Nursing Biochemistry

Laboratory Report
Nursing Biochemistry
Laboratory Report

RATIONALE
Paragraph 1

This activity is crucial to expanding our understanding of the factors that affect enzymes. Enzymes are influenced
by a variety of conditions; the purpose of this exercise is to test and demonstrate if a concentration of enzymes will
react to various temperatures, pH levels, and the presence of activators or inhibitors, allowing us to understand
enzymes better

This activity is helpful in the field of medicine because it deals with enzymes. Enzymes are used in medicine to
identify illnesses, and if patients have digestive issues, they are advised to take enzyme supplements to aid with
digestion. Enzymes also play a crucial role in physiological processes taking place throughout the body.

The following are the objectives for this activity:

1. To explain the reaction of enzymes to certain temperatures.

2. To determine if certain enzymes have presence of peptide bonds.
3. Distinguish the presence of reducing sugars in coenzymes.

DATA INTERPRETATION

Table No. 1 Temperature

Time Interval (min) Color with Iodine

10 ͦ C 40 ͦ C 60 ͦ C

Change to color black

5 Dark brown No Reaction/ No changes

Light yellow
10 Brown Light yellow color

Color Yellow
15 Brown Dark yellow

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Natural Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Ateneo de Zamboanga University
Nursing Biochemistry
Laboratory Report

Yellow
20 Light brown Light yellow w/ pink circle

Dark yellow
25 Light brown Light Yellow

Dark yellow
30 Dark brown No reaction/ No changes

Interpretation: As the temperature rises the starch begins to break down resulting to the change of
colors, as the samples reach 40 ͦ C one sample became black resulting to a chemical reaction which means
there are still presence of starch and at 60 ͦ C there where no changes which determines that starchamylose is
not present.

Table No. 2 pH

Extent of Digestion Result with Biuret Test

1. Egg white + Pepsin +

2mm lower than the mark Shade of Violet
0.4% HCL

2. Egg white + Pepsin + 1mm Shade of Violet

0.4 Na2CO3

3. Egg white + Panceatin No change/Same height Very pale violet

+ 0.4% HCL

4. Egg white + Pancreatin 2mm Pale violet

+ 0.4% Na2CO3

Interpretation: In test tube 1 the egg white coagulant where 2mm lower than the mark, which means that
some proteins were broke down same on test tube 2 and for test tube 3 it remains on its mark, while test
tube 4 was 2mm above which indicates the proteins thickening up. All the samples gave a positive result
in Buiret Test which means peptide bonds are present.

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Natural Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Ateneo de Zamboanga University
Nursing Biochemistry
Laboratory Report

Table No. 3 Coenzyme

Result with Benedict’s Test

1. 5% Sucrose + Distilled Water Negative Result

2. 5% Sucrose + Supernatant Liquid Gives a positive result

3. 5% Sucrose + Residue Gives a negative result

4. 5% Sucrose + Supernatant Liquid + Residue Gives a negative result

Interpretation: Only the test tube number 2 containing 5% Sucrose + Supernatant liquid gave a positive
result in the Benedict’s test which means that there are presence of reducing sugar, and the rest gave a
negative result which means the Residue and the Distilled water made a huge change on the samples.

ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
1. Why is the temperature of pasteurization 60 degrees Celsius?

=This thermal treatment destroys pathogenic microorganisms, most of the microorganisms that cause
spoilage and reduce enzymatic activity of food. The purpose is to increase both safety and shelf life of
treated products. This heat treatment usually uses temperatures between 60°C and 85°C.

2. Why are foods frozen at temperatures below zero?

=Freezing to 0 °F inactivates any microbes — bacteria, yeasts and molds — present in food ..... Since they
will then grow at about the same rate as microorganisms on fresh food, you must handle thawed items as
you would any perishable food. Trichina and other parasites can be destroyed by sub-zero freezing
temperatures.

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Natural Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Ateneo de Zamboanga University
 Nursing Biochemistry
Laboratory Report

3. What is the optimum pH for pepsin?

=Pepsin works in the highly acidic conditions of the stomach. It has an optimum pH of about 1.5.

4. What is the major protein-splitting enzyme in the pancreatin?

=Trypsin. Pancreatin with AMY2A and AMY2B genes is accompanied by trypsin, which digests
proteins, and lipase which digests lipids. Many commercial enzyme preparations are so constituted. It
performs best376 at pH 7.0–7.2 and between 30 and 50 °C. Pancreatin exhibits some selectivity in its
hydrolysis.

5. What is the cofactor found in yeast?

=Abstract. Yeast cytochrome c peroxidase (CcP) is a heme enzyme that reduces hydroperoxides using the
electrons provided by its physiological partner cytochrome c (Cc)

CONCLUSION

The purpose of the test was to see how the enzymes would respond to various temperatures and other
factors. Each test produced very accurate results, such as the enzymes' response to temperature, which
produced a black color that indicated the presence of starch, while the Buiret Test for peptide bonds
revealed that all of the coagulants broke down some proteins while leaving one intact, and only test tube 2
produced a positive result for the enzyme test.

REFERENCES

Hozer, B. (n.d.). Pasteurization. Retrieved June 30, 20222, from

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answers/food-safety-fact-sheets/safe-food-handling/freezing-and-food-safety/ct_index

Libretexts, C. (2022, June 30). 3.7: The Effect of pH on Enzyme Kinetics. Retrieved September 15, 2020,
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Tomasik, P., & Horton, D. (n.d.). Pancreatin. Retrieved June 30, 2022, from

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Natural Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Ateneo de Zamboanga University
Nursing Biochemistry
Laboratory Report

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/pancreatin

AN;, S. (2014, July 22). Cofactor-dependent structural and binding properties of yeast cytochrome C
peroxidase. Retrieved September 15, 2020, from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24964148/

Aryal, S. (2020, May 04). Biuret Test for Protein: Biochemistry. Retrieved September 03, 2020, from
https://microbenotes.com/biuret-test-for-protein/

Speight, G. (2017). Environmental Inorganic Chemistry for Engineers

Lennard, C. (2005). FORENSIC SCIENCES | Fingerprint Techniques. Encyclopedia of Analytical

Science, 414-423. doi:10.1016/b0-12-369397-7/00200-4

Perrett, D., & Nayuni, N. (2014). Efficacy of current and novel cleaning technologies (ProReveal) for
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(n.d.). Retrieved September 03, 2020, from https://findanyanswer.com/will-methionine-give-a-positive-

result-for-the-sulfur-test

Department of Chemistry. (n.d.). Retrieved September 03, 2020, from

https://chem.washington.edu/lecture-demos/ninhydrin-reaction

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Natural Sciences Department, College of Science and Information Technology, Ateneo de Zamboanga University