~ outside of the law the ~ indie scene (Lizzo, etc.)
pushing or suppressing agendas “militantly agnostic”
people wonder if the BBC is ~ she takes a ~ approach to UFOs (Leslie Kean)
♦ The technical meaning of this word, like so many other trendy words,
wants, needs, hopes & goals: speech has devolved to mean something like, “Not sure, who knows, unwilling to
agile (adjective) commit, non-committal, no stance, undogmatic, don’t care...”
♦ Merriam-Webster’s online entry for this word is excellent.
agile development certainty & uncertainty / commitment & determination:
~ means constantly making small improvements
religion
agile and adaptive
security must be ~ (terrorism)
ago (two days ago / gone by)
agile and responsive two days ago
government must become more ~ to business they left ~
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Internet “father” Vint Cerf on ~ get ahead of the conversation
I’m not going to ~ that will take place (speculation)
choices ahead
he understands the hard ~ (a politician) timeliness & lack of timeliness: direction / position / prep,
adv, adj, particle
days ahead
there are better ~ ahead (competition)
road ahead ahead of those
no one knows what lies on the ~ (course of war) Swedish living standards are way ~ in the US
STORMS AHEAD miles ahead
~ (newspaper) it was ~ of every similar application
task ahead million miles ahead
the ~ for engineers and scientists is to… Liverpool are a ~ (of Manchester United / soccer)
book ahead two steps ahead
it’s good to ~ (camping reservations) the virus was ~ (of preventative measures)
lie ahead way ahead
your best days ~ Swedish living standards are ~ of those in the US
our best days ~
light years ahead
lies ahead she was ~ of her peers
no one knows what ~ today’s tech is ~ of the old techniques (forensics)
I don't know what ~
we are ready for the struggle that ~ (war) come out ahead
I'm going to beat him, I'll ~ (mixed-martial arts)
look ahead
let's ~ to the future puts them ahead
let’s ~, the way you have to in a chess game (Brexit) their strategy ~ of other banks
as we ~ to the elections coming up in November
competition: direction / movement / position / prep, adv,
looking ahead adj, particle / sports & games / walking, running & jumping
~, clouds appear on the horizon (economy)
ahead (progress)
plan ahead
it's good to ~ far ahead
rich countries are ~ of poor ones in adapting to warming
♦ “We’re so focused on what’s ahead, we’re not worried about what’s
behind us.” (The boxer Anthony Joshua, speaking about his rematch with
Andy Ruiz Jr. AJ had lost the first match, in a tremendous upset.)
forging ahead
other countries are ~ (aquaculture)
future / time: direction / journeys & trips / position / prep,
adv, adj, particle get ahead
never pass up an opportunity to ~
ahead (before a future event)
marching ahead
ahead of elections the science is ~ (genetic tests)
the increasingly bitter political climate ~ next summer
move ahead
ahead of the Challenger’s launch mentally ill people struggle to ~ in their lives
~, analysts could have made hundreds of charts... we must ~ into the future
Page 66 of 1574
surging ahead the broad ~ was to report on and discuss the…
Southeast Asia is ~ (aquaculture)
aim of a show of force
went ahead the ~ is deterrence (military)
the program ~ and was deemed a success
aim of storing
♦ Don't get mad, don't get even, get ahead.
Glen Canyon Dam was finished with the ~ water for…
progress & lack of progress / starting, going, continuing &
aim of overthrowing
ending: direction / movement / prep, adv, adj, particle / it has the stated ~ the government (an opposition group)
verb
aim in (my) life
ahead (go ahead) before Qeis, I had no ~ (a student)
went ahead with the event aim in (this) life
they ~ (in spite of pandemic) everyone has his own ~, and mine is to be a martyr
starting, going, continuing & ending: direction / journeys & nomads' (traditional) aim
trips / movement / verb the Tibetan ~ of maximizing herd size (vs. slaughter)
ailing (adjective) terrorists’ aim
if the ~ was to…
ailing
businesses are ~ because of government regulation intended aim
regulating the forces and means toward an ~ (military)
ailing economy
companies are feeling the effects of the ~ stated aim
the government is pumping money into the ~ it has the ~ of overthrowing the government
ailing Macs dual aim
she tends to ~ (tech worker) the immunizations have a ~ (protect and prevent)
ailing (housing) market first aim
ending the deduction could cripple an already ~ our ~ was to be competitive at the World Cup…
condition & status: health & medicine initial aim
having sex might have been his ~, but… (murderer)
aim (verb)
primary aim
aim to please a ~ of ED intervention is to.. (domestic abuse)
we ~ (a store motto)
strategic aim
aiming for application of military capability in support of ~s
and that's what we're ~ (making it easy for shoppers)
traditional aim
aimed for a Friday night liftoff the Tibetan nomads' ~ of maximizing herd size
the space agency ~
ultimate aim
aim for a fun, less sanitized view his ~ is to…
reenactors ~ of the Old West
unselfish aim
target / wants, needs, hopes & goals: verb / weapon
most seem motivated by ~s
aim (noun) one aim
aim the staff has only ~, turning fantasy into reality
if the ~ is to destroy vehicles, use mines (military) several aims
their ~ is to trigger fear and chaos (political assassins) President Clinton and his advisers had ~
their ~ is to survive (peasants)
achieve this aim
aims of the campaign to ~, we will have to…
ridding Iraq of WMD is one of the main ~
target / wants, needs, hopes & goals: weapon
aim of the ceremony
the ~ is to… (Swazi reed dance) aim (take aim at something)
aim of that operation take aim at (pretty much every) race
the ~ was to… (Russian military in Chechnya) his monologues ~ he can
aim of the symposium took aim at America
Page 67 of 1574
other veterans of the Russian-Afghan war ~ exudes an air
she ~ of sophistication
taking dead aim
his company is ~ at… (a competitor) appearance: air / atmosphere
feeling, emotion & effect: air / atmosphere
target: verb / weapon
air (environment)
aimed
air he breathes
aimed at Muslims that’s the ~ that he has internalized (Nazi website)
a string of attacks by extremist Christians ~
environment: air / atmosphere
aimed (specifically) at children identity & nature: air / atmosphere
products ~
air (anger in the air, etc.)
aimed at the (US) military
protest ~ have waxed and waned (S. Korea) in the air
change was ~ (the law)
aimed at the superstitious spring is ~
attention-grabbing advertisements ~ (muti) war is ~
aimed at abortion clinics and their workers the threat of litigation was always ~ (corporation)
attacks ~ (US) anger in the air
aimed at Pakistan's foreign community there is much ~
an assault ~ (on a church) electricity in the air
aimed at modernizing there is a new ~ (after combat and death)
he announced a series of reforms ~ the bureau fear in the air
aimed at preventing with the general ~, people are paying off debt, not buying
mosquito-control programs ~ further cases (West Nile) feeling in the air
aimed at punishing the ~ was he couldn’t have done it (charged at courthouse)
laws ~ habitual criminals environment / feeling, emotion & effect / presence &
aimed at reducing absence: air / atmosphere
regulations ~ noise pollution air (up in the air)
target: weapon
up in the air
air (air of authority, etc.) the school year ended with her plans ~
where things go from here is quite honestly ~
air of authority I think it’s still ~ a little bit (where athlete will commit to)
you'll carry an ~
up in the air whether
air of indifference it’s still ~... (making a decision)
she has a calculated ~ (teen girl)
still up in the air
air of invincibility her quest to land an internship is ~
America's ~ is gone (international basketball) when they can return to their homes is ~ (wildfires)
air of make-believe remains up in the air
diplomacy can have an ~ (protocol, etc.) the reason for the Moon Illusion ~
♦ “Up in the air” can link in certain cases to a phrase like, “Nobody knows
air of respectability how this plane lands” with the idea of resolution & conclusion.
toy drives give bikers an ~
certainty & uncertainty: air / atmosphere / prep, adv, adj,
air of sophistication particle
she exudes an ~
air (breath of fresh air)
air of superiority
he detected an ~ breath of fresh air
she's a ~ (politician)
arrogant air the blog is a ~ (field notes from scientists)
he had a preppie, ~ about him his lay status is a ~ (new college president)
carry an air I thought he was a ~, but it turns out he is an elitist
you'll ~ of authority breath of fresh air for the city
Page 68 of 1574
the mayor has been a ~ amelioration & renewal: air / atmosphere / verb
breath of fresh air after the scandal air (expose)
he seemed to be a ~ of Watergate (politics)
air it out
unexpected breath of fresh air you don’t have to ~ to the public where everyone can hear
their designs were an ~ (fashion show)
concealment & lack of concealment: air / atmosphere /
brings a breath of fresh air to the magazine verb
she ~ (new editor)
airbrushed
feeling, emotion & effect: air / atmosphere
amelioration & renewal: air / atmosphere / wind too slick, airbrushed, propaganda
many thought the video was ~, to gain support and funding
air (hot air)
appearance & reality / concealment & lack of concealment
hot air / subterfuge: infrastructure / materials & substances
a plan without action is ~
global warming is ~ (an opinion) aircraft carrier (turn an aircraft carrier)
just (a lot of) hot air aircraft carrier
people talk about mine safety, but it's ~ how long will it take, is it a matter of turning an ~ (change)
♦ “When I became president, one of the things I discovered coming into
a lot of hot air office is you’re in charge of a big apparatus... It’s an ocean liner and not
~ blows out of Washington (politics) a speedboat... Trying to change policy is really difficult.” (“Barak Obama
on 2020.”)
full of hot air ♦ “It will take time to turn around this metaphorical tanker in midstream.”
he's ~ (a politician) (Saudi-Israeli relations)
speech / substance & lack of substance: air / atmosphere reversal: boat / military / movement / size
air (into thin air) aired (and aired out)
disappeared into thin air being aired
she ~ (wanted for a crime) the divorce is over with no dirty laundry ~
vanished into thin air being aired out
it was like she just ~ (woman vanishes) these are general grievances that are ~ (the Oscars)
appearance & disappearance: air / atmosphere / sky concealment & lack of concealment: clothing & accessories
air (out of thin air) / hygiene
airtight (adjective)
appeared out of thin air
investors have ~ airtight alibi
come out of thin air his lawyers say he has an ~
ideas just don't ~ airtight case
emerge out of thin air prosecutors believe they have an ~
the fear of the undead didn't ~ seemed airtight
create credit out of thin air his alibi ~
the Federal Reserve can ~ flaws & lack of flaws: air / atmosphere
create profit out of thin air akin (adjective)
Wall Street can ~
akin to body armor
appearance & disappearance: air / atmosphere / sky we see vaccines as ~ (Defense Department)
origin: air / atmosphere / sky
akin to the Super Bowl
air (clear the air) in the mountainous nations, the Hahnenkamm is ~ (skiing)
clear the air akin to drunk driving
they had a meeting to ~ (athlete and coach) not masking is ~ (COVID)
an interview so she could ~ about what happened
if you had any lingering doubts, this should ~ relationship: family
Page 69 of 1574
alarm (feeling) comparison & contrast: epithet
alarm
alchemist (noun)
~ as dump sites fill up and overflow... alchemist of words
alarm over the (rotten-egg) odor an ~, Melville transformed his often mundane sources
there was ~ person: chemistry
alarm over (gun) violence creation & transformation: chemistry / person
most Americans feel ~ Alexander (Muslim Alexander, etc.)
alarm about (the military's) conduct Muslim Alexander
the case raises ~ in Iraq (atrocity) he conceived for himself an identity as the ~ (Mehmet II)
rising alarm importance & significance / military: epithet
~ over gun violence
alight (activity)
reason for alarm
stay calm, there is no ~ alight with posts
so there was plenty of ~ social networking sites are ~ from…
raises alarm alight with (conspiracy) theories
the case ~ about the military's conduct in Iraq the blogosphere is ~
♦ “We had now fairly entered the Molucca Sea. After dark it was a
feeling, emotion & effect: sound beautiful sight to look down on our rudders, from which rushed eddying
alarm (warning) streams of phosphoric light gemmed with whirling sparks of fire. It
resembled (more nearly than anything else to which I can compare it)
one of the large irregular nebulous star-clusters seen through a good
five-alarm telescope, with the additional attraction of ever-changing form and
this should have been a ~ fire in the White House, but... dancing motion.” (The Malay Archipelago by Alfred Russel Wallace,)
♦ "That night the fire-flies were in countless thousands, in millions, it
sounded alarms seemed... Suddenly, there was a blinding flash which for an instant lit up
Doctors Without Borders ~ (famine in Niger) the whole countryside, as a large meteor trailed its blazing tail across the
sky... As at the wave of a magic wand the illumination of the insects went
sounding the alarm out... Then suddenly in the herbage there appeared a spark again, and in
half a minute the air was again filled with the thousands of elfin lanterns
groups have been ~ about the Arab drug problem weaving their ethereal dances." (Dersu Uzala by V.K. Arseniev, in
Ussuria.)
warning: sound
activity: light & dark
albatross (noun)
alight (fire)
albatross of debt
the ~ he had been dealing with... (a politician) set the region alight
conflicts could ~ (Caucasus)
albatross for Oakland
the quote has become something of an ~ (“no there there”) activity / feeling, emotion & effect / initiation: fire
Page 70 of 1574
alive and well in the UK keep romance alive
regional stereotypes are ~ it's important to ~ (in a marriage)
remains alive and well keep the spark alive
the movement ~ the dreams of what were ahead helped ~ for me (love)
condition & status: death & life keep the tradition alive
he does his part to ~ (sumo in Brazil)
alive (activity)
survival, persistence & endurance: death & life / verb
alive with activity
the night sky, ~ (satellites, an eclipse, etc.) all (give something one’s all, etc.)
alive with rats gave it everything
the alley was ~ that evening... we ~
alive with rumor commitment & determination: verb
residential areas and offices were ~ (following attack)
allergic (adjective)
ever alive
he was a young man ~ to new ideas allergic to (small) boats
for those ~ in stormy seas…
activity: death & life
allergic to the concept
alive (come alive) economists are ~ of fairness (reform)
come alive allergic to him
they ~ (characters in a book / book review) I'm ~ (the two don't get along)
came alive avoidance & separation: health & medicine
the Peruvians ~ in the second half (World Cup soccer)
allergy (noun)
come alive at night
rats ~ allergy to stardom
he has an ~ (a successful actor, to Hollywood)
came alive in the second quarter
the team ~ avoidance & separation: health & medicine
Page 71 of 1574
cyclone alley all-star (legal) team
Madagascar sits on a type of ~ in the Indian Ocean he had an ~ (rich pedophile)
Hail Alley group, set & collection: sports & games
where Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming meet is “~” superlative: sports & games
iceberg alley alluring (adjective)
the Bonavista peninsula is the province’s so-called “~”
it’s been a busy season in ~ (Newfoundland and Labrador) alluring
A68a has been riding this “~” (Antarctica to South Georgia) the pitch is ~ (an educational fad)
attraction & repulsion: love, courtship & marriage / sex
"Lightning Alley"
the corridor is known as ~ (Tampa Bay to Titusville) ally (groups)
tornado alley ally
spring in ~ (U.S.) how to be an ~ and nurture a more inclusive world
Tornado Alley with an ally
~ runs from Texas through Oklahoma and Kansas being transgender can be hard, but made easier ~ (work)
area / route: storm / weather & climate ♦ “If you’re a white person, you’re getting to the perimeter, you’re putting
your body on the f****** line right now!” (“Black Protest Leaders To White
alley (Death Alley / U.S. 61, etc.) Allies: ‘It’s Our Turn To Lead Our Own Fight,’” NPR, All Things
Considered, September 22, 2020.)
Blood Alley inclusion & exclusion: society
Death Alley, ~, that's what they call it (a highway)
ally (other)
Death Alley
U.S. 61 is known as ~ (fatal crashes in Missouri) ally in curbing the spread
countries hope that technology will be an ~ of the virus
"hell highway"
killed returning to the reservation on the ~ (Arizona) allies in that fight
expressway to death she didn’t have a lot of ~ (trouble between 2 actors)
National highway 8 is known as the ~ (India) not as an enemy, but as an ally
route: infrastructure Democrats welcome change, ~ (politics)
Page 72 of 1574
on this altar of the gun god she had been the ~ (endorsement / athlete)
they are really human sacrifices ~ (mass shootings)
ambassador for marine life
on the altar of that peace whale sharks are a fantastic ~
~ Venice was to be sacrificed (France and Austria)
ambassador for the sport
on the altar of Radicalism he is a great ~ (Vitali Klitschko / boxing)
he sacrificed the South ~ (southern view of Grant)
ambassador for UNESCO
sacrifice your children on the altar she is a goodwill ~ (a famous film actor)
don’t ~ of bad science (anti-vaxxer propaganda)
ambassador to the world
sacrifice (energy) independence on the altar Ali is the goodwill ~ (the boxer)
he would ~ of environmental correctness
America’s best ambassador
sacrifice rights on the altar of terrorism he was ~ (Charles Barkley at the Barcelona Olympics)
we can’t ~ (facial recognition)
brand ambassador
laid so costly a sacrifice upon the altar the reality star is a ~ for the popular clothing brand
you have ~ of freedom (President Lincoln)
goodwill ambassador
sacrifice: religion she is a ~ for UNESCO (a famous film actor)
amalgam (noun) G-string ambassador
she has acted as the Y2K ~ in the past (Dua Lipa)
amalgam of (different) influences
Turkish cooking is an intriguing ~ de facto ambassador
he serves as the ~ of skateboarding (Tony Hawk)
amalgam of (changing death-penalty) politics
there is an ~ and concerns about the system tireless ambassador
he was a ~ for Beaujolais Nouveau (Georges Duboeuf)
amalgam of speed, timing, work-rate and pressure
he beat Baranchyk with an ~ (Scot boxer Josh Taylor) sees himself as an ambassador
he ~ for his sport (Tito Ortiz and mixed martial arts)
mixture: materials & substances
self-described (‘edible insect) ambassador’
Amazon (epithet / biodiversity) the ~ promotes the use of insect protein
Amazon of the North ♦ "I don't even know what an ambassador really was. When I think of
ambassadors I think of living off government money and jet-setting with
the Great Bear Rain Forest is often called the ~ (BC) girlfriends." (The great boxer Mike Tyson, on a trip to China to promote
boxing.)
Ocean's Amazon
♦ “She is now training to become their new ambassador.” (Flerken, a half
the Coral Triangle has been called the ~ African serval cat and half domestic cat, for the Ark Wildlife Park.)
biodiversity / comparison & contrast / geography: epithet ♦ “You are attaching your logo to the athlete and should this enter a legal
realm, every time he goes into a courtroom, that’s your logo walking in
Amazon (the company) on two legs.” (A sports analyst about an athlete charged with several
counts of sexual abuse. In other words, players are ambassadors for
their teams, whether they want to be or don’t.)
Amazon
~ has made Jeff Bezos rich attention, scrutiny & promotion / representation:
proper name: place government / person
person / role: government
Amazon (epithet / the company)
amber (traffic light)
Amazon of South Korea
Coupang is often referred to as the ~ (online retailer) “amber list”
it will not be illegal for Britons to travel to ~ Greece
worth & lack of worth: epithet
comparison & contrast / size: epithet classified as amber
travel to France, Spain and Greece are now ~ (pandemic)
ambassador (role)
sanctioning, authority & non-conformity: color / sign, signal,
ambassador of skateboarding symbol
he serves as the ~ (Tony Hawk)
ambush (verb)
ambassador for the Cherokee
she will be an ~ (Miss Cherokee Fair / Eastern Band) ambush us
desire can ~, take us by surprise (sex)
ambassador for the (Jaguar) brand
Page 73 of 1574
ambush him with the news cannot pay—he is taken for a slave or has gambled away his wife or
child into slavery—he sees no way of recovering what he has lost... He
so tonight I ~ grasps his kris-handle, and the next moment draws out the weapon and
stabs a man to the heart. He runs on, with bloody kris in his hand,
readiness & preparedness: military stabbing at everyone he meets. ‘Amok! Amok!’ then resounds through
the streets...” (The Malay Archipelago by Alfred Russel Wallace.)
ambushed
behavior: mental health
felt ambushed control & lack of control: mental health
one man ~ by her appearance
amped (strength)
readiness & preparedness: military
amped up with (plenty of) chilies
ammunition (and ammo) the dish is ~
ammunition for critics amped up audio system
this will provide ~ the car has an ~
ammo for critics strength & weakness: electricity
all this was ~, who believed...
amped (feeling)
ammunition for lawsuits
it could be used as ~ amped up
the importance of the game has both teams ~
political ammunition he was so ~ that he didn't notice…
the "missile gap" provided ~ to air-power advocates
amped up on sugar and carbs
gather (political) ammunition kids who are ~ can't learn as well
he asked a foreign leader to help him ~ against an opponent
amped up men
give ammunition she had no business walking through a mob of ~
the video is sure to ~ to critics
remain amped up
accusation & criticism: military / weapon after a performance he would ~ (musician)
amnesia (noun) feeling, emotion & effect: electricity
consciousness & awareness: health & medicine snap responses, speed, amplification
the social web is architected for ~
amputate (remove)
increase & decrease: sound
amputate
~ before the infection spreads (poor players at Man U)
amplified
♦ “She was in tears over the abrupt amputation of her social life and amplified in a feedback loop
turmoil at home.” (A high-school senior talking to her school counselor
via Zoom. The student’s school had been closed due to the Coronavirus
the narrative was ~ by the media (Steele Dossier)
pandemic.)
amplified by the media echo chamber
dismissal, removal & resignation / division & connection: their views are ~ (stock analysts, commentators, etc.)
health & medicine / skin, muscle, nerves & bone / verb
amplified by the media megaphone
amok (run amok) an analyst, his voice ~, can send a stock soaring or sinking
Page 74 of 1574
amplify those ideas bases: boat
a conservative media ecosystem helps ~ (alt-right)
anchored
amplify their message
they use social media to ~ (extremists) anchored in old ways
leadership is still ~ (politics)
amplify his message
he counted on his critics to ~ anchored to the document text
the selected object is ~ here (text box Microsoft Word)
amplify (pro-government) narratives
attachment / movement / division & connection / progress
these networks ~ (the internet)
& lack of progress: boat
speaks up and amplifies
the Koori Mail ~ Black voices (Australian newspaper) ancien regime
increase & decrease: sound / verb ancien regime of Hosni Mubarak
message: sound / tools & technology / verb Morsi replaced the ~
amp up (verb) creature of the ancien regime
to his detractors he was a ~ (politics)
amped up the discussion
the film really ~ about global warming factions of the ancien regime
negotiations among ~ and Gulf monarchies (Yemen / 2015)
amping up their rhetoric
Republicans are ~ (politics) candidates from the ancien regime
~ (Field Marshal Ahmed Shafiq, Amr Moussa, etc.)
amped up the violence
high tackles led with the helmet have ~ in football past & present / time: allusion / history
primacy, currency, decline & obsolescence: allusion /
increase & decrease: electricity history
anathema anemic (adjective)
anathema to the Koch network anemic
tariffs and trade wars are ~ earnings have been ~
sales have been ~
anathema to (many) media outlets and academics economic growth has been ~
these proposals were ~ (New Consensus think tank) turnout was ~ (election)
sanctioning, authority & non-conformity: religion
anemic 1.5 percent
ancestor (go before) the rate of economic growth slowed to an ~
Page 75 of 1574
she has been remembered as the ~ (Sally Louisa Tompkins) angel (superlative)
“Angel of Dien Bien Phu” voice of an angel
the US press gave her the name ~ (Genevieve de Galard)
she has the ~ (a singer from Isan)
military: epithet
lost an angel
epithet: creature
Macedonia and the Balkans ~ (Tose Proeski)
angel (Angel of Death, etc.) ♦ When the Macedonian pop star Tose Proeski died in 2007 at age 26 in
a car crash in Croatia, Archbishop Stefan, the head of the Macedonian
Angel of Death Orthodox Church, said, "Macedonia and the Balkans lost an angel." It
was a sentiment felt across the Balkans.
Josef Mengele, the ~ (Nazi doctor at Auschwitz)
superlative: creature / religion
“Angel of the Gap”
Australia mourns ~ (Don Ritchie, who prevented suicides) angel (angel-faced)
death & life: epithet angel-faced child
epithet: creature the ~ who tells lies
angel (the Los Angeles Angels, etc.) appearance: creature / religion
Guardian Angels angel (guardian angel)
Gardiens de Nuit is a French version of New York's ~
guardian angel
Hell’s Angels tell my son I will always be his ~ (suicide note)
~ member sentenced to 14 years in prison for... the ~ of Nazare (Sergio Cosme / jet ski driver / surfing)
Los Angeles Angles Chen Si is the bridge’s self-appointed ~ (stops suicides)
the ~ are in the American League West (MLB) ♦ People query Google Search with questions like: How do I know I have
a guardian angel? and How do I talk to my guardian angel?
proper name: creature / religion
help & assistance / protection & lack of protection:
angel (appearance) creature / religion
Page 76 of 1574
help & assistance: creature / religion he had a reputation as a ~ (a soccer player)
angle (from an angle) behavior / character & personality / restraint & lack of
restraint: animal
from every angle
I have considered the issue ~ animal (insult)
from a new angle animal
these conclusions help us look at the tragedy ~ an ~ decided to take her life (murder of coed)
from ten different angles animals come out
I wanted to think through these issues ~ (a writer) all the ~ at night (the film Taxi Driver)
considered the problem from every angle rabid animals
I have ~ they are ~ that should all be put down (looters, arsonists)
look at the tragedy from a new angle wild animals
these conclusions help us ~ they threw my boy in a cage with those ~ (prison)
perception, perspective & point of view: geometry animals tormented him
analysis, interpretation & explanation: geometry those wild ~ until he became mean as they were (prison)
animal (different animal, etc.) ♦ “The thought that he was waiting for some woman to attack her and do
what he wanted to do... I was just thinking, what a horrible animal, vile
animal, he is...” (The sister of a murder victim.)
different animal
♦ “The animal that did this is no longer on this earth.” (Police solve a cold
urban warfare is a ~ than fighting in the open case. The murderer had died in 2013.)
the new style of aggressive ad is a ~ (Internet)
affliction / insult: animal
two (very) different animals
the map of the Pacific before and after Cook are ~ anodyne (adjective)
unique animal anodyne drone
considering public education, Maine is something of a ~ the ~ typing away in her silent cubicle
taxonomy & classification: animal anointed his (long-time) ally as his successor
he ~ (Nursultan Nazarbayev)
animal (political animal, etc.)
anointed him as the candidate
narrative animals the Democratic establishment has ~ (Joe Biden)
we are ~, we love a good story (Guillermo del Toro)
anoint him as the Democratic nominee
political animal Biden appealed to Sanders backers to ~
he's a ~ and will probably go along with Israel (politics)
Karl is not a ~ (a law enforcement leader) anoint a political heir
I see myself as not a ~ in this job (DNI) he wants to ~
identity & nature: animal anointed him one of the beautiful people
People magazine ~
animal (party animal, etc.)
sanctioning, authority & non-conformity: religion / verb
playboy and a party animal
Page 77 of 1574
anointed antediluvian policy
its ~ of opposing women priests (job advert for vicar)
anointed the (art world's newest) star ♦ Lord Judge, former lord chief justice: In my opinion, the time has
he has been ~ arrived when the requirement for the physical presence of a child—
witness or victim—within the court building should be regarded as an
anointed as the Party’s standard-bearer antediluvian hangover from laughable far-off days of the quill pen and the
ink well.” (BBC, World at One, “An antediluvian hangover.” A child could
he was ~ (Hubert Humphrey) be asked questions via video conferencing.)
get anointed past & present / time: Bible / religion
how exactly did he ~ as the voice of Black America primacy, currency, decline & obsolescence: Bible / religion
sanctioning, authority & non-conformity: religion antenna (noun)
answer (noun) antennae
answer I walk around with my ~ up, ready for trouble (gang)
the ~ is in front of us antenna for (racial) slights
the answer is he has no ~ (Nigerian immigrant in US)
~ reform and an awake electorate consciousness & awareness: tools & technology
answer to social issues anthem (noun)
criminalization is frequently America’s ~
anthem
fictive communication: speech it's been an ~ ever since (Aretha sings "Respect")
answer (Britain’s answer to Bill Gates, anthem of African Americans
etc.) it became the ~ (“Say it clear, say it loud...)
China’s answer to Lord of the Rings anthem among Pentecostals in the Appalachians
while it might be easy to describe Condo Heroes as ~... the song became an ~ ("There ain't no grave…”)
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the ~ of an entire generation (“You forgot the color film”) antique (adjective)
♦ “It became the national anthem of African Americans.” (“Say it clear,
say it loud, I am black, and I am proud.” Sung by Nina Simone.) antique
♦ “This story is part of American Anthem, a yearlong series on songs that it seems so ~ now… (a sentiment)
rouse, unite, celebrate and call to action. Find more at NPR.org/Anthem.”
primacy, currency, decline & obsolescence: antiques
identity & nature / representation: music past & present / time: antiques
anthemic (adjective) antique (noun)
anthemic single antique
the album’s ~ “FREEDOM” (Jon Batiste) the revenue system is an ~ (economy)
identity & nature / representation: music turned the telegraph into an antique
comparison & contrast: affix the telephone ~
antibody (noun) primacy, currency, decline & obsolescence: antiques
“antibody response” within the government past & present / time: antiques
there was an ~ (rejection of lab-leak theory) anvil (shape)
attraction & repulsion / protection & lack of protection: anvil top
health & medicine a cumulonimbus mass with a dramatic ~
anticlimax (noun) anvil storm clouds
those majestic ~ that form on a hot summer’s day
sad anticlimax
his last campaign proved a ~ (an admiral) shape: tools & technology
development: theater anxiety (noun)
antidote (noun) class anxiety
antidote to adversity the raw nerve of English society, ~
a cheerful disposition and a sunny smile are the ~ social anxiety
antidote to the boredom ways to conquer ~
provide an ~ of teaching numbers, months, etc. financial anxiety
antidote to criminality the film is strikingly fraught with ~ (Sex and the City)
empathy is the ~ (versus idea of "bad seed") crucible of anxiety
antidote to cynicism how to handle the ~ (college admissions)
this book is an ~ irritation and anxiety
antidote to the (poisonous) doctrine students express ~ (rising tuition, fewer classes)
he was an ~ of extremism devoured by anxiety
antidote to violence she is ~ when she’s not working (magazine editor)
violence is not an ~ (capital punishment) ♦ “Years later, I have ptsd, I have panic attacks I go to therapy. Finally
I’m ready to talk about it and finally heal.” (Gabby, about a sexual
antidotes to hatred and intolerance assault.)
caring and sympathy are the best ~ ♦ “Every culture possesses what Edward Shorter, a medical historian at
the University of Toronto, calls a ‘symptom repertoire’—a range of
antidote against self-pity physical symptoms available to the unconscious mind for the physical
expression of psychological conflict.’ In parts of India, patients are said to
our callousness was an ~ (hospital ward) suffer from dhat syndrome: they complain of impotence and have the
delusion that they are losing their semen. In Nigeria, students who can’t
antidote for stress retain information and report feeling a burning sensation in their heads
a break from work is a necessary ~ (vacations) are sometimes given a diagnosis of ‘brain fag.’ The illnesses are
reinforced by a local belief that the symptoms are a sign of authentic
view (Tibetan) Buddhism as an antidote suffering, worthy of expert attention and care.” (“The Apathetic: Why are
refugee children falling unconscious?” by Rachel Aviv, The New Yorker,
some Han Chinese ~ to the materialism and greed… April 3, 2017.)
♦ In "Seldom Disappointed," the great Tony Hillerman writes about the
seemingly callous banter and traditions of badly wounded soldiers on a feeling, emotion & effect: mental health
hospital ward in Europe during WWII. For example, a soldier has his right
arm amputated and when he returns to the ward he is greeted by his apart (division)
comrades as "Lefty!" Hillerman makes the point that, while such behavior
seems "barbarous," it is, in fact, an antidote to self-pity. apart
amelioration & renewal: health & medicine they reunited after years of being ~
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wide apart ♦ “The Subscription-Pocalypse Is About To Hit” by Brian Moritz, Nieman
Lab, Predictions For Journalism 2019. His thought is, there are just too
the two sides remained ~ many things to subscribe to, so people will begin to cut back.)
grew apart ♦ “This could be ‘the year of the gas-pocalypse’ analysts tell the Los
Angeles Times...” (“Pained By Prices At The Pump? They’re Likely To
we ~ (divorce) Go Even Higher” by Mark Memmott, NPR, The Two-Way, January 6,
2012.)
division & connection: prep, adv, adj, particle
♦ A national shortage of Kraft Velveeta cheese at the start of 2014 was
avoidance & separation: prep, adv, adj, particle referred to as a cheesepocalypse.
apartheid (separation) ♦ Poppy Apocalypse; Poppypalooza... (In 2019, a super bloom of desert
poppies saw the town of Lake Elsinore, California, descended on by an
political apartheid army of blissed-out tourists equipped with cell phones and selfie sticks
and earbuds. They parked alongside an interstate, blocked local roads,
we’ve got ~ in this country (US politics) trampled everything, climbed trees to get the best photos, and fell down
hills. A dog was bitten by a rattlesnake.
division & connection: allusion / history
destruction: allusion / Bible
ape (verb)
apogee (at an apogee)
aped the materialism
regimes which ~ of irreligious others (Sayyid Qutb) at its apogee
the British Empire was ~
behavior / repetition: animal / verb
at his creative apogee
apex (highest point) when he was ~…
at the apex of the boom growth & development / primacy, currency, decline &
he invested ~ obsolescence: astronomy / direction
apex (of the fad's popularity) came apogee (noun)
the ~ when…
apogee of chic
reached its apex Paris is the ~
their rivalry ~ last year (two athletes)
growth & development: direction
apogee of his career
the film was the ~
primacy, currency, decline & obsolescence: direction
apex (achievement) apogee of excellence
the Grande Armee reached its ~ (1805-1807)
apex of their profession apogee of fame
women can still have kids and reach the ~
Grant reached a new ~ (after victory at Chattanooga)
at the apex of her career apogee of a trend
she is ~
we have simply reached an ~ (minimalism in fashion)
achievement, recognition & praise: direction
movement's apogee
apex (apex animal, etc.) it was the ~
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exhibitors are ~ of Netflix (independent theaters) operation: government / mechanism
apoplectic with what appetite (whet the appetite)
he would be ~ is going on today (dead father)
whet audiences' appetites for films
had diplomats apoplectic movie trailers ~
his phone call with the President of Taiwan ~
whet people's appetite for spending
went apoplectic museums try to ~
the Internet ~ (over a provocation about race)
whet the appetites of fans
makes him apoplectic the ad campaign is designed to ~ (TV)
it’s one of those little things that ~
whet the appetites of investors
feeling, emotion & effect: health & medicine the company's performance will not ~
apostasy (noun) whet appetites for a rematch
their fight ~ (boxing)
referred to criticism as apostasy
he ~ (Papandreou) increase & decrease: blade / knife
♦ “Papandreou referred to criticism of some of his individual policies by
PASOK members as ‘apostasy’—a word that in its original Greek form,
appetite (appetite for fur, etc.)
apostassia, carries a strong theological undertone from the days of
Byzantium, when emperors, ruling by Divine Right, were judged appetite to return
‘infallible,’ thus making their critics ‘heretics’ or ‘apostates.’” (Balkan will audiences have an ~ to the teachers (post-COVID)
Ghosts: A Journey Through History by Robert D. Kaplan.)
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he had an ~ (a poet) the Y has increased the number of debates to ~
appetite for timber reduce our appetite
China's voracious ~ is deforestating Siberia (Russia) we must ~ for oil
appetite for cars, cell phones, appliances and services satisfies the appetite
the ~ increases daily (China) nothing ~ for allegory quite like a zombie film
appetite for gambling suppress the appetite
North Carolinians appear to have a strong ~ perils and jitters ~ for private and corporate risks
♦ “People often suppose that penal systems recruit sadists. But cruelty is
appetite for skateboarding an appetite that grows with feeding...” (The Fatal Shore by Robert
the local ~ Hughes, from the chapter “Norfolk Island.”)
appetite (for consumer goods) increases achievement, recognition & praise: apple / sign, signal,
their ~ daily (China) symbol
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~s tend to find one another Carroll's rah-rah style and Stoop's more ~ vary sharply
don’t let a few ~s spoil it for the rest of us we take a ~ to business (honesty, integrity)
“bad apple” argument old and new approaches
I don’t buy the ~ (war, combat and atrocities) NASA will pursue both ~ simultaneously
rotten apples pillar of the (US) approach
there are ~ in every barrel (bad cops) another ~ is to minimize civilian casualties
work of (a few) bad apples direction: movement
the Pentagon said the abuse was the ~ (military prison)
approach (the approach of summer, etc.)
character & personality: apple / fruits & vegetables
corruption: apple / food & drink with the approach of summer
its staff swells to 400 ~
apple (the apple doesn’t fall far from the
future / time: direction / movement
tree, etc.)
approaching (adjective)
apple
those ~s long ago fell from the Marxist tree (ideas) approaching elections
♦ The apple doesn't fall far from the tree! (Often said of fathers and the US has called the ~ unfair
sons.)
approaching spring
product: apple / fruits & vegetables melting snow and ~ brings thoughts of…
relationship: apple / fruits & vegetables
future / time: direction / movement
approach (winter is approaching, appropriation (groups)
etc.)
appropriation of (urban) youth culture
date is approaching this is an ~ (the word “bae” and corporate social media)
the application ~
cultural appropriation
end is (fast) approaching ~ and preferential treatment (#BlackTikTokStrike)
the ~ Mexican restaurateurs in France see it as ~ (French tacos)
war is approaching (cultural) appreciation, not (cultural) appropriation
~ in the Arabian Gulf Miss EmpowHer waist beads are ~
♦ “Appropriation, the most misappropriated word in the English language
deadlines are approaching at this time. Stuff and nonsense.” (greatpix about the
holiday shipping ~ #BlackTikTokStrike.)
♦ "When you don't know what's coming down the pike, you worry." (A ♦ “Moccasin maker Minnetonka is publicly apologizing for making money
businesswoman, speaking about government regulation.) off of Native culture.” (Moccasin, Minnetonka and indeed Minneapolis
and Minnesota all come from native American languages.)
future / time: direction / movement / verb
inclusion & exclusion: society
approach (a number, etc.)
aquifer (noun)
approach 100,000 deaths
as we ~ from the virus here in the U.S. huge aquifer
I had this ~ underneath of stories (Stephen King)
attainment: number ♦ “I had this huge aquifer underneath of stories that I wanted to tell and I
stuck a pipe down in there and everything just gushed out. There’s still a
approach (a better approach, etc.) lot of it, but there’s not as much now.” (Stephen King: The Rolling Stone
Interview.)
potshot approach
I don’t like that kind of a ~ (politics and criticism) source: water / ground, terrain & land
amount: water
take-no-prisoners approach
the ~ to justice
archipelago (noun)
confrontational approach archipelago of (fortified) camps
his ~ was rejected as a relic of the past (coach) they moved them into an ~ for political reeducation
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archipelago of black sites area (territory)
he had been tortured in the CIA’s ~
my area
saw themselves as a small archipelago biology isn’t ~
they ~ of decency in a rising sea of moral pollution
♦ Japan, Indonesia and the Philippines are archipelago nations. area: ground, terrain & land
♦ The crews of the ill-fated Franklin expedition, searching for a Northwest arena (in / inside the arena)
Passage, perished in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
♦ Alfred Russel Wallace pickled orangutans in barrels and collected in the mental health arena
butterflies in the Malay Archipelago. this has become an issue ~
♦ The Solomon Islands archipelago saw fierce fighting during World War
II. in the homeland security arena
♦ Lakes and even rivers can have archipelagos: Lake Baikal contains an anyone in the ~ will tell you that...
archipelago. What a wonderful place that would be to visit!
in the legal one
configuration: sea / island this will be debated in the political arena, not ~
architect (as verb) in the legislative arena
they would lose this battle ~
architect a life
~ that feels full, genuine, rich and beautiful (influencer) inside the legislative arena
Republicans have the upper hand ~
architect them
he is able to take all my ideas and ~ (fashion industry) in the political arena
creation & transformation: infrastructure / part of speech / these questions will be debated ~, not the legal one
verb in academic and professional arenas
develop their languages for use ~
architect (creator)
lose (this battle) in the legislative arena
architect of apartheid they would ~
a statue of Hendrik Verwoerd, the ~ (South Africa)
♦ “’Bae’ may be in the extreme get-the-fk-out-of-here phrase arena.”
architect of change (“Where did ‘Bae’ Come From?” by Natasha Zarinsky, Esquire, July 25,
2014.)
she was a legendary ~ (a feminist)
conflict: history / infrastructure / sports & games
architects of the doctrine
the ~ remain its strongest defenders (military) arise (verb)
architect of (Iraq's) program arise
"Dr. Germ," the chief ~ for biological weapons (BW) these are just some of the issues that can ~ (workplace)
we will deal with those cases as they ~ (sex assault)
architects of the Final Solution
Eichmann was one of the ~ arises from the ashes
adoption is a miracle that ~ of despair
architect of the war on terrorism
he is the ~ crisis (of enormous gravity) has arisen
a~
deal's (chief) architect
after the ~ was eased out… (hospital merger) appearance & disappearance / growth & development /
occurrence: direction / verb
chief architect
after the deal's ~ was eased out… (hospital merger) aristocracy (noun)
creation & transformation: infrastructure / person Cambridge intellectual aristocracy
person: infrastructure the club was his entrée into the world of ~ (Apostles)
architected rock aristocracy
all of ~ was coming (to see Cat Sevens and Carly Simon)
architected
how society is ~ (social justice) L.A.’s lustrous hip-istocracy
Adler was a star within ~ (Girls Like Us / Sheila Weller)
architected by FDR
he has ended the American era that was ~ (politics) superlative: royalty
architected for snap responses, speed, amplification aristocratic (aristocratic wine, etc.)
the social web is ~
aristocratic wines
creation & transformation: infrastructure
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~ at democratic prices (commercial) ♦ “We’ve got to get our arms around this crisis [COVID] so we can get
our arms around our economy and make sure that people are safe. So...”
superlative: royalty (Governor Gretchen Whitmer on ABC.)
♦ Michele Martin of NPR has given us “get one’s hands around
arithmetic something,” seemingly on the analogy of a part of the body, or perhaps
to “freshen up” the cliche! What’s next?
parliamentary arithmetic ♦ It is hard to know what the physical basis is for this cliché, but it is now
Johnson faces exactly the same ~ (as Theresa May) deeply embedded in contempo-speak.
analysis, interpretation & explanation: number comprehension & incomprehension: arm / verb
strategy: number control & lack of control: arm / verb
arm (twist arms, etc.) arm (arm of an organization)
twisted arms to limit arm of the Kremlin
behind the scenes, the US government ~… as an ~, Gazprom usually gets its way
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they ~ armchair (armchair traveller, etc.)
welcomed Disney with open arms armchair analysis
Orlando and Florida ~ (Magic Kingdom)
psychiatrists may not engage in ~ (ethics and politics)
welcomed the Confucius Institute with open arms Armchair Britain
many universities have ~
Today’s destination is Cornwall (~)
welcome them (back) with open arms armchair critic
we will ~ (rebellious soldiers)
the ~s, who have never achieved anything... (sports)
♦ "This country has a history of opening its arms. Today, its arms were
closed…" (Senator Barbara Boxer, on the failure of the Dream Act that armchair detective
would have given a path to citizenship to young migrants.)
Kar is the typical ~ (a murder investigation)
acceptance & rejection / welcome: arm
armchair enthusiast
avoidance & separation: arm / distance I’m no F1 guru, but am an avid ~ and could see... (crash)
division & connection: arm / distance
arm (long arm) armchair epidemiologists
beware ~ who have a solution to everything (pandemic)
long arm of Iran Armchair Expert
Hezbollah is the ~
during an appearance on the ~ podcast... (Dax and Monica)
long arm of the law armchair fans
no matter how long it takes, the ~ will catch up with you
they are out of town glory supporting ~(soccer snark)
long-arm statute ~ had criticized Southgate’s team selection (3 Lions win)
they are subject to jurisdiction pursuant to Virginia’s ~
armchair explorers
♦ When workers stayed in boarding houses and ate communally in a a tightknit community of ~ (Forest Fenn website)
dining room, they had to develop a “boardinghouse reach” or risk going
hungry!
armchair investigator
coercion & motivation / extent & scope: arm he had begun working with another ~ (lab-leak hypothesis)
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♦ “Another keyboard coroner with his expert autopsy analysis from the ~ story (fans of Arnold Palmer)
thousands of miles away.” (Sarcastic comment on message board about
a police shooting.) Barmy Army
♦ “She called out some of the keyboard cowards with reasoned replies.” the ~ must have been disappointed (English cricket)
(Social media trolls / cyberbullies.)
Britney Army
experience: house
the ~ (#FreeBritney)
armed orange army
armed with the information Verstappen’s ~ guaranteed a unique atmosphere (F1)
~, officials tracked down the criminals Tartan Army
armed with a microscope members of the ~ (Scotland’s national football team)
~, he measured… (a scientist) the ~ belts out “Yes Sir, I Can Boogie” in London
♦.“’Boogie my... ‘ growled a disappointed Sean Connery, at McLeods
armed with her new mobility Publick House on W Main Street, after Scotland lost to Croatia. ‘What
the child begins exploring the world ~ have the descendants of Culloden, of Seringapatam, St. Valery and
Tumbledown Mountain come to? It almost makes me wish I could return
armed with vast computing power to Kafiristan!’” (“Elderly Scottish Visitor Disappears After Soccer Result,”
The Dothan Eagle, Dothan, Alabama.)
~, scientists will try to model a nuclear blast
♦ Fans of the “Who Weekly” podcast call themselves Wholigans, they
armed (only) with her five senses have their own language and inside jokes, and they support the hosts by
subscribing on Patreon.
she makes diagnoses ~ (doctor)
♦ “Hi, are you a Saweetie?” (The rapper greeting people to a private club
armed with (fresh) search warrants in West Hollywood.)
police arrived ~ ♦ “It’s part of a boyishness that Musk-eteers really love about him.” (Jill
Lepore using a term for followers of Elon Musk.)
armed with cash, good will, and local knowledge
enthusiasm / group, set & collection: military
they practice "public diplomacy" ~
help & assistance: military / weapon
army (a large group)
armor (protection) army of emojis
the smiley morphed into a whole ~
armour of obstinacy and willful ignorance
the Germans are deaf and blind, enclosed in an ~ army of fans
an ~ broke out in celebration (#FreeBritney)
opponent's armor
she uncovered a critical chink in her ~ army of followers
he'll have an ~ (Apolo Ohno at Olympics)
chink in his armor
see chink (chink in one’s armor) army of (private) investors
an ~ spotted a chance (GameStop)
♦ “Life would be easier if vaccines offered invincible armor.” (Covid
pandemic.) army of pastors
protection & lack of protection: Middle Ages / military / evangelicals are spreading rapidly through an ~
weapon army of people
armory (noun) it takes an ~ to get you ready (Sandra Oh / Oscars)
Page 87 of 1574
his war chest and ~ make him an unstoppable juggernaut growing arsenal
♦ “I think what people are worried about in this ad is that he says ‘army of there is a ~ of fire-fighting tools on the market
supporters’... We believe the language ‘army of supporters’ is not really
calling for an army but is calling on people who are normal campaign brought history into the arsenal
volunteers.” (Sheryl Sandberg, the Chief Operating Officer of Facebook, Erasmus and his followers ~ of the Reformation
about a 2020 political ad.)
♦ On Sunday, January 27, 2002, an arms depot blew up on a military
amount: military base in the densely packed Ikeja area of Lagos. A series of blasts shook
the city, and chaos reigned as thousands fled, not knowing what was
arouse (verb) happening. At a canal several miles away, in the darkness, more than a
thousand people drowned in a great crowd stampede. As is common in
such stampedes, many of the victims were women and children.
aroused suspicions
what they said ~ amount / group, set & collection: weapon / military
consciousness & awareness: sleep / verb help & assistance: weapon / military
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commercial and military artery ascent (other)
the Gulek Pass has been a major ~ for millennia (Turkey)
ascent to celebrity
route: blood
Julia examines the famous chef’s ~ (HBO Max)
branching system: blood
ascent (of his party) to power
Arthurian (adjective) the ~ in 1968 led to…
Arthurian figure rapid ascent
he became an ~ in Greek popular culture (Constantine XI) the company has seen a ~
fantasy & reality: allusion / history / person slow the ascent
allusion: books & reading action to ~ of their currencies
comparison & contrast: affix
ascent, apogee and decline
artisanal (adjective) sport compresses life’s natural trajectory of ~
artisanal items growth & development: direction
using salvaged foods as ingredients in ~ primacy, currency, decline & obsolescence: direction
artisanal mezcal ashes (from the ashes)
importing ~ for distribution in the U.S. market
from the ashes of the Ottoman Empire
artisanal food shop Turkey rose ~
~ helps Kosovo war-rape survivors earn income and heal
from the ashes of the Korean War
artisanal mining but ~ we rose (South Korean President)
~ supports poor families in the region (the Congo)
♦ “Come 2012, there’s a new food vocabulary: authentic, craft, small from the ashes of apartheid
batch, artisan, rustic and, of course, local. It’s the opposite of processed, ~, Soweto is emerging as a vibrant place…
mass produced and factory farmed...” (“Artisanal And Authentic, The
Flavors Of The New Year” by Bonny Wolf, NPR, Weekend Edition from the ashes of despair
Sunday, January 1, 2012.) adoption is a miracle that arises ~
creation & transformation: hand / manufacturing
emerged from the ashes
artwash (verb) the League ~ of World War I
concealment & lack of concealment: hygiene / verb amelioration & renewal / destruction / origin: fire
appearance & reality: hygiene / verb creation & transformation: fire
Page 89 of 1574
the ~ I have for Afghanistan is that... (Ashraf Ghani) ♦ “The Internet has brought a whole community of brain tinglers together,
who can upload and share videos and talk about their experiences, to
tall ask their heart’s content.” (BBC Radio 4, Seriously, “Brain Tingles.”)
it may be a ~ to replicated his stats from... (NFL) ♦ According to a BBC writer, John Butler, the “former farmer” and
“YouTube sensation,” provided tingly or shivery solace to millions during
formal or explicit ask the COVID pandemic. (BBC, “Asmr: Former farmer, 84, is accidental
YouTube star,” 14 June 2021.)
no ~ was ever made (for celebrity to leave Oscars)
♦ Merriam-Webster added ASMR in January 2021.
quite the ask ♦ “People who don’t have ASMR don’t really get it... You got to have a lot
the idea of doing all that is ~ (privacy etiquette / guests) of subscribers.” (An ASMR video-maker.)
asleep
assassination (character assassination)
all the governments are ~ (Middle East) character assassination
♦ “I hope this film shakes people from their slumber.” (The great to call him an anti-Semite is ~
filmmaker and New York Knicks fan Spike Lee.) calling him a racist is ~
consciousness & awareness: sleep
character assassination through silence
asleep (at the switch, etc.) inaction can be ~
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creation & transformation: manufacturing we don’t know whether this is real ~ (protests)
asterisk (attention) ♦ “Sometimes it’s very hard to verify. Sometimes it’s very hard to know
the motivations of the person... Astro turf, things that appear real but are
fake, right, we’re in this moment where there’s so much fakery...”
asterisk next to his name (Damien Cave, The New York Times.)
there should always be an ~ (drugs / a boxer)
appearance & reality / concealment & lack of concealment
asterisk beside this victory / subterfuge: infrastructure
there will forever be a metaphorical ~ (split decision)
astroturfer (noun)
with an asterisk
this is justice ~ (exoneration came much too late) astroturfers
~ present themselves as grassroots organizations
giant asterisk
all 3 shootings, there’s a ~ next to them (a policeman) astroturfers aim
~ to make you think you’re an outlier when you’re not
attention, scrutiny & promotion: letters & characters
astroturfers claim
astir (adjective) ~ to debunk myths that aren’t myths at all
astir in the world appearance & reality / concealment & lack of concealment
great things were ~ (the Renaissance) / subterfuge: infrastructure
set the baseball world astir astroturfing
the news ~
astroturfing
activity: movement / sleep ~ masks the sponsor, who is not grassroots
astray (direction) “~” creates the appearance of a grass-roots campaign
appearance & reality / concealment & lack of concealment
gone astray
science has ~, gone off the rails, many times / subterfuge: infrastructure
♦ “Follow the prophet, don’t go astray / Follow the prophet, he knows the asylum (insane asylum, etc.)
way.” (A Mormon children’s song.)
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in this highly charged atmosphere it's a ~ (Wild West Weekend at historic village)
~ the bombings started (Saudi Arabia)
party atmosphere
in a calm atmosphere a ~ had taken over
~ we tend to win the debate the ~, the trinket booths (Gay Pride parades)
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environment or atmosphere atrophy (verb)
does this create a new ~ (Supreme Court rules on NCAA)
atrophied
food, atmosphere, music its military capacity has ~ (NATO)
~ (New Orleans)
attenuation / condition & status / functioning: health &
size, location and atmosphere medicine / skin, muscle, nerves & bone
think about company ~ (looking for a job)
attached (attributed)
atmosphere prevails
an accepting ~ throughout the Dutch Caribbean (gays) attached to depression
there is a severe social stigma ~
enjoy that atmosphere
some people don’t ~ (Virgin Galactic vs. SpaceX) attached to it
cross burning has a history of racial intimidation ~
poison the atmosphere
fear and distrust can quickly ~ (epidemic) attached to that
♦ “For me to be here and to sample the atmosphere, I don’t think I’ll see no undue significance should be ~
or hear an atmosphere like this again. The atmosphere was just
something that took my breath away... I have never seen anything like attachment: materials & substances
this before. I’ve played at Anfield when there is a superb atmosphere but
this is something else, something special.” (Alan Shearer on Liverpool’s attachment (noun)
amazing victory against Barcelona in a Champion’s League second leg
semifinal.) attachment to him
♦ “The atmosphere was amazing, off the scale, absolutely lunatic.” younger black folk have less of an ~ (an older celebrity)
(Steve Bunce about Fury-Whyte in front of 94,000 fight fans at Wembley
Stadium.) attachment: materials & substances
environment: air / atmosphere / weather & climate attack (verb)
feeling, emotion & effect: air / atmosphere / weather &
climate attacked the government’s plans
conservative rebels have ~ (UK / COVID lockdown)
atomic bomb
conflict: military
atomic bomb for poor people
terrorism was the ~ (Pablo Escobar) attack (under attack, etc.)
cruise missiles and atomic bombs under attack
you bodies are our new ~ (suicide bombers) the feeling in Egypt was that all Arabs were ~
♦ “In 1945, news reached the camps that the US now possessed the
South Korean culture is ~ (insults about food)
atomic bomb. According to Solzhenitsyn, this unexpected development
gave hope to many prisoners, who began to pray for atomic war.” (“On under attack worldwide
The Prison Highway, The gulag’s silent remains,” by Ian Frazier, The he read of how Muslims were ~
New Yorker, August 30, 2010.)
♦ The original target for the second atomic bomb was Kokura. But
come under attack
because Kokura was clouded in, the bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. such practices have ~ as cruel to animals (cages)
♦ “I felt no remorse or guilt that I had bombed the city.” (Charles W. his methodology has ~
Sweeney, pilot of the plane that dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki in ♦ James Mossman: “You say that you don’t care what the critics write
World War II.) about you, your work, yet you got very angry with Edmund Wilson once
♦ “I don’t feel any guilt or blame about it. I think my view really is if we for commenting on you work, and you let off some very heavy field guns
hadn’t done it someone else would have. And it would be with us in any at him, not to say multiple rockets, so you must have cared...” / Vladimir
case.” (Lilli S. Hornig, who worked on the Manhattan Project. From “The Nabokov: “I never retaliate when my works of art are concerned. Here
Bomb,” PBS, 2015.) the arrows of adverse criticism cannot scratch let alone pierce the shield
of what disappointed archers call my self-assurance. But I do reach for
♦ According to General Eisenhower, the four “tools of victory” that won my heaviest dictionary when my scholarship is questioned...” (Vladimir
World War II were the bazooka, the jeep, the C-47 Skytrain, and the Nabokov, BBC Author Archive Collection, “James Mossman talks to
atomic bomb. Russian writer Vladimir Nabokov in this 1970 interview.”)
destruction: explosion / nuclear energy accusation & criticism: military / weapon
atomization (noun) conflict: military / weapon
Page 93 of 1574
he condemned Western media ~ (Abdullah) aura of unreality
an ~ descended over the mountain (disaster)
attack ads
we are seeing ~ of every kind (election) aura of doom and gloom
an ~
attack mode
she is in a real ~ archive's aura
the exhibit has an ~ of dense, ordered information
media attack
he condemned Western ~s against Saudi Arabia romantic aura
the pond possesses the ~ of s landscape portrait
mob attacks
protecting individuals from social-media ~ projects an aura
she ~ of assertiveness and self-confidence
direct attack
under ~ you could use the quivering-lip approach punctured Slater's aura
he ~ of invincibility (surfing)
latest attack
this ~ stung local parole officials (calls to end system) appearance: air / atmosphere
feeling, emotion & effect: air / atmosphere
personal attacks
~ on athletes at games (fan abuse); auspicious (adjective)
ladling criticism or indulging in ~
auspicious
fend off some (major) attacks the timing of the move is ~ as the country is...
he has had to ~ (a politician)
auspicious debut
accusation & criticism: weapon the album is an ~ for the group (good reviews)
attacked auspicious start
it was an ~ to an audacious career (in music)
attacked from above and below
the ice is being ~ (floating ice shelf / global warming) auspicious time
the news came at an ~ in the U.K.
destruction: military / weapon
attend (verb) auspicious politically
everything is ~, Grant will surely be elected...
attended these protests less than auspicious
violence has ~ her arrival in England was ~ (a refugee)
attachment: journeys & trips / movement / verb he was appointed under ~ circumstances
relationship: journeys & trips / movement / verb not an auspicious beginning
audience (play to the audience, etc.) this was ~ (a bad date, but they ended up married anyway)
aura (noun) ♦ “Every sign points to her having a huge year in 2022...”
♦ “That’s a bad sign!”
aura of assertiveness ♦ “Omens of ill-luck will follow those who pay attention to them.” (A
she projects an ~ and self-confidence saying.)
♦ “The Spouter Inn. Peter Coffin. Coffin? Spouter? Rather ominous in
aura of prosperity that particular connection, though I...” (Moby-Dick.)
Turkish businessmen sported an irresistible ~
fate, fortune & chance: bird / religion
aura of an (18th-century English) landscape evidence: bird / religion
the pond possesses the ~
author (person)
aura of a shrine
the images in the hall add the ~ (SuAnne Big Crow) author of his own misfortune
he fully accepts he was the ~ (arrested)
Page 94 of 1574
author of her misfortune avalanche of (prejudicial) comment
the court argued she had been the ~ the murder trial was nearly derailed by an ~ on social media
authors of our own life stories avalanche of data
we are not the ~ (addiction versus free will) an ~ given the Russians
creation & transformation: books & reading / person avalanche of e-mail
person: books & reading his most recent column drew an ~ to Salon editors
auto da fe avalanche of publicity
the disappearance triggered an ~ (Chandra Levy)
auto-da-fe of Vietnam
the New Left died in the ~ (Louis Menand) avalanche of (unfavorable) publicity
the ~ that resulted from... (politician)
judgment / oppression / violence: history
avalanche of confusing forms and rules
automata (noun) he spoke about the ~ (Brexit)
became automata avalanche picked up speed
even captains ~, acquiring life only through orders as the ~... (calls for politician’s resignation)
consciousness & awareness / feeling, emotion & effect: amount & effect: snow & ice
mechanism
avatar (noun)
autopilot (on autopilot)
default avatar
on autopilot Twitter did away with the egg as its ~
he's ~, his fingers go to the same place (gamer)
he was ~, frantically trying to save him (combat medic) avatars and superheroes
athletes are seen as ~
made on autopilot
a lot of our economic decisions are actually ~ create your own avatar
♦ “Diving became this darkness which permeated the rest of my life. I some online video games allow you to ~
really hated it, but I knew it was my one chance to be special, so I kept
going, effectively on autopilot.” (Olympic gold-medal-winning diver flatten characters into avatars
Matthew Mitcham.) revenge thrillers tend to ~ and little else (films)
behavior / consciousness & awareness / feeling, emotion representation: religion
& effect: plane
avenue (portal)
autopsy (analysis)
avenue of advancement
autopsy of the Cuban vote India's dalits need a new ~
so what’s your ~ in Florida (radio show)
new avenue
♦ “So what’s your autopsy of the Cuban vote in Florida?” (Asked by Lulu
Garcia Navarro to her guest on NPR, Weekend Edition Sunday, “The
India's dalits need a ~ of advancement
Cuban Vote in Florida,” November 11, 2018.)
dark sonic avenues
analysis, interpretation & explanation: death & life / health her songs lure listeners down ~ (Billie Eilish)
& medicine
portal: infrastructure
autumn (in the autumn) avenue (route)
in the autumn of his life
avenue of attack
he was ~
his wrongdoing gave lawyers an ~
in the autumn of the year
fruitful avenue
but now the days are short, I’m ~ (Sinatra)
this might be a ~ for further research
growth & development / decline: season
legal avenue
primacy, currency, decline & obsolescence: season
pursue all reasonable ~s
avalanche (noun)
reasonable (legal) avenue
avalanche of (racial) abuse pursue all ~s
they faced an ~ (soccer players after Euro 2020)
all avenues
avalanche of applications Canada will pursue ~ to assist the jailed men
it failed to prepare for an ~ (passports)
pursue (all legal) avenues
Page 95 of 1574
we will ~ spiritual awakening
she had a ~
route: infrastructure
consciousness & awareness: sleep
awake (adjective)
awash
awake to what happened
everyone seems to be wide ~ (elections) awash with small arms
Yemen is ~ that have been smuggled in
awake American
he signs his posts, "an ~" awash with (at least 10,000) floral bouquets
the church is ~ (for murdered girls)
awake electorate
the answer is reform and an ~ awash with (overt) irony
♦ “We are now awake and paying attention.” (An Asian parent who social media is ~ often tipping into sarcasm
helped lead a campaign that led to the recall of three San Francisco
school-board members.) awash with weapons
♦ Sam Sanders (“Opinion: It’s Time to Put ‘Woke’ To Sleep,” NPR, the Horn of Africa is ~
Weekend Edition Sunday, December 30, 2018) argues that the term Libya is ~
woke has had its day and should be retired.
♦ see also woke (groups) awash with corruption, venality and graft
the government is ~
consciousness & awareness: sleep
awash in allegations
awaken (awareness) India is ~ of corruption
awakened to the horrors awash in cash
on that day, the world ~ of apartheid (South Africa) the company is ~ and looking to buy
awakening in Algeria, Sudan, Morocco, and Jordan awash in flowers, firecrackers and fine foods
Arab peoples are also ~ (after Tunisia, Egypt and Libya) Chinatown is ~ (Chinese New Year)
awaken people amount & effect: water
we're trying to do what we can to ~
away (a week away, etc.)
people are awakening
slowly the ~ just a mouse click away
it was ~ (evidence of public shaming)
consciousness & awareness: sleep / verb
“One Heartbeat Away
awaken (nature, etc.) ~: Presidential Disability and Succession” (Birch Bayh)
awakening from (its winter) sleep about five minutes away
nature is ~ a dystopian future is ~
taiga awoke just a plane away
the ~ (at dawn) we are ~ from having cases here (COVID-19)
♦ “The sky turned from black to deep blue, and then grey and cloudy.
The shades of night began to shrink into the bushes and ravines. In a just a shot away
few minutes our bivouac was astir again; men started talking; the horses war, children, it’s ~ (“Gimme Shelter” / Rolling Stones)
stirred at their ropes; a pica piped on one side, and lower down the gorge
another answered it; the yaffle of the woodpecker rang through the forest just two weeks away
and the melodious whistle of the oriole. The taiga awoke...” (Dersu Uzala
by V.K. Arseniev.) we are ~ from the first vote
Page 96 of 1574
ax (ax to fall, etc.) axed (curtailed)
waiting for the axe to fall axed
sitting around ~ (deadlines) the event was ~ (because of pandemic)
fate, fortune & chance: ax / blade curtailment: ax / blade
ax (noun)
budget ax B
many state programs will succumb to the ~ (shortfall)
the camp may fall to the ~ (for teens) baby (relationship)
faces the ax Elam’s baby
the show still ~ (TV) the idea may be ~, but he has looked at it critically
fall to the (budget) ax his baby
the camp may ~ (for teens) the Gulf of Mexico is ~
Cooper refers to his camera, made in 1898, as ~
succumb to the ax
many state programs will ~ (budget shortfall) my baby
this is ~ and I want to keep growing it (a business)
taking an ax it's ~ (Ferrari 458 Italia)
he is ~ to spending
♦ Climax, Demon, Endurance, Cock of the Woods, Red Warrior, our baby
Hiawatha, Hottentot, Black Prince, Black Chief, Battle Axe, Invincible, this is ~ (fire spotter speaking of his tower)
XXX Chopper, Woodslasher, Razor Blade, Stiletto, Forest King, Young
American, Gorilla... (Late-19th-century model names of axes used to cut ♦ “I don’t have kids but I feel that it’s like letting your baby go and grow
down the North American forests.) up. So she’s on her next step before she goes up to the moon. And you
have to do it.” (Dafna Jackson, an advisor at SpaceIL, after the
dismissal, removal & resignation: ax / blade / tools & Beresheet spacecraft was shipped to Cape Canaveral, to be launched
into space by a Space X Falcon 9 rocket. Sadly, there was a glitch at the
technology last moment, and the spacecraft crash-landed on the moon.)
ax (ax to grind) ♦ “I am a childless man, after all, ladies and gentlemen, and my books
are my children, I have invested the blood of my soul in them, and after
my death it is they and they alone that will carry my spirit and my dreams
ax to grind to future generations.” (Uncle Joseph Klausner from A Tale of Love and
he just has an ~ (criticism) Darkness by Amos Oz.)
sometimes a source has an ~ (journalism) ♦ “This is my baby, this is what does the work.” (Albert Milton, the deputy
this is another letter from somebody with an ~ boss of a diamond mine in Botswana, speaking about a 720-ton electric
excavator crane that can grab 60 tons of broken rock in a single bite.)
axe to grind ♦ “So I get used to the book’s final stage, to its having been weaned from
he is motivated not by truth but an ~ my brain. I now regard it with a kind of bemused tenderness, as a man
regards, not his son, but, uh, rather the young wife of this son.” (Vladimir
ax to grind with the CIA Nabokov, BBC Author Archive Collection, “James Mossman talks to
Russian writer Vladimir Nabokov in this 1970 interview.” Nabokov had
he has an ~
been talking previously about the drudgery, work and failures of bringing
a book to birth.)
ax to grind with midwives
many in traditional medicine have an ~ ♦ “Every monkey is a gazelle to its mother.” (Arabic.)
ideological ax to grind
baby (development)
he has no ~ (a writer writing about capitalism) baby of the publishing world
personal ax to grind compared to physical book sales, audio is the ~
he has a ~ (a critic) baby science
political axes to grind he rescued the of microbe hunting from a fantastic myth
unions and companies often have ~ growth & development: baby / death & life
grinds a (political) ax baby (novice)
it ~ (Southern Poverty Law Center)
baby boxers
punishment & recrimination: ax / blade two novices, two ~ fighting one another (Steve Bunce)
revenge: ax / blade
♦ “A baby, just a baby.” (Ernest Borgnine in the film All Quiet On the
Western Front, about an injured new recruit. Borgnine gets ready to
shoot him, to put him out of his misery, before two stretcher-bearers
appear, put the casualty on a stretcher, and bear him to the rear.)
Page 97 of 1574
experience: baby and now the ~ (after a hiatus / a TV series)
baby (size) coming, arriving, staying, leaving & returning: prep, adv, adj,
particle
baby AK-47
the Draco is a ~ frequently namechecked in rap back (in time)
size: baby go back
see go back (verb / time)
baby (younger)
look back
baby of the family see look back (verb)
I lost my brother, the ~ (his age was sixty-five)
takes me back
growth & development: baby
see take (take us back / time)
baby (baby face, etc.) transported audiences back
baby face see transport (in time)
he grew a full beard to hide his ~ past & present / fictive transportation / time: direction /
appearance: baby / face movement / prep, adv, adj, particle / verb
dependency: baby / family / person allegiance, support & betrayal / subterfuge: back
person: baby
back (no way back, etc.)
back (support / verb)
no way back
back Obama there is ~, the people won’t forgive this (protests)
will Hispanics ~ there is ~ (North Macedonia finally negotiates its name)
allegiance, support & betrayal: back / direction / position / no way back from this
verb I think that there’s ~ (Cuba cracks down on protestors)
back (return) no way back for Egypt and the region
there is ~ (2011)
season is back
Page 98 of 1574
reversal: direction acceptance & rejection: back / verb
fate, fortune & chance: journeys & trips
back (break the back)
back (scratch somebody's back)
break your back
scratch my back she'll ~ if you're not paying attention to her (basketball)
you ~, I'll scratch your back (mutual aid and assistance)
broke the back of the campaign
social interaction: back / verb those defeats ~ (primary elections)
back (back and forth) break the back of the Covid epidemic
the vaccine could ~ (live virus BCG)
back and forth on that
there has been a lot of ~ (political issue) break the backs of defenders
the plan is designed to ~ (Baghdad)
position, policy & negotiation: movement
social interaction: movement break the back of the (German) war machine
he was destined to ~ (Stalingrad)
back (pat on the back / verb)
destruction: back / verb
pat yourselves on the back
you did well, ~ (praise) back (back to the wall)
achievement, recognition & praise: back / gesture backs are to the wall
our ~
back (pat on the back / noun)
backs are (really) against the wall
pat on the back our ~ (sports tournament)
give yourselves a ~ (praise from teacher)
have our backs against the wall
achievement, recognition & praise: back / gesture
when we ~, we come out fighting (Welsh rugby)
back (get off my back, etc.) survival, persistence & endurance: back
on the back of these workers resistance, opposition & defeat: back
they make a lot of money ~ (Uber in Great Britain) back (watch your back, etc.)
getting rich on the backs guard your back
publishers are ~ of libraries and academics you've got to ~
get off my back watch your back
~ and leave me alone ~ (a warning)
get them off my back sorry I wasn’t there to ~ (his brother drowned)
try and ~ (superiors) watch his back
affliction / conflict / oppression: animal / back he failed to ~ (leader deposed in coup)
difficulty, easiness & effort: back / burden / weight back (have somebody’s back)
help & assistance: back / burden / weight got your back
back (turn one's back) I've ~
turned his back to anyone danger / protection & lack of protection: back / direction /
he never ~ who needed help (a priest) position / verb
Page 99 of 1574
back (stab in the back) the Dinka tribe, which formed the ~ (southern Sudan)
stereotype of Turkey as an (agricultural) backwater ♦ “This team taught all of America’s children that ‘playing like a girl’
means you’re a badass.” (President Obama welcoming the 2015 World
the ~ persists Cup-winning women’s team to the White House.)
became a backwater ♦ See “‘Badass’: The One Word That Has Become A lightning Rod For
Many Female Chefs” by Nina Martyris, NPR, The Salt, November 11,
there were a lot of other reasons that Spain ~ for so long 2019. A link leads to another great article, “We’ve Hit Peak Badass. It’s
Gotta Stop” by Jesse Sheidlower, Daily Beast, Apr. 14, 2017.)
changed from a provincial backwater to a place
Tikrit ~ of large mosques and wide modern roads (Iraq) person: force
character & personality: person
remained a (provincial) backwater
the town ~ badge (badge of honor)
center & periphery / isolation & remoteness / progress & badge of honor
lack of progress: river playing from memory is a ~ (pianists)
criticism from him is a ~ (politics)
backyard (in somebody's backyard) receiving death threats is a ~ (Black Lives Matter)
in China's (own) backyard became a badge of honor
~, Southeast Asia… the "one-percenter" label ~ (bikers)
in Russia's backyard wore its (cutting-edge) approach as a badge of honor
Kyrgyzstan is ~ (politics, etc.) the bank ~ (ended up being hacked)
proximity: house wore her conviction as a badge of honor
backyard (other) she ~ (the suffragette Susan B. Anthony)
behavior / control & lack of control / environment: ground, historical, cultural and religious baggage
the ~ (of marriage)
terrain & land / history
bag (in the bag) social and economic baggage
students with ~ (alternative school)
in the bag carrying (lots of generational) baggage
it’s not ~ yet (Liverpool wins EPL)
Boomers, Xers go to work ~
certainty & uncertainty: container
freighted with (historical and cultural) baggage
bag (collection) the N-word is ~ (racial epithets)
bag (pack one’s bags) history: burden / journeys & trips / weight
oppression: burden / history / journeys & trips / weight
pack the bags and get out
it’s just time to ~ (NATO in Afghanistan) bailout (noun)
coming, arriving, staying, leaving & returning: journeys & bailout
trips / verb ~s are unpopular (of banks, national economies)
baggage (noun) survival, persistence & endurance: boat
amelioration & renewal: boat
baggage of marriage
the ~ (gender, religion, culture, etc.) bail out (save)
baggage of the South bail out Mexico
the racial ~ (US) the IMF helped ~ in the 1990s
equilibrium & stability: scale social interaction: sports & games / verb
unanimity & consensus: sports & games / verb
behind the banner of reparations difficulty, easiness & effort: sports & games
they hoped to unite the community ~ (protest) barb (trade barbs, etc.)
allegiance, support & betrayal: flags & banners
trading barbs
banner (banner of Islam, etc.) US and Chinese officials have been ~ (conflict)
barked child-barnacled
"Look up," he ~ his ~ present (four sons and a daughter from two women)
beating up Texas
bedazzled (decorated)
the rain and flooding is just ~ (ABC News) bedazzled case
force: storm a white iPhone with a ~
bedrock principle amelioration & renewal / strength & weakness: cows &
a ~ is civilian control of the military (US governance) cattle / food & drink / meat / verb
innocent until proven guilty is one of our country’s ~s
beehive (activity)
bedrock value
he brought some ~s to the job (a cop about right / wrong) beehive
the ~s that make America unique (freedom of religion) the military hospital was a ~ (heavily guarded)
before (we have hard work before us) behemoth pickup trucks
~ roar down Main Street (oil-boom town in Texas)
before us
we have hard work ~ civil rights behemoth
it has built itself into a ~ (Southern Poverty Law Center)
future / time: direction / position / prep, adv, adj, particle
online (classifieds) behemoth
beg (verb) the ~, Craigslist…
begging the Department of Defense to address economic behemoth
the group has been ~ this issue China has emerged as an ~
she begged her daughter to come home political behemoth
she ~ other candidates understand that he is a ~ (Joe Biden)
begged the coach to give tabular behemoths
Mom ~ me a chance, and he did (Allen Iverson) these ~ catch in the shallows (icebergs / S. Georgia Island)
beg you to move cutthroat behemoth
melodies, groove and beats ~ (Electric Warrior) antitrust regulators depict it as a ~ (a tech company)
begged for his life pop-culture behemoth
he ~ the ~ Game of Thrones
pushed and begged lactating behemoths
he ~ for an evacuation plan (Fall of Saigon / 1975) Holsteins are ~ (versus Ankole cattle)
♦ “Jolene, Jolene, Jolene, Jolene / I’m begging of you please don’t take
my man.” (Dolly Parton. Miley Cyrus. Nuff said.) 2,300-page behemoth
it is a ~ (a government act)
wants, needs, hopes & goals: speech / verb
speech: verb four-billion-dollar (accessories) behemoth
Coach is a ~ (fashion)
beget (verb)
built the company into a behemoth
begat the Freedom Caucus begat Donald Trump he ~ (security)
the Tea Party ~ (NPR’s Mara Liasson / 2016)
spells the end for a behemoth
begat Michael Jordan who begat Tier Woods the decision to pull the show ~ that dominated schedules
he created this paradigm that ~ (O.J. Simpson) ♦ The Behemoth was a huge land monster mentioned in the Book of Job.
Its aquatic counterpart was the Leviathan. Both creatures were controlled
beget work by God, and symbolized God's power.
feeling, emotion & effect: food & drink / taste feeling, emotion & effect: food & drink / taste
black (while black, female, brown, ♦ DWB (driving while black); LWB (living while black)... (Text.)
♦ “Talking While Female.” (Narrated by NPR’s Selena Simmons-Duffin.)
Muslim, etc.) ♦ “Reporting While Brown in The Summer of Trump.” (Gene Denby.)
being royal while black ♦ “Running while brown. Skittish while Muslim.” (NPR. Code Switch.
Race. In Your Face.)
~ (the Duchess of Sussex, Meghan / NPR)
♦ “Like the murder of Sarah Everard in the UK last year, [the murder of
being watched while black Ashling Murphy] has reignited the debate about safety of women as they
go about their everyday business [italics mine].” (“Ashling Murphy: Irish
the play is about ~ (Fairview) police arrest man on suspicion of teacher’s murder” by Lisa O’Carroll,
The Guardian, 18 Jan 2022.)
Birding While Black
♦ “Outside lay the body of a man killed for being in his home.” (An ABC
~ (Jason Ward / Christian Cooper / NPR) report on Ukraine-Russia War, the first war of the TikTok era.)
‘Canvassing While Black’ inclusion & exclusion: society
the ~ incident (Janelle Bynum, Oregon representative)
blackball (verb)
coping while black
~ (race-based trauma) blackball him
he has accused teams of colluding to ~ (an athlete)
“Driving While Black”
the new PBS documentary, ~ (history) acceptance & rejection: color / mark / society / verb
oppression: color / mark / society / verb
driving while Black
~ is still a crime in Louisiana (Eugene W. Collins) blackballed
existing while black blackballed by league owners
the challenges of ~ (NPR) the truth is he was ~ (NFL player Colin Kaepernick)
Farming While Black acceptance & rejection: color / mark / society
she details her experiences in her new book, ~ (NPR) oppression: color / mark / society
Geocaching While Black
access & lack of access / analysis, interpretation & fantasy & reality: allusion
explanation / concealment & lack of concealment: color /
tools & technology
black operations (and black ops)
black eye Black Ops Advertising
she is the author of ~
black eye for Rupert Murdoch ♦ “Just as the military has moved from face-to-face action to covert
what a ~ (scandal) operations, so-called black ops, so advertising has moved from being
obvious to more hidden, in particular, through social media.” (“The Kids
black eye for the sport Who Decide What All The Other Kids Talk About,” BBC Sounds,
presented by journalist Paul Mason.)
when judges cheat, it's a ~ (Olympic figure skating)
concealment & lack of concealment / subterfuge: military
brought a black eye to the sport
they have ~ (swim coaches photograph nude girls) black out (verb)
puts a black eye on the sport blacked out
it really ~ (cyclist admits to doping) I ~ (alcohol)
take a black eye for this consciousness & awareness: alcohol / color / verb
I don’t think Cleveland will ~ (fan riot)
black sheep
gives us (all) a black eye
it ~ (hunter on hunter who shot a tame deer) black sheep of the band
Dennis was already the ~ (the Beach Boys)
flaws & lack of flaws / reputation: color / eye / mark
black sheep of the family
black hole he's the ~
I was the ~ and took the wrong direction (gang)
legal black hole
he is being kept in a ~ (arrested) black-sheep brother
invite the ~ to the wedding
black hole for communication
Afghanistan was a ~ (no infrastructure) character & personality: animal / color / sheep
sanctioning, authority & non-conformity: animal / color /
in a black hole sheep
I was ~ (unable to easily communicate)
♦ In a black hole, the gravity is so strong that not even light can escape. black site (national security)
In other words, nothing gets out.
archipelago of black sites
access & lack of access / concealment & lack of he had been tortured in the CIA’s ~
concealment / consciousness & awareness / isolation &
access & lack of access / concealment & lack of
remoteness: astronomy / color / light & dark
concealment / consciousness & awareness / isolation &
blacklist (verb) remoteness: color / light & dark
blacklist the (Chinese) company blank (fill in the blanks)
the decision to ~ was seen as a bargaining ploy (tariffs)
fill in the blanks
acceptance & rejection: color / mark / society / verb they want to ~, connect the dots, figure out... (probe)
leaking: blood / health & medicine / verb with the city's blessing
~, cars pair up for duels (legal drag racing)
bleed (noun)
his blessing
talent bleed to acquire public credibility, ~ was essential
the conventional explanation for ~ is… (military)
given the vote its blessing
stanch the (talent) bleed the election board has ~
if the Army hopes to ~, it needs to…
sanctioning, authority & non-conformity: religion
leaking: blood / health & medicine
blessing (benefit)
bleeding
blessing
financial bleeding the seasonal flooding of the Mekong is a ~, not a curse
you need to stop your ~ now
blessing or a bane
staunched the bleeding oil can be a ~ for a country (corruption, etc.)
opening up ~ of its tourism sector (Dubai / pandemic)
blessing and a burden
leaking: blood / health & medicine patients see choice as both a ~
blemish (noun) blessing and a curse
these gems have been a ~ (Sierra Leone diamonds)
blemish on the game the annual rains are a ~ for the subcontinent (floods)
his injury was the only ~ (sports)
blessings as well as its scourges
blemishes against him celebrity’s ~
I’m a massive fan, but there are those two ~ (boxer / drugs)
mixed blessing
ugly blemish progress has been a ~
the Charlottesville tragedy was “an ~” on the US (2017)
cost & benefit: religion
flaws & lack of flaws: mark
blight (verb)
blend (mixture)
blighted (Aboriginal) communities
blend of fear, anger, need, and love alcohol and poverty have ~ (Northern Territory)
their relationship was a toxic ~
blights the present
mixture: materials & substances history ~ (Balkans)
blend in (verb) corruption: plant / verb
blend in blight (noun)
Tom Wolfe did not ~ (clothes, writing)
moral blight
easily blend in “whiteness” is not a ~ (race)
drug traffickers ~ (Atlanta)
movement or a blip consciousness & awareness: snow & ice / weather &
is it a ~ (voters elect socialist mayor in US) climate
bloodthirsty zeal timeliness & lack of timeliness: fruits & vegetables / plant
the ~ of revisionist history growth & development: death & life / fruits & vegetables /
plant
behavior: animal / blood / predation
character & personality: animal / blood / predation blossom (verb)
bloody (guilt) blossomed
he has ~ after a slow start (a Chelsea soccer player)
hands are bloody
his ~ (a politician) blossomed into (real) depression
my uncertainty had ~ (the future)
guilt / responsibility: blood
blossomed into (full-blown) panic
bloody (conflict) the thought ~
bloody (intraparty) quarrel blossomed into warfare
it’s not what Republicans wanted, a ~ (politics) simmering resentments ~ (two politicians)
conflict: blood blossoming in the Middle East
a revolutionary spirit is ~
bloom (verb)
blossom out of control
bloomed the consequences can ~ (problems on 767 jetliner)
their relationship ~
membership (in professional social networks) has ~ blossomed all over the country
his career has ~ now citizens' groups have ~
romance ~
his paranoia ~ groups have blossomed
now citizens' ~ all over the country (Siberia)
bloomed in the role
she truly ~ (an actor) love (for yo-yos) blossomed
his ~ again
bloomed into an international incident
body politic obstacles & impedance: ground, terrain & land / journeys &
Republicans kowtow to the ~ trips
body politic versus the body natural boil (affliction)
the ~ and how it related to sovereignty and Kings
perpetual boil
China’s body politic this ~ needs to be lanced (diplomacy)
the damage that the British did to ~ was echoed in...
two boils
diseases of our body politic ~ were lanced today (fired from The New York Times)
more fundamental causes of the current ~
affliction: health & medicine / skin, muscle, nerves & bone
scar upon the body politic
homelessness is a ~ boil (initiation)
sore in the body politic emotions are boiling
Bloody Sunday became a running ~ (Ireland) ~ (Tea Party advocates in US)
poisoning our body politic initiation: heating water / temperature / verb / water
the media is ~, and hurting our entire country feeling, emotion & effect: temperature / verb / water
activity: heating water / temperature / water
bases: body
boil (boil down to something)
bogeyman (and boogeyman)
boil down to
bogeyman of many but what does all this jargon ~
Venezuela has become the ~ on the right (politics)
amount & effect: explosion / military / weapon attachment / division & connection: chemistry
racist bone ♦ “They’re trying to grab the House, and we’ve got barricades, picket
fences and booby traps to defeat that.” (A Kentucky Democrat,
there’s not a ~ in my body presumably speaking figuratively.)
I don’t have a ~ in my body
♦ “Booby traps: Man in Maine killed by own device.”
to the bone ♦ “New technologies in cars are potential booby traps for first
Marcos Llorente, a Blanco ~ (Real Madrid player) responders.”
♦ “When it comes to matters of morals, I’m Catholic right down to my little ♦ “I found a piece of red detonating cord between my legs. That’s when I
knew I was screwed.” (Gunnery Sgt. Michael Burghardt, aka “Iron Mike”
toes.” (The abortion issue.)
and “Gunny,” just before getting blown up by a trap while investigating an
identity & nature: skin, muscle, nerves & bone IED in Ramadi. Incredibly, he was not too badly wounded. A photo of him
“flipping off” whoever detonated the trap became famous on the
bone (throw a bone to someone) Internet.)
♦ “Victim-operated improvised explosive devices, known as VOIEDs,
throwing them a bone have various switches known as pressure plates. The idea is that the
bomb is detonated by an unsuspecting individual by completing the
she is just ~ hoping they’ll support her (politics) circuit when pressure is applied or removed to the switch. / A power
source supplies electricity between the switch and the detonator and by
coercion & motivation: animal / food & drink completing the circuit, the main charge explodes...” (“A U.S. Marine, A
Curious Boy And An Unfathomable Moment” by AP investigative reporter
bone (bone of contention) James LaPorta, at NPR, September 9, 2021.)
political, ideological and geopolitical booby traps appearance / appearance & reality / judgment: books &
the Middle East is such a mess of ~ reading
boxed himself into a corner judgement / cost & benefit: letters & characters
he has ~ on tax increases (a politician) box (check the box, etc.)
movement: corner
box to be checked
constraint & lack of constraint / situation: boxing / corner / the FAA was just another ~ (profits over safety)
movement / sports & games / verb
box (in / out / outside the box) check the boxes
it seemed like an exercise to ~ (bureaucratic formality)
out-of-the-box checked a lot of boxes for my dream next thing
how ~ can I go (actor takes strange roles)
this ~ (Anthony Weiner about his company)
out-of-the-box idea check-the-box exercise
she came up with an ~
it’s merely a one-week ~ (mental health / policing)
think out of the box check-the-box holiday
we have to think ~ (WHO and Ebola)
a paid holiday vs. just a ~ (Juneteenth)
think outside the box check off (multiple) boxes
she learned how to ~
it would ~ for ethnic and racial diversity
fit it (neatly) into a (single conceptual) box tick in a box
“data” escapes attempts to ~ (cloud, stream, mine)
I don’t think it is a procedural ~ (cold case investigation)
constraint & lack of constraint / idea: container ♦ “Check, check, check, and it was a no-brainer...” (The popular NFL
player Cam Newton returns to the Carolina Panthers. Or as Newton
box (labeling) himself said, “You know where I’m here, and this ain’t for no ploy.”)
breach of the peace ♦ “Those who stormed this Capitol, and those who instigated and incited,
and those who called on them to do so, held a dagger at the throat of
acts causing a ~ are prohibited (city park) America, and American democracy... I will stand in this breach, I will
defend this nation, I’ll allow no one to place a dagger at the throat of
breach of (academic) politics democracy.” (President Joe Biden, in a speech on January 6th, 2022.)
the ~ destroyed his university career ♦ “The trenches having been opened and the works carried on in the
usual manner, the artillery at length began to make a breach, and after a
breach of (investigative) protocol three days’ cannonade having made such an opening in the massive
it is the worst ~ (leak about case) wall that it was reported practicable by Colonel Wellesley, orders were
issued for storming the place... / Crossing the rocky bed of the Cavery,
breaches of respect under a terrible fire of cannon, jingalls, and musketry, the glacis and ditch
were soon crossed.../ Lieutenant-Colonel Dunlop was here wounded
~ are sometimes met with vicious reprisal (surfing) when half way up by a sirdar of Mysore, who met him scimitar in hand.
Parrying a cut with his sabre, the colonel slashed open his antagonist’s
breaches of the rules breast, and mortally wounded him. The sirdar made another cut that
police were guilty of ~ on questioning suspects nearly hewed off the head of the colonel, and falling back into the breach
was instantly bayoneted. Dunlop reached the summit, and then fell from
breach of the (truce) treaty loss of blood... / Within seven minutes from the time the assault began,
we urge the North to apologize for the ~ the British standard was waving on the outer bastion of the fortress...”
(“Seringapatam, 1799, from British Battles on Land and Sea by James
Grant.)
breach of trust
Gordimer accused Roberts of ~ (over biography of her) protection & lack of protection: fortification / military
charges include bribery, fraud and ~ (a Prime Minister)
charges include misappropriation of Nissan funds and a ~ breached
breaches of Islamic law breached during the pandemic
they police the streets on the lookout for ~ IEPs have been ~ (education / a lawsuit)
breakthrough moment fate, fortune & chance: bodily reaction / breathing / verb
breathtaking speed ♦ “There’s a new breed of explorer... We down here ya’ all.” (Will Smith in
the official trailer for “Welcome To Earth” by National Geographic, on
the cars go at ~s (racing) Disney Plus.)
breathtaking view ♦ “Chingachgook warned me about people like you... He said, ‘Do not try
to understand them. And don’t try to make them understand you. That is
a front porch with a ~ of the mountains because they are a breed apart and make no sense.” (Last of the
the skyway provides ~s of the southern Appalachians Mohicans, the 1992 film.)
feeling, emotion & effect: bodily reaction / breathing taxonomy & classification: animal
identity & nature: animal
breed (create)
breeds (political) bedlam
brought down his own career step back from the brink
he ~ with drugs (a baseball player) they must ~ (rioters battle soldiers)
bring down the (whole) edifice bring them back from the brink
any crack in the system would ~ (dictatorship) we must ~ of extinction (endangered animals)
destruction: direction / ruins / verb pull his friend back from the brink
primacy, currency, decline & obsolescence: direction / verb he tried to ~ (drug intervention)
bring up (a subject, etc.) proximity: ground, terrain & land
fate, fortune & chance: ground, terrain & land
brought up Honnold survival, persistence & endurance: ground, terrain & land
Caldwell, sitting on the deck that night, ~... (climbers)
brinksmanship (noun)
brought up the (new California sport) climb
when I ~ (in conversation with a climber) brinksmanship
there’s a lot of ~ involved (negotiations)
feeling, emotion & effect: materials & substances size: allusion / person
ability & lack of ability: materials & substances allusion: books & reading
broad (adjective) broken (failure)
too broad broken
for some the brush stroke was ~ (cancel culture includes our food-safety system in this country is ~ (salmonella)
Abraham Lincoln) there is no question in my mind that the system is ~
the economy is ~, and Obama can't fix it
extent & scope: breadth
what is ~ (teachers, parents, students / education)
broadside (noun) the judiciary is ~, the law needs to change
feeling, emotion & effect: color / health & medicine / mark bubble (activity)
/ sensation / skin, muscle, nerves & bone
investment bubble
brush (characterization) their current popularity is an ~ (NFTs)
force: tools & technology allegiance, support & betrayal: bullet / weapon / verb
commitment & determination: bullet / weapon / verb
bulldozer (epithet)
bullet (bite the bullet)
nicknamed “the Bulldozer”
he was ~ for his toughness on corruption (John Magufuli) bite the bullet
we’re going to have to ~ (pay the tariff)
epithet: force
character & personality: epithet / force / tools & technology survival, persistence & endurance: bullet / verb / weapon
commitment & determination: bullet / verb / weapon
bulldozer (noun)
bulletproof (adjective)
expect a bulldozer
if you took on Joe McCarthy, you could ~ coming your way bulletproof
your logic is ~
destruction / force: tools & technology our story was ~ (investigative reporter)
the case against him needed to be ~ (expensive lawyers)
bullet (velocity)
ironclad, waterproof, bulletproof, (legally) binding
bullets of sound we need ~ guarantees (Sergey Ryabkov / diplomacy)
acoustic weapons can fire ~
seemed bulletproof
bullet train he ~ just a few weeks ago (politician under fire)
at the controls of a Japanese ~
flaws & lack of flaws: bullet / weapon
speed: bullet / weapon
bullied
bullet (shape)
bullied by a liberal media
bullets, needles, prisms, columns we won’t be ~ (politics)
snowflakes come in shapes: ~, stars cups, and plates
bullied by the north
shape: bullet / weapon
southerners complain of being ~ (Sudan)
bullet (magic or silver bullet, etc.) getting bullied
magic bullet Twitter is ~ by the government
nothing yet has proved a ~ (against oak-killing spore) coercion & motivation: school & education
silver bullet oppression: school & education
the system was sold as a ~ but it never worked (E-Verify) bull's-eye (shape)
this problem will take time to fix and there is no ~
"bull's-eye" rash
vaccine ‘silver bullets’ the disease is characterized by a ~ (Lyme disease)
COVID-19 advisor says there are no ~
shape: target / weapon
proved to be a silver bullet
hydroxychloroquine has not ~ (COVID) bull's-eye (target)
amelioration & renewal: bullet / magic / weapon bull's-eye on his back
he has a ~ (a wanted terrorist)
bullet (dodge a bullet)
put a bull's-eye on the city
dodged a bullet the hurricane has ~ (New Orleans 2012)
get out from under her crushing (debt) burden buried away
she couldn't ~ she was ~ in the U.S. Department of Agriculture
shoulder the burden involvement / oppression: burial / ground, terrain & land
locals must ~ after regime change (Rumsfeld) burned (impressed)
affliction / oppression: burden / weight
burned into our (collective) consciousness
burgeoning (adjective) fairy tales or folktales ~
calling card of many (neo-Nazi) groups ♦ Keep calm and chive on. (KCCO.)
the swastika is still the contemporary ~ ♦ Keep calm and wear a mask. (The COVID-19 pandemic.)
♦ Keep Calm and Call Drew! (Drew Cochran, criminal defense, Maryland
calling card of a monstrous storm State Bar.)
debris everywhere, tossed and scattered, the ~ (hurricane)
feeling, emotion & effect: water / wind
calling card for one's personality and lifestyle
weddings serve as a ~ calm (activity)
grim calling card calm
mesothelioma has become the substance’s ~ (asbestos) right now, things are ~
sanctioning, authority & non-conformity: religion / verb cowboy capital of the world
they call it the ~ (Stephenville, Texas)
canter (noun)
“Gem Capital of the World”
canter Franklin, North Carolina, the ~
at a ~, take us through the voyage... (radio show)
“Live Music Capital of the World”
at a canter Austin bills itself as the ~ (Sixth Street, etc.)
he should beat Jake Paul ~ (Tommy Fury)
“ostrich capital of the world”
speed: animal / horse / movement / walking, running & Oudtshoorn, the ~ (South Africa)
jumping
perfume capital of the world
movement: animal / horse / speed / walking, running &
Grasse is known as the ~ (France)
jumping
canter (verb) Shark Bite Capital of the world
Volusia County, Florida, has been dubbed the ~
cantering to their first league title
stabbing capital of the world
Liverpool is ~ since 1990 (soccer)
Alice Springs now holds the unenviable title of ~ (2008)
card (hold one's cards close) growth & development: death & life
brush it under the carpet ♦ “But, of course, the new South had embraced all of this [commercial
strips, huge parking lots, motels, fast-food places, discount store, car
they will try to ~ dealers, nightclubs, etc.], not quickly, as we had done up North, but
embraced it nonetheless. And in some strange way, the garish
brushing it under the carpet commercial strip was now more associated with the South than with
it’s a whitewash, they’re ~ (education / PS752) anywhere else in the country. The carpetbaggers have finally taken
over.” (The General’s Daughter by Nelson DeMille.)
sweep it under the carpet
character & personality: history / person
we can't any longer ~ (educational issue)
identity & nature: history / person
♦ “The problem with brushing things under the carpet is that they are still
there and one day someone is going to lift that carpet up and all you are carpeted
going to feel is shame and embarrassment.” (A celebrity who committed
suicide, who had been trolled mercilessly on social media.)
carpeted with flowers
♦ see also rug (under the rug) the meadow was ~
concealment & lack of concealment: carpets & rugs carpeted with wild blueberry plants
carpet (Operation Magic Carpet, etc.) the tiny island is ~
Operation Magic Carpet carpeted (at the base) with starfish and mussels
service members were repatriated by ~ (1945-1946) we drifted into an inlet alongside cliffs ~
Operation on Wings of Eagles, also known as ~ (1949) carpeted eastern Washington
the White Helmets were rescued in ~ (2018) old-growth forests once ~
proper name: carpets & rugs / magic cover / resemblance: carpets & rugs
military: proper name configuration: carpets & rugs
carpet (magic carpet / other) carried away
magic carpet get carried away
a ~ made of steel (a train) it is no time to ~ (panic over virus)
magic carpet into a (serious intellectual) life control & lack of control: movement
librarians were her ~ feeling, emotion & effect: movement
magic carpet away fictive transportation: movement
Azerbaijan is a magical land, just a ~ carried off (died)
♦ “Feel the wheels rumbling ‘neath the floors / And the sons of Pullman
Porters / And the sons of Engineers / Ride their fathers’ magic carpet were carried off
made of steel...” (The rousing song “Good Morning America How Are one third of the population of Europe ~ (the Black death)
You? / City of New Orleans.”)
death & life: euphemism
transportation: carpets & rugs / magic
see game (game of cat and mouse) catapulted Obama into the White House
the type of voter who ~
cat (cat out of the bag, etc.)
catapulted into the ranks
cat was (already) out of the bag the company has ~ of top tech companies
the ~, it already spread (virus)
catapulted over (more veteran) officials
concealment & lack of concealment / pursuit, capture & she ~ (government promotion)
escape: cat / container
catapulted from an unknown to a superstar
catalogue (list) he ~
caustically intelligent help & assistance / resistance, opposition & defeat: horse
he is ~ / military
cheering her on for years destruction / failure, accident & impairment: epithet /
her mother and father have been ~ (a tennis phenom) history / nuclear energy / place
enthusiasm: sound / verb cherubic (adjective)
Che Guevara cherubic preteen
a ~ with a gentle smile
“Africa’s Che Guevara”
the murder of the man known as ~ (Thomas Sankara) appearance: creature / religion
comparison & contrast: affix
found an unlikely Che Guevara
in Pospisil, the P.T.P.A. ~ (tennis reform) chess (noun)
disruption: allusion / history playing chess
he was ~ (Larry Bird of the NBA)
chemistry
♦ “He was playing chess and everybody else was playing checkers. He
was three moves ahead of everybody else.” (Tommy Heinsohn, Celtic
chemistry of the team broadcaster, about the great Larry Bird from French Lick, Indiana.)
he insists the ~ is fine (troubled NFL team)
strategy: chess / sports & games
chemistry between client and therapist
~ is crucial (psychotherapist) chess (chess game)
chemistry between a boxer and a trainer see game (chess game)
the ~ is crucial
chessboard (noun)
Dream Team’s chemistry
the ~ turned out to be the hallmark to their success (1992) North Korean Chessboard
“The ~: What Next for The Main Players” (Wapo)
chicken-hearted feeling, emotion & effect: skin, muscle, nerves & bones /
temperature
chicken-hearted
he is ~ (afraid)
chill (oppression)
courage & lack of courage: animal / bird / heart sent a chill through the academic world
heart: bird the sentences ~ (police arrests)
“forget it, Jake, it’s Chinatown” taking & removing: blade / verb
a fatalistic ~ notion... chloroform (noun)
allusion: film
chloroform in print
feeling, emotion & effect: allusion / film Young Adult Literature is ~ (paraphrase of Mark Twain)
fate, fortune & chance: allusion / film
consciousness & awareness: health & medicine
chink (chink in one’s armor)
chocolate (African Americans)
chink in her opponent's armor
she uncovered a critical chink in her ~ ‘chocolate cities’
~ should be viewed as America’s heartland (Ernest Owens)
chink in his armor
she found a ~ identity & nature: color
the one ~ has been… (an athlete)
he has not been able to find a ~ (tennis) choir (preach to the choir)
protection & lack of protection: Middle Ages / military / preaching to the choir
weapon they are ~ (sympathetic audience)
we are ~ (a drug program / parents)
chink (flaw)
message / unanimity & consensus: religion
chink in conditioning
any ~ could mean defeat (Olympic swimming)
choirboy (behavior)
chink of vulnerability choirboy
he hasn’t shown a ~ he was a ~ compared to some of Hernandez’s other friends
choke points, bridges, tunnels put the school on the chopping block
identify ~ (military) officials have ~ (underperforming)
choke point or kill zone dismissal, removal & resignation: ax / blade / head / neck
as the enemy moves into the ~ fate, fortune & chance: ax / blade / head / neck
destruction: ax / blade / head / neck
chokepoints in the Northwest Passage
include one off Barrow, Alaska, and in Canada
chopping block (other)
choke points on interstates keep the program off the chopping block
~ and state highways supporters are trying to ~
climax of my career
climb down (verb)
covering Hajj is the ~ (a journalist) climbed down from his decision
climax of the (religious) festival he has ~ to expel US diplomats
Shia pilgrims flocked to Karbala for the ~ (Ashura) climb down from all this
climax of the pilgrimage how do you ~ (diplomatic problem)
the short trek to Mount Arafat, marking the ~ reversal: direction / verb
marks the climax climber (social climber, etc.)
the ceremony ~ of the summer season (battlefield)
determined climber
nearing a climax he was a ~ (a young drug lord)
the drama is ~ (who to select as goalkeeper)
society: person
reached its climax
partisan politics ~ with the impeachment cling (verb)
development: theater cling on
he tried to ~ by offering new elections
climb (scale)
cling to the belief
climbed a (well-worn) immigrant ladder some parents ~ that vaccines cause autism
Chaudri ~ (dishwasher, cab driver)
clings to her
way to climb it’s a deeply embarrassing episode that still ~ today (singer)
the people of Africa have a long ~
cling to hope
attainment / progress & lack of progress: direction / families ~ as the search for survivors continues
mountains & hills / movement / verb
clung to his innocence
climb (increase) a large minority ~ (guilty verdict)
climbed to 612 cling to their own language
as Los Angeles' murder count ~ for the year in this region of China, where Tibetans ~ (Qinghai)
climbed to 40 degrees clinging to life
as the temperature ~ he is in the hospital, ~
he is critical and ~ (shot)
climbed in velocity
the wind suddenly switched in direction and ~ (ship) clung to the marriage
she ~ for longer than she should have
climbed 21%
Nokia earnings ~ cling to the past
it's foolish to ~ (an opinion)
climbed to $70
the price of a barrel of oil ~ clinging to power
economic cloud
he acknowledged ~s on the horizon
character & personality / identity & nature: cloth coal (rake somebody over the coals)
taxonomy & classification: cloth
rake him over the coals
clown (verb) let's not ~s for a remark he made 30 years ago
clowning around punishment & recrimination: fire / verb
stop ~ speech: fire / verb
behavior: circus / verb coarse (speech)
clown (person) coarse word
it's a ~ (asshole)
clowns
plane was designed by ~ supervised by monkeys (Boeing) flaws & lack of flaws: materials & substances
speech: materials & substances
class clown
he was the ~, always dancing, singing, and joking coast (coast is clear)
he survived bullies by acting as the ~ (Richard Pryor)
coast is clear
overrated, overhyped clown let’s wait 2 weeks until we say the ~ (epidemic)
he’s an ~ (said by a boxer of another boxer)
danger: boat / sea
character & personality: circus / person
insult / person: circus
coast (coast to victory, etc.)
club (boys’ club) coasted to victory
the team ~
boy’s club
the upper echelon of music is still a ~ difficulty, easiness & effort: movement / verb
center & periphery: ground, terrain & land / sea ideological "cocoons"
the digital age makes it easy to spend your time in ~
cobble together (verb)
security cocoon
cobbled together a living he was wrapped in a tight ~ (president)
for a while she ~ acting and waitressing
spiritual cocoon
cobbled together a resume I was in a ~ (a nun in her pre-social justice period)
I ~ and was invited to interview
emerge from the cocoon
cobbled together a video he began to ~ of sorrow, rage and despair
he ~ with claims of an ‘amazing cancer cure’
peel away the (thick) cocoon
creation & transformation: clothing & accessories / verb I started to ~ I had built around my life (gay comes out)
cockroach (noun) avoidance & separation / division & connection / isolation
& remoteness / protection & lack of protection: insect
cockroach
he is an autocrat, a “~,” despoiling the country (a leader) cocoon (resemblance)
insult / violence: animal / insect cocoon of air bags
it bounced down in a ~ (Mars "Spirit")
cocktail (noun)
resemblance: insect
cocktail of (psychoactive) drugs
he downs a daily ~ (mental illness) cocooned
cocktail of ash, acids, aerosols cocooned in privilege
the cloud, a toxic ~ (pollution / S. Asia) a metropolitan elite ~ (Great Britain)
cocktail of things cocooned in a (dignified) silence
it’s a ~, it’s never one thing (what makes serial killers) the stadium is now ~ (memorial to dead fans)
Disney’s cocktail avoidance & separation / division & connection / isolation
~ of morality, stereotypes and magic (animated films) & remoteness / protection & lack of protection: insect
drug cocktail coffer (noun)
new ~s make living with HIV a reality
campaign coffers
toxic cocktail she’ll have to replenish her ~ quickly
the cloud, a ~ of ash, acids, aerosols (S. Asia)
money: container / sign, signal, symbol
mixture: alcohol / bird / food & drink
coffin (death / actual)
cocoon (verb)
coffin or the suitcase
“cocoon” in their homes it is the choice between the ~ (Algerian Civil War)
they were asked to ~ (elderly in Ireland during pandemic)
death & life: sign, signal, symbol
avoidance & separation / division & connection / isolation
& remoteness / protection & lack of protection: insect / coffin (nail in the coffin, etc.)
verb standards coffin
the nails went into the ~ when... (education)
probe into the (company's) collapse control & lack of control / possession / taking & removing:
an internal ~ shows… ground, terrain & land / verb
collapse engulfed Russia colonized
economic ~ (following fall of communism)
colonized
faced collapse British English has been ~ (by American English)
the company asked for government intervention as it ~
♦ “Beware of the new ideological colonization that tries to destroy the
lead to the collapse family. It’s not born of the dream that we have from God and prayer—it
comes from outside and that’s why I call it a colonization.” (“Pope Warns
the situation could ~ of the Iraqi government Of ‘Ideological Colonization’; Praises Catholics in Caucasus” by Rebecca
Hersher, October 2, 2016. Pope Francis opposed rich countries foisting
failure, accident & impairment: infrastructure / ruins / verb gender theory, contraception and gay marriage on poorer countries in
destruction: infrastructure / ruins / verb return for development aid.)
collide (verb) control & lack of control / possession / taking & removing:
ground, terrain & land
collide with (ancient) traditions
modern mores often ~ (Africa) color (verb)
generations collide color the residents (of the Gulf Coast) unimpressed
when ~ at work (boomers / Gen X) ~ by the government reaction to the disaster
conflict: crashes & collisions / verb colors his perspective
he is a wealthy small businessman, and that ~
collision (noun)
colors his thoughts
collision between the human and animal word his negativism ~
the bear’s death highlights the ~
colors his views
collision of cultures his vegetarianism ~ of certain countries
the dispute was a result of a ~ (temple bell vs. condo)
perception, perspective & point of view: picture / verb
collision of (all these different) cultures
it was a ~ (1930s Shanghai) color (color outside the lines, etc.)
conflict: crashes & collisions color outside the lines
back then, you could ~ (boxing marketing)
Colonel Blimp
constraint & lack of constraint: color / line / picture / verb
Colonel Blimp-ish figure
in person, Fisher cuts a ~... colored
♦ The cartoon appeared in 1934.
colored by their relationship
allusion: books & reading countries' views are ~ with Iran (on an issue)
character & personality: allusion / history perception, perspective & point of view: picture
military: sign, signal, symbol
colonialism (noun) colorful (language)
concocted such a (wild artistic and musical) gumbo strength & weakness: materials & substances / verb
few have ~ (Van Dyke Parks)
concretized
concocted an (escape) plan
she ~ (to get away from a cult) concretized
♦ Originally, this meant to cook together. As such, it is congruent with
once a clear definition is ~ (academia)
cook up.
strength & weakness: materials & substances
creation & transformation: cooking / mixture / verb
condemn (verb)
concoction (noun)
condemned his men to march or die
plot-driven concoction he had ~ (Robert Falcon Scott / logistics)
State of Terror is a ~
condemned Scott as a “sentimentalist”
creation & transformation / mixture: cooking / food & drink Meares ~ (Antarctica)
concrete (noun) judgment: justice / verb
connect ecology-conscious
two lonely teens meet and try to ~ an ~ audience
more in control restraint & lack of restraint: control & lack of control
I always enjoy leading and it helped me feel ~ (kayaking) control (under control)
felt (very much) in control under control
she ~ (a positive job interview)
everything is ~
feeling, emotion & effect: control & lack of control I've got everything ~
control (out of control) restraint & lack of restraint: control & lack of control
in some corners of the humanities allegiance, support & betrayal: boxing / corner
there is resistance to such analysis ~ corner (cut corners)
in the (more) paranoid corners of the Internet
he posted messages ~
cut corners
oil companies ~ to maximize profits
in many corners of the West
uranium mining boomed ~
cut any corners
in this business we don’t ~ (helicopter tours)
in some corners of the book world
difficulty, easiness & effort: corner / distance / journeys &
there is opposition ~
trips
area: center & periphery / corner
corner (corner cases, etc.)
corner (other)
edge and corner
from all corners of the (political) spectrum it doesn’t take long to find ~ cases (grammar rules)
he received criticism ~
division & connection: boundary
shines light into some of the darkest corners
the book ~ of M15
cornered (adjective)
ventured into remote corners felt cornered
he ~ (a photographer) the boss ~ and that person ended up quitting (pay dispute)
♦ “If you bait a cornered dog, he will bite.”
area: center & periphery / corner
pursuit, capture & escape: hunting
corner (turn the corner)
cornerstone (noun)
turned the corner
we have ~ (economic upturn after downturn) cornerstone of the collection
this month he ~, and made a profit (businessman) the painting will be the ~ (a new museum)
so has America finally ~ (economic downturn)
cornerstones of the economy
blue-chip companies, once considered ~… (recession)
feeling, emotion & effect: chemistry / materials & cost her votes
substances / sensation the proposal could ~ in a general election (politics)
cost & benefit: money / verb
course (over the course / time) direction: boat / journeys & trips / map / verb
starting, going, continuing & ending: boat / journeys & trips
over the course of the next month / map / verb
Alabama will experience a steep increase in cases ~
course (stay the course)
over the course of a month
anxiety following a trauma that fades ~ isn’t depression stay the course
he vowed to ~ (general leading war)
time: journeys & trips / movement it is unacceptable to ~ (pandemic response)
course (run its course, etc.) stays the course
once he makes up his mind, he ~ (businessman)
run its course
Carley’s relationship with Russ had ~ direction: boat / journeys & trips / map / verb
starting, going, continuing & ending: boat / journeys & trips
starting, going, continuing & ending: movement / route /
/ map / verb
verb / walking, running & jumping
course (reverse course)
course (on course)
change course
on course for victory he was forced to ~ (government policy)
they looked ~ when... (sports)
reversed course
direction: journeys & trips Iran ~ and reopened its nuclear labs
course (on a collision course) the President ~ and grounded the plane (Boeing problem)
reversal: direction / boat / journeys & trips / map / verb
on a collision course
direction: boat / journeys & trips / map / verb
the two countries are ~
starting, going, continuing & ending: boat / journeys & trips
on a collision course / map / verb
people and the natural world are ~ course (development)
on a collision course with his boss course of the conflict
he was ~ (Navy top brass)
we cannot predict the length or the ~ (military)
on a collision course with the clerics course of the disease
the royal family is ~ (Saudi)
we can sometimes slow the ~
on a collision course for the finals the challenge is to identify patients earlier in the ~
they are ~ (two teams) course of HIV infection
conflict: crashes & collisions the ~ is characterized primarily by latency
Boeing’s (long term) cash cow eagerness & reluctance: love, courtship & marriage
~ is the 737 coyote (predation)
company's cash cow
gangs of "coyotes"
the drug is the ~
~ smuggle people in from Mexico
Microsoft's cash cow character & personality: animal / person / predation
Windows is ~
cozy (adjective)
as a cash cow
he needed Clay ~ and recruitment vehicle (boxer) cozy with Boeing
♦ “It’s bye bye cash cow.” (A reference to a boxing promoter and his the FAA was too ~
fighter’s shock defeat.)
♦ Asa W. Morris in California owned the legendary Tilly Alcartra, known cozy relationship
as “the Queen of Holsteins” for her milk production. Was she a victim of he has a ~ with the prince
an anthrax outbreak, destroyed and buried along with thousands of
others to prevent the spread of that disease? too cozy
the agency was ~ with the company
worth & lack of worth: animal / cows & cattle
feeling, emotion & effect: proximity / temperature
relationship: proximity / temperature
character & personality / identity & nature / taxonomy & crickets on the Supreme Court
classification: animal / creature but after the decision, it was essentially ~ (gun rights)
♦ The slang expression “crickets” has come to mean silence, based on
creature comfort the sound of crickets in films to indicate dead silence.
♦ Bailey Olive: “In the last two days there has been a mass shooting in
creature comforts Chicago and Philadelphia, too but they are, like this one, not one white
our campsite and all its ~ (Mt. Everest guided trip) involved, so crickets.” / Bluejay to Bailey Olive: “Did you hear that from
voices in your head?” / bibleeexpert to Bailey Olive: “So crickets? Then
wants, needs, hopes & goals: creature how did you find out about them?”
♦ “But after the landmark decision and an adjunct case two years later, it
creep (mission creep, etc.) was essentially crickets at the court on the subject of how far states may
go in regulating guns.” (Nina Totenberg, “High Court To Hear 1st Major
mission creep Gun Rights Case In More Than A Decade, NPR, Morning Edition, April
there’s a real ~ in what tech companies are doing 27, 2021.)
in the crosshairs of the NCAA alternatives & choices: journeys & trips
it’s not the first time USC’s basketball program has been ~ development / direction: journeys & trips
in regulators' crosshairs crossroad (other)
the firm is ~ (for fraud)
crossroads in his life
in the (trade war) crosshairs he'd reached a gloomy ~
the company is ~
crossroads moment
in our crosshairs the government is at a ~ (crisis)
he's ~ (a pedophile)
gloomy crossroads
found himself in the crosshairs he'd reached a ~ in his life
he has ~ between the left and the right over… (economy)
reached a (gloomy) crossroads
end up in the crosshairs he'd ~ in his life
deluged with (thousands of) requests destruction: infrastructure / ruins / tools & technology
the office was ~ (for a pamphlet) demon (affliction)
drug-deluged demons of the past
a ~ neighborhood we must exorcise the ~ (Island of Gorée and slavery)
amount & effect: flood / water
demons of (political) disorder, extremism, and cruelty
delusion (under a delusion) WWI unleased the ~
destruction: animal / food & drink / predation fate, fortune & chance: gambling / sports & games
feeling, emotion & effect: animal / food & drink / predation Dickensian (adjective)
diabolical (adjective) Dickensian character
diabolical he was a ~, a poor immigrant adopted, then rejected
gamification is thoughtless at best and ~ at worst Dickensian childhood
behavior / character & personality: creature / religion his ~ may have fueled his ambition (poverty)
she survived a ~
diagnosis (noun)
Dickensian poverty
diagnosis she lived in ~
the ~ is wrong, and the prescription is malpractice
Dickensian (rags-to-riches) story
diagnosis for America’s ills the film is a ~
it has made equality a ~ (the Democratic Party)
Dickensian tenements
American diagnosis he rose out of the city's ~ (India)
they share the ~ but not the prescription (Quad nations)
Dickensian world
analysis, interpretation & explanation: health & medicine a ~ of haves and have-nots
dial down (dial back) Dickensian warehouses
its orphanages became famous as ~ (Romania)
dial it back
don’t drink every day, ~ (alcohol) environment: allusion
dug up (a lot of) information at the library heard above the din
I~ she is doing her best to be ~ (running for president)
♦ “[Life] is a tale / told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, / signifying
dug up this citation from an old magazine nothing.” (Macbeth by Shakespeare.)
he has ~ ♦ “Was this that? Where is that conversation right now? I mean in this
particular moment... Okay! How come?... Shore...” (NPR.)
dig it up
it’s the past, it’s buried, we don’t want to ~ again attention, scrutiny & promotion / conflict / feeling, emotion
& effect / obstacles & impedance / resistance, opposition
analysis, interpretation & explanation / appearance & & defeat: sound
disappearance / concealment & lack of concealment /
searching & discovery: ground, terrain & land / mining /
dinosaur (noun)
verb dinosaur
pull those old ~s from the shed (retro rodeo / kayaking)
diluted (weakened) many like to argue that libraries are ~s
heavily diluted the network news anchormen are ~s
calls for his power to be ~ (Zuckerberg of Facebook) we're ~s (rely on old technology)
it’s a ~, a concrete monster (an old sports stadium)
attenuation: water she thinks I’m a ~, which I am, I guess (generations)
they said I was behind the times, a ~ (early critic of...)
dim (decline)
dinosaur comment
hope is dimming it’s a ~ (Eddie Hearn about something Bob Arum said)
I imagine that ~ (survivors in collapsed building)
dinosaur feminist
memories dim I'm sounding like a ~, but…
~ over time (criminal cases)
walking dinosaur
star (of Lucy Lunsford) dimmed it’s like I’m a really cute ~ (older actor Lucy Lawless)
how the ~
called the (downtown) landmarks dinosaurs
decline: light & dark / verb
the mayor has ~
dim (the dim past, etc.) go the way of the dinosaur
dim and distant frats and sororities should ~ (yet another hazing death)
the ~ past viewed the (conventional) machines as dinosaurs
time: distance / eye they ~ that would soon be rendered extinct
♦ “It’s clear that there are still a few crusty old misogynists clinging on. St
dim (overshadow) Barnabas Church would surely be a much better place if it had a woman
priest. Some of the local people who have left might return, but we now
dim the event see that the dinosaurs have won yet again.” (“Male only vicar job advert
‘misogynistic,’” BBC, 27 September 2018.)
every year some crisis threatens to ~ (awards show)
♦ “As I’m becoming more and more of a dinosaur in this league at 31
years old, I’ve got to do every little thing I can to get the ball to go just a
distant from our everyday experience absorption & immersion / analysis, interpretation &
climate change seems ~ explanation: verb / water
division & connection: distance dive (noun)
distant (relationship) stock market's dive
the ~ proved temporary
distant cousin
she is a ~ decline: direction
relationship: distance / proximity dive (deep dive)
distant (a distant second, etc.) deep dive into how
Megan takes us on a ~ far-right actors (the radical right)
distant second for a ~ COVID-19 may have first begun...
Biden was a ~ in Nevada (electoral election)
deep dive into what
extent & scope: distance a ~ is known about the coronavirus
distaste (noun) NPR takes a ~ the Mueller report reveals...
her new album takes a ~ it means to love (Jill Scott)
distaste for such associations
he has a ~ deep dive into plant-focused diets
his latest book is a ~
enthusiasm: taste
deep dive into her life
distill (verb) investigators and reporters would be doing a ~ (murdered)
distill the big issue into a digestible form Deep Dive Into The Science
he was able to ~ (a politician at a debate) ‘Invisibilia’ Team Takes A ~ Of Desire
analysis, interpretation & explanation: chemistry monthly deep-dive
BTM takes a ~ behind the scenes of the arts and sciences
ditch (stuck in a ditch, etc.)
do a deep dive
stuck in a ditch let’s ~ right into this (news show)
while our students are ~, the world is moving ahead
did a (really) deep dive
get out of the ditch these researchers ~ to analyze alcohol consumption
we're just spinning our wheels, hoping to ~ (war)
takes a deep dive
pull the government out of the ditch OPB Politics Now ~ into the hottest political topics
he seeks to ~ (a politician)
takes us on a deep dive
obstacles & impedance / progress & lack of progress: Michael ~ into the rallies undertaken by the far right
movement / ground, terrain & land
♦ “Along with host Augusta Dell’Omo, Natalie takes us on a deep dive
diva (person) into... In other episodes Michael takes us on a deep dive into... Sophie
takes us on a deep dive into... Simon takes us on a deep dive into...
Ashton takes us on a deep dive into... Ashley takes us on a deep dive
diva behaviour into... Julia takes us on a deep dive into... (Right Rising / RR on Stitcher.
critics branded her decision “~” (a tennis player) That’s a lot of divers and deep diving! The repetition shows how a
figurative expression can go from novel to cliché into the kind of
absorption & immersion / commitment & determination / generational and ideological divide
involvement: verb / water this exposes a ~ (in the Democratic party)
in her DNA
dodo (noun)
maybe tribalism is just ~ (politics) going the way of the dodo
in its DNA privacy may be ~ (Facebook, government, etc.)
the FBI had politics ~ back to its creation in 1908 white-male secretaries of state seem to be ~
the dealmakers are ~ (U.S. Congress)
in my DNA
he insisted, “stopping isn’t ~” (boxer Anthony Joshua) gone the way of the Dodo
pay phones have ~
in my family DNA pension plans have ~
it’s ~, I’m a loyal Democrat (Evan Bayh / politician)
kind of gone the way of the dodo
in our DNA the notion that we are the indispensable power has ~ (U.S.)
~, we are a company that builds tech to connect (Meta) ♦ "The Wake Island Rail became a victim of World War II. It was hunted
and eaten to extinction after the Japanese forces who occupied this
in their DNA island in 1941 became cut off from the supply route in 1944." (Wikipedia
winning is ~ (Brazilian soccer team) entry for "Wake Island Rail.")
challenging death is ~ (Wallenda family) ♦ “It’s hard to put into words. To me they are a symbol of strength,
endurance and the failure—the absolute failure—to go the way of the
in the DNA of the country dodo bird. They were teetering, but now they’re back.” (Horse Capture
Jr, a member of the Aaniiih Tribe, about the bison. From “Big Money Is
conspiracies are ~ (conspiracists) Building A New Kind Of National Park In The Great Plains” by Nate
Hegyi, NPR, Weekend Edition Saturday, December 8, 2019.)
inscribed in our DNA
some places are ~ (Lake Ohrid, the Balkans) primacy, currency, decline & obsolescence: animal
identity & nature: biology past & present / time: animal
epithet: person ♦ However, Andrew Roberts in his book Churchill: Walking With Destiny,
downplays the idea that Winston was clinically depressed, much less
person: animal / dog manic depressive. He mentions that Winston only used the term once in
dog (attack dog) his writing. He also explains that the term was “used by Victorian and
Edwardian nannies to describe their charges as out of sorts or ill-
tempered.”)
attack dog
normally the vice-presidential nominee would be the ~ feeling, emotion & effect: color / mental health
euphemism: mental health
attack dog for the president
he has been an ~ dog-and-pony show (noun)
attack dog for the Republicans did a dog-and-pony show
he is the ~ on the committee (impeachment trial) other legislators ~
coercion & motivation: animal / dog performance: animal / horse / theater
person: animal / dog
dog-eat-dog
dog (insult)
dog eat dog
"Dogs!" the rag trade was ~, survival of the fittest (clothing)
~ they yelled at the riot police (protestors)
dog-eat-dog world
proximity: doors & thresholds / verb opportunities & possibilities: doors & thresholds
door (at someone’s door, etc.) door (shown the door, etc.)
leadership’s door shown the door
she placed much of the blame at the ~ (Labor defeat) official after official in the Department of Homeland
Security was ~
manager’s door
he is injured and that has to come to the ~ (soccer) dismissal, removal & resignation: doors & thresholds
dose
dot (verb)
it's the ~ that makes the poison (emailing, etc.) dot the lake
dose of inspiration floating restaurants ~ (Tonle Sap)
he provided the team a ~ configuration: mark / verb
dose of criticism dotted (arrangement)
the president received a fair ~ for his speech
dotted with surveillance) cameras
dose of humility Times Square is ~
we all need a good ~ (debate and opinions)
dotted with (observatory) domes
dose of reality the mountain is ~ (telescopes)
he needs a ~ (selfish teen)
dotted with (small mangrove) islands
dose of sanity a shallow lagoon ~ (Khor al-Beidah)
we could use a ~
dotted with (thousands of) kites
dose of wisdom the sky is ~ of different colors and styles
they got a ~ from the coach
he brings a ~ to the government dotted with monuments
the area is ~ to him (Lorca)
dose of goodwill
the project has earned the US a ~ (foreign aid) dotted with the ruins
a valley ~ of 16th-century fortresses (Georgia)
dose of good news
we could all use a ~ dotted with smokestacks
he looked out on hills ~ (Zarqa)
double dose
a ~ of fantastic news from Vicksburg and Gettysburg (war) ice-dotted
~ rivers
healthy dose
he uses research and a ~ of imagination (writer) island-dotted
the Aegean, the ~ region (sailors rarely far from land)
heavy dose
in Copenhagen he ingested a ~ of Aristotle (Tycho Brahe) monastery-dotted
a beautiful, ~ land (Montenegro)
small doses
I could only read it in ~ (a book) configuration: mark
character & personality: earth & world drag (drag somebody into something)
downturn (noun) dragged you into this
I shouldn't have ~ (dangerous situation)
downturn in business
hotels have experienced a 90 percent ~ (war) drag some along kicking and screaming
he may have to ~ (a reform police chief)
economic downturn
the company foundered during the ~ involvement: burden / verb
eagerness & reluctance: burden / verb
decline: direction
drag down (verb)
doyen (squad leader)
drag Lara down with you
doyen of inaction movies don’t ~
Andersson, the ~ (New Yorker review of the filmmaker)
dragging the country down into the gutter
experience: military / person they are ~ of rancor and vitriol (politics)
draconian (adjective) obstacles & impedance: arm / verb
set to drop growth & development: farming & agriculture / plant / rain
the evening before her album is ~ / weather & climate
♦ “When we were promoting the show before it had aired, or dropped, or
whatever they say at Netflix.” (Christina Applegate, showing perhaps a
drove (herd or flock)
little exasperation with “contempo-speak.”)
out in droves
inauguration: mechanism / verb tourists are ~ (summer)
drop (drop in the bucket) leaving in droves
Italy’s youth are ~
drop in the bucket
in relationship to its annual revenue, it was a ~ (a fine) showed up in droves
the numbers are a ~ compared to the southern border people ~ to donate blood (mass shooting)
the league’s own contribution was a ~ compared to...
turned to BBC in their droves
amount: water people have ~ during the pandemic
drop out (verb) turn out in droves
Democrats predicted minority voters would ~
dropped out of the race
he ~ (a politician) turned out in droves
voters have ~
dropped out of the labor force ♦ In the 1800s up to 175,000 hogs passed through Asheville, western
discouraged job-seekers have ~ North Carolina, each fall on their way south to South Carolina from
Tennessee. Drovers also drove great herds of turkeys, ducks, mules,
starting, going, continuing & ending: direction / verb horses, cows, flocks of sheep, etc. along the road. Inns and stands grew
dismissal, removal & resignation: direction / verb up along the route to accommodate both men and animals at night. Local
people grew corn to feed the animals and established ferries and
drought (in a drought) bridges. And towns grew up as people prospered. The film The Journey
of August King, based on the book by John Ehle, gives a flavor of life in
those times.
in a sexual drought
I've been ~ for a while amount / behavior: animal
in the middle of a drought drown (verb)
the team is ~ (losing)
♦ "I weep for my country. When you can plow, you can hope. Right now, drown
there is no hope." (Mostafa Imam, on drought in Swaziland.) I feel like I'm treading water and will soon ~ (a teacher)
♦ "In February, when the food ran out, Ezlina Chambukira started selling
her precious possessions one by one. First, her goat. Then an old
drowning in crime
umbrella. Then two metal plates and a battered pail. When she had Detroit is ~
nothing left, she started praying for a miracle… It is harvest time, but
crops are withered and many people are eating banana roots and drowning in debt
pumpkin leaves." ("Meager Harvest in Africa Leave Millions at the Edge I’m ~ for a piece of paper I never received (college debt)
of Starvation," June 23, 2003, by Rachel L. Swarns.)
♦ "Who in the desert had never tasted drought? Who had not been drowning in its own garbage
driven into exile by famine? Such things were the inescapable fate of the Lebanon is ~
desert—and all the songs of the desert were an expression of this grief,
drought, and homelessness." (Gold Dust by the great Ibrahim al-Koni.) drowning in (kitchen) gizmos
growth & development: farming & agriculture / plant / rain in an age when we are ~...
/ weather & climate drowning in a sea
I'm ~ of acronyms (nuclear weapons)
survival, persistence & endurance: verb / water drumbeats (of war) are filling our nation
the ~
drown out (verb)
drumbeat of war has grown louder
drowned out his (in-ring) interview the ~ in the past few days
boos ~ (a boxer who won a split decision)
Internet drumbeat
sound / superiority & inferiority: verb / water the explanation is sometimes drowned out by the ~
drowned out drumbeat is intensifying
the ~ to toughen up laws regarding sexual predators
drowned out by the Internet drumbeat
♦ “The drumbeat of war is sounding loud and the rhetoric has gotten
the explanation is sometimes ~ rather shrill.” (Michael Carpenter, US Ambassador to the Organization for
Security and Cooperation (OSCE) in Europe, about the Ukrainian crisis
drowned out by the thunder in January, 2022.)
informed voices were ~ of the partisan lynch mob
♦ Ari Shapiro: “Well, do you hear the drums of war beating?” / Eleanor
Beardsley: “You know what? I don’t...” (Eleanor Beardsley reporting from
sound / superiority & inferiority: water Kharkiv / Kharkov, 25 miles from the Russian border. (“The view from
drum (beat the drum / bang the drum, border city Kharkiv, Ukraine, as Russian troops appear ready to invade,”
NPR, All Things Considered, Jan. 13, 2022.)
etc.) message: military / sound
banging the drum on this problem attention, scrutiny & promotion: military / sound
he has been ~ since... drummed out
beating the drum about this drummed out of the party
the Biden administration has been ~ (COVID masking) he has been ~ (politics)
beating the drum against big government dismissal, removal & resignation: military
she is ~ (a politician)
drummer (different drummer)
pounds the drum for the power of the people
the film ~ to make things right (politics) different-drummer commitment
he offers a ~ to civility (versus political bickering)
message: military / sound / verb
attention, scrutiny & promotion: military / sound / verb out-of-step, against-the-grain, different-drummer
~ types
drumbeat (noun)
march to a different drummer
drumbeat of accusations his willingness to ~ is his biggest liability (politics)
eat away at America's sense of security eat (eat and breathe, etc.)
the sniper attacks ~ (D.C. area)
eat and breathe
eat through the (plastic) sheeting these guys ~ cycling (Giro d’Italia)
the chlorine will ~ ♦ “Larry slept it, ate it, drink it, eat it, it was all basketball for him.” (An
admiring comment about the great Larry “The Hick from French Lick”
eat into the flesh Bird, about his work ethic.)
necrotic ulcers are deep, open wounds that ~
absorption & immersion / commitment & determination /
eat up your mind consumption / enthusiasm: breathing / food & drink / verb
meth will ~ (methamphetamine addiction)
eat (eat and sleep, etc.)
eat you up
playing such a demanding role could ~ (Tina Turner) eating and sleeping
he has been ~ boxing, work, work, work (training)
eat him up
this will ~ bad (boxing champ loses in shock defeat) absorption & immersion / commitment & determination /
consumption / enthusiasm: food & drink / sleep / verb
eating him up
he kept quiet, but it was ~ (sexually assaulted) eaten alive, etc.
eat me up eaten up inside
I knew the shame would ~ otherwise (without confessing) whenever I thought about it, I found myself in a rage, ~
bring down the (whole) edifice cost & benefit: allusion / animal / bird
any crack in the system would ~ (dictatorship) worth & lack of worth: allusion / animal / bird
tear down the edifice eggshell (noun)
the right has used religion to ~ and secular morality
eggshell of trust
chipping away at the edifice it shatters the ~ (Pilots Union vs. Boeing)
lawyers are ~ of person responsibility (neuroscience)
strength & weakness: animal / bird / materials &
bases: house substances
Edison (Edison of the Internet, etc.) eggshell (walking on eggshells)
Edison of the Internet walking on eggshells
Bill Joy is sometimes called the ~ for over 10 years, I spent every day ~ (domestic abuse)
creation & transformation: epithet I was ~ (interviewing Malala Yousafzai)
edit (verb) feeling, emotion & effect: animal / bird / materials &
substances
edit DNA
they developed the tools to ~
eight ball (behind the eight ball, etc.)
edit any genome way behind the eight ball
we can ~ (Crispr-Cas9) we are ~ (Patty Murray about pandemic response)
creation & transformation: verb / writing & spelling difficulty, easiness & effort: sports & games
Elbow Cay
electric (feeling)
we sailed to ~ (Bahamas) electric
Elbow Point at the opening of the trial, the atmosphere was ~
~ is a point in Quezon, Philippines electric performance
Devil’s Elbow despite another ~ from Mia Hamm... (soccer)
the ~ trail parallels the river (Panthertown, NC) electric quarterbacks
attachment / identity & nature / impression / relationship: embrace (an uncomfortable) truth
ground, terrain & land we must ~ (US corrections)
creation & transformation: cloth / verb appearance & disappearance: plant / verb / water
growth & development: death & life / biology / birth emerging technology
she is an expert in human behavior and ~
embryonic (adjective)
emerging writers
embryonic European Common Market the magazine’s greatest achievement was publishing ~
he refused to join the ~ (Churchill)
appearance & disappearance: plant / water
embryonic stage
I’m still a novice, in the ~ of my career (a boxer)
emperor (Exmoor Emperor, etc.)
growth & development: death & life / biology / birth Exmoor Emperor
the giant red stag known as the ~
emerge (verb)
proper name: royalty
emerging
a new world is ~ (nationalism)
emperor (power)
emerged network and its emperor
a four-way race has ~ (election) the social ~, Mark Zuckerberg
epicenter of the epidemic ♦ “Typhoid is epidemic along the entire Susquehanna Valley, lasting the
year round. / Dr. Edson describes the streets as still reeking with filth,
Gorakhpur, the ~ (Japanese encephalitis) and says that disinfectants are still apparently unknown to the majority of
the people there.” (“The Plague At Plymouth,” The New York Times, May
epicenter of youth culture 17, 1885.)
the ~ (Shimokitazawa in Tokyo) ♦ “New York City had seen its share of epidemic disease. From the
Dutch settlement forward, infectious outbreaks were a common part of
riot's epicenter daily life.” (Bellevue: Three Centuries of Medicine and Mayhem at
South-Central, the ~ (LA) America’s Most Storied Hospital by David Oshinsky.)
♦ “Most of the adult male leaders in Samoa died during the 1918
global epicenter epidemic.”
Vegas is boxing’s ~
affliction / amount & effect / extent & scope: health &
♦ “I’m inside the corridors of the Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital. And it
was really the epicenter of the epicenter, absolutely overwhelmed in the medicine
first wave, the scenes that woke the West up to what was in store for
them... The mental scars still run very deep... and will take a generation epitaph (noun)
to fade.” (BBC Correspondent Mark Lowen in Bergamo, Dec. 23, 2020.)
epitaph for his campaign
location / place: earthquake
the ~ may be that... (losing politician)
center & periphery: earthquake
destruction: burial / death & life
epidemic (noun)
equate (verb)
epidemic
amid that ~, one single infection was fateful (NotPetya) equates not getting the COVID shot to drunk driving
he ~ (a politician)
epidemic of crack
the neighborhood is recovering from an ~ comparison & contrast: number / verb
presence & absence: death & life / verb exorcised that ghost
European leaders thought they had ~ (Berlusconi)
exit (noun)
amelioration & renewal / dismissal, removal & resignation
exit / reconciliation, resolution & conclusion: creature / religion
I'm not surprised by his ~ (resignation) / verb
no possible clean exit expedition (fishing expedition)
there was ~ (combat)
fishing expedition
rush for the exits the government claimed the investigation was a ~ (politics)
the withdrawal is a hasty ~ (Afghanistan) traffic stops that became ~s (police and Latinos)
rush for the exits fishing expedition for information
US troops will not "~" (in Afghanistan) it appears to be a ~, casting a very broad net
rushing to the exit pursuit, capture & escape: animal / fish / hunting
the Biden administration is ~ (Afghanistan) searching & discovery: animal / fish / hunting
urging an exit expense (at the expense)
his generals and the prime minister were ~ (a leader)
at the expense of Arabs
pursuit, capture & escape / situation: container Turkey's growing regional role will not be ~
coming, arriving, staying, leaving & returning: doors &
thresholds / theater at the expense of the animals
owners cut costs and corners ~ (ranches)
exodus (noun)
at the expense of (naive) consumers
exodus of civilians sophisticated consumers can profit ~
he expects a further ~ (war)
at the expense of the family
exodus of staff members but all this success was ~... (working women)
the magazine has been bled by an ~
at the expense of the poor
exodus of doctors, engineers, scientists privatization further enriches the rich ~
Venezuela suffers from an ~ and other professionals
at the expense of his life
exodus (of women) from the (science) fields his actions ~... (Medal of Honor)
her paper examines the ~
at the expense of troop levels
immigrant exodus shifting troops to Baghdad will come~ elsewhere
Italy fears an ~ on a biblical scale (from Libya)
at Owner's Expense
management exodus Violators will be Towed Away ~ (airport)
feeling, emotion & effect / initiation: explosion / pressure / caused the (mouse) population to explode
verb / weapon the hunting of snakes has ~
explored (several) fantasies searching & discovery: journeys & trips / person
we ~ with each other (Internet) explosion (violence, etc.)
explore my (secret) fantasies
explosion of violence
my website allows me to ~
both sides shared the blame for the ~
explores matters this ~ follows weeks of simmering tension (Jerusalem)
the film ~ of love, sex, and commitment initiation: explosion
exploring its options explosion (sound)
Twitter says it’s ~ under Indian law
explosion of gunfire
explore the Bard’s life and work
he heard the ~ (combat)
we will ~ (BBC program)
sound: explosion
searching & discovery: journeys & trips / verb
explorer (person) explosion (increase)
explosion of (arctic) flowers
explorer of the past
May and June bring an ~
he was a pioneer ~ (Francesco Petrarch)
explosion of studies
explorer of race, memory and discrimination
we have seen an ~ examining violent video games
meet Jessie Yaros: an ~ (neurobiology and behavior)
explosion in (graphics) technology
Dora the Explorer
the ~
~ is one of the most recognized Latinx characters on TV
explosion in (cellphone) use
Internet Explorer
the ~ has had an impact on 911 operations
~ will die next year (the blue “e” icon)
explosion of (international) trade and travel
new (space) explorers
the ~ that's occurred
robots, not humans, are the ~
AIDS explosion
explorer and enthusiast
the potential for an ~ in the country (India)
remembering Anthony Bourdain, ~ (Linda Holmes)
♦ “What does Dora Explorer explore?” (Google search: People also crime explosion
ask...) the ~ (in Venezuela)
under the (watchful) eyes of (security) officers eye (see eye to eye, etc.)
he was constantly ~
see eye to eye with my (new) boss
have eyes on that money I don't ~
we don’t ~ (charitable contributions)
see eye to eye
keep a (close) eye on her we will never ~
we have to ~ they don't always ~ (European leaders)
they might ~ (two leaders)
keep a (close) eye on them
we ~ (detainees) unanimity & consensus: eye
maintained a façade of negotiation ♦ We’re not going anywhere; we’re here to stay; we’re in your face; we’re
present and not absent; you will not erase us... (Different groups.)
the government began planning military action while it ~
♦ “Running while brown. Skittish while Muslim.” (NPR. Code Switch.
peered behind the facade Race. In Your Face.)
the center’s reputation had taken some hits from reporters ♦ “He was the originator of getting in your face and talking trash.”
who’d ~ (Orlando Woolridge about the great NBA star Larry Bird, a Hoosier from
French Lick, Indiana.)
appearance & reality / concealment & lack of concealment
conflict / resistance, opposition & defeat: face
/ subterfuge / substance & lack of substance:
confronting, dealing with & ignoring things: face
infrastructure
face (conflict)
face (public face, etc.)
get out of my face
face of boxing now ~ (leave / rude)
he changed the ~ (Muhammad Ali)
conflict: face
face of climate denial
President Trump has become the ~ (Al Gore) face (face facts, etc.)
face of fashion face your problems
model diversity and the ever-changing ~ you have to ~ head on
international face confronting, dealing with & ignoring things: face / verb
he was the ~ of Iraq (Tariq Aziz) face (brave face, etc.)
public face
he is the ~ of the proposed community center
putting on a brave face
his allies are ~ (politics)
he has become the ~ of the hospital (chief of trauma)
Yamani became the ~ of the oil embargo (1973) put your best face forward
the Defense Secretary is the ~ of the Pentagon sometimes you just have to ~
changing the face put a brave face on this awful situation
they are ~ of competitive skateboarding (Sky, Bombette) they are trying to ~
representation: face / picture / sign, signal, symbol appearance & reality: face
face (look something in the face) face (face anger, etc.)
looked their tragic history in the face face anger
the Americans had never ~ leaders ~ across Nigeria
insult: face ♦ See the excellent Wikipedia entry, “Facepalm.” It’s a meme, an emoji,
etc. Apparently, mandrills do it, too. Like so much language, this started
face (concept) on the internet and has spread on same. Who knew?
favorite son ♦ “[Her book] was described as ‘fearless’ by British writer Zadie Smith.”
(New York writer Raven Leilani, winner of 2021 Dylan Thomas Prize.)
he was welcomed to Ireland like a ~ (Obama)
♦ “12 Fierce Accessories to get you through every occasion when you
Australia’s favorite sons need to feel fearless this fall.” (Glamour X, Nine West.)
the death of one of ~ has shocked the country ♦ Forward. Jewish. Fearless. Since 1897. (The Forward digital
magazine.)
fed Mayorga a (steady) diet feeds into the white manifest destiny thing
he ~ of left hooks and right hands (De La Hoya) the propaganda story ~
have all our feelers out hold the airline's feet to the fire
we ~, and there’s a lot of options he vowed to ~ (a regulator)
feet (stand on one’s own two feet) division & connection: fence
ferocious fighting ♦ “She’s a maniac, maniac on the floor / And she’s dancing like she’s
never danced before.” (The film Flashdance, 1983.)
~ is taking place in Lashkar Gah (Helmand province)
inclusion & exclusion: society
ferocious fires
~ burned through the Santa Monica Mountains ferocity (other)
ferocious reputation ferocity of the ambush
he is a local military commander with a ~ (Afghanistan) commanders were stunned by the ~ (Afghanistan)
ferocious (American) response ferocity of the eruption
there is going to be a ~ (diplomacy) scientists were caught off guard by the ~
ferocious (diplomatic) row ferocity of weather
her detention led to a ~ between China and Canada we don’t normally get that sort of ~ (Storm Eunice / UK)
ferocious storm war’s ferocity
they were caught in a ~ near the summit of Les Droites the fate of one family illustrates Gaza ~ (2009)
countries in the Caribbean that have to deal with ~s
with such ferocity
ferocious wildfire he threw punches ~ (Mike Tyson)
growth & development: farming & agriculture / plant ♦ “She was a fierce, fierce woman who wanted him at all costs” (2008) is
the traditional construct: a determined, predatory woman who knows
field hand (person) what she wants (a particular man) and will stop at nothing to get him.
See maneater (female). This is the contemporary construct.
field hands of academia ♦ see also badass (power), beast (power), fearless (girls and women,
etc.), ferocious (other), fiercely (girls and women / groups, etc.), savage
adjunct faculty are the ~ (adj)
dominance & submission / superiority & inferiority: farming ♦ [high pitched whoop] (Closed captioning.)
& agriculture / person ♦ LFG. (The “battle cry” of the US Women’s national soccer team.)
♦ “Mean-mugging” is a meme.
fiend (behavior)
♦ “We’re standing up for fierce women who raised me to never back
down from a tough fight.” (Politics.)
fitness fiend
I’m a ~ (an NFL player) ♦ “Now that’s what I call fierce! You’re a star.” (Michelle Obama in a
tweet about Nia Dennis and her “the Culture” gymnastic routine.)
text messaging fiend ♦ “I imagine the term ‘fierce’ was coined after meeting him.” (Actor and
California girl is ~ (14,528 in one month / 2009) supermodel Milla Jovovich on the death of Andre Leon Talley, fashion
industry icon and author of The Chiffon Trenches.)
behavior: creature / mental health ♦ “Renee Ballard, a fierce young detective fighting to prove herself.” (A
blurb to promote a book.)
fierce (girls and women / groups, etc.) ♦ “12 Fierce Accessories to get you through every occasion when you
need to feel fearless this fall.” (Glamour X, Nine West.)
fierce accessories
♦ “Chrissy Metz, 40, Shows Off Massive Weight Loss In Fierce New
13 ~ to get you through every occasion (fashion) Photo.” (Promoted: Swift Verdict.)
fierce advocate ♦ “Both of you are mighty, I gotta say, both of you, and you’re bringing it
to us again, thank you so much... (Robin Roberts introducing a
she was a ~ for women’s athletics (a soccer player) travelogue on Washington State featuring Becky Worley and Ginger
Zee.)
fierce Abigail Breslin
♦ “Melina, a scientist who may know a little something about how an
moving performances by Damen and a ~ (Stillwater) army of young girls could be coerced into becoming assassins...” (Bob
Mondello reviewing Marvel’s Black Widow for NPR.)
Fierce Five
♦ Girl-boss culture; girl boss culture; girlboss... (See the Wikipedia entry.
they were known as the ~ (2012 US Olympic gym team) Or “Is Being a ‘Girl Boss’ a Bad Thing? It’s Complicated” by Paige
Skinner, Los Angeles Magazine, May 13, 2021.)
fierce honesty
♦ Girl boss culture, it’s hustle culture, it’s putting bright red lipstick on
her album gives musical form to ~ and emotional freedom capitalism.”
fierce enthusiasm ♦ Juche. (The DPRK’s state ideology. The word could be translate as
“taking charge” or “in command.”)
she was known for her ~ for sci-fi and comics
♦ “The main selling point will be ‘girl power.’” (Snark on an upcoming
fierce performance Angelina Jolie film.)
Kathryn Hunter delivers a ~ (The Tragedy of Macbeth) ♦ “She is a passionate animal advocate and fierce in the fight against
cancer.” (The biography of a meteorologist welcoming her to a different
‘fierce poise’ market.)
with ~, she poured beauty (artist Helen Frankenthaler) ♦ “”Snapped up this designer trench at Marshalls. Shoulda cost a lot
more.’ Stay fierce. Fabulous Brands. Feel Good Prices.” (An
fierce (political) views advertisement for Marshalls with music by the Pom Poms: “Look at me,
how she gained her ~ (Ani DiFranco) look at me, look at me...”)
♦ “Gatorade Fierce. Grape. Naturally Flavored with Other Natural
fierce women Flavors. Bold and Intense. Water, sugar, dextrose, citric acid, natural
we’re standing up for ~ (politics) flavor, sodium citrate, salt, monopotassium phosphate, modified food
starch, glycerol ester of rosin, blue 1, red 40.”
Fierce Little Thing ♦ “When black ladies go bald they look ferce [sic], when white women do
~ is the story of a young girl it we look like Kemo [sic] patients. (NoMoreFalseGods to Loves_Trees.)
♦ “In the mellowing afterglow of victory, they don’t seem so fierce.”
from classic to fierce (Elected women.)
~, there isn’t a red carpet look Taylor hasn’t tried ♦ “Death only comes once, I’m not afraid of them killing me.”
(Photojournalist Roya Heydari, who fled Afghanistan and is currently in
fierce and heartwarming France.)
she is a ~ hero (Afghan woman scores high on test) ♦ STOP. SAYING. “FIERCE!” (SkepDoc, on a comment board about
“The 33 Fiercest Moments From Beyonce’s Halftime Show” by Lauren
famous, fierce and fashion forward Yapalater, BuzzFeed, Feb. 4, 2013.)
RuPaul, ~ ♦ “Only then was I able to attach the name to an actual body, but I was
inwardly astonished. I had imagined that the students who had been so
trash, filth, and sleaze find (a date can find us, etc.)
locals use words like ~ (an annual motorcycle rally) finds us in Newman
♦ “Late Sunday, riot police sprayed putrid-smelling water to break up dawn the next day ~ (Western Australia)
Palestinian protests.” (AP, “Israeli troops kill Palestinian in West Bank
clashes,” Feb 13, 2022.)
found the travelers in Rome
insult / violence / worth & lack of worth: hygiene August 12 ~
sufficiency, insufficiency & excess: hygiene found ourselves among other journalists
we ~ and aid workers scrambling to escape
filthy (corruption)
found ourselves trying
filthy business we ~ to...
greed has turned our health-care system into a ~
found ourselves cooped up
filthy mess we ~ for a while (pandemic)
we must clean up this ~ (Wall Street)
find yourself in a situation
filthy politics you could ~ where you keep boosting... (vaccines)
we have seen eight years of ~ ♦ “Over the pass we dropped at once into a gulch. The place was
extraordinarily broken. Deep screes, encumbered with boulders and
corruption: hygiene trunks, streams and rocks, all thickly overgrown with a carpet of moss;
the whole scene reminded me vividly of a picture of Walpurgis Night. It
filthy (sex) would be hard to imagine a wilder and more repellent scene that that
grim gorge.” (Dersu the Trapper by V. K. Arseniev.)
filthy joke ♦ “Midway in our life’s journey, I went astray / from the straight road and
he cracked ~s woke to find myself / alone in a dark wood...” (The Inferno, translated by
John Ciardi.)
filthy mind
people who see sex in this have ~s consciousness & awareness: journeys & trips / place
old people have ~s, too find (hope, etc.)
filthy piece of trash found Jesus in prison
the book is a ~ ("Lolita" by VN) John Ellis Sparks ~ (Alabama murderer)
called the play filthy searching & discovery: hunting
Comstock ~ ("Mrs. Warren's Profession by GBS)
sex: hygiene
fire
fire (hold somebody's feet to the fire)
where there’s smoke, there’s ~ see feet (hold somebody’s feet to the fire)
evidence / substance & lack of substance: fire fire (on fire / feeling)
fire (criticism)
on fire
heavy fire the team came out ~ (playing well
he has been taking ~ from his rivals (Democratic politics) feeling, emotion & effect: fire / temperature
incoming fire fire (fire and desire, etc.)
he's going to take all this ~ (a politician)
fire in my belly
took (incoming) fire I didn’t have that ~ (to become president)
I ~ on social media for that...
accusation & criticism: military / weapon
fire and desire
they have some young players with ~ (soccer)
speech: weapon
fire (under fire) competitive fires
he admitted his ~ had been banked (pro athlete)
under fire feeling, emotion & effect: fire
his judgment has repeatedly come ~
commitment & determination: fire
he is ~ after an unconfirmed report surfaced...
she displayed coolness ~ (political debate performance) fire (light a fire under somebody)
under fire for not arresting light a fire under him
the FBI is coming ~ we need to ~ (motivation)
under fire for his policy lit a fire under that boy’s ass
he has come ~ (visas) whatever it was, something ~ (Shawshank Redemption)
under fire from (human rights) groups coercion & motivation: fire / verb / violence
Egypt recently came ~
fire (fuel on the fire, etc.)
come under fire
mink farms have ~ for skinning minks alive fire of (toxic) political warfare
his judgment has repeatedly ~ (a prosecutor) this will pour fuel on the ~
accusation & criticism: military / weapon pour fuel on the fire
speech: weapon this will ~ of toxic political warfare
fire (draw fire, etc.) poured gas on the fire
the president ~ with a provocative tweet (sports issue)
drawing fire a tweet ~ when... (sports dispute)
the plan is ~
throws gas on the fire
face fire Palin ~ in Iowa (politics)
he is going to ~ from his fellow candidates (debate)
threw kerosene on an already blazing situation
accusation & criticism: military / weapon his cheap shots ~
speech: military / weapon
drain the fuel away
fire (fire back) the military alone will not ~ from the jihadists
firing back increase & decrease: fire
Smollett is ~ and his legal team is digging in
fire (play with fire)
fired back at her attackers
she ~ playing with fire
accusation & criticism: military / weapon you better be careful, you're ~
speech: weapon / verb I was ~, it was just a matter of time before I got caught
I hope they appreciate the degree to which they are ~
fire (flash fire) (diplomacy)
flash fire of hope fate, fortune & chance: fire / verb
he ignited a ~ (Obama)
fist (armored fist, etc.) ability & lack of ability: health & medicine
flaws & lack of flaws: health & medicine
armored fist
the ~ of the tank-heavy 1991 Persian Gulf War
fix (verb)
driving force / force: fist / military fix it
the economy is broken, and Obama can't ~
fist (a boss with an iron fist, etc.)
fix relations
ran the company with an iron fist the US is trying to ~ (with Pakistan)
he ~
amelioration & renewal: mechanism / verb
treated with an iron fist
some patients are ~ (mentally ill, etc.)
fix (daily fix, etc.)
character & personality / control & lack of control: fist daily fix
news junkies can get a ~ (Web site)
fist (a leader with an iron fist)
weekly fix
iron fist of a brutal dictator it’s Fight Talk, your ~ of boxing news (BBC boxing)
my grandparents fled the ~
enthusiasm: addiction
flag (rally around the flag) representation: boat / flags & banners
flag-bearer
rally-round-the-flag
sometimes there has been a ~ effect for a president party's flag-bearer
♦ “Yes we’ll rally round the flag, boys, we’ll rally once again / Shouting the decision shortened his run as his ~ (politics)
the battle cry of freedom / We will rally from the hillside, we’ll gather from
the plain / Shouting the battle cry of freedom!” (The “Battle Cry of person / representation: flags & banners / military
Freedom,” also known as “Rally ‘Round the Flag.”)
♦ “About ten thousand wounded soldiers were in the care of thirty or forty flagellation (noun)
surgeons. Still, a fellow worker described Barton as a cheerful spirit,
seeming to be everywhere in her blue dress and white apron. He self-flagellation
remembered that she sometimes encouraged the men to join her in ~ versus self-congratulation (debate over US history)
singing ‘Rally Round the Flag, Boys.” (Clara Barton: Civil War Nurse by
Nancy Whitelaw. Historical American Biographies. Of course, “the Angel punishment & recrimination: violence / whip
of the Battlefield” was not always cheerful in her life. But it the face of
horror, it seems she knew how to put on a brave face.) flagpole (run something up the flagpole)
allegiance, support & betrayal: flags & banners
run it up the flagpole
flag (false flag) when you ~ for review...
attention, scrutiny & promotion: fire / light & dark flare-up (noun)
message / warning: fire / light & dark
flare-up
flare (verb) drawing lessons from the ~
Muslim prayers at the shrine passed without a ~
flares in the Delta
political violence regularly ~ (Nigeria / oil, etc.) flare-up of their (long-running) feud
the latest ~ (2 NASCAR drivers)
flared on (Russia's) border
fighting ~ with Georgia today… border flareup
a war, a skirmish, a ~
flared for a third day
Christian-Muslim violence ~ in Kaduna current flareup
the ~
flared into violence
pent-up frustrations have ~ (Nigeria) latest flare-up
the ~ of their long-running feud (2 NASCAR drivers)
flared with a new ugliness
racial hatred has ~ war, skirmish, or a (border) flareup
a~
flared sporadically
sectarian violence has ~ across the country (Nigeria) increase & decrease / initiation: fire
amount & effect: flood / river / water amount & effect: flood / river / water
amount & effect: dam / flood / river / water acceptance & rejection: party
constraint & lack of constraint: dam / flood / river / water floored (emotion)
floodgate (other) floored
floodgates of memory you’ll be flattened by the end of the movie, you’ll be ~
as he began to write, the ~ opened (Leigh Fermor) floored when
floodgates of the past I was ~ I heard the news
his dark moods open up the ~ (a boxer) floored by this decision
floodgates for misuse many are ~ (released from prison on technicality)
the ~ are wide open (euthanasia law) feeling, emotion & effect: equilibrium & stability / force
emotional floodgates Florence (Florence on the Elbe, etc.)
once he starts telling his story, the ~ open
Florence on the Elbe
floodgates opened nearby Dresden, then known as ~
I told him to use street language and the ~ (writing class)
in his 60s the ~ with an outpouring of poems (Geoffrey Hill) Greek Florence
here for a fragile moment, Constantinople rebuilt itself in
floodgates were flung (wide) open miniature as a ~ (Mystras, in the Peloponnese)
in 1985, the ~ when… (guided climbs up Mount Everest)
♦ Floodgates control the level and flow of water, particularly in dams. If
knowledge & intelligence: epithet
the water level gets too high behind a dam, engineers will open the
floodgates to lower the level of the reservoir. Floodgates can also keep
tidal surges out.
activity: animal / bird / flying & falling / verb fodder for clicks, likes, and views
speed: animal / bird / flying & falling / verb these images became ~ (GIF reactions / digital blackface)
foot (on the right foot / on the wrong foot (put one’s foot down)
foot) put his foot down
he ~ about another interview (said “No”)
on the right foot
start the new year ~ resistance, opposition & defeat: foot / verb
city footprint
footstep (in the footsteps)
this will affect the entire ~ (urban-renewal project) in the footsteps of their ancestors
consumption footprint Aborigines must follow ~
the enormous ~ of someone living in the state right now in his father's footsteps
noise "footprint" he was going to follow in his ~
they should have a smaller ~ than… (airplanes) in their parents' footsteps
terrain footprint too young to be thinking about following in their ~
the Stinger missile has a small ~ in his murderous footsteps
online footprint he is determined his son will not follow ~
his other ~ includes a site… (Web sites) follow in the footsteps
combat service support (CSS) footprint Aborigines must ~ of their ancestors
the Stinger has a small ~ follow in his (murderous) footsteps
digital footprint he is determined his son will not ~
investigators are examining the case’s “~” direction: foot / journeys & trips / movement
the ~ led cops to the suspect’s house (cell-phone towers)
footstep (retrace one's footsteps)
industrial footprint
concerns about the ~ (drilling in Arctic) retraced my footsteps in Haiti
one year after the earthquake, I ~ (journalist)
large footprint
the ~ created when the minefield is fired (war) coming, arriving, staying, leaving & returning: foot /
due to the ~ when the minefield is fired... movement / verb
larger "footprint" footstep (conceal one’s footsteps, etc.)
a tire with a ~ on the road has more rolling resistance
digital footsteps
light footprint TOR drags branches behind your ~
the coalition has limited its ambitions and kept a ~
pursuit, capture & escape / subterfuge: hunting
frothy page-turner ♦ Demilitarized zones, like the one between North and South Korea, or
between Ethiopia and Eritrea, can be frozen in time, often to the
the ~, the one book everybody is reading... advantage of the wildlife.
substance & lack of substance: water ♦ In the U.S., military reservations, some taken over in the First World
War, have been frozen in time. The small communities that existed on
frown (verb) them were simply left to decay in place.
♦ The Great Smoky National Park has been frozen in time since its
frown on those things creation. The small communities were left to decay, so that only the
foundations of buildings remain. Its old-time cemeteries, however, like
we ~ the Proctor Cemetery, are still kept up or “V-upped” by descendants
annually on Decoration Day.
frowned upon homosexuality
♦ Areas flooded by dams are frozen in time. This is the case with Lake
he came from a religious background that ~ Fontana in North Carolina, where drowned bridges, trees, and even
buildings may reappear when water levels drop.
judgment / sanctioning, authority & non-conformity: face /
♦ All places “frozen in time” are inherently interesting to people, because
gesture / sign, signal, symbol / verb they make us think of the past, our own mortality, and eternity.
frowned upon ♦ see also time capsule (noun)
frowned upon by some past & present / time: snow & ice
skateboarding is still ~ frozen (activity)
judgment / sanctioning, authority & non-conformity: face / frozen funds
gesture / sign, signal, symbol is it time to release the ~ (sanctions)
frozen (movement) activity: snow & ice / temperature
frozen to the spot frozen out (excluded)
we were all ~
frozen out of discussions
movement: snow & ice they have been ~ about how the law will work (veterans)
frozen (emotion) acceptance & rejection: snow & ice / society / temperature
frozen with fear fruit (product)
well, I was terrified, I was ~ (in an acting class)
fruits of the field
product / worth & lack of worth: farming & agriculture / growth & development: farming & agriculture / fruits &
fruits & vegetables / plant vegetables / plant
we don’t know what we don’t know feel safe until they don’t
~, that’s what the investigation is all about (cops) I think all children ~, you know? (Timothy Ware-Hill)
if she never works again, she never works again look the same, until they don’t
~ (the pop star Britney Spears) ~ (corrosive change in the U.S.)
if it’s your day, it’s your day I am sick and tired of being sick and tired
~ (death while climbing) ~ (DC police chief about a spate of gun violence)
nothing will change if nothing changes she should have been here too except she wasn’t
~ (speaking up / not being afraid) ~ (murdered Lauren McCluskey / University of Utah)
those who were alive were still alive there’s a difference between knowing, and knowing
the battle had only just begun, ~ (Stalingrad) ~, you know, umm, so... (L.L. McKinney)
the men still alive were still alive just because you’re on your own on the internet
speed: animal / horse / walking, running & jumping game (in / into the game)
galvanize (verb) in the game
we will continue to be ~ (US surveillance)
galvanized people to take up
the movies ~ the cause (wrongful convictions) back in the game
we are ~
feeling, emotion & effect: electricity / verb
initiation: electricity / verb get (back) into the (dating) game
ways to ~ (self-help)
gambit (noun)
involvement: sports & games
gambit
asylum has become a ~, they all have a script game (late in the game)
unwise and diversionary gambit late in the game
this is an ~ (diplomatic move) it's pretty ~ to be…
its kind of ~ to be talking about this
series of gambits
an escalating ~ by rival powers in the Gulf timeliness & lack of timeliness: sports & games
strategy: chess / sports & games game (get one's head into the game)
gamble (verb) get your head into the game
hey, ~... (coach to player)
gambled everything on getting
he ~ his dictionary published get my head (back) into the game
he reminded me to ~ (Afghan combat)
fate, fortune & chance / strategy: gambling / sports &
games / verb consciousness & awareness: sports & games
chess game ♦ “So, you are wanting to play chicken? I have never yielded.
Never!...(Nervously) Ah, so, you are not a coward. Very brave.” (Silly
it really is a ~ (trying to catch terrorist) dialogue from the 1985 movie King Solomon’s Mines, involving a game
let’s look ahead, the way you have to in a ~ (Brexit) of chicken and two antique planes.)
it’s a ~, and we have to look several moves ahead (Brexit) ♦ “The hard part of playing chicken is knowing when to flinch.”
political chess game conflict / courage & lack of courage / dominance &
the politicians play ~s (at expense of laborers) submission / resistance, opposition & defeat: animal / bird
they use human beings as pawns in a ~ (hostages) / sports & games
psychological chess games game (game of cat and mouse)
winning ~s (interrogations of terrorist suspects)
game of cat and mouse
strategy: chess / sports & games
informers engage in a constant ~ with the authorities
game (guessing game) college officials find themselves in a new ~ (cheating)
this protracted ~ has frustrated Israel’s military (M. Deif)
guessing game
how the weather will affect operations comes down to a ~ cat-and-mouse game
the ~ with the virus writers will continue forever
comes down to a guessing game the ~ Iraq played with U.N. inspectors
how the weather will affect operations ~ the ~ with the virus writers (computing)
it's a ~ (campaigning for an election)
certainty & uncertainty: sports & games
it's a classic ~ (terrorists trying to evade capture)
fate, fortune & chance: sports & games
game (numbers game) enjoying their game of cat and mouse
they were ~ (Iraqi terrorists in a BMW)
numbers game ♦ “When the tiny mouse outsmarts the wicked cat, the chairman smirks
CIA case officers admit to a ~ with pleasure.” (Arafat: In the Eyes of the Beholder by Janet Wallach and
John Wallach.)
dating is entirely a ~
the business plan was just a ~ competition / pursuit, capture & escape: animal / cat /
job hunting is a ~ (developing contacts, etc.) hunting / sports & games
the ~ continued (changing numbers, recalculating)
game (various other games)
play the numbers game
smugglers ~, the law of averages game of (high-altitude) climbing
the high-stakes ~
strategy: number / sports & games
game of measure and countermeasure
game (blame game) EFPs are the latest twist in a lethal ~
blame game waiting game
what he did is what matters, not the ~ (trial) see waiting game
accusation & criticism / judgment: sports & games Great Game
Azerbaijan was a pawn in the ~ for territory and power
feeling, emotion & effect: bodily reaction / breathing / obstacles & impedance: gate
exclamation gate (society)
gasp (last gasp) gate into Europe
last gasp Melilla became a ~, just like the Balkans
that fuss he made at the Capitol was a ~ outside the gates
last gasp of an era Turkey is still ~ (admittance to European Union)
the ~ when tech didn’t rule our lives (a film) society / access & lack of access: gate
decline / destruction: death & life obstacles & impedance / division & connection: gate
resistance, opposition & defeat / starting, going, continuing gate (portal)
& ending: bodily reaction / breathing
gate (Gates of Hell, etc.) gates of death
the ~ are without number (versus the gate of birth)
known as the Gates of Hell ♦ “There is but one way to enter life, but the gates of death are without
the Darvaza gas crater, ~ (Turkmenistan / Karakum) number.”
gems inside British boxing put the anti-vaccine genie back in the bottle
we’ve got some ~ (Costello & Bunce) there is not easy way to ~ (COVID / 2021)
we’re not ~, three years is too long (Delphi IN murders) failure, accident & impairment: fish / verb
gotten nowhere pursuit, capture & escape: fish / verb
they have tried asking for records but have ~ (politics) get by (verb)
gotten nowhere or grown worse get by
some countries have ~ (hunger levels) people are just trying to ~
development / progress & lack of progress: movement survival, persistence & endurance: journeys & trips / verb
get across (verb) get in / get into (involvement)
get across got into movies
key elements that the politician wants to ~ little by little, I ~ (an actor)
analysis, interpretation & explanation: giving, receiving, get into the specifics
bringing & returning / verb I’m not going to ~ on the investigation
fictive transportation: verb
get into that
get along (verb) a lot of no comments, a lot of we’re not going to ~
the police chief said he did not want to ~ (an argument)
get along
to ~, you’ve got to go along (it’s the way of the world) got into trouble
you want to ~ to go along in D.C. (lobbyists / regulators) he ~ at university
social interaction: direction / movement / verb involvement: container / direction / verb
getaway (noun) get on with (get on with something)
weekend getaway get on with it
dream vacations and ~s okay, let’s ~ (sports during pandemic)
a romantic ~ as a Valentine's Day present
got on with it
romantic getaway the Queen has always just ~ (death of husband)
last summer, for a ~, we…;
reconciliation, resolution, & conclusion / resiliency /
romantic (weekend) getaway starting, going, continuing & ending / survival, persistence
a ~ as a Valentine's Day present & endurance: journeys & trips / verb
vacation getaway get out (and get out of)
this ~ won't cost you an arm and leg
pursuit, capture & escape: place
get out
I wanted to ~ but I didn’t know how (gang)
get away (get away with something)
get out of your comfort zone
get away with stuff ~, we have to challenge ourselves (Simon Reeve)
he could ~ (Bill Cosby) get you out
would have gotten away with it you do bad things, and I got to ~ (Of Mice and Men)
if he had done it elsewhere, he ~ (a murder) pursuit, capture & escape / situation: container
♦ “How long do you honestly believe that people in power like you will get
away with it? How long do you think you can continue to ignore the get out (get out from under)
climate crisis...without being held accountable? You get away with it
now, but sooner or later people are going to realize what you have been get out from under her (crushing debt) burden
doing all this time. That’s inevitable.” (Greta Thunberg.)
she couldn’t ~
guilt / responsibility: justice
get out from under the cloud
gave the middle finger salute to the Celtic fans resistance, opposition & defeat: military / verb
Kyrie hit the shot and ~ (NBA) glacial (adjective)
transmission: gesture / verb
glacial pace
giving, receiving, bringing & returning: gesture / verb
benefits and appeals are decided at a ~ (Veterans Affairs)
give (give a start, etc.)
pace (of medical research) is glacial
gives people hope the ~
she ~ (Lizzo) ♦ In the 2015 July / August issue of Sierra, in his article “Hope is Not a
Strategy,” the executive director of the Sierra Club Michael Brune wrote:
gave me a start “You could say that progress on an international climate change
agreement has been glacial, except that glaciers have been melting
it ~ faster.” In a warming future, the movement of glaciers may no longer be
glacial. Some glaciers have been referred to as galloping or surging and
gave me the creeps can travel 250 feet per day.
she ~ ♦ The Swiss have taken to covering sections of the Rhone Glacier with
tarps in the summer to slow melting.
giving, receiving, bringing & returning: verb
transmission: verb speed: glacier
feeling, emotion & effect: giving, receiving, bringing & comparison & contrast: affix
returning / verb
gladiator (noun)
give (give an impression, etc.)
gladiators
gave a good account football players are ~, baseball players are gentlemen
he ~ (contest)
gladiator personalities
gave a good impression sports superstars generally have ~
he ~
person: military
transmission: verb
character & personality: history / military / person
give-and-take glare (attention)
give and take glare of publicity
such ~ is uncommon he now wishes to be away from the ~ (scandal)
there has been a lot of ~ (coach / player)
attention, scrutiny & promotion: light & dark
give and take of ideas
the ~ in class discussion (vs. Internet) glass jaw
give-and-take relationship glass jaw
our ~s they are trying to protect his ~ (a politician)
marital give-and-take strength & weakness: boxing
in this parable of ~, the last word is hers to give
glean (verb)
position, policy & negotiation: direction / giving, receiving,
bringing & returning glean clues from mammoth hair
scientists ~
social interaction: direction / giving, receiving, bringing &
returning glean information from him
give in (verb) authorities hoped to ~ (spy)
♦ The Wikipedia entry for gleaning is very interesting, and it shows a very
give in affecting photo, “Impoverished Germans gleaning in 1956.”
I will never ~
going after the senator with reference social interaction: direction / movement / verb
the President is ~ to Native Americans goalpost (target)
went after his critics
goalpost
he ~ (Turkish President)
that ~ seemed to fade out of sight (a deadline)
going after the school
constantly changing goalposts
he was ~ (a 15-year-old school shooter)
the ~ will be a challenge (government requirements)
accusation & criticism: hunting / verb
move the goalposts
pursuit, capture & escape: hunting / verb
they shouldn’t ~ and change things in the middle of game
speech: hunting / verb
go-ahead moved the goalposts
every time Obama met their demands, they ~ (politics)
go-ahead from Turkey
uncertainty over a ~ (military operation)
moving the goalposts
help & assistance: religion ♦ "It is a well-known fact that gold blinds all and corrupts even the best of
people." (Gold Dust by Ibrahim al-Koni.)
God’s-eye ♦ “With money you are a dragon; with no money, a worm.”
♦ “With gold I can buy things; with thinking I can understand things.” (A
God’s-eye (crane) shots Turkish proverb.)
swooping, ~ (a film) ♦ “The shroud has no pockets.” (Turkish.)
perception, perspective & point of view: religion / eye ♦ “A miser does not own money; money owns the miser.” (Said in Saudi
Arabia.)
Godzilla (force) ♦ “Better poor with honor than rich with shame.” (A point of pride in
Kosovo.)
Godzilla of news subscriptions ♦ “Friends are better than money.” (If you need money, you can borrow it
The New York Times has become the modern ~ (paywalls) from your friends.)
♦ The 1993 Nike advertisement “Godzilla vs Charles Barkley” is
wonderful. In it, Barkley dunks on Godzilla, sending Godzilla reeling.
worth & lack of worth: mining
Afterwards, we see the backs of Barkley and Godzilla as they walk down
a street. Barkley’s left arm is consolingly draped over Godzilla’s shoulder gold (strike gold)
and Barkley says, “Have you ever thought about wearing shoes?”
struck gold
force: creature / film he finally ~ (won an award)
size: creature
struck (comic) gold
gold (black gold, etc.) they knew they had ~ (idea for film)
white gold success & failure: mining
~, they sometimes called it (guano in the 19th century) searching & discovery: mining
whalers boil the ~ in giant containers (whale blubber)
cotton, also known as “~” (India)
gold digger (person)
these hair extensions are often referred to as “~” (Ukraine) gold digger
camel milk, Kenya’s new ‘~’ a ~ is someone who marries for money, not for love
lithium is now being called “~” (high demand / batteries) she was a small-town girl, a Playboy pinup, and ~
Spain’s ‘~’ super-drink (Horchata)
character & personality: mining / person
black gold person: mining / money
~, or petroleum (oil)
Arabia’s other ~, Khawlani coffee beans (dried black) gold-digging
the “~” epithet has been given to both coal and coffee
gold-digging
blue gold prenuptial agreements protect wealthy from ~ spouses
bulk water shipments could be ~ (to arid countries)
investors have called the metal “~” (cobalt) behavior: mining
cost & benefit: allusion / animal / bird presence & absence: animal
worth & lack of worth: allusion / animal / bird
gospel (preach the gospel, etc.)
goosebumps
preached the gospel of (environmental) activism
gives you goosebumps he ~
it’s the kind of video that ~ (housefire)
preaching a gospel (of rebirth) to everyone
♦ In Western North Carolina many refer to these as chill bumps.
he is ~ (Detroit mayor)
feeling, emotion & effect: bodily reaction
preached the gospel that free trade
Gordian knot they ~ was a rising tide that would lift all boats
grinding (grinding poverty, etc.) confronting, dealing with & ignoring things: hand / verb
resistance, opposition & defeat: animal / ground, terrain & covers a lot of (historical) ground
land / verb the movie ~, from…
increase & decrease: number / plant / verb experience: baby / death & life / person
growth & development: death & life
grow (develop) person: baby
identity & nature / mixture: food & drink gun (stick to one’s guns)
gun (verb) sticking to his guns
he is ~, continuing to deny the allegations against him
gunning for me
why are you ~ (dispute) stuck to their guns
he and his directors ~ (resisted a takeover)
gunning for a mistrial
the defense is ~ stuck to her guns artistically
Joni is someone who’s ~ (the singer Joni Mitchell)
target: verb / weapon
commitment & determination: weapon
gun (big gun)
gun (hired gun)
see big gun (and heavy gun)
hired gun
gun (jump the gun) we are ~s (Scott Sanders / voices for political attack ads)
jump the gun hired-gun
don't ~ before 1968, ~consultants were rare (politics)
so he sits on his ideas, he doesn’t want to ~ (Darwin)
financial hired gun
eagerness & reluctance: sports & games / verb he has worked as a ~ (hedge funds, etc.)
action, inaction & delay: sports & games / verb
works as a hired gun
courage & lack of courage: stomach / verb gutter (in the gutter / decline)
commitment & determination: stomach / verb
survival, persistence & endurance: stomach / verb
in the gutter
difficulty, easiness & effort: stomach / verb morale is ~
gutted with the way feeling, emotion & effect: sensation / stomach
we’re ~ things have gone (tough soccer loss) guy (nonhuman)
gutted when
guy
she said she was ~ she heard the news
we’re seeing these ~s all over the place (carpet vipers)
gutted and heartbroken call this ~ Typhoon Seven (Hunt for Red October)
type-A-my-way-or-the-highway guy
he was a ~ H
breed of guys
old, tough guys, they were just a different ~ (Italians) habit (enthusiasm)
kind of guy kayaking habit
he’s known as a hard-charging, take-no-prisoners ~ he works mainly to support his ~
Max is a no-quarter ~ and Lewis... (F1 racing)
at his hands
hand (control)
many people suffered ~ (a deposed ruler) in the hands of the Justice Department
at the hands of a mob the case is already ~
it was the eighth killing ~ this year (Peru) in the hands of (a few large) companies
at the hands of an intimate the industry is now consolidated
victims of violence ~ in the hands of the people
at the hands of an (Illinois) mob the power was not ~
he died ~ (Joseph Smith) in the hands of one person
at the hands of police officers the power was ~
he sought death ~ (suicide by cop) in small-town hands
at the hands of police officers a small-town paper ~
his plan was to die in a fire or ~
matters got out of hand throw up our hands and walk away
then ~, a knife appeared, and Igor wound up... we can’t just ~
action, inaction & delay: gesture / hand / verb
drinking has gotten out of hand
British worry that ~ (lager louts) hand (the right hand vs. the left hand)
restraint & lack of restraint: hand / verb right hand
control & lack of control: hand / verb the ~ didn't know what the left hand was doing
hand (take matters into one's hands) ♦ "The right hand didn't know what the left hand was doing." (Janet
Reno, on FBI counterterrorism prior to 9/11.)
taken matters into their own hand consciousness & awareness: hand
citizens have ~ (New Orleans recovery)
hand (work)
taking matters into their own hands
people are ~ (oil spill) experienced hands
took matters into our own hands the tension has alarmed ~ on both sides (diplomats)
and so we ~ green hand
handed over to the Native Americans division & connection / relationship: hand
the bones should be ~ handle (get a handle on something)
immediately handed over
Russia demanded that the fighters be ~
get a handle on the problem
they tried to ~, but...
possession: hand / pep, adv, adj, particle
giving, receiving, bringing & returning: hand / prep, adv,
get a handle on this problem
adj, particle how can we ~ (crime)
handful of areas
handle (deal with)
only a ~ remain outside of the U.N. control handle it on a case-by-case basis
handful of cities airlines ~, without a blanket policy
a ~ have outlawed the sport (cockfighting) handle whatever
handful of items she can ~ the future brings
they could only salvage a ~ (eruption) handle (such) cases
handful of olives it had specialists to ~ (a hospital)
trees hold little more than a ~ (drought and freeze) handle the deluge
handful of (American) soldiers companies couldn't ~ of holiday orders
a ~ jumped off the planes (Ivory Coast) handle disaster
character & personality: hardness & softness / materials & harrowing plunge
a day after a ~ in the stock market
substances
hard-nosed (adjective) harrowing scenes
some of the ~ are hard to watch (film about earthquake)
hard-nosed attorney harrowing tales
he was a very ~
survivors told ~ (plane crash)
hard-nosed defender ♦ A harrow is an agricultural device used to chop up clods of dirt. In the
he's a ~ (soccer) 1949 film Border Incident starring Ricardo Montalban and George
Murphy, the character played by George Murphy, Jack Bearnes, meets
character & personality: hardness & softness / nose his fate under a harrow. His end is, literally and figuratively, harrowing.
♦ Dante, in the Inferno, refers to the harrowing of hell by Christ. This
hard-pressed (adjective) usage of the word is based on the Old English word for “to harry or
despoil.”
hard-pressed
feeling, emotion & effect: farming & agriculture
to say the least we were ~ (no money)
difficulty, easiness & effort / oppression: pressure
Harvard (epithet)
harness (verb) Harvard of American evangelism
Graham graduated from Wheaton College in Illinois, the ~
harness social media to stoke
they ~ their base (young female politicians) Harvard of the Midwest
Truman State University is sometimes called the ~
harness technology to enhance Tony Romo called Eastern Illinois University the ~
~ productivity he referred to Washington University as the “~”
♦ “Now whether you like the nickname or not, the ‘Harvard of the
harness his ability Midwest’ label has stuck with Wash. U. since it first grew beyond a
the club should be able to ~ (a young soccer player) regional university. But like any nickname, the ‘Harvard of the Midwest’
label has probably been used before by other schools. So the only
harness that word-of-mouth question to ask now is how many other schools refer to themselves as
the ‘Harvard of the Midwest.’ The answer? Dozens.” (“So which school is
we ~ (social-media advertising) the real ‘Harvard of the Midwest’?” by Nathan Everly, Student Life (the
independent newspaper of Washington University in St. Louis since
control & lack of control: animal / horse / verb eighteen seventy-eight), December 6, 2006. )
harness (in harness) ♦ “The ‘Harvard of the Midwest’ editorial in The Daily Eastern News on
Sept. 7 was the best editorial the paper has had in quite some time. /
The editorial strongly rebuked Eastern’s administration for proclaiming on
in harness at army headquarters its Web site that the university has been called ‘The Harvard of the
he remained hard at work, ~ (General U.S. Grant) Midwest.’ / As the editorial indicated, the statement is absurd and
ridiculous. The editorial was headlined: ‘The Harvard of untrue boasts.’”
work & duty: animal / horse (“The truth behind ‘The Harvard of the Midwest’” by Allan H. Keith, The
Daily Eastern News, September 12, 2005. The newspaper’s motto is,
harmony (in harmony) ‘Tell The Truth And Don’t Be Afraid.’)
♦ Google “Harvard of the Midwest” and in the “People also search for”
in harmony box you will find links to harvard of the plains; harvard of the south;
all the factions are ~ harvard of the west; and harvard of canada.
♦ “A whale-ship was my Yale College and my Harvard.” (Moby Dick by
in harmony with nature Herman Melville.)
we need to live ~
achievement, recognition & praise / knowledge &
in harmony with the ocean intelligence: epithet
for centuries the islanders lived ~
live in harmony
product: farming & agriculture / verb wears three very important hats
he ~ (cabinet secretary, etc.)
harvest (noun)
wear several hats
war's (chief) harvest I, like other writers, ~ (travel writer, foreign analyst, etc.)
misery is ~
wear so many hats
product: farming & agriculture I ~, from adviser to counsellor to mother (a cheer coach)
harvested put her amateur detective hat on
she ~ and called Jamie (NBC Dateline)
harvested in a decent and humane manner
it's important that whales are ~ take off your editor hat
can I ask you to ~ for a moment and talk as a student
harvested tendon ♦ “You need to put your big-girl pants on and deal with it, pull them up
the ~ looks like a piece of dental floss (from hamstring) and get out there and show them what you got...”
ice was harvested ♦ “It’s time to take your engineer’s hat off and put a managerial hat on.”
(A boss with “go fever” just prior to the Space Shuttle Challenger
~ from lakes and rivers and stored (in the old days) Disaster.)
accusation & criticism / conflict / punishment & haunt a community for generations
recrimination: blade / crime / violence / weapon some murder cases ~
conflict: animal / head / horn / verb head (heads will roll, etc.)
head (scratch one's head) head
his ~ is under the guillotine every season (a coach)
scratching its head
Congress is ~ (over confusing remarks by President) heads rolled
~, careers were ruined (the Tailhook scandal)
scratching our heads
a lot of us are ~, with so many of these questions (a crime) heads will roll
~ if…
scratching their heads
scientists are ~ as to how… calls for his head
scientists are ~ to understand why... there have been ~ (a government official)
♦ Who actually does this? destruction / dismissal, removal & resignation / fate,
comprehension & incomprehension: gesture / head / verb fortune & chance / punishment & recrimination: ax / blade
/ head / neck / violence
head (shake one's head)
head (have one’s head handed to oneself,
shake our heads at the folly etc.)
we like to ~ of those who…
handing them their head
shaking my head and rolling my eyes
I’m boxing these guys, and I’m ~ (young Bobby Czyz)
I’m just ~ (Boeing debacle of 2019-2020)
the shooter is now the victim, I am ~ got my head handed to me
I ~ at that meeting (politician and angry constituents)
leave you shaking your head
the details of this scandal just ~ (college admissions) punishment & recrimination: ax / blade / head / neck /
comprehension & incomprehension: gesture / head / verb violence
consciousness & awareness: head punishment & recrimination / pursuit, capture & escape:
head / hunting
head (keep / lose one’s head)
head (keep one's head down)
keep your head
~ and don’t go crazy keep their heads down
it might be better for them to ~
lose his head
in the closing laps he seemed to ~ (F1 racecar driver) kept their heads down
they see themselves as stoics who’ve ~ (politics)
control & lack of control: head / verb
feeling, emotion & effect: head / verb kept her head down
for her first two terms, she ~, forgoing media appearances
head (head and shoulders above) ♦ “A protruding nail will be hammered down.” (Japan.)
head and shoulders protection & lack of protection: gesture / head / military /
~, he is above everybody else (a skier) verb
head and shoulders above anyone else head (come down on one’s head, etc.)
he is ~ in his ability to lead (a politician)
come down on his head
head and shoulders above most of his colleagues a lot of opprobrium has ~ (whistle-blower)
he is ~ (a politician)
brought down on his head an avalanche
head and shoulders above most of his peers the book has ~ of publicity
for that, he is ~ (a musician)
brought her family's condemnation down on her head
timeliness & lack of timeliness: head / horse / journeys & heal (old racial) wounds
trips / movement help ~
with all her heart destruction: blade / death & life / knife / heart
she believed in his innocence ~ (wife of serial killer) feeling, emotion & effect: blade / death & life / heart /
knife
with all my heart
I honestly believe ~ that… heart (stake through the heart, etc.)
believe in you with all my heart put a stake through the heart of Row
I~ there is a majority on the court willing to ~ (SCOTUS)
from the bottom of my heart put a stake through the heart of these theories
I'd like to tell you ~ how sorry I am… you might think that would ~, but no (conspiracy theory)
thank you ~
put a stake through their hearts
his heart was in the right place we definitely ~ (Operation Anaconda, Shah-i-Kot)
he made mistakes, but ~
driving a wooden stake into the heart
his heart is (always) in the right place he thought he was ~ of the civil-rights movement (Bull
~ (Sean Penn) Connor in Birmingham, Alabama)
come from my heart destruction: allusion / creature / death & life / heart
these words ~ heart (miscellaneous)
speaking from my heart heart
I am ~ when I say... (sincerity)
if it's wrong, then my ~ won't let me be right (love)
wears his heart on his sleeve makes my heart sing
he ~ when it comes to his dad (Ray Mancini / boxer)
this kind of football ~ (Sawa Homare and team)
wearing their hearts on their sleeves feeling, emotion & effect: heart
he’d sing about people showing their emotions, ~
♦ “Do you want me to speak my heart?” (A Tigrayan woman speaking in heartache (noun)
English and being interviewed by the BBC.)
♦ “He’d pour his whole heart and his emotion into those songs... He’d heartaches and misery
sing about people crying, showing their emotions, you know, wearing all the ~ it causes (alcoholism)
their hearts on their sleeves.” (Tim Marlow talking about the great singer
Marvin Gaye on BBC’s Great Lives.) deaths and resentments and heartaches
all the ~
sincerity, lack of sincerity & honesty: heart
heart (by heart) sorrows and heartaches
all the ~ of this life
play by heart ~ versus joy and fulfillment (religion)
it is a fixed rule that instrumentalists shall ~ (concerts) feeling, emotion & effect: heart / sensation
know symphonies by heart heart and soul
conductors ~
hearts and souls
know them by heart their ~ are in it (NASA scientists)
we've heard those slogans for so many years that we ~
heart and soul of the dancing grannies
heavy (substance) affliction / coercion & motivation: allusion / Iliad & Odyssey
/ verb
heavy ideas
to get a young audience to engage with such ~... hedgehog (protection)
importance & significance: weight hedgehog concept
substance & lack of substance: weight the ~ had succeed at the Battle of Na San
heavy (oppression) hedgehog defense
they cannot be reinforced, so they must mount a ~
heavy
the burdens of leadership are ~ Czech hedgehogs
~ symbolized “defense at all costs” in the Soviet Union
heavy burden the beaches of Normandy were spiked with ~
he carries a ~ of responsibility (ruler) ♦ “The fox knows many tricks, the hedgehog, one good one.”
the ~ of this mammoth job (Man U manager) (Archilochus.)
♦ A hedgehog defense involves an isolated stronghold or strongpoint
heavy charges which can be surrounded yet still survive, in modern times, by aerial
these are ~ resupply. The strongpoints are capable of all-around (perimeter)
defense. The Battle of Khe Sanh (1968) was such a defense.
heavy price Hedgehogs or strongpoints can be bypassed but will slow an attacker
fame came with a ~ down and expose the enemy’s rear to attack. Problems include the fact
that strongpoints can simply be bypassed (as happened to the French at
heavy responsibility the start of World War II) or that the enemy can prevent aerial resupply,
as happened to the 6th Army under Paulus at Stalingrad in 1943 and the
I feel a ~ for these police failures (official) French at Dien Bien Phu in 1954. In Vietnam, the hedgehog concept had
worked at the Battle of Na San but proved to be a decisive catastrophe
oppression: burden / weight for the French at Dien Bien Phu in 1954. Many wondered if the Battle of
affliction: burden / weight Khe Sanh in 1968 would be a Dien Bien Phu for the US, but the marines
managed to hang on.
heavy-handed
protection & lack of protection: animal / military
heavy-handed heel (under the heel)
I think the punishment was ~
heavy-handed response under the heel of (Saddam's brutal) regime
the ~ of the government has invited criticism (to protests) after decades ~ (Basra)
oppression: foot / heel
heavy-handed and unnecessary
the decision was ~ (a sports kerfuffle) heel (on the heels)
oppression: hand / weight on the heels of (another) security breach
heel (dig in one's heels) increase & decrease: direction / height / verb
attention, scrutiny & promotion: direction / height / verb
digging in their heels heights (to new heights, etc.)
but four members of the board are ~ (culture wars)
dug in their heels heights of government
he never scaled the ~ (MP Sir David Amess)
they have ~ and refuse to bend (negotiations)
resistance, opposition & defeat: foot / heel / verb heights of performance
it isn't likely to motivate employees to new ~
eagerness & reluctance: foot / heel / verb
heel (nip at somebody’s heels) heights of stardom
she has ascended to the ~ (film actor)
nipping at his heels
new heights
24 rivals are ~ from every direction (politics)
it isn't likely to motivate employees to ~ of performance
he is leading the pack but ~ is Pete Buttigieg (election)
competition: animal / dog / predation / verb / wolf ascended to the heights
she has ~ of stardom (film actor)
heffalump (creature)
scaled the heights
EU heffalump he never ~ of government (MP Sir David Amess)
the ~ has been taken behind the barn by the vet (Brexit)
take their rivalry to new heights
♦ The Heffalump was a creature in A.A. Milne’s Winnie-the-Pooh and
they ~ (promotion for wrestling match)
The House at Pooh Corner. It occurs only in the imagination of Piglet and
Pooh.
taking flying to new heights
fantasy & reality: allusion / creature the new Boeing Dreamliner is ~
heft (noun) motivate employees to new heights
it isn't likely to ~ of performance
emotional heft
he depicted the struggles of black emotions with ~ reclaim the heights
they have managed to ~ (tennis sisters)
record industry heft
she has used her ~ to secure royalties... (Taylor Swift) achievement, recognition & praise / primacy, currency,
decline & obsolescence: direction / ground, terrain & land /
substance & lack of substance: weight height
hegira (and hejira) heir (noun)
hejira across the Himalayas to Tibet heirs to a great (and ancient) civilization
he made that amazing ~ (the wonderful Heinrich Harrer) the Egyptian people are ~
pursuit, capture & escape: journeys & trips / religion
sort out hiccups constraint & lack of constraint: skin, muscle, nerves & bone
limited time to ~ with supply (COVID vaccine) high (noble)
♦ “There are always land mines and hiccups that come along.” (Doctor
Anthony Fauci on vaccine production during the 2019-2020 pandemic.) high art
I walked past ~ and low art (New York City)
flaws & lack of flaws: bodily reaction
failure, accident & impairment: bodily reaction highbrow
hidden see highbrow (and lowbrow, middlebrow)
high character
hidden costs he is a solid American, a man of ~
the ~ of gambling (divorce, etc.)
high-character
hidden enemy it’s a team that prides itself on hiring ~ people (NBA)
landmines, the ~
high-class
hidden epidemic I’m a redneck woman, I’m not a ~ broad (hell yeah)
sex trafficking is a ~ (US)
high expectations
hidden gems it was a cocoon of ~ and harsh discipline (a black school)
the road reveals many ~ (N7 in France)
~ coupled with love is a gift (child-rearing)
hidden logic high ground
the ~ behind military training
see ground (moral high ground, etc.)
kept the story hidden high purpose
she ~ for 20 years, never sharing it with anyone
a great speech is made for a ~ (inspire, ennoble, rally...)
concealment & lack of concealment: eye
high regard
hide (hide behind something) he is held in ~
enthusiasm: addiction ♦ “Spielberg’s Close Encounters of the Third Kind signaled a shift
towards broader popcorn sensibilities.” (Versus 2001: A Space Odyssey,
high and low etc.)
♦ “In the modern United States, food sculpture is the art of the people.”
searching high and low (“A Toast To Butter Sculpture, The Art That Melts The Hearts Of The
Masses” by Tove Danovich, NPR, The Salt, June 25, 2015.)
they are ~ for him (a cop killer)
♦ He threw a three-hit masterpiece. (Baseball.)
extent & scope: ground, terrain & land / height ♦ The great Shaquille O’Neal, one of the greatest NBA players of all time,
has been referred to as the Big Baryshnikov. And Lynn Swann was
highbrow (and lowbrow, middlebrow) canonized as the Baryshnikov of football for his acrobatic receptions at
Super Bowl X.
highbrow conversations ♦ “Maybe I’ll lean into the pain narrative, write that and get a good
the Daily Mirror was filled with ~ about art and politics advance, ya’ll pay me for that, right.” (Fantasy author L.L. McKinney.)
high-water mark of student activism hijacking our culture and our minds
this was the ~ (school shootings) how outrage is ~ (Shankar Vedantam)
high water mark of the (Sanders) campaign control & lack of control: crime / verb
Nevada was the ~ (politics) taking & removing: crime / verb
possession: crime / verb
high-water mark of his career
it was the ~ (sports) hijacked
high-water mark of partisanship hijacked around the world
the vote was a ~ (Republicans versus Democrats) meetings have been ~ (video-conferencing app)
with hindsight
hollowed out
holocaust
key programs were ~ under the administration nuclear holocaust
with the State Department ~, the military is driving policy the spread of an ice sheet is more deadly to life than a ~
enforcement has been hollowed out racial holocaust
ATF ~ (politics) Fidel Castro accused Paris of carrying out a "~"
weakened and hollowed out ♦ "The use of 'holocaust' by Mr. Castro demonstrates his ignorance of
history and disdain towards its victims. Such words are unacceptable."
America’s local newspapers have been ~ (French foreign ministry spokesman Bernard Valero, responding to
comments by Fidel Castro that France's deportation of Roma in 2010
becomes hollowed out amounted to a 'racial holocaust.'")
without the rush and brush and crush of the world, one ~
destruction: allusion / history
getting hollowed out
the middle class is ~ in America home (home of golf, etc.)
♦ “Without the rush and brush and crush of the world, one becomes
hollowed out. The cavity fills with envy.” (Cynthia Ozick, on the isolation home of golf
of being a writer without success.) St. Andrews is the ~
attenuation / strength & weakness: tree home of the great steamships
hollow out (verb) Wuhan, ~ of the Yangtze
home of whisky
hollowed out enforcement Scotland is the ~ and has the greatest expertise
years of budget cuts have ~ of the nation’s tax laws
spiritual home
hollow it out the Maracanã is the ~ of world football (hallowed turf)
the Supreme Court will reverse or ~ (Row v. Wade)
location / origin: house / place
hollow out abortion rights
legal restrictions designed to ~ home (home to)
hollowed out the island’s rural towns home to one of the island’s largest cathedrals
the recession has ~ (Puerto Rico) the city was ~ (Arecibo, Puerto Rico)
attenuation / strength & weakness: tree / verb home to an exhibition
Derry’s Tower Museum is ~ of the discovery (a galleon)
Hollywood (Hollywood of Africa, etc.)
home to a (vast) collection
Hollywood of Africa the museum is ~ of archives
Ouarzazate, sometimes called the ~ (Gladiator, etc.)
home to all 14 of the world’s 8,000-meter peaks
Bollywood Central Asia is ~
she was known as the Nightingale of ~ (Lata Mangeshkar)
home to a (major Soviet) listening station
Nollywood during the Cold War, it was ~ (Cuba / SIGINT)
Hollywood, Bollywood, make way for ~ (Nigerian films)
location: house / place
achievement, recognition & praise: epithet
home (home in Islam, etc.)
Hollywood (Hollywood ending, etc.)
home in Islam
Hollywood ending people who found a ~
this is a ~ (strike by IATSE averted = happy ending)
lucrative, satisfying home
Hollywood fantasy I had a ~ (an actor in a successful TV series)
that’s not ~ any more (robotic bees)
protection & lack of protection: house
♦ “I bet more Marines have joined the Corps because of Full Metal
Jacket than because of any fucking recruiting commercial.” / “And that’s
an antiwar film.” / “Nothing’s an antiwar film,” I say. “There’s no such
home (home for the archive, etc.)
thing.” (From the brilliant short story “War Stories” in Redeployment by
Phil Klay.) home for the archive
♦ According to Justin Chang, “The great French director Francois
a proper final ~
Truffaut once said there was no such thing as an anti-war film, because
it’s in the nature of war films to valorize the spectacle of armed combat.” final home
(“’1917’ Is A Mind-Boggling Technological Achievement—But Not A a proper ~ for the archive
Great Film,” NPR, Fresh Air, January 15, 2020.)
future home
consumption / extent & scope: fish / food & drink homosexual hook-ups
acceptance & rejection: fish / food & drink the Minneapolis airport is known as a site for ~
held hostage by politicians behavior / conflict / feeling, emotion & effect: military /
we're being ~ who don't know how we survive society
held hostage by (politically powerful) interest groups hot (controversial)
their budgets are ~ (universities)
hot
constraint & lack of constraint: crime the issue has gotten so ~ that...
feeling, emotion & effect: temperature
in a hot seat
hot water (in hot water)
the CEO of Boeing is back ~ on Capitol Hill (crashes) in hot water with my dad
in the hotseat with regulators I'm ~
Facebook is also ~ because... in hot water with that woman
accusation & criticism / judgment: crime / electricity / I'm already ~ (an authority figure)
justice / temperature in hot water for the crime
hotshot (noun) he now finds himself ~
person: weapon
landed him in hot water
his unapologetic remarks on issues have frequently ~
behavior: hunting / person / weapon
character & personality: hunting / person / weapon situation: heating water / temperature / water
hotspot (place) Houdini
hotspot for celebrities veritable Houdini
L.A.'s newest ~ Swallow was a ~ (William Swallow, Australian convict)
hotspot for migrants ♦ “My dad wasn’t Harry Houdini, but he managed to disappear out of my
life before I knew him.” (The football player Keith McCants, referring to
Melilla became a ~, just like the Balkans the famous escape artist.)
hub-and-spoke
hung (hung out to dry)
the ~ model is out of favor (airlines) hung out to dry
smuggling hub he feels like he’s been ~
Atlanta is a major ~ (US) gets hung out to dry
branching system: mechanism he does it and he ~ (CIA operator)
hurt my daughter feeling, emotion & effect: health & medicine / sensation /
the New York Times used my words to ~ verb
feeling, emotion & effect: health & medicine / mental the tip of the iceberg of potential
health we're just at ~ (wasps trained to detect things)
the tip of the iceberg of (secret) warfare
the affair is just ~ the US is waging in Pakistan
I the tip of the (pollination) iceberg
ice (on thin ice) bees are just ~
the tip of the (fiscal) iceberg
on thin ice
Wisconsin is just ~ (states facing deficits)
you're ~, buddy… (warning)
she had been ~ for more than a year (fired) just the tip of the iceberg
he was on ~ because... (Secretary of Labor resigns) this is ~
skating on thin ice merely the tip of the iceberg
I was ~ with my cholesterol (heart attack) the disclosures so far are ~ (pedophiles in education)
immersed myself in the (Eisenhower) papers resistance, opposition & defeat: movement
I ~ (a researcher) position, policy & negotiation: movement
commitment & determination: movement
immerse yourself in the culture survival, persistence & endurance: movement
you try to ~ (anthropology)
immune (adjective)
absorption & immersion: verb / water
involvement: verb / water immune to cold
the natives seemed ~
immersed
immune to it
immersed in Chinese I've had to deal with so much, I'm ~
the kids spend every other day ~ (charter school)
immune from terrorism
absorption & immersion: water
in Wrong in (involvement)
there is a bit of the pith helmet ~ (a historian of Africa)
in it
brought out the tiger in him everybody in town knew who was ~ (civil-rights murder)
attacks on his family or friends always ~ (Winston
Churchill) in (deep) with a gang
she is ~
♦ “Occasionally, the street in me would surface and I’d say: ‘Fuck you!’”
(The boxing trainer and manager Tunde Ajayi.)
in or (you’re) out
identity & nature: container / prep, adv, adj, particle you’re either ~, you can’t be both (Queen of England)
in (inclusion) want in
do you ~ (to join a cybercrime investigation)
in
they voted him ~ involvement: container / prep, adv, adj, particle
acceptance & rejection: container / prep, adv, adj, particle in (in it for me, etc.)
in (in pain, in anger, etc.) in it for me
what’s ~
in anguish
they were ~, but they listened to what the baker had to say worth & lack of worth: container / prep, adv, adj, particle
one single infection ♦ "The rats, at times numbering in the hundreds, according to witnesses,
have drawn early evening crowds of curious spectators to the island that
amid that epidemic, ~ was fateful (NotPetya worm) divides the north and south roadways between 58th and 59th Streets."
(A New York Times article about an infestation of Park Avenue rats,
infection spreads perhaps attracted to tulip bulbs, quoted in Robert Sullivan's wonderful
amputate before ~ (bad players, coach at Man U) book, Rats.)
♦ James Clavell’s novel King Rat focuses on survival, competition and
affliction / corruption: health & medicine dominance in a World War II prisoner-of-war camp.
starting, going, continuing & ending: baseball / sports & oppression: allusion / history / violence
games judgment: allusion / history / violence
interrogate who is privileged and who is marginalized analysis, interpretation & explanation: military
~ by the notion of “standard” English fictive communication: speech
racialize
character & personality / insult: animal get him out of this jam
perhaps a lawyer could ~
jackass (noun) maybe the lawyers could ~
♦ On the 6th of May the Yukon began to rise rapidly, lifting the ice, which,
jackass however, remained fast in front of the town... The sight was one to
he's a foolish ~ inspire respect. When a big floe, forty feet across, struck the front of the
barrier, it half rose out of the water, then dived under, or turned on edge,
character & personality / insult: animal crunched into the front with a dull roar, and remained there... At four
o’clock on the morning of the 8th the cry was raised, ‘The ice is going
jackpot (hit the jackpot) out!’ and everybody rushed out in time to see the bridge of ice crack,
groan, then slowly push together and stop; then slowly, slowly the whole
mass began to move, and in a few minutes there was nothing but a swift
political jackpot river, with cakes of ice as big as cabins strewn along the banks...” (The
that would be a ~ for the president Klondike Stampede by Tappan Adney, Special Correspondent of
Harper’s Weekly in the Klondike, 1900.)
hit the jackpot
you ~ situation: container / tools & technology
obstacles & impedance: river
hit the (intelligence) jackpot
they were hoping to ~ (Russian spies in US)
jaw (Dragon’s Jaw, etc.)
success & failure: gambling / money / verb “The Jaw”
~, a peak overlooking Hanging Canyon (Wyoming)
Jacobin
Dragon's Jaw
Jacobin publication the North Vietnamese called it the ~ (US bombing target)
he has written for The Nation, a ~ (culture wars)
Hogjaw
school reform’s new Jacobins the ~ Up In Flames Tour, Europe, May / June 2019
~ have opted for a hard left turn into identity politics
Moose Jaw
disruption: allusion / history / violence ~, Canada, a deeply disturbing city (Saskatchewan)
jack up (verb) proper name: skin, muscle, nerves & bone
jack up the cost jaw (jaws of defeat, etc.)
green technology will ~ of power (opinion)
jaws of defeat
jack up earnings if anyone knows how to grab a victory from the ~, it is
Wall Street will always find ways to ~ Serena Williams
jacked up (used book) prices jaws of disaster
the company has ~ the Israeli tankers charged into the ~ (1973)
jacked up (interest) rates Hell’s jaws
credit-card companies have ~ again the killings began, as ~ opened... (ethnic cleansing)
jack up (defense) spending fate, fortune & chance: animal / hunting / predation
the government seeks to ~ pursuit, capture & escape: animal / hunting / predation
jacking up tuitions jaw (jaws of life, etc.)
colleges are ~ like never before
‘jaws of life’
increase & decrease: direction / number / tools & he was extracted from the wreck with the ~
technology / verb
resemblance / shape: mouth
jam (situation)
jawbone (Jawbone Canyon, etc.)
in a jam
the company is ~ Jawbone Canyon
activity: movement / verb / walking, running & jumping failure, accident & impairment: walking, running & jumping
/ verb
jump (movement)
jump (lines)
needle jumped
the VU meter ~ (recording sounds) jumped the line
she ~ to get water for her infant (Kenyan drought)
movement: walking, running & jumping / verb
jumped a fire line
jump (speech) the flames ~ crews were building (Show Low)
jumps from subject to subject constraint & lack of constraint / obstacles & impedance:
she ~ walking, running & jumping / verb
speech: walking, running & jumping / verb jump (transmission)
jumped from birds to humans
bribery, kickbacks, theft and conspiracy drag some along kicking and screaming
a web of ~ (military contracts / Iraq) he may have to ~ (a reform police chief)
wind was kicking up success & failure: death & life / verb
but the ~, there was no moon and they need to hurry
killed (by disease, etc.)
initiation: foot / leg / verb
killed in Italy
kid (big kid on the block) Beradelli is among 50 priests ~ (died from coronavirus)
big kid on the (geopolitical) block killed as of April 10
we’re no longer the only ~ (the US in Asia) with 1,185 ~ (Bronx coronavirus deaths)
strength & weakness: size killed by coronavirus
at least 50 priests have reportedly been ~ in Italy
death & life: verb increase & decrease / initiation: fire / verb
cocaine kings
kink (noun)
all of the ~ had mansions, limos, helicopter (Colombia) kinks
“Gypsy King” the ~ have been worked out (interagency coordination)
Tyson the ~ Fury... (Nuff said) there are still some ~ to be worked out
know-how (noun) ♦ Another eruption often cited for its effects on sunsets and climate was
the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora that caused the “Year Without a
Summer” in 1816 and may have inspired J.M.W. Turner’s vivid red
technological know-how sunsets.
we have the ~ to solve the problem ♦ Simon Winchester writes about the atmospheric effects of the 1883
eruption of Krakatoa in his wonderful book Krakatoa.
knowledge & intelligence: part of speech
comparison & contrast / geography: epithet
knuckle under (verb)
Krakatoan (adjective)
knuckle under to these demands
Facebook could ~ or get knocked offline (Vietnam) Krakatoan proportions
it was a car crash of an interview of ~
dominance & submission / resistance, opposition & defeat:
♦ The awful explosion of August 4, 2020 in Beirut was of Krakatoan
fist / position / verb / violence proportions.
Kool-Aid (drink the Kool-Aid, etc.) ♦ The “2022 Hunga Tonga eruption and tsunami” (Wikipedia) was an
event of Krakatoan proportions.
drinking the coolaid amount & effect: explosion / sound / volcano
you haven’t seen the video or you’re just ~ (comment) size: allusion / volcano
drank the Kool-Aid comparison & contrast: affix
attention, scrutiny & promotion: explosion / sound /
wow, you really ~, no, I don’t feel that at all (culture wars)
volcano
drunk the Kool-Aid
kids who have ~ (only one path to good life / school)
taxonomy & classification: object accusation & criticism / destruction / speech: health &
medicine / skin, muscle, nerves & bone / verb
labeled
lacerating (adjective)
labeled a troublemaker
he was ~ in school lacerating in his humor
Obama was often ~ at such dinners, ribbing his rivals...
taxonomy & classification: object
lacerating (social) drama
laboratory a ~ (Sorry We Missed You)
laboratory for warfighting doctrines lacerating insults
Kandahar will be the ~ forged from… ~ and dialogue that sizzles with withering wit
experimentation: place self-lacerating
labor pains the song’s ~ lyrics address her guilt (Adele)
there is also a soul-searching quality and a ~ humor
labor pains
how to let peace be born despite the difficult ~
emotionally lacerating
in perhaps the movie’s most ~ scene, he...
creation & transformation: birth
feeling, emotion & effect: health & medicine / knife /
labyrinth (noun) sensation / skin, muscle, nerves & bone
starting, going, continuing & ending / success & failure: landscape of our lives
sports & games / verb some journeys are etched into the ~ (Lake Ohrid)
understood the (universal) language ♦ “Wokeness is not just a social philosophy, but an elite status marker, a
strategy for personal advancement. You have to possess copious
he ~ of boxing (ref's gestures, etc.) amounts of cultural capital to feel comfortable using words like
♦ Cars have their own language—clunks, clanks, squeals, squeaks, and intersectionality, heteronormativity, cisgender, problematize, triggering,
rattles—which can say a lot about a vehicle’s health.” and Latinx...” (“How The Bobos Broke America” by David Brooks, The
Atlantic, September 2021.)
♦ “If you grew up in a black household, Ebonies [copies of Ebony
Magazine] were everywhere... It’s one of our languages.” (Rosa Duffy, ♦ “PEN15, write out the title, you’ll get it, has begun its second season on
bookstore owner and Ebony Magazine collector, about the Hulu...” (A well-briefed Scott Simon of NPR. This is an example of
transformational magazine that was intended to be Life Magazine for leetspeak.)
Blacks. Once a pillar of the Black community, this great magazine has ♦ “The elk whisperer speaks English, Spanish and elk.” (Mark Casillas.)
fallen on hard times, and is now only available online. You would think
some US philanthropist would endow a monthly hard-copy version of it in ♦ “Those instructions [from the judge], I’m a lawyer and I couldn’t
perpetuity. Sadly, not yet.) understand them... They’ve gotten to be too much. They’re legalese. And
jurors tend to go by the smell test. Does it seem right? Does it seem
♦ “[Jake] Paul was fluent in the language of YouTube, where he came wrong. And that’s what we wanted the jury to do.” (Mark Richards, Kyle
across as a familiar type: the high-school jock, popular and gregarious... Rittenhouse’s attorney, speaking to Ailsa Chang. From “Kyle
/ His body of work is filled with dubious stunts...and with mind-numbing Rittenhouse’s defense attorney discusses the trial and acquittal,” NPR,
repetition of the word, ‘bro.’ / [His videos] have drawn more than seven All Things Considered, Nov. 19, 2021.)
billion views; that figure, which approaches the population of this planet,
does not account for the innumerable videos that summarize or criticize ♦ "The language a writer uses to create a world is that world, and
the ones that Paul has posted...” (“Punching Down” by Kelefa Sanneh, Franzen's strenuously contemporary and therefore juvenile language is a
The New Yorker, November 8, 2021.) world in which nothing important can happen. Madame Bovary's
marriage sucked, Heathcliff was into Catherine: these words fail the
♦ “And from being trained, I think it’s easier for me to speak a language context not just because they are of our own time. There is no import in
to producers, and I can speak engineer to the engineers.” (The things that 'suck,' no drama in someone's being 'into' someone else. A
remarkable Lizzo, who is classically trained in music theory and writer like Franzen, who describes two lovers as 'fucking,' trivializes their
performance, among other things...) relationship. The result is boredom." ("Smaller Than Life," by B. R.
♦ “Crossword puzzles are a way of documenting the language that we Myers, The Atlantic Magazine, October, 2010.)
share.” (Anna Shechtman, crossword constructor.) ♦ David Mendelsohn, in his review of Pat Barker’s novel, The Silence of
♦ "There's no 'I' in 'team.'" (An NFL coach.) the Girls, wrote, “The prose yo-yoed between Academia.edu and a
strained casualness that could inadvertently veer into the Borscht
♦ "There's an 'I' in 'win.'" (An NFL player.) Belt...Too often, Briseis sounds like the voice-over from a History
♦ “EOD handled the bombs. SSTP treated the wounds. PRP processed Channel special: ‘As a woman living in this camp, I was navigating a
the bodies. The 08s fired DPICM. The MAW provided CAS. The 03s complex and dangerous world.’” (“The Many Wars of Pat Barker,” The
patrolled the MSRs. Me and PFC handled the money... / I will remember New Yorker, October 18, 2021.)
that our HMMWV had 5 PX. That the SITREP was 2 KIA, 3 WIA. That ♦ “Yeah, they have these belts on with like all these extra bullets and
KIA means they gave everything. That WIA means I didn’t.” (From the they’re like dressed for war.” (Leah like talking to her Brit producer,
short story “OIF” in Redeployment by the brilliant Marine writer Phil Klay. Georgia, for their podcast about the militia movement.)
OIF stands for Operation Iraqi Freedom.)
♦ “In the language of the show, this is a very ‘Who-y’ thing for a Them to
♦ “There is jargon, and then there is jargon.” (Academic writing.) have done.” (“Guiding Stars: How “Who Weekly” explains the new
♦ “Such language risks destabilizing an already complicated situation.” (A celebrity” by Rachel Syme, The New Yorker, June 7, 2021.)
Russian diplomat.) ♦ “I call disabled viewing platforms the “cripple pen.” (A comment about
♦ Independent scrutineers (UK); violence interrupters (Baltimore); “After the N-word, the P-word” by Rajni Bhatia, BBC, 11 June 2007.)
(seasoned) gallerists (NYC); disinformation researchers; narrative ♦ "A pidgin English field guide would list buk-buks, pakes, buddaheads,
consultants; social theorists; bitcoin miners; thought leaders; creatives; katonks, mokes, titas, popolos, yobos, blalahs, haoles and portagees."
influencers; chief experience officers (CXOs); lifestyle impresarios; (Ethnic and racial labels used in Hawaii.)
drama therapists; online journalists; social justice reporters; data
wranglers; documentarians; directors of equity and inclusion; diversity ♦ “There was a lot of language I was unfamiliar with.” (A parent about
consultants; professional online gamers; crossword constructors; voter messages he began receiving from his children’s elite private school
navigators; political spin doctors; youth climate ambassadors... (Newer concerning antiracism. He ended removing his children from the school.)
types of workers, as opposed to more traditional workers like sawbones; ♦ “It occurred to me that, because the world media establishment had
railway bulls; rail-splitters; spitjacks; sutlers; pure-finders; mud larks; ignored the Balkans for so long..., these people never had to learn, as
draymen; spinners; doffers; sweepers; carders; fullers; dressers; the Israelis and Arabs did, how to talk in code, so as not to offend
Sekgees; ostlers (hostlers); wind-millers; water-clerks; Pony Express Western sensibilities with their racial hatred. In the Balkans, people
riders; beaters; catchers; drivers; mahouts; trackers; printer’s devils; spoke more honestly than in the Middle East, and therefore more
typewriters; computers; miners; muckers; swampers; nippers; drymen (to brutally.” (Balkan Ghosts: A Journey Through History by the superb
take care of the Dry); gandy dancers; muleteers (military); powder writer and correspondent Robert D. Kaplan.)
monkeys, etc.
♦ “Collaborating with these gentry was a mixed crowd of wide-minded,
♦ “If we could claim marriage, we would be claiming an engine of wide-mouthed Liberals, who darkened council with pious but
transformation, a vocabulary of shared values—love, commitment, disintegrating catch-words, and took care to live very well indeed.”
family, inclusion, dignity, respect—that would help non-gay people better (Something of Myself by Rudyard Kipling.)
understand who gay people really are, and allow us to share equally, not
only in marriage, but in everything.” (“Radically Normal: How Gay Rights ♦ see also boilerplate (noun), buzzword (noun), ese (legalese, etc.),
Activists Changed The Minds Of Their Opponents,” NPR, Hidden Brain funny language, lip service (pay lip service, etc.), speak (NASA-speak,
(with Shankar Vedantam), April 8, 2019. Many gays at the time etc.), supersizing (linguistic supersizing), talk (mediator talk, etc.)
denigrated the tradition of marriage.)
fictive communication: speech
♦ “Gay pop stars can be—and have been—subversive about slipping in
references that change our language and thoughts about gay sex. The language: sound / speech / sports & games
virtually laughed out of the room launching pad for the invasion
when he suggested the idea, he was ~, but... Kuwait will be the main ~
got laughed out of a couple of professor’s offices launching pad for gay marriage
I actually ~ (a student with a novel good idea) Hawaii seemed the likely ~
admiration & contempt: bodily reaction / sound launching pad for the embassy bombings
Somalia was a ~ (1998)
launch (verb)
used that win as the launchpad
launched the age Liverpool ~ to a golden future (Champions League)
he ~ of chemical warfare (Fritz Haber / 1915)
initiation: mechanism / rocket
launched an (international appeal
the Red Cross has ~ for aid (Haiti earthquake) launder (verb)
launched a (court) challenge launder their image
he has ~ against the King (Swaziland) they are using sports to ~ (sportswashing)
leash (on a leash / off a leash, etc.) leech, the busy bee, the whiner
the ~ (types of bad friends)
on a constitutional leash
she believes in a government ~ parasite, a leech
she’s a ~ (charges soldiers for water from a river)
on a (very) short (constitutional) leash
she believes in a government ~ despised the poor as leeches
he ~ who weakened society (Atlas Shrugged)
keeps him on a short leash ♦ “Every step I’ve taken has gaslighted those whom I love... I am not a
the company ~ (an actor who is also a pitchman) culture vulture. I am a culture leech. You should absolutely cancel me,
and I absolutely cancel myself.” (An academic who claimed “identities of
let his team off the leash color,” including Black Caribbean, North African Blackness, US rooted
Blackness, Caribbean rooted Bronx Blackness, Boricua...)
he ~ to go and create (soccer)
♦ “Correct; well said. Glazers = leeches” (A disgruntled Man U fan on a
tightened the leash BBC HYS after the latest loss to Liverpool. 282 upvotes. 30 downvotes.)
the court ~ on unions and their ability to organize ♦ “During our excursions we found masses of wild strawberries but
where we found the best we also found the most leeches. I knew from
control & lack of control: animal / dog my reading that these creatures are the plague of many Himalayan
valleys, and now learned from personal experience how helpless one is
constraint & lack of constraint: animal / dog against them. They drop from trees on men and animals and creep
leave (leave something alone) through all the openings in one’s clothes, even the eyelets in one’s
shoes. If one tears them off one loses more blood than if one lets them
drink their fill, when they fall off by themselves. Some of the valleys are
leave it alone infested to such a degree by leeches that one simply cannot protect
people told me to ~ (don’t speak out or get involved) oneself against them. The best way of keeping them out is by wearing
socks and trousers steeped in salt.” (Seven Years in Tibet by Heinrich
involvement: direction / verb Harrer, from the chapter, “The Village of Happiness.”)
♦ “Our first day’s march lay through patches of forest, clearings, and
leave (leave a mark, etc.) Malay villages, and was pleasant enough... The next day, the country got
wilder... We passed through extensive forests, along paths often up to
leaves a (computer) fingerprint our knees in mud, and were much annoyed by the leeches for which this
every visit ~ district is famous. These little creatures infest the leaves and herbage by
the side of the paths, and when a passenger comes along they stretch
themselves out at full length, and if they touch any part of his dress or
leaves a mark body, quit their leaf and adhere to it. They then creep on to his feet, legs,
Afghanistan ~ on soldiers or other part of his body and suck their fill, the first puncture being rarely
felt during the excitement of walking. On bathing in the evening we
generally found half a dozen or a dozen on each of us, most frequently
through an objective lens behavior / knowledge & intelligence: school & education
we have to look at it ~ reasonable officer standard) let down (fail)
through a strictly racial lens
the project look at American history ~ (1619 Project) let me down
don't ~
through a "theological" lens
he does not view the conflict ~ (Middle East) let the team down
in the most critical situation, I ~ (sports)
attention, scrutiny & promotion / perception, perspective &
point of view: eye / tools & technology let us down
perception, perspective & point of view: ground, terrain & power / force: tools & technology
land / height leverage (verb)
level (fairness) leverage its support
Israel should ~ in decisive talks with the Palestinians
on the level
this is not ~ (criminal case thrown out of court) power / force: tools & technology / verb
level of accountability leviathan (noun)
there needs to be a ~ throughout the system (justice)
leviathans
level playing field Britain’s two new aircraft carriers are ~
all we ask for is a ~ (tariffs)
leviathan government
flaws & lack of flaws : sports & games he wants to shrink our ~ (a politician)
levelheaded (adj) leviathan state
they protested against the encroachments of a ~ (health)
levelheaded girl
Olga Zvirkovskaya, a ~ who will do well and go far... intelligence leviathan
character & personality: equilibrium & stability 9/11 helped to create a sprawling ~
takes (dramatic) license amelioration & renewal: death & life / verb
the series ~ with a lot of events (HBO) survival, persistence & endurance: death & life / verb
sanctioning, authority & non-conformity: document / life (lose one’s life)
government
lost his life
lid (keep the lid on something) he ~ in a kayaking accident
survival, persistence & endurance: boat / death & life / heavy lift for them
all that testing will be a ~ (COVID / a company)
water
heavy lift (for Biden) to prevent violence
life raft (and life boat, lifeboat) it’s going to be a ~ (protests)
life raft for his floundering campaign difficulty, easiness & effort: weight
South Carolina is a ~ (primary elections)
lifting (heavy lifting)
life raft for the caregivers
Patti Davis provides a ~ of Alzheimer’s patients heavy lifting
let us do the ~ (ad)
jumped while there was still a lifeboat in the water
I ~ (voluntary redundancy vs compulsory / academia) heavy research lifting
Oxford University had done a lot of the ~ (vaccine)
took refuge in their (Dragon and Soyuz) lifeboats
they ~ (the International Space Station) did the heavy lifting
we ~, and they got the credit (disgusted)
survival, persistence & endurance: boat / death & life /
water work & duty: burden / weight
life span (noun) light (in light of)
life span of 198 days in light of the difficulties
the annual Great Whirl has an average ~ (Arabian Sea) ~ facing the Dukha and other traditional peoples
growth & development: death & life in light of the (uncovered) documents
an appeal ~ (trial)
life support (on life support)
in light of (yesterday's) incident
on life support ~, nobody will be allowed to...
Detroit is ~
the team is ~ (losing) in light of the revelation
how they would pursue the case ~
condition & status: death & life / health & medicine
decline: death & life / health & medicine in light of (last week's) tragedy
the game has been cancelled ~
lift (feeling)
♦ This is a 3-word preposition, and it seems to mean the same as ‘in
temporary lift view of” or “because of” or “considering.”
caffeine may give you a ~, but it won't sustain you relationship: light & dark / prep, adv, adj, particle
feeling, emotion & effect: direction light (shining light)
lift (verb) shining light
lift the (country’s) mood co-workers described Nina as a ~ (died)
it’s a great way to ~ (Euro 2020 in England) superlative: light & dark
lifted our spirits character & personality: light & dark
Sara ~ light (guiding light)
depression had lifted guiding lights of the continent
her ~, and she felt buoyant and hopeful the ~ are dull indeed (leaders)
feeling, emotion & effect: direction / verb direction: journeys & trips / light & dark
lift (amelioration) light (in a same / different light, etc.)
lift the sanctions in a different light
they want to ~ he saw the world ~
amelioration & renewal: verb / weight they began to view him ~
dismissal, removal & resignation: verb / weight in different lights
perception, perspective & point of view: light & dark lighten (lighten things up, etc.)
light (come to light) lightened the mood
the good news ~
came to light
the scope of medical errors ~ when… lighten things up
things are getting a little heavy, let's ~
come to light
new evidence has ~ amelioration & renewal: verb / weight
feeling, emotion & effect: verb / weight
come to light earlier
these misdeeds should have ~ (sex abuse) light bulb (and lightbulb, bulb)
came to light two years ago light bulb
the problem ~ a ~ went off in his head and he… (good idea)
proximity: astronomy / distance / star fate, fortune & chance: tree / verb
comparison & contrast: affix division & connection / presence & absence: sensation /
skin, muscle, nerves & bone
like (people like us / groups)
limbo (in limbo)
like me
and for readers ~ (a non-binary gestational parent) in limbo
plans are ~
like us the children are ~ (schools destroyed by earthquake)
you want to be ~, you gotta do like we do his fate is ~ (general in trouble with president)
people ~ don’t do things like that (go into acting) the British Government is ~ (hung Parliament)
♦ “[My father said to me] ‘Listen son, people like us don’t do things like he has been ~ waiting for his case to be resolved
that (go into acting)...son, I just don’t want you to talk about it anymore...” we are always ~ and we just don’t know...
(“British Actor Terence Stamp Reflects on London in the Swinging ‘60s,”
NPR, Fresh Air, Nov 5, 2021. Originally broadcast in 2002. About what in health-care limbo
his father had said, Stamp said, “In fact, it didn’t deter me at all.”)
certain of the sick find themselves ~
♦ “Well,” [Mr. Motshill] said when he saw me, “what is it?” / “I have come
to join school,” I said. / “Speak English,” he said. “What is it you want?” / in legal limbo
“To join school,” I said, in English. / “Much better,” said Mr. Motshill...
(How Green Was My Valley by Richard Llewellyn.) they are in ~ (spouses of terrorists in Syria)
survival, persistence & endurance: boundary / verb position, policy & negotiation: line
difficulty, easiness & effort: boundary / verb line (division)
restraint & lack of restraint: boundary / verb
constraint & lack of constraint: boundary / verb lines of class, race and education
domestic violence crosses all ~
limp (verb)
caste lines
limping along the public taps are divided along ~ (India)
the US economy is ~
color line
condition & status / progress & lack of progress: movement
the ~ is a fundamental U.S. problem
/ walking, running & jumping / verb
company lines
limp (noun) collaboration is occurring across ~
limp gender lines
if there is a trend afoot, it has a distinct ~ when issues divide along ~
♦ The last lions in the Sahara survived on the Ennedi Plateau until the courage & lack of courage: animal / lion / person
1940s (Chad).
person: animal / lion
♦ “He was the lion killed by a flea.” (Richard the Lionheart.)
lion (throw somebody to the lions, etc.)
epithet: animal / lion
courage & lack of courage / military: epithet throw innocent people to the lions
the French think we ~ (over allegations of sexual abuse)
lion (the Bronze Lion, etc.)
thrown to the lions
Lion and the Unicorn we’re kinda being ~ here (Afghan government)
the ~ appear on the UK royal coat of arms
allegiance, support & betrayal: violence / verb
Bronze Lion
Queen Beatrix awarded to the ~ to... lioness (Lioness.co, etc.)
Golden Lion Lioness
Orson Wells received the ~ (1970 Cannes) the letter was published on the whistleblowing website, ~
♦ “On Wednesday 31 May 2006, Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands
posthumously awarded the late Major General Stanislaw Sosabowski,
proper name: animal / lion
commander of the 1st (Polish) Independent Parachute Brigade, the courage & lack of courage: proper name
Bronze Lion for his services in Operation Market Garden in 1944. / On
Wednesday 7 October 2009, two Dutch soldiers were awarded the lionized
medal: commando Bjorn Peterse (posthumously awarded) and Kaptain
Gijs, for their actions in Afghanistan.” lionized
proper name: animal / lion her aggressiveness would be ~ if she were a man (politics)
achievement, recognition & praise: proper name / sign, lionized by the literary establishment
signal, symbol marquee names traditionally ~
lion (liberal lion, etc.) lionized by journalists
lioness of the left ~, the sniper became a heroic symbol (WWII USSR)
she is a ~ lionized for his disastrous service
liberal lions there is no accountability when Summers is ~ (economics)
they were ~ of a past generation (Supreme Court) lionized for refusing
~ like Birch Bayh and George McGovern athletes are ~ to stand for our national anthem (protests)
old lion lionized as a giant
the kid is getting his shot against the ~ (boxing) he has been ~ of the environmental movement
hierarchy: animal / lion / person lionized as a hero and a whistleblower
achievement, recognition & praise: animal / lion / person he was ~ (Li Wenliang)
lion (courage) achievement, recognition & praise: animal / lion
lions
loose lips ♦ “I think it’s absolutely fine, I do.” “I think it’s great.” “I have no problem
with it whatsoever.” (Comments about a gay marriage by a politician
~ sink ships (wartime) many consider to be paying lip service.)
speech: mouth ♦ “We should have that conversation; We need to have that
conversation; What an interesting idea, I think we should have that
lip (stiff upper lip) conversation...” (Excellent ways not to say yes or no, to make no
commitment, while at the same time sounding sympathetic.)
have a stiff upper lip ♦ “Oh, I’m sorry about that. These things happen.”
how helpful is it to ~ and just get on with it (crisis) ♦ “Good luck with that!”
♦ "Oh for goodness sake. Anyone would think you were dying. You've ♦ “This makes for interesting reading.” (The non-committal written
only got suspected leprosy." (A British nurse to a terrified English patient response to a report by the State Department’s medical team about the
just returned from Afghanistan who is howling in pain, delirious with health effects of microwaves.)
fever, and covered in enormous black lumps.) ♦ “She said, ‘I just want to check in with you and let you know your
♦ Keep calm and carry on. (Great Britain, World War II.) mother’s doing fine, that she doesn’t have a temperature.’ I said, ‘That’s
*. My mom died at 3:30 this morning.’ And she was like, ‘Oh my God.
♦ Keep calm and wear a mask. (The COVID-19 pandemic.)
That wasn’t in the chart.’” (Pat Herrick, daughter of a Life Care Resident
♦ Keep Calm and Call Drew! (An advertisement for Drew Cochran, in Kirkland, Washington. Her mom died of COVID-19.)
criminal defense, Maryland State Bar. The exclamation mark seems to
♦ “We agree we must do better and we are working inside to do so.”
contradict the message.)
(Twitter.)
feeling, emotion & effect / resiliency / survival, persistence ♦ “Lauren’s death was a tragedy that affected all of us in very, very
difficult ways and we know that mistakes were made, we own the fact
& endurance: mouth that mistakes were made...” (The Vice President of Student Affairs at the
lips (lick one’s lips) University of Utah, speaking on Dateline NBC for the episode “Lauren’s
Promise.”)
♦ “That would be like obviously very extremely interesting for like a future
licking their lips direction. (An academic presentation.)
I feel his future opponents will be ~ (boxing)
♦ “Well, so fur to answer her question...we’ve created a [inaudible] post
eagerness & reluctance: animal / bodily reaction / mouth on our Website... (An ABC “voting help” segment.)
♦ “That’s a great question. We don’t yet know...”
lip service (pay lip service, etc.) ♦ “A spokesman for the company said the safety of its residents was
paramount and it was helping them find temporary alternative
give lip service to the victims accommodation.” (The company, according to the government, had
officials ~ (school shooting in Michigan) consistently failed to take action against the risk of fire.)
lockdowns and death counts help & assistance: sports & games
before life turned into this slog of ~ (pandemic) lockstep (in lockstep)
coronavirus lockdowns in lockstep
sports fans are going through withdrawal because of ~ they were all ~, working together (Boeing, FAA)
lockdown is getting looser in lockstep with the White House
the ~ (pandemic) Senate Republicans will be ~
♦ “Last night we got out of strict Level Four lockdown, which hasn’t
allowed us to surf for five weeks. We’re in Level Three now and we can act in lockstep
finally surf. I’m so pumped to get out there.” (A video showing a female he will ~ with the White House
teen surfer in New Zealand on the shore in a wetsuit with her surfboard.
She turns and runs to the water.) march in lockstep
curtailment: doors & thresholds / key climate and carbon dioxide clearly ~ (Antarctic ice)
constraint & lack of constraint: doors & thresholds / key work in "lockstep"
locked (locked in a battle, etc.) Obama said the US would ~ with Israel to prevent…
direction: astronomy / journeys & trips logjam (on extradition) was broken
in 2012, a ~ when...
lodestone (noun)
break the logjam
lodestone for migrants we must ~ (politics)
Angola has become a ~ (2009 / from Congo) Islamic leaders are working to ~ (immunizations)
♦ A lodestone is a piece of naturally magnetic rock, once used in
primitive compasses for roughly indicating the direction of north. broke that logjam
it was that demonstration that ~ (AIDS protest)
direction: astronomy / journeys & trips / tools & technology
clear the logjam
lofty (adjective) I sought a way to ~ (a diplomat)
lofty rhetoric ♦ “All I carried away from the magic town of Auckland was the face and
voice of a woman who sold me beer at a little hotel there. They stayed at
he is known for his ~ (a politician) the back of my head till ten years later when, in a local train of the Cape
Town suburbs, I heard a petty officer from Simon’s Town telling a
achievement, recognition & praise: height companion about a woman in New Zealand who ‘never scrupled to help
speech: height a lame duck or put her foot on a scorpion.’ Then, precisely as the
removal of the key-log in a timber-jam starts the whole pile—those words
logjam (noun) gave me the key to the face and voice at Auckland, and a tale called
‘Mrs. Bathurst’ slid into my mind, smoothly and orderly as floating timber
on a bank-high river.” (Something of Myself by Rudyard Kipling.)
logjam
coat checks and valet parking can become ~s (malls) ♦ “Old man Jinby rode frantically into Grand Rapids, like a second Paul
Revere, screaming out that the flood had broken loose. It is impossible to
logjam of traffic describe the excitement and consternation that reigned in Grand Rapids
as the rushing timbers shot down the current past the city. The heavy
he looks out onto an endless ~ iron bridges one after the other crumpled up like matchwood and were
borne out of sight down stream on the very top of the jam… Five hours
logjam on death row later about half of the logs boiled into sight at Grand Haven, fifty miles
the execution does not signal a break in the ~ away… Now [at Grand Haven] for four days and nights ensued a grim
struggle for supremacy [to secure its own booms and to keep the logs
logjam in Washington from floating out into Lake Michigan] that has probably never been
equaled in industrial history.” ("The Great Log Jam" by Stewart Edward
there is such a ~ (politics) White is a terrific account of an actual log jam. It appeared in Frank
Leslie's Popular Monthly, Vol. LII No. 3 in July, 1901, and it is an account
log jam in the Suez canal of the Great Log Jam of 1883 on the Grand River in Michigan, perhaps
the ~ forced 350 ships to park (Ever Given) the largest logjam in the history of logging.)
logjam (with Congress) over the president's plan obstacles & impedance: river
he seeks a way to break the ~ logroll (verb)
data logjam
limited storage media has created a scientific ~
logroll to get
politicians ~ their share of pork
bureaucratic logjam help & assistance: history / tree / verb
despite the ~s the Army faced in stepping up…
social interaction: history / tree / verb
ideological logjam logrolling (noun)
progress has been stuck in an ~ (warming)
legislative logjam political logrolling
they practice ~ (politicians)
squabbling could lead to a ~ (politics)
♦ In the past, on the frontier, neighbors would help one another to roll
partisan logjam logs to construct buildings.
the White House seeks to break the ~ (politics) help & assistance / social interaction: history / tree
political logjam loiter (verb)
the ~ must be dislodged
loiter in the sky
break in the logjam
drones can ~ for several hours and spy… (warfare)
the execution does not signal a ~ on death row
not everyone is happy about the ~ (politics) loiter (in the sky) for several hours
drones can ~ and spy (warfare)
polarization and logjam
they talked about the ~ in Congress movement: verb
coming, arriving, staying, leaving & returning: movement /
log jam broke
verb
the ~ (writer’s block)
look like if ♦ “If you’ve not seen yourself on screen before, why would you ever want
to go for that role? You’ve suddenly got representation from not one, but
what would this vote ~ this were a secret ballot two South Asian women and it’s a period drama which traditionally you’d
attention, scrutiny & promotion: sound ♦ “People love to see people crash.” (The great Mike Metzger, a pioneer
of freestyle motocross. He once sustained 4 concussions in two months,
loudmouth (person) has broken his back 3 times, has broken his arms and legs, and lost a
testicle after crashing.)
movement: verb / walking, running & jumping attraction & repulsion: fish / hunting
marketplace of ideas ♦ "Walrus flippers with sea cabbage. It's delicious food." (Ludmilla
Ainana, a 66-year-old woman, reminiscing about the food she ate at
New York City is a cacophony of voices and a ~ coastal camps as a child.)
sexual marketplace ♦ "Squirrel soup with a lot of hot peppers is very popular." (A Hmong in
the US who maintains the Hmong hunting tradition.)
our ~ is explicitly and brutally judgmental
♦ “We don’t call him Marmite for nothing.” (A colleague of the
competition: money irrepressible Piers Morgan of ITV.)
society: infrastructure attraction & repulsion / character & personality: food &
Mark Twain (the Yiddish Mark Twain, drink
etc.) marooned
Jewish Mark Twain marooned by history in positions
growth & development: death & life maze of ice and rocks
alone, lost in a ~ (Nuptse)
maul (a storm mauled the Bahamas, etc.)
maze of mangrove, canals and swamps
maul the Bahamas the forest was a dark ~ (U Minh)
Hurricane Dorian continues to ~ (slow moving)
complexity: infrastructure
force: storm
maze (structures)
maven (person)
maze of (hillside) slums
maven of taste people crammed into the ~ (Kabul)
the Baron de Gunzburg and another ~, Frances Stein
maze of (vertical) slums
apartment mavens squeezed into a ~ without bathrooms (Kabul)
he took them with him as ~ (looking for an apartment)
maze of (narrow) streets
knowledge & intelligence: person crowds of shoppers in the ~ (Nanning)
maverick (noun) maze of tunnels
they got lost in a ~ (Canary Islands)
maverick
I like being a little bit of a ~ maze of bars, restaurants and nightclubs
being the ~ that I was, I decided to challenge those rules a ~ (Kuta Beach, Bali)
Shackleton was too much of a ~ for a desk job
maze of dikes and dams and ditches
maverick mantle the Tulare Lake Basin, with its ~
she wears the ~ (a politician)
maze of shanties and shacks
maverick mindset fought their way through a dense ~ (Mogadishu)
she has soured on the politician’s ~
maze of (refuse-strewn) back streets and alleyways
hard-charging maverick the ~ (Sadr City)
he was a ~ who shook up football (a coach) ♦ "Oh, wait, it's upside-down." (A member of a group of people lost in a
corn maze, referring to their map of the maze.)
iconoclast or maverick
I was more like an ~ when I was young (Felix Bast) complexity: infrastructure
♦ This word relates to Samuel A. Maverick (1803-1870). It refers to an
unbranded range animal.
maze (bureaucracy, etc.)
person: animal maze of (bureaucratic) rules
character & personality / sanctioning, authority & non- a civil-service culture, with a ~ (NASA)
conformity: animal / cows & cattle / horse / person heath care maze
Mayflower (Mayflower of the Third an immigrant’s tale of navigating the tangled ~
Aliyah, etc.) bureaucratic maze
her scholarship money got lost in a ~
Zionist Mayflower workers whose only job is to navigate the ~ (Sudan)
the Ruslan, which was the ~ of the Third Aliyah
navigate the (bureaucratic) maze
comparison & contrast / migration: epithet workers whose only job is to ~ (Sudan)
meets the eye appearance & disappearance: snow & ice / verb
there is more to the case than ~ (a murder) meltdown (failure)
fictive meeting & seeing: verb
in meltdown
perception, perspective & point of view: verb
the country is ~ (Yemen)
megaphone (noun)
market meltdown
megaphone for rants a bill to prevent a repeat of the ~ of 2008
the Internet gives anyone a free ~
dot-com meltdown
media megaphone the ~ and poor economy
his voice is amplified by the ~ (a Wall Street analyst)
internet meltdown
social justice megaphones a software bug triggered the ~
~ such as The New York Times and The Washington Post
NotPetya meltdown
digital megaphone Maersk’s global network in the wake of its ~ (worm)
he has been communicating through his ~, Twitter
social-media meltdown
huge megaphone it was a major ~ (Facebook goes down for 14 hours)
I work at The New York Times, I have a ~ and platform
economic meltdown
pulpit and the megaphone the landmark restaurant was a victim of the ~
use the ~ of the office to highlight human rights the economy is in free-fall, ~ (Zimbabwe)
coming, arriving, staying, leaving & returning / movement: message of unity and equality
sports & games his ~ (Martin Luther King, Jr.)
grist for their (propaganda) mill millstone around the president’s neck
the leaks will be more ~ (war) Republicans see the scandal as yet another ~ (election)
oppression: weight
diploma mill
he received his degree from a ~ (coach) mince (verb)
the NCAA is trying to clean up the high school ~s
~s are only one troubling part of youth basketball minced no words
Putin ~
essay mills
students turn to ‘~’ to help them cheat speech: cooking / verb
miner (bitcoin miner, etc.) ♦ “The whole country will be behind the minnows.” (Les Herbiers plays
Paris St-Germain for the final of the Coupe de France.)
minnow
feeling, emotion & effect / violence: blood / color / mental protection & lack of protection: fortification / military
health moated
Mister (and Mr., Missus, Mrs.) moated from popular sentiment
Mister Right some political systems suffer because they are ~
if I found ~... (a woman) division & connection / isolation & remoteness / protection
♦ Valerie: I guess I figured that everything would just fall into place if I & lack of protection: fortification
found Mr. Right. / Mac: Mr. Right? (Inspired dialog from the film Earth
Girls Are Easy with Geena Davis.) mob (group)
♦ See also boy, guy (character), man (big man, little man, etc.)
mob of volunteers
character & personality: person police were joined by a ~ (search)
mix (in / into the mix) amount / behavior / group, set & collection: crime
soldiers in the mix mob (society)
more ~ will ensure the desired outcome
mob of his day
get (right) back in the mix he appealed to the base instincts of the ~ (orator Cleon)
you've got to get back up and ~ (MMA fighter)
mob rule
bring more people into the mix the confirmation hearing descended into ~ (protests)
we must ~ (process) the impeachment is legislative ~
remained in the mix liberal “mob”
he ~ as an informal outside consultant (election campaign) he portrayed himself as a victim of a ~ (culture wars)
involvement: mixture lynch mob
mixed up see lynch mob
online mobs
mixed up with a Japanese girl
the threat of ~ shutting down speech (cancel culture)
I got ~ in Honolulu
involvement: mixture twittermob
yet none of this matters to the ~ (racism controversy)
moan (verb) twitter mob
moaning about a ~ has managed to change a New York Times headline
they’re doing fine, what are they ~ (lower middle class) woke mob
wail and moan I realize I’m in the crosshairs of the ~ (Aaron Rodgers)
they’ll ~ and write outraged editorials... baying of the mob
conflict / feeling, emotion & effect / resistance, opposition he did not bow to the ~ (followed his own mind)
& defeat: sound / verb mob is baying
moaning the ~ for blood (an accidental police shooting)
bases: ground, terrain & land / mountains & hills monster ratings
the game show's ~
monster (Monster.com, etc.)
monster swarm
Monster and MSN trillions of cicadas are emerging in a ~ (Brood X)
the site is jointly operated by ~ (Web site)
monster tsunami
proper name: creature a ~ had been unleashed (Indian Ocean / 2004)
monster (create a monster, etc.) monster waves
the hurricane spawned ~ that toppled beach houses
create a Frankenstein
it gets out of hand, they ~ (extrajudicial killings) monster (40-foot) waves
surfers couldn't resist the challenge of the ~
created a monster
we have ~ (diplomacy) monster dust devil
they still don’t accept that they ~ (Facebook) a ~ sent sand and litter high into the air
sewn together a (Frankenstein’s) monster monster iceberg
move on with your life accusation & criticism: ground, terrain & land / verb
naked truth ♦ Life is for one generation; a good name is forever. (Japan.)
what I believe to be the ~ (identity of murderer) ♦ “You have blackened our name. Kill yourself and clean our shame or
we will kill you first.” (Text message to a 17-year-old Turkish girl in
appearance & reality: clothing & accessories Southeast Anatolia from one of her uncles. She had taken a boyfriend.)
concealment & lack of concealment: clothing & accessories ♦ The Howards and the Turners; the Hatfield and the McCoys; the
Lincoln County Feud; the Frenches and Eversoles; the Martins and
naked (substance) Tollivers; the Bakers and Howards... (Famous Appalachian family feuds.)
♦ “Don’t get me wrong: I have nothing against the Campbells, but I would
naked not stay a night in the company of one.” (Said by a MacDonald recently,
our leaders are ~ referring to a massacre of MacDonalds by Campbells after the
Campbells had accepted the MacDonalds’ hospitality. The murders took
♦ This reminds us of the 1837 story “The Emperor’s New Clothes” by place in 1692.)
Hans Christian Andersen, about the child who exclaimed, “The King has
no clothes!” reputation: proper name
substance & lack of substance: clothing & accessories namecheck (and name-check)
namechecked it in a song
Beyonce has ~ (OnlyFans porn site)
support the narrative ♦ “You know, the media narrative, which they have been lazy and listless
about trying to inform or control the media narrative internationally [sic]
the media ignores these cases because they don’t ~ has gone completely against them.” (A former State Department official
on NPR’s Fresh Air, about an international crisis.)
supported the (police) narrative
♦ “Did she say ‘media narrative’? Edward R. Murrow is turning over in
they played up other factors that ~ (medical examiners) this grave.” (A comment about a scandal involving ethics and sex at
CNN.)
sustain the narrative
♦ This word has its own, huge Wikipedia entry.
this is just what you want to ~ (propaganda)
navigate the (cyber) landscape ♦ “Two Swedish tourists headed for the Italian resort of Capri misspelled
the name in the GPS device and ended up in the industrial town of Carpi,
so how are kids supposed to ~ (misinformation) 400 miles away, where they were very puzzled by the absence of a
beach.” (The Week, August 7, 2009.)
navigate the (bureaucratic) maze
♦ “Triple A suggested that drivers who use GPS still carry a good old-
workers whose only job is to ~ (Sudan) fashioned map.”
navigate the (tangled health-care) maze ♦ “Tired of stumbling off curbs or bumping into other pedestrians while
consulting a map on your smartphone? When you wear Lechal Insoles,
it's difficult to ~ (immigrants) a gentle vibration in one shoe or the other will tell you when and in which
direction to turn. Just enter your destination into Lechal’s GPS app, and
navigate a minefield let your phone do the navigating. The batteries for the vibrating pads last
ad makers had to ~ (Super Bowl 55 / pandemic, strife) about 15 days on a charge. Besides steering you from place to place,
the insoles can also act as activity trackers, monitoring distances
navigating a new (geopolitical) order traveled, steps taken, calories burned, and more. $150, amazon.com.”
countries are ~ framed by the rising dominance of China ♦ The great captain James Cook learned cartographic trigonometry from
Lt. Samuel Holland in the year prior to the 1759 Siege of Quebec. Cook,
navigate the presence in turn, transmitted his knowledge to Captain William Bligh, who taught
ways to ~ of social media in our lives (Mayowa Aina) Captain Matthew Flinders. Cook, Bligh, and Flinders were famous for
their voyages of exploration and discovery.
navigate the (DMV) process ♦ William Bligh, Ernest Shackleton... (Two men associated with
he coached applicants on how to ~ (crooked lawyer) extraordinary feats of open-boat navigation.)
♦ “...the Englishmen were treated to an astonishing spectacle, a review in
navigates a (byzantine) asylum process which no fewer than 330 canoes took part, some of them almost as long
he ~ to finally get a court hearing as the Resolution herself... The painting by Hodges now in Admiralty
House gives one an idea of the scope of this display...” (The Resolution’s
second visit to Tahiti. From The Fatal Impact by Alan Moorehead.)
navigate the terrain
he knows how to ~ (philosophy) ♦ A FUNNY STORY. A rich stupid city man stopped his limousine next to
a field in the countryside and waved a farmer over. “Where’s
Centerville?” the rich man demanded. “Never heard of it,” said the
navigate a (dense) thicket farmer. “Well, where is Nearville?” the rich man spluttered. “Couldn’t
Netflix is trying to ~ of challenges say,” said the farmer. “Well, you’re pretty goddamn stupid, ain’t you,
boy,” the rich man said. “I ain’t lost,” said the farmer.
navigate the threat
they are forced to ~ of rape daily (girls in South Africa) direction: boat / ground, terrain & land / journeys & trips /
map / verb
navigate (yet) another year
colleges ~ of Covid-19 navigating
navigates the (plot’s emotional) peaks and chasms navigating consent
she ~ like a seasoned Sherpa (critic Robbie Colin) ~ is all about communication (sex)
navigate drug abuse, depression, love and high school navigating the (tangled health care) maze
the HBO show follows a group of teens as they ~ an immigrant’s tale of ~
navigates and negotiates navigating (America’s byzantine health care) systems
she ~ her Black identity in a white space (high school) ~ can be frustrating
difficult to navigate navigating the terrain
for Democrats, the issue has been ~ (Trump vaccine) they have shown themselves adept at ~
difficult (for the outsider) to navigate direction: boat
byzantine regulations are ~ (Egypt)
navigation (cyberspace)
hard to navigate
family dynamics and political opinions can be ~ ease of navigation
great content and ~ (a Web site)
♦ “Family dynamics and political opinions can be hard to navigate during
Thanksgiving.” direction / computer: boat
♦ “They are navigating a difficult transition between high school and
college.” (A young idealistic educator about minority students.) Neanderthal
♦ “How people are navigating this New Year’s Eve amid this variant.”
(Omicron. NPR.) Neanderthal thinking
♦ “Where are you now in sort of navigating your grief?” (Rachel Martin, the last thing we need is ~, wear a mask (COVID)
NPR.)
growth & development: history
♦ “Nostalgia seems to be one of the psychological resources that we
have to help us navigate current challenges and stressors and also...” primacy, currency, decline & obsolescence: history
(Clay Routledge, a professor of psychology at North Dakota State past & present / time: history
University, who has studied nostalgia.)
needled Republicans about why ♦ “Finding an animal with a SARS-CoV-2 infection is like looking for a
needle in the world’s largest haystack. They may never find a ‘smoking
he ~ the resolution… (politics) bat.’” (Angela Rasmussen, virologist, Columbia University.)
affliction / speech: sensation / verb ♦ “To find a needle in a haystack, wouldn’t you just use a very large
magnet?”
needle (move the needle, etc.)
searching & discovery: tools & technology
moral-outrage needle needle (thread the needle, etc.)
it takes a lot to move the ~
needle seems (kind of) stuck needle to thread
they have a difficult ~ (politics)
the ~ to me (on progress)
move the needle thread the needle
I tried to ~ (a diplomat)
these ads can ~ if executed correctly (social consciousness)
difficulty, easiness & effort: cloth
move the needle from A to B
legislators have the power to ~ (regulation of social media) negotiate (terrain, etc.)
moved the needle against social inequality negotiate this space
these philanthropists haven’t ~ how to ~ and develop a “cyberspace literacy” (internet)
moving this needle forward negotiated the (rocky) terrain
black women are ~ (protesting a policy) she adeptly ~ of the New York publishing world
action, inaction & delay / effect / feeling, emotion & effect navigates and negotiates
/ progress & lack of progress: tools & technology / verb she ~ her Black identity in a white space (high school)
experience: person growth & development: baby / birth / death & life
amelioration & renewal: baby / birth / death & life
new (orange is the new black, etc.)
new school
Black Is the New Black
~ celebrates Britain’s black community (BBC 2) new-school juggernaut
Tagovailloa turned old-school Alabama into a ~ (football)
data is the new oil
~ (as valuable as oil) new school / old school
a classic ~ rift (newer kayaking moves)
fish gape is the new duck face
the ~ (female selfie pose) past & present / time: school & education
primacy, currency, decline & obsolescence: school &
frozen is the new fresh education
~ (fish that is flash frozen and vacuum sealed)
next (next Steve Jobs, etc.)
“nice is the new nasty”
her career rise might signify that ~ (Rachel Maddow) next Bali
Mandalika, a new tourist area touted as the ~ (Lombok)
orange is the new black
~ reprises “Pink is the new black” next Steve Jobs
she was supposed to be the ~ (Elizabeth Holmes)
orange is the new grey
~ for Bangladesh beards (henna) next Russia
Italy was considered to be the ~ (post WWII)
pink is the new black
behavior: fruits & vegetables / mental health oasis within New York City
Park Slope, Brooklyn, is an ~ (parks, families, etc.)
euphemism: mental health
nuts and bolts oasis for (late-night) customers
we are an ~ (White Castle)
nuts and bolts
jungle oases
take me through the ~ about how this is going to work
a civilization grew near these ~ (cenotes / Mayas)
nuts and bolts of a gritty industry
green oasis
it was an indoctrination into the ~ (garment center)
New York City's High Line is a ~ (elevated walkway)
nuts-and-bolts character
peaceful oasis
he was a very ~ (Edmund Hillary helps Sherpas)
Bali was considered a ~ (before Kuta Beach bombing)
bases: mechanism
spiritual oasis
nutshell (in a nutshell) Cloud Cottage Sangha is a ~ for me (Buddhist)
days of old
old guard
in ~ old guard
past & present / time: day the ~ has yielded the throne (world soccer)
amelioration & renewal: doors & thresholds constraint & lack of constraint: container
starting, going, continuing & ending: journeys & trips rebellious outsider
he is a ~
outshine (verb)
weird outsider
outshines us in health care he is the ~ who becomes influential (scientist)
Canada clearly ~
buccaneers, outsiders, (political) pirates
outshine the main act they want to be seen as ~ (opposition researchers)
sometimes an opening act will ~ (concerts)
remained an outsider
outshine the competition in China, she ~ (a young woman from Kuytun)
he continues to ~ ♦ The Japanese refer to foreigners as gaijin, literally, "outsider.")
affliction / character & personality: health & medicine / resemblance: picture / verb
neck / person / sensation paint (coat of paint)
pain (emotional) fresh coat of paint
it’s pretty much just NAFTA with a ~ (USMCA)
lonely pain
many still struggle with the ~ (of 9/11) appearance & reality / concealment & lack of concealment
/ subterfuge: infrastructure / materials & substances
in pain
if Aaron was ~, he took care not to show it (dad died) painted (characterized)
leave me in all this pain painted as a horrible person
don’t ~ (emotional pain) I was being ~, and I couldn’t do anything about it (banned)
feeling, emotion & effect: health & medicine / mental characterization: picture
health / sensation
palace (movie palace, etc.)
painful (adjective)
Palace of Weddings
painful the city's elegant ~ (Krasnoyarsk)
alternatives & choices / amount: color presence & absence / feeling, emotion & effect: sensation
group, set & collection: color panacea (noun)
palisade (noun)
panacea
palisades of steel the new rules will not be a ~
they are great ~ (container ships) blockchain is not a ~, it’s not this magical thing
♦ A synonym for panacea is cure-all. In Greek mythology, Panacea was
resemblance: fortification a goddess of healing.
pall (cast a pall) amelioration & renewal: allusion / health & medicine /
religion
cast a pall on the (peace) process
the victory by Hamas ~ Panama Canal (of its day, etc.)
cast a pall over the Olympics Panama of its day
the accident ~ (luge death / Winter Olympics) the Miracle Canal was truly a ~ (Qin dynasty)
casts a pall everywhere transportation: epithet
if it ~, there is a special darkness to it here (mass shooting)
♦ A pall is the cloth covering a coffin, hearse or tomb.
success & failure: mining / verb put on the big boy pants
worth & lack of worth: mining / verb he needs to ~ and act as commander in chief
parried the attacks with some skill party (late to the party, etc.)
he ~ (a political debate) late to the party
parry both aren't you rather ~ (entering new market)
he was able to ~ (during a political debate) we’re kinda ~ here (antisatellite warfare)
chose the path fate, fortune & chance: journeys & trips / path / verb
another bored child of privilege who ~ of revolution
path (beat a path)
continue down that path
it’s important that we ~ (environmental cleanup) beating a path to China's door
the world is ~
continue on the path
we're going to ~ that we started on last year eagerness & reluctance: journeys & trips / path / verb
control & lack of control / power / strength & weakness: paid little mind to the outside world
they ~ (rural isolation)
chess / sports & games
paid with his life
pay (benefit) he ~ for the people's freedom (terrorist)
pays to go back pay for their actions
sometimes it ~ and start over (detective / cold cases) they must ~ (teen killers)
pays to be nice paid his debt
judgment / revenge: money / verb cost & benefit / worth & lack of work: money
clutching their pearls over his behavior admiration & contempt: height
they are ~ pedestaled
♦ “Some of Trump’s defenders argue he’s not really serious, and he’s
just trying to get people clutching their pearls.” pedestaled notions
♦ “Please, spare us the pearl-clutching faux-outrage.” (Politics.) the pressure to conform to ~ of female beauty...
♦ “Sit down, Jake.” YouTube, “Time of My life” (Final Dance”)
admiration & contempt / sanctioning, authority & non-
feeling, emotion & effect: clothing & accessories conformity: height / statue
Pearl Harbor (Australia’s Pearl Harbor, pedigree (noun)
etc.) mountaineering pedigree
Pearl Harbor moment they have the ~ needed to consider the task (climb K2)
it was sort of a ~ for America (Fort Sumpter attack) decent pedigree
Australia's Pearl Harbor he never fought anyone with a ~ (boxing talk)
the Japanese attack on Darwin is known as ~ (1942) showed his pedigree
history / military: epithet he ~ in the ring tonight (Usyk defeats Joshua)
♦ The origin of this word makes me wish I had taken French in high
pecking order school. It has to do with a crane (the bird) and graphic representation.
pecking order among the girls identity & nature: animal / family
the ~ was clear (sisters in a family) history: animal / family
corporate pecking order peek (verb)
we still have ~s and rigid job categories (lack of change)
peeked through the clouds
above him in the pecking order the sun ~
the fit-again Erik Lamela is ~ (soccer)
pendulum (reversal) throwing, putting & planting: food & drink / verb
giving, receiving, bringing & returning: food & drink / verb
pendulum is swinging back
now the ~ (from spending to austerity)
peppered
pendulum has swung too far peppered with insights
some think the ~ and they want to push it back her book is ~ (a blurb)
development / reversal: movement / pendulum giving, receiving, bringing & returning: food & drink
primacy, currency, decline & obsolescence: movement / throwing, putting & planting: food & drink
pendulum pepper in (attach)
penned (penned into, etc.)
peppered that in
penned into the coastal plain we’ve talked about a bunch of policies, we’ve ~
the British colonists were essentially ~ attachment / relationship: cooking
constraint & lack of constraint: animal / container configuration / identity & nature: cooking
percolate (verb) ♦ had to look up “performative allyship” and I still don’t get it. crazy.
(Diogenes on a comment board.)
appearance & disappearance / presence & absence: pick (pick oneself up)
creature
pick themselves up
pharaoh (power) they've got to ~ (a losing team)
identify & nature: food & drink / sign, signal, symbol pied piper
pie (shape) pied piper
he was too charismatic, a ~ leading students astray (Uni)
“pies”
there are snowdrifts, we call them ~ (ice yachting) “pied piper of R&B”
♦ “There are snowdrifts, we call them ‘pies.’ The small ones are ok, but
he adopted the nickname, ~ (R. Kelly)
the big ones are dangerous. I drove into one yesterday. It was not great.”
(Roman Kopylov, an ice yachting enthusiast, speaking on Lake Baikal.) pied-piper meaning
he had a message, a kind of ~ (Charles Manson’s lyrics)
resemblance / shape: food & drink
♦ “So Charles would be walking, and then thousands would be following
pie (piece of the pie, etc.) him everywhere he went, you know. He was the Pied Piper.” (Magic
Johnson, about Charles Barkley at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics.
“Chuck” enjoyed strolling the Ramblas at night, attracting great crowds,
piece of the billion-dollar pie and at least one sportswriter considered him “America’s best
they weren’t getting a ~ (NCAA athletes) ambassador” at the games.)
piece of the revenue pie attraction & repulsion: allusion / epithet / magic
students don’t get any ~ (the NCAA) allusion: books & reading
♦ “I don’t want a piece of the pie, I want the goddamn recipe!” (The piety (noun)
character of singer-songwriter-businessman Sam Cooke from the fine
Amazon film One Night in Miami.)
pieties of the (early) 1990s
♦ “They weren’t getting a piece of the billion-dollar pie... but ya know, you liberals have reverted to the ~ (alleged sex harassment)
can let them go make their own pies.” (T.J. Holmes for ABC’s Good
Morning American, about NCAA athletes being allowed to make money
on their name, image or likeness.)
lazy pieties
she avoids ~ and reactionary forecasts ( a writer)
amount: food & drink
takes aim at the pieties
she is a heretic who ~ of diet culture
pinning its hopes on a new strategy feeling, emotion & effect: finger / sensation
the company is now ~ (oil leak) affliction: finger / sensation
survival, persistence & endurance: finger / sensation
pinning their hopes on the new treatment
they are ~ (leukemia)
ping-pong (verb)
pinned their hopes on the report ping-pongs along
many Democrats ~ as a game changer (politics) as the dialogue ~, the audience… (a play)
directing / route: infrastructure / water taking & removing: boat / crime / person / sea
person: boat / crime / sea
piquancy (noun) character & personality: boat / crime / person / sea
sustained piquancy piratical (adjective)
it is this which lends the book its ~ (a book review)
piratical museums
consumption: food & drink / taste formerly ~ (colonialism)
piracy (noun) taking & removing: crime / sea
comparison & contrast: affix
Internet music piracy
music executives are trying to end ~ Pirlo (the Yorkshire Pirlo, etc.)
biopiracy Yorkshire Pirlo
if the tribe does not share in the profits, it's ~ (Brazil) Phillips has been branded “The ~” by his adoring fans
electronic piracy superlative: sports & games
do not participate in or encourage ~ of copyrighted materials comparison & contrast: epithet
taking & removing: crime pit (bear pit)
piranha (predation) bear pit of the House of Commons
piranhas around Britney she stands tall in the ~
the ~ were awful (the pop star) bear-pit atmosphere
thousand internet piranhas a York Hall type of experience, that ~ (boxing match)
a ~ ripped through his every utterance (Jordan Peterson) loves a bear pit
character & personality: animal / fish / predation Dillian ~, he’s fought in places smaller... (the great boxer)
affliction / person: animal / fish / predation transformed the ring into a bear pit
pirate (person) he ~ and bullied his rival (boxing)
environment: hole
pirate server
French police located and dismantled the ~ (botnet) conflict: animal / blood / hole / predation / sports & games
/ violence
pirate trade pit bull (person)
its perceived benefits have fueled a ~ (tree frog)
music pirate pit bull
she’s a ~, sinks her teeth into a case and doesn’t let go
the industry is pursuing lawsuits against ~s (Internet)
porch pirates pit bull for the president
he has been a ~ (a lawyer)
they call them ~ (parcel thieves)
pit-bull lawyers
throwing, putting & planting: farming & agriculture / plant / plateau (verb)
verb plateaued
plant (create) there was an initial upswing, but it has ~ since (soccer)
attenuation: prep, adv, adj, particle / theater / verb amelioration & renewal / competition / sanctioning,
attention, scrutiny & promotion: prep, adv, adj, particle / authority & non-conformity: sports & games / verb
theater / verb plinth (noun)
play (play out)
plinth in their lives
play out their grandmother was the ~ (chaotic upbringing)
how do you think this will ~ (a sports scandal)
bases: statue
playing out
all this was ~ in Washington (controversy) plod (verb)
play out along the border plod along
anger and confusion continues to ~ he expects Republicans to ~ for a time
her life was just ~ until...
played out (very) publicly
her personal crises ~ in the tabloid press (#FreeBritney) progress & lack of progress / speed: journeys & trips /
movement / verb / walking, running & jumping
development: rope / verb
movement: journeys & trips / speed / verb / walking,
starting, going, continuing & ending: rope / verb running & jumping
playbook (noun) plot (verb)
playbook plot new lives
others are taking a page out of that ~ freed miners in Chile ~
follow the (administration’s) playbook direction: journeys & trips / map / verb
nominees closely ~
plot line (development)
script: books & reading / sports & games
torn up the (division’s proposed) plot lines
playground (noun) Andy Ruiz Jr has ~
playground for Westerners development: theater
Nairobi, once a favorite ~ in Africa…
amelioration & renewal: tools & technology / verb / water plum spot
relationships and favors guaranteed him a ~ (government)
plug (pull the plug)
flaws & lack of flaws / superlative / worth & lack of worth:
pulled the plug on the expedition fruits & vegetables
the alpinists have ~ after both suffered injuries...
plumbing (noun)
pulled the plug on the project
homeland security ~ (border towers) plumbing of the Internet
the copyright legislation messes with the secure ~
pull the plug on its fall sports season
Big Ten presidents are ready to ~ (coronavirus pandemic) plumbing components
the essential ~ are the routers (Internet)
pulled the plug on the show
CBS ~ economy's plumbing
financial data centers put much of the ~ in one place
pulling the plug on its mascot
the university is ~ (getting rid of it) Internet's plumbing
we're now seeing attacks on the ~
pull the plug on the (global) talks he wants to create standards to secure the ~
no one is quite ready to ~ (climate)
bases: infrastructure
pull the plug on hate radio
we need to ~
plume (shape)
time to pull the plug plume
it's ~ on the project ~s started blowing off the summit (Everest)
people's points of view ♦ The French blamed the pestilence on the Neapolitans. The English,
Germans and Italians called it the morbus gallicus or the ‘French
~ are influenced by their language and culture disease.’ The Polish labeled it the ‘Russian disease.’ To the Turks it was
the ‘Christian disease.’ It was called the ‘Chinese pox’ by the Japanese
each other's point of view and the ‘Portuguese disease’ in India and Japan. The Tahitians referred
it is important to try to understand ~ to venereal disease as ‘the British disease.’ (Names for syphilis, from
Disease, The Extraordinary Stories Behind History’s Deadliest Killers by
another person's point of view Mary Dobson.)
it is important to understand ~ ♦ “I have a special hatred for ice cream trucks. I think they should be
outlawed. I have so many traumas from them, and the children hit by ice
public health point of view cream trucks are usually on the small side, so they get head traumas.”
(Gracie Dinkins, a trauma surgeon. From “Flesh & Blood” by Gracie
he patiently explained the ~ (an epidemic) Dinkins as told to Matthew Segal, Los Angeles magazine. A purely
personal point of view, based on occupation.)
Hawaiian point of view
♦ “People say it’s a peaceful demonstration but I would say that a huge
a ~ on tourism 18-wheeler is not a peaceful thing to have in the middle of your city.”
(“Health care workers in Ottawa are being harassed protesters [sic]
Nez Perce point of view against COVID-19 mandates,” NPR, Weekend Edition, Saturday, Feb.
increased emphasis to the ~ (park sites) 12, 2022.)
♦ “Yeah, they have these belts on with like all these extra bullets and
minority point of view they’re like dressed for war.” (Leah talking to her Brit producer, Georgia,
the ~ for their podcast about the militia movement.)
♦ “Next morning I awoke, looked out the window, and nearly died of
outlaw point of view fright. My screams brought Atticus from his bathroom half shaven. ‘The
his affinity for the ~ (teacher in jail) world’s ended, Atticus. Please do something.’ I dragged him to the
window and pointed. ‘No it’s not,’ he said. ‘It’s snowing.’” (The beloved
conflicting points of view American novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. This is an example
good articles tend to be built on ~ (journalism) of the point of view of a child.)
♦ A FUNNY STORY. A city man grew weary of the hustle and bustle, the
differing points of view hubbub and din, of city life and decided to visit his relative in the quiet
these ~ (in the "education" community) and peaceful countryside. He made a sign that said, "Gone to the
countryside," posted it on his door, and set off. He drove through the
desert until the road ended. Then he drove off road, following tracks in
opposing points of view the sands, until the tracks ended at the edge of a steep valley. He
the two songs show ~ of the same situation... abandoned his truck there, crossed the valley on foot, and then walked
for miles over a flat barren empty gravel desert. Finally, in the distance,
clear point of view he saw his relative's stone hut, next to a single tree. In great joy and
she has a very ~ anticipation he hurried to it, only to find, posted on the door, a note that
read... "Gone to the countryside."
different point of view perception, perspective & point of view: position
in order to understand a ~
analysis, interpretation & explanation: picture speech: tools & technology / writing & spelling
characterization / evidence: picture poster (poster child, etc.)
posse (group)
poster boy for everything
hang out with their posse he became a ~ that was wrong with boxing
they ~ after school (high school)
poster boy for how
group, set & collection: crime / horse he is a ~ to do it well (a fund-raiser)
position (on an issue, etc.) poster boy for the sport
he was considered the ~ (Ray Mancini / boxing)
staking out their positions
the two sides are ~ on the issue (politics) posterboy for all things Draco
he has become the ~ (a rapper / the weapon)
position, policy & negotiation: line / position
poster child for the spoiled athlete
positive (sex positive, etc.) he's a ~
“positive” sexuality poster child for ignorance
Blake as a representative of liberation and ~ (2015) he has become a ~ (racist)
body positive poster girl for tennis
her 2016 memoir about being feminist and ~ she’s going to be a wonderful (Emma Raducanu)
“sex positive” representation: picture / sign, signal, symbol
~ libertarians (feminism and porn)
post-mortem (analysis)
sex-positive
~ feminism commodifies sexual identities post mortem
~ representations of puberty and adolescence I’m sure after the ~ people will analyse and... (sports)
Hoang’s new romance is ~
postmortem
women are grasping the language of ~ feminism
the report is a ~ to understand what went wrong (politics)
calling the kettle black taken (more than a few) potshots at his home state
this is the pot ~ he has ~ over the years
♦ “What was Zaha moaning to Maupay about? I hope it wasn’t about his takes potshot at whatever is bothering him
celebration in front of the CP fans. Didn’t Zaha do that to the Brighton
fans after his pen? Pot calling and all that.” (wemarchon about Crystal
he takes ~ (comedian)
Palace vs. Brighton & Hove Albion, Mon 27 Sept 2021.)
accusation & criticism: speech / weapon
accusation & criticism: color / cooking
pounce (verb)
potato (small potatoes)
pounce
small potatoes Schmeichel held on to the ball as Aguero waited to ~
destruction: fist / verb / violence poured his heart and soul into the game
he ~ (Reggie Miller speaking of Larry Bird)
pour (in, into, pour out, etc.)
poured money into improvements
poured in King Fahd ~ (Hajj)
complaints ~
poured my soul into it
pouring in I ~ (singing performance)
casualties from the attack started ~ (to a hospital)
poured our hearts into the movement
predatory best
prescription (noun)
Harry Kane was back to his ~ (England vs. Ukraine) prescription
predatory business the diagnosis is wrong, and the ~ is malpractice
Internet gambling is a ~ prescription to save
predatory coach a ~ globalization from itself
~s are some of the most successful (sex abuse) prescription for disaster
predatory educators it was a ~ (girl wants acceptance, boys like alcohol)
I view for-profit collages as ~, like predatory lenders amelioration & renewal / script: health & medicine
predatory lender presence (groups)
the poor fall prey to ~s
obscure or even erase my presence
predatory priest I fear that teaching online will ~ (a black female)
the archdiocese is accused of harboring ~s
♦ “We are other, different, not expected to be seen.” (Blacks outdoors in
the woods or hiking on a trail.)
predatory publisher
the company is a ~ (fees, no checking, fake lists) ♦ “He is the main penalty box presence because...” (Karim Benzema.)
prisoner of his determination cost & benefit / worth & lack of worth: money
he was the ~ (Amundson follows line of longitude to Pole) wants, needs, hopes & goals: money
fit a (particular) profile ♦ In Greek mythology, the myth of Prometheus and the story of Pandora
are intertwined.
victims usually ~, such as prostitutes…
♦ “Prometheus unframed: A new type of camera could prove valuable or
fit any (discernible) profile robots, drones and driverless cars,” The Economist, January 29th, 2022.
these victims do not ~ (spree killings) ♦ “Paine is the preeminent spokesman of a new class of people who are
emerging at just that time. We used to call them the artisans, self-
fit the (mule) profile educated working men with a skill... They’ve taught themselves to read
or they’ve become literate.. And they develop political ambitions. And
he ~ (busted drug courier at airport) Paine is the perfect spokesman of this group of people who meet in
taverns and coffeehouses and public squares to discuss self-
characterization: picture improvement and the improvement of society. And that’s why—it’s
Promethean, I suppose, is the word I’m looking for. It’s the desire to
profile (profile in courage) share the fire, not just with the gods but with the whole of humanity, so
everyone can warm themselves by the flame and see by it, too.”
profiles in courage (“Hitchens: How Paine’s ‘Rights’ Changed the World,” NPR, October 23,
major businesses are not exactly ~ (the bottom line) 2007. From the special series, “Books That Changed the World.”)
♦ The beloved US president John F. Kennedy wrote Profiles in Courage, difficulty, easiness & effort: allusion / religion
in which he singled out eight senators for their bravery and integrity. comparison & contrast: affix
♦ “Look, I never expect a foreign leader I’m dealing with, or a colleague sanctioning, authority & non-conformity: allusion / religion
senator, to voluntarily appear in the second edition of Profiles in
Courage. So you got to think of what is in their interest.” (Joe Biden Promised Land
speaking to Evan Osnos.)
pummeled
punch (punch above one's weight, etc.)
the bank's shares have been ~ fight above our weight
pummeled in the media we're going to have to ~ (politics)
she has been ~ (a leader) punches above its weight
pummeled for failing Hungary ~ in math, it has produced many mathematicians
he has been ~ to solve the problem punched (massively) above our weight
pummeled by conservatives we ~ (small Wales does great in Rugby World Cup)
he was ~ for even broaching the topic (politics) power / substance & lack of substance: boxing / verb /
pummeled by the storm weight
the area was ~ punch (sucker punch / verb)
pummeled by both sides sucker punched France
he has been ~ (Obama)
the US has ~ (scored a goal against run of play)
pummeled by drugs and crime behavior: boxing
the neighborhood has been ~
readiness & preparedness / restraint & lack of restraint /
feeling, emotion & effect: boxing / fist / sensation subterfuge: boxing / fist / verb
difficulty, easiness & effort: arm / force resiliency / starting, going, continuing & ending / survival,
persistence & endurance: force / journeys & trips / prep,
push back (verb) adv, adj, particle / verb
push back pushover (noun)
they are preparing to ~
no pushover
pushed back against the military’s claim the Iraqi Army was no ~
he ~ of impropriety (a filmmaker)
difficulty, easiness & effort: arm / force
resistance, opposition & defeat: arm / force / verb
pushy (people)
pushback (noun)
pushy
pushback from Congress over the treaty knowing how to be encouraging without being ~ (kids)
do you expect any ~
pushy parents
resistance, opposition & defeat: force / arm the problem of ~ in public schools
pushed around pushy people
pushed around don't let ~ affect your decisions
we will not be ~ (tariff war) pushy stage mother
coercion & motivation / resistance, opposition & defeat: I'm not a ~
arm / force come across as pushy
pushed out or you'll ~...
behavior / character & personality / coercion & motivation:
pushed out of better paid work into lower paid work
force / arm
they were ~
dismissal, removal & resignation: force / arm
Q Queen of Soul
Aretha Franklin, the ~ (singer)
quagmire (noun) queen of her sport
she is the ~ in her country (speedskater)
quagmire of Vietnam
we're in the ~ (war in Afghanistan) superlative: epithet / person / royalty
epithet: royalty
quagmire of (boxing) negotiations
the two camps are swimming through the ~ queen (role)
Libyan quagmire queen bees
Egypt might get sucked into the ~ (military intervention) selecting ~ from the most productive colonies
fear of a (Somalia-like) quagmire beauty queen
~ which could have endangered US troops (Rwanda) the Georgia ~ is accused of murdering her boyfriend
digging themselves deeper into the quagmire Coffee Queen
they are ~ (an embattled regime fighting to survive) she won the popular title of ~ (Argentina)
obstacles & impedance: ground, terrain & land drag queen
progress & lack of progress: ground, terrain & land ~ theater
arms race between variants and vaccines race against time, it’s a race against the clock
we have an ~ (COVID) it’s a ~ to get these animals refloated (stranded whales)
arms race to build plush new dorms and stadiums competition / timeliness & lack of timeliness: sports &
Berea College has opted out of the college ~ games / walking, running & jumping
raft of (technical) problems money: clothing & accessories / sign, signal, symbol
engineers encountered a ~ during development (Nauka) rail (verb)
raft of research
there has been a ~ lately that...
railed against the government’s trade policies
he ~
amount: boat
accusation & criticism: sound / speech / verb
rage (verb) speech: sound / verb
amount & effect / resemblance: rain / verb ♦ “Last year, religious leaders, including Khoisan leader Ockert Lewies,
pictured, gathered at the bottom of Table Mountain to pray for rain.”
rainbow (searching and discovery) (“Icebergs and empty pools: Five things Cape Town’s Day Zero taught
us” by Flora Drury, BBC, 12 May 2018.)
growth & development: death & life on-ramp to misinformation and extremism
talk radio is the ~
rake (destroy)
diplomatic “off-ramp”
raking the coast there appears to be no easy ~ in this crisis
the hurricane is ~
visible off-ramp
destruction: farming & agriculture / tools & technology / is there a ~, to get Putin to back down (NPR)
verb
offramps and onramps
rake in (verb) we need ~ for when conditions change (mask wearing)
giving, receiving, bringing & returning: tools & technology / looking for an off-ramp
verb he is ~ (de-escalation of a crisis)
Upper Ramparts
rape (verb)
the ~ is a canyon on the Porcupine River (Yukon) raping me all over again
proper name: fortification I felt like the system was ~
ravenously followed
ray (ray of hope, etc.)
the media ~ the story ray of hope
consumption: food & drink looking for a ~
raw
razor (razor-thin)
her emotions are still ~ razor-thin margin
the emotions are ~ (Netherlands crash out at Euro 2020) the election was decided by a ~
raw nerve comparison & contrast / size: breadth
(see raw nerve)
reach (secure)
still raw
the war wounds are ~ (between Japan and its neighbors) reached an agreement
Democrats said they had ~ with the White House
rubbed raw
she was ~ emotionally (newspaper advice columnist) reach your conclusion
the battle ~ the country’s divides (political, social, etc.) how did you ~
remain raw attainment: movement / verb
emotions ~
read the signs ♦ “Adventure is pushing yourself into unknown realms, not dying just
because the pro sucked.” (The great climber Todd Skinner.)
if you can't ~, you won't survive (the taigá)
area: royalty
reads the signs
he ~ like a map ("Shadow Wolves" tracker) reap (verb)
read the sky reaped (vast) sums from (Nigerian) oil
they pride themselves on their ability to ~ (hunters) Shell has ~
read a (financial) statement reap (enormous political) support from the unions
she learned how to read a ~ politicians can ~ (education)
read the weather, wind, sun, stars reap their (biggest) profits by selling
a sailor must be able to ~ (sailing) sex traffickers ~ virgins (Asia)
hard to read reaping a (bitter) harvest
Ohio is ~ (elections) teachers are ~ (dislike by public)
analysis, interpretation & explanation: books & reading / reap the (almost immeasurable) rewards
verb a few corporations ~ of a vast new world (AI)
read (the sign read don’t enter, etc.) reap the whirlwind
he who sows the wind shall ~ (Bible)
altimeter read
my ~ 27,500 feet (Mount Everest) product: farming & agriculture / plant / verb
outcast Hollywood rebel starting, going, continuing & ending: mechanism / verb
he was the ~ (film director Nicholas Ray) reboot (noun)
rank-and-file rebels
after negotiations with ~... (politics) reboot
Ukraine is ready for a ~ (political change)
world’s oldest rebel
starting, going, continuing & ending: mechanism
he calls himself the ~ (Harry Leslie Smith)
conservative rebels
reborn
~ have attacked plans to extend lockdown powers (UK) reborn
sexual rebel Spanish football was ~ (13 Oct 2007 vs Denmark)
she was a ~ (the remarkable Rebecca West) reborn in Athens in 1896
♦ “Here’s to the Crazy Ones! / The misfits. / The rebels. / The the Olympics, born in ancient Greece and ~
troublemakers. / The round pegs in the square holes. / The ones who
see things differently.” (Apple’s “Think Different” advertising campaign.) reborn career
resistance, opposition & defeat: military / person a ~ as an advertising icon (Jeff Hakman)
sanctioning, authority & non-conformity: military / person amelioration & renewal: birth
rebel (adjective) growth & development: birth
primacy, currency, decline & obsolescence: birth
Rebel Royal
Princess Margaret: ~
rebound (recover)
sanctioning, authority & non-conformity: military rebounded in numbers
resistance, opposition & defeat: military it's possible the sharks have ~
control & lack of control: skin, muscle, nerves & bone plans, SOPS, standards, and rehearsals
integrate measures into ~ (fratricide)
refrain (common refrain, etc.)
planning, rehearsal, and execution
common refrain during mission ~ (military)
there’s a ~ among these MeToo stories (relief)
reconnaissance and (some) rehearsal
Navy refrain no doubt it required some ~ (attack on Red Cross)
“SWOs eat their own” is a common ~ (jealousy)
conduct rehearsals
repetition: music ~ on terrain that resembles the actual ground (military)
reframe (characterize) readiness & preparedness: theater
reframe the narrative rehearse (verb)
critical race theory seeks to ~ of American history
rehearse for combat
characterization: picture / verb the maneuvers are a chance for soldiers to ~ (Kuwait)
analysis, interpretation & explanation: infrastructure /
picture / verb rehearse on terrain and under conditions
if possible, ~ like those at the operation site (military)
refuge (noun)
rehearsed your answers
refuge from bullying when you have your script and have ~ (interview)
nowadays there is no ~ (teens and cyber-bullying)
rehearse procedures
last refuge ~ for evacuation requests (casualties / military)
patriotism is the ~ of the scoundrel
rehearse the signals
seek refuge ~ to be used on the patrol (military)
many ~ in delusion, denial and fantasy (Mideast)
rehearses (critical) tasks
protection & lack of protection: place the platoon ~
refugee (person) tasks to rehearse
some important ~ include assaulting a bunker
“bitcoin refugees”
China’s ~ are scrambling to find a new home (Texas) failure to rehearse
migration: person / journeys & trips short planning time, ~, and leader fatigue… (military)
person: journeys & trips plan, rehearse, and execute
regurgitate (verb) ~ the operation (military)
readiness & preparedness: theater / verb
regurgitating the bitterness
they are ~ of the election (politics) reign (verb)
consumption: food & drink / verb reign in Congress
rehearsal (noun) polarization is likely to ~ after the election
reigned supreme
rehearsal
censorship ~ from 1932 to the late 50s (Hollywood)
~s build confidence and improve performance (military)
~s reveal weaknesses or problems (military) confusion reigns
~ nationwide amid conflicting coronavirus rules
rehearsal of all (critically timed) events
a ~ should be done (ARSOA) uncertainty reigns
even with computer models as a guide, ~
rehearsal for invasion
North Korea calls the maneuvers a ~ unease reigns
~ after North Korean missile test
rehearsals or reconnaissance
terrorists undertake ~ originality and uncertainty still reign
~ (Black Mirror TV show)
dress rehearsal
if a full-scale ~ is impossible (military) starting, going, continuing & ending: royalty / verb
conditions return past & present / time: direction / journeys & trips /
coral can recover if ~ to normal (bleaching) movement / place / verb
coming, arriving, staying, leaving & returning: movement /
function had returned verb
his heart and liver ~ to normal (CO poisoning)
rewritten (changed)
wind returned
it was still horribly cold and the ~ in force (climbing) rewritten
♦ see also go back (and get back)
tools that allow the code of life to be ~ (Crispr-Cas9)
coming, arriving, staying, leaving & returning / situation: creation & transformation: writing & spelling
direction / movement / verb
reveal (verb)
return (animals, etc.)
reveal how
return of this (national) symbol his novels ~ things really got done (spycraft)
ability & lack of ability / constraint & lack of constraint: ringed seal
materials & substances / movement the ~ is a chief prey of the polar bear (Arctic)
♦ Animals might be banded, dappled, marbled, mottled, ringed, speckled,
rigid (character) spotted, stippled, striped, and even spectacled!
ring out (voice) growth & development / timeliness & lack of timeliness:
fruits & vegetables / plant
voice rang out
her ~ with an accusation ripple (verb)
speech: bell / sound / verb ripple out
all sorts of abuses ~ (from dogfighting)
ring out (a shot rang out, etc.)
rippled westward
shot rang out the tradition may have ~ with the Scythians (art)
suddenly, a ~ and a bullet fired from the house struck…
rippled through the system
sound: bell / verb United's flaws ~ (plane transportation)
riot (run riot) rippled through Hollywood
a groundswell of cases like hers ~ (MeToo)
ran riot
they ~ in a 5-0 win (a soccer match) rippled through every industry
the effects of the movement have ~ (MeToo)
ran riot at St Mary’s
Leicester ~ to win (a soccer match) rippled around the ground
a sense of foreboding ~ (a soccer game)
ran riot around the streets
he ~ of Holytown as a young lad (Chris Bungard) transmission: verb / water
effect / feeling, emotion & effect: verb / water / wave
mind ran riot
his busy ~ after his success (a troubled boxer) ripple (ripple effect)
behavior / constraint & lack of constraint: crime ripple effects
riot (other) the ~ have affected river access (kayaking fatalities)
ripple effects in all directions
Riot Girls Kazakhstan’s policies have caused ~
~ offers no-holds-barred dramas (BBC Radio 4)
~ offers provocative writing by women (BBC Radio 4) have ripple effects
weather delays ~ (air transportation)
behavior / constraint & lack of constraint: crime
riot (riot of color, etc.) adds to the ripple effect
every new infection ~ (AIDS epidemic)
riot of wildflowers effect / feeling, emotion & effect: water / wave
spring covers the Rocky Mountains in a ~
ripple (noun)
riot of life and colour
Southern Africa is a ~ (ocean currents) ripples
delays can have ~ thousands of miles away (planes)
resemblance: crime
ripple on the economy
that move, in turn, has had a ~
first step on that road experience: journeys & trips / movement / place
this is a pretty aggressive ~ (to impeachment) past & present / time: journeys & trips / movement / place
start on the road to e-riches road (go down that road, etc.)
all eager to ~ (Internet prospectors) go down that road
♦ “We’re still on the road to peace, it’s just going to be a bumpy road, and let’s not ~
I’m not going to get off the road until we reach the vision.” (President
Bush on Palestinian road map, after suicide bombing.) confronting, dealing with & ignoring things / eagerness &
course: infrastructure / journeys & trips reluctance: journeys & trips / movement
road (come down the road / pike) road (end of the road)
coming down the pike the end of the road
so a lot is ~ today a defeat does not necessarily mean ~ for Nigeria
ruin his (company's) reputation control & lack of control: royalty / verb
he was determined not to let the hackers ~ ruled
ruin the (tourist) trade ruled by vice
crime could ~ my soul was ~
ruins the catalytic converters control & lack of control: royalty
high-sulfur fuel quickly ~ (sour crude)
rumble (verb)
tried to ruin
he essentially ~ Bruce's career (scientists) ready to rumble
the other Democrats are ~ (political debate)
quickly ruins
♦ The boxing announcer Michael Buffer is associated with the
high-sulfur fuel ~ the catalytic converters (sour crude) catchphrase, “Let’s get ready to rumble!” He has been paid up to one
million dollars to say it. According to the Internet, he copyrighted the
endanger or ruin phrase in 1992 and has received $400 million from others using it at
I hope this doesn't ~ your career sporting events. “One of the things I really love about my job is
enthusiasm,” he has said. To quote Don King, “Only in America!”
destruction: infrastructure / ruins / verb
conflict: boxing / sports & games / verb
ruin (financial ruin, etc.)
run (a road can run, etc.)
financial ruin
he faced ~ runs through the (An Nafud) desert
the route ~
facing (financial) ruin ♦ Run is extremely polysemous, as explained in “A Verb for Our Frantic
they are in crushing debt and ~ Times” by Simon Winchester, The New York Times, May 28, 2011. And
Winchester himself can be heard speaking at “Has ‘Run’ Run Amok? It
destruction: infrastructure / ruins Has 645 Meanings... So Far,” NPR, Talk of the Nation, May 30, 2011.
ruin (in ruins, etc.) fictive motion: verb / walking, running & jumping
chosen to be the scapegoat ♦ “A World War One memorial to soldiers whose story has been
described as an unresolved ‘taboo’ is set to be unveiled... / The statue is
he was railroaded, ~ (wrongly convicted) to be unveiled by descendants of some of the soldiers, at Queen Mary’s
Hospital in Sidcup, Kent, where many of the men were treated.” (“Ending
use the West as a scapegoat the taboo of soldiers with ‘broken faces’” by Sean Coughlan, BBC, 9
Moi sought to ~ for the country’s troubles (Kenya) November 2019.)
used as a scapegoat affliction / feeling, emotion & effect: health & medicine /
the company is being ~ for America’s opioid crisis mark / wounds & scars
♦ One goat was sacrificed. The scapegoat was driven off into the
wilderness to perish with the sins of the community lying symbolically on
scar (blemish / noun)
its horns.
scar on the history
oppression / punishment & recrimination / sacrifice: the Sand Creek massacre is a permanent ~ of Colorado
animal / justice / religion
economic scars
scar (the Scar, etc.) the longer the recovery, the more long-lasting the ~
know the rock formation as “The Scar” flaws & lack of flaws: mark / wounds & scars
fishermen and Taku locals ~ (Jaw Point, Alaska) scar (blemish / verb)
proper name: health & medicine / mark / wounds & scars
scar it
amount: sea
at sea
policy makers are ~ sea (sea of sand, etc.)
direction: boat / sea sea of mud
sea (amount) everywhere is a ~ (after a tsunami)
sea of sand
sea of clouds
their way was blocked by an impassible ~ (desert)
I saw a ~ extending miles and miles (fire tower)
dune sea
sea of data
the great ~s called ergs in Arabic (Sahara)
the testing mandates had generated a ~ (education)
sand sea
sea of debt
the Eastern Erg, a ~ covering 120,000 square miles
a ~ threatens to drown the dreams of a generation
♦ A sea of sand (a desert), a Sahara of snow (Antarctica)...
sea of (unfamiliar) faces
resemblance: sea
all I saw was a ~
sea of humanity
sea legs
the pilgrims formed a ~ (Hajj) fame sea legs
sea of (rights) issues a 19-year-old man finding his ~ (Lil Nas X)
the turbulent ~ (copyright) experience: boat / walking, running & jumping
sea of merchandise equilibrium & stability: walking, runny & jumping
there's a ~ (department store) seal of approval
sea of people seal of approval
as far as I could see was a ~ (state funeral) he gave me that grin of his, and that was his ~
sea of pilgrims mob's seal of approval
a seemingly endless ~ (Hajj) a kiss on the cheek was the ~
sea of protestors sign, signal, symbol: royalty
a ~ were waving Socialist party flags (Albania) judgment / sanctioning, authority & non-conformity: sign,
sea of red signal, symbol
the stands were a ~ (Seoul World Cup stadium) seam (burst at the seams)
seas of squalor bursting at the seams
islands of prosperity within great ~ (Bombay, etc.) a nearby campground is ~
sea of thoughts size: clothing & accessories
he says his mind is a muddled ~
seamless (adjective)
sea of unknowns
the oil spill has created a ~ seamless service
the company delivers ~ to its customers
sea of candles and flowers
a ~ (public memorial to terrorist victims) seamless teamwork
~ can be a potent weapon (epidemiology)
sea of (Japanese) flags and signs
the stands were a ~ (baseball) division & connection: cloth
flaws & lack of flaws: cloth
sea of (2,000 mostly) Hispanic students
this ~ (school) seamlessly
sea of red ink seamlessly
keep it from crashing in a ~ they work together ~
perception, perspective & point of view: eye movement: direction / sports & games
feeling, emotion & effect: sensation / skin, muscle, nerves dominance & submission / superiority & inferiority: person
& bone serve up (verb)
sentence (life sentence) serves up anti-Obama rhetoric
permanent life sentence he ~ every night (a news host)
there can’t be a ~ on someone who does something wrong consumption / supplying: food & drink / verb
judgment / punishment & recrimination: justice set (skill set)
sentinel (noun) skill set (was perfect) for that show
sentinels of environmental quality his ~ (S.N.L.)
birds are ~ bring a skillset
sentinel disease women ~ (CIA)
she calls it a “~” in the era of climate change (CKDu) group, set & collection: tools & technology
warning: military / person setback (progress)
Serengeti (Serengeti of the North, etc.) setback
Serengeti of the North a ~ in their frustrating hunt for the sniper (D.C. area)
the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is often referred to as setbacks
the ~ he has had some ~
biodiversity: epithet / place she knows her ~ will soon be in the rear-view mirror
handed (its first major) setback
the terrorist group was ~ when...
set off a shoot-out starting, going, continuing & ending: journeys & trips /
the request ~ between the two camps movement / verb
set off a wave of pride reconciliation, resolution & conclusion: equilibrium &
his success has ~ (Japanese ballplayer) stability / verb
feeling, emotion & effect: explosion / verb sever (verb)
set off (and set out) severed it from the world
the Suez Canal ~ (Mauritius)
set off on a wild rampage
dozens of teenage boys ~ (Central Park) division & connection: ax / blade / knife / verb
throw shade at the biggest name feeling, emotion & effect: light & dark / shadow
he seemed to ~ in hip-hop oppression: light & dark / shadow
accusation & criticism: light & dark / verb shadow (in / under the shadow)
shadow (concealment) in the shadow of the gun
they live ~ (Kashmiris)
in the shadows
killing, interrogating and bribing are done ~ (terrorism) in the shadow of terrorism
NSO was created ~ in 2010 many are revitalizing family ties ~ (US)
from the shadows to the spotlight feeling, emotion & effect: light & dark / shadow
survivors have moved ~ (sex abuse) oppression: light & dark / shadow
etc.) shadowy
beyond any shadow of a doubt shadowy figure
I will convince you ~ (trial) he is a ~ whose intentions remain shrouded in mystery
consciousness & awareness / behavior / unanimity & come out of his shell
she encouraged him to ~ during his teenage years
consensus / society: animal / sheep
sheep (predation) come out of my shell
I was a shy person who needed to ~ (got into boxing)
sheep came out of my shell
we won’t be ~, we’re going to be lions (self-defense) that’s when my life began and I ~ (gay leaves home)
prey on the sheep stayed inside my shell
there are a lot of wolves in here who will ~ prison) I ~ for the first two or three weeks (summer camp)
♦ “Death devours lambs as well as sheep.” (Infant mortality.)
protection & lack of protection: animal / sea / water
strength & weakness: animal / sheep / predation isolation & remoteness: animal / sea / water
destruction: animal / sheep / predation
shellshocked
shelf (Sahul Shelf, etc.)
shellshocked
Sahul Shelf I was so ~, I left the building by the wrong exit (interview)
the ~, that shallow ledge of ocean floor
shell-shocked Barca side
Sunda Shelf a ~ was unable to fashion any serious response
the islands of the ~
looked shellshocked
proper name: house / shape he ~ in court (a celebrity who was arrested for rape)
geography: proper name Liverpool players ~ after that loss (to Newcastle United)
shelf (ice shelf, etc.) ♦ “This man took part in the Mons retreat, battle of the Marne, battle of
the Aisne, and the first and second battles of Ypres. He also fought at
ice shelf Hill 60, Neuve Chapelle, Loos and Armentieres... When I saw him nine
months later he was mute. Many attempts had been made to cure him.
they anchored to the floating ~ He had been strapped down in a chair for twenty minutes at a time, when
strong electricity was applied to his neck and throat; lighted cigarette
continental shelf ends had been applied to the tip of his tongue and ‘hot plates’ had been
the ~ dives down... placed at the back of his mouth. Hypnotism had been tried. But all these
methods proved to be unsuccessful in restoring his voice.”
shape: house (“DISORDERS OF SPEECH / Case A1—MUTISM / PRIVATE, 24
YEARS OF AGE. From Hysterical Disorders of Warfare by Lewis Ralph
Yealland, M.D.)
shocked and bewildered (m) send shock waves through the market
the ~ passengers (train crash) such a drastic step would ~
shocked, embarrassed and disgusted sent shock waves through French politics
residents are ~ (town government) the poll ~ (strength of right)
shocked and grief-stricken sent shock waves through the American psyche
~ relatives of the victims gathered (bus-truck crash) Tet ~ (Vietnam War)
empathy & lack of empathy: clothing & accessories shoot (shoot first)
perception, perspective & point of view: clothing & shoot first and ask questions later
accessories investors are likely to ~ (stocks fall on fears)
shoe (big shoes) action, inaction & delay / initiation: verb / weapon
big shoes shoot (shoot oneself in the foot)
those were definitely some ~ that I had to fill...
shot himself in the foot
superiority & inferiority: clothing & accessories / size
he has ~ again (Colin Kaepernick)
shoe (the shoe is on the other foot) shot themselves in both feet
shoe’s on the other foot CNN ~ with this crazy rule and enforcement (a scandal)
what might happen to you if the ~ failure, accident & impairment: foot / verb / weapon
reversal: clothing & accessories shoot down (verb)
shoe (a stone in the shoe) shoot me down
stone in our shoe I do feel like, ~ here if you think it’s necessary (argument)
Ecuador’s president has described him as a ~ (Assange) destruction: plane / speech / verb / weapon
stone in Nato’s shoe shoot-out (noun)
Turkey is fast becoming a ~ (over Libya)
shoot-out between the two camps
affliction: clothing & accessories / sensation
the request set off a ~ (privacy vs. right to know)
feeling, emotion & effect: clothing & accessories /
sensation conflict: weapon
feeling, emotion & effect: health & medicine shot (shot in the dark)
amelioration & renewal: health & medicine
shot in the dark
shot (attempt) deciding which MS drug is something of a ~
♦ “Sometimes a shot in the dark hits its mark.” (A murder investigation.)
shot at advancement
♦ A former California State prosecutor, speaking about a legal takedown,
his son has a better ~ than he faced as a young man said, “This case was a huge stab in the right direction.” (Step in the right
direction? Stab or shot in the dark? Is this an “eggcorn”?)
shot at the job
I thought I had a ~ (job interview) fate, fortune & chance: target / weapon
shot at the peak shot (criticism)
this was their last ~ (mountaineering)
taking shots at him
shot at the summit everyone is ~ (criticism)
helping the other group cost the climbers a ~
accusation & criticism / speech: weapon
shot at the title
a win would keep him on track for a ~ (boxer) shot (shot across the bow, etc.)
shot at the (world) championship shot over the bow
a ~ (boxing) it was a ~ (penalty against Facebook)
sanctioning, authority & non-conformity: shoulder attention, scrutiny & promotion: sound / verb
speech / warning: sound / verb
shoulder (oppression)
shout-out (noun)
shoulders
it's definitely a weight off my ~ shout-out to southeast Ohio
his ~ has inspired more than donations
oppression: shoulder / weight
attention, scrutiny & promotion: sound
shoulder (rub shoulders)
shove (noun)
rubbed shoulders with them
the magazine eagerly ~ (celebrities) shove in the back
the army delivered a very strong ~ when... (coup)
proximity: shoulder / verb
social interaction: proximity / shoulder / verb coercion & motivation / force: arm / gesture
sick (to my stomach) with dread side (on one’s side / time)
I felt ~
on their side
sick with envy time is ~ (negotiation and diplomacy)
one academic ~ over another
allegiance, support & betrayal: direction / position
worried sick time: direction / position
both were ~ (parents of abducted young woman) side (on one’s side / person)
made me sick
her story ~ to my stomach (rape)
on your side
you need someone ~ (ad for lawyer)
felt sick (to my stomach) with dread
I ~ (mother of 1 pound 15 oz baby)
on the side of the White House
the public is not really ~ (political issue)
feeling, emotion & effect: health & medicine
allegiance, support & betrayal: direction / position
sick (slang) side (on the good side, etc.)
sick deal
if you want to get a ~ on a jersey (NFL merch)
on America’s good side
if they want to be ~
♦ "[Most] of the sickest climbers in the Himalayas are Polish, Russian,
Czech, or Slovenian. They're hard-core. Everyone knows that. You can social interaction: position
tell when you meet them." (Mark Synnott.)
isolation & remoteness: farming & agriculture / verb activity: heating water / temperature / verb / water
division & connection: farming & agriculture / verb initiation: heating water / temperature / verb / water
Sisyphean task
sit-down (other)
it is a ~ (creating a database) sit-down with the child
the ~ of digging out the hut from snow (Antarctica) have a serious ~ (a serious talk)
difficulty, easiness & effort: allusion serious sit-down
allusion: books & reading have a ~ with the child (a serious talk)
comparison & contrast: affix
position, policy & negotiation: standing, sitting & lying /
sit (a house can sit somewhere, etc.) table
sat in a suburb sit out (verb)
his house ~ called...
sit out this year
sits on the (northern) edge
he can’t afford to ~ (working during pandemic)
the city ~ of the African continent (Melilla)
sits (comfortably) at the top of their group sit it out
Italy ~ (soccer) he could stay in Ulm and ~ until the Russians arrived
involvement: standing, sitting & lying / verb
sitting 2 points above the regulation zone
Manchester United ~ (English soccer) action, inaction & delay: standing, sitting & lying / verb
insult: hardness & softness / head ♦ Who won the war? / The MPs won it. / How’d they win it? / Why, their
mothers and sisters laying for Liberty Bonds. (Infantry chant while
softhearted (and soft-hearted) marching past MPs. From From Here to Eternity by James Jones.)
♦ "I weighed one hundred eighty going in, and I came out weighing one
soft-hearted woman hundred fourteen...” (From Once Upon a Town, the Miracle of the North
she's a ~ Platte Canteen by the brilliant Chicago Tribune writer Bob Greene.)
♦ "There's no beer, no prostitutes and people are shooting at us. It's
character & personality: heart more like Portsmouth." (A British soldier, on hearing that the British
heart: hardness & softness defense secretary Geoff Hoon had asserted that Umm Qasr, Iraq, was
like Southampton.)
soil (fertile soil, etc.) ♦ "Camp Lejeune." (A US marine in Afghanistan, who had also served in
Iraq, on being asked where he felt the threat was most dire. Camp
fertile soil for the cultivation Lejeune is in North Carolina in the United States.)
Pakistan has proved to be ~ of terrorist activity ♦ “In combat, cleanliness for the infantryman was all but impossible. Our
filth added to our general misery. Fear and filth went hand in hand...”
perfect soil for a growing insurgency (With the Old Breed by E.B. Sledge.)
that chaos was the ~ (Iraq)
allegiance, support & betrayal / work & duty: military
growth & development: farming & agriculture / plant
soldier on (verb)
soil (on one's soil)
soldiered on
on its soil she and her mother ~ (in poverty, after divorce)
the government will protect foreign diplomats ~
soldier on without him
flaws & lack of flaws / strength & weakness / substance & future / message / time: magic / person / religion
lack of substance: equilibrium & stability / materials & person: magic / religion
substances sore (affliction)
Solomonic (adjective) running sore
Bloody Sunday became a ~ in the body politic (Ireland)
Solomonic choice
firefighters had to make a ~ (choose which fire to fight) affliction: health & medicine
Solomonic compromise sore (sensation)
supporters of the decision regarded it as a ~ (politics)
sore loser
Solomonic decision he's just a ~ (boxer complains of decision)
the three-judge panel made a ~
sore spot
Solomonic solution regional rivalries are a particular ~ (Central Asia)
she suggested a ~
haunted by the specter fate, fortune & chance: writing & spelling / verb
he is ~ of Hurricane Katrina future / time: religion / writing & spelling / verb