MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERINGBY

Bhaskar Paul Reg no.- D202116550

Debesh Patra Reg no.- D212220668
Sudip Das Reg no.- D202100185
Samman Saha Reg no.- D202103155
Rohit Kamley Reg no.- D212220671
Abir Chokroborty Reg no.- D202103117
Rana Chand Reg no.-D202103151

Under Supervision of
Mr. Satyaban Basuri
(Duration:05th December,2022-30th March,2023)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

RAMAKRISHNA MISSION SILPAPITHA

Approved by West Bengal State Council of Technical Education and All India
Council of Technical Education

Major Project on Fabrication of 12V

BatteryChanger

Remarks Signature
 INDEX
SL NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO.
1. Objectives

1.1 Uses

1.2 Classification

1.3 Targeted Area

2 Analysis

3 Hardware Selection

4 Circuit Diagram

5 Enclosure Diagram

6 Finished Product Picture

7 Bill of Materials

8 Conclusion

9 Bibliography
  OBJECTIVE

 Uses

 Charging the battery in a car or other vehicle. If the battery is dead or

low on power, a 12V battery charger can be used to bring it back to life.
 Charging the battery in a boat or other watercraft. Boats often have
multiple batteries, and a 12V charger can be used to keep them all
charged and ready to go.
 Charging the battery in an RV or camper. Like boats, many RVs have
multiple batteries that need to be kept charged in order to power
appliances and other devices.
 Charging the battery in a lawnmower or other outdoor equipment.
Lawnmowers, weed eaters, and other outdoor equipment often run on
12V batteries that need to be charged regularly.
 Charging the battery in a motorcycle or scooter. Smaller vehicles like
motorcycles and scooters can be charged using a 12V battery charger.
 Charging the battery in an ATV or other off-road vehicle. Off-road
vehicles like ATVs and dirt bikes often have 12V batteries that can be
charged using a charger.
 Charging the battery in a portable generator. Some portable generators
are powered by 12V batteries that can be charged using a charger.
 Charging and maintaining the battery in a backup power system. With a
variable 12V charger, you can adjust the charging voltage to the specific
needs of your backup power system's battery, which can help prolong its
lifespan and keep it performing at its

1.2 CLASSIFICATION:-
 By type-
1. LM317 Working Principle

 By Application-
1. Industrial
2. Commercial
1.3-TARGETED AREAS:-
 Charging car batteries.
 Charging marine batteries.
 Charging RV batteries
 Charging batteries for solar panels

2. ANALYSIS

 INTRODUCTION
The use of batteries as a source of energy is ubiquitous in modern society.
From powering our portable devices to propelling our cars, batteries have
become an essential part of our daily lives. However, batteries are not infinite
sources of energy and require recharging to maintain their functionality. This is
where battery chargers come into play, providing a means to recharge
batteries efficiently and safely. Among the various types of battery chargers
available, the 12V battery charger is a popular and versatile option, capable of
charging and maintaining the batteries of a wide range of devices, from cars
and boats to power tools and portable electronics. In this lab report, we will
explore the functionality of 12V battery chargers, their advantages, limitations,
and applications, and analyze the results of a series of tests performed on a
selected 12V battery charger to assess its performance and effectiveness.

 THEORY:
A 12V battery charger is designed to provide a controlled flow of electric
current to a 12-volt battery in order to recharge it. The process of charging a
battery involves reversing the chemical reactions that occur during discharging,
which involves converting the chemical energy stored in the battery into
electrical energy that can be used to power devices. The charging process
essentially involves passing an electric current through the battery in the
opposite direction to the discharging current.
12V battery chargers typically use a three-stage charging process that includes
bulk, absorption, and float charging. During the bulk charging stage, the
charger supplies a high current to the battery until its voltage reaches a certain
threshold, which typically ranges from 14.2V to 14.8V. Once the battery
reaches this threshold, the charger switches to the absorption charging stage,
where it maintains a constant voltage while gradually reducing the charging
current. This stage is designed to top up the battery and ensure that all the
cells are fully charged. Finally, during the float charging stage, the charger
supplies a low, maintenance-level current to the battery to keep it charged and
prevent self-discharge.

One key feature of 12V battery chargers is their ability to detect when a
battery is fully charged and automatically shut off or switch to a maintenance
mode to prevent overcharging, which can damage the battery. This is typically
achieved using voltage and current sensing circuits that monitor the battery's
state of charge and adjust the charging current and voltage accordingly.

Overall, the ability of 12V battery chargers to efficiently and safely recharge
12-volt batteries has made them a popular and essential tool for a wide range
of applications, from automotive to industrial and consumer electronics
3. HARDWARE SELECTION:
1. Battery.

ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS OF THIS PROJECT

1. Transformer
2. Toggle switch
3. Fuse
4. Led
5. Lm317
6. Voltmeter
7. Diode
8. Capacitor
9. Banana jack
10. Crocodile Clip
11. 10k pot

BLOCK DIAGRAM

VOLTAGE LM317
TRANSFORMER CONVERTER CONTROL
INPUT

STEP DOWN DC/AC

REGULATED

BATTERY OUTPUT
VOLTAGE
 4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

TO
BATTERY

5. ENCLOUSER DIGRAM

-
220V AC
INPUT ENCLOUSER BOX +

12V DC
OUTPUT
6. FINISHED PRODUCT PICTURE
 7. BILL OF MATERIALS
NAME OF THE COMPONENT QUANTITIES PRICE
TRANSFORMER 1 115

TOGGLE SWITCH 1 10

FUSE 1 10

LED 1 1

RESISTANCE 3 3

LM317 1 8

HEAT SINK 1 1

VOLTMETER 1 90

DIODE 4 8

CAPACITOR 1 15

BANANA JACK 4 20

10K VARIABLE RESISTANCE 1 15

CROCODILE CLIP 2 10

SCREWS 4 4

CARDBOARD 1 40

PRINTOUT - 15

TOTAL 365
 CONCLUSION
Based on the findings presented in this lab report, it can be concluded that the
12V battery charger is an essential tool for maintaining the performance and
longevity of batteries. Through a series of tests and measurements, it was
demonstrated that the charger was able to effectively charge and maintain a
12V battery, ensuring that it remained at a consistent voltage and was able to
deliver reliable power when needed.

It was also found that the charging process was influenced by a variety of
factors, including the temperature of the battery and the charging rate
selected. These factors must be taken into consideration when using a 12V
battery charger to ensure that the battery is charged safely and efficiently.

Overall, the results of this lab report highlight the importance of using a high-
quality, reliable 12V battery charger for maintaining the performance and
lifespan of batteries. By following proper charging procedures and monitoring
the charging process, users can ensure that their batteries are always ready to
deliver reliable power when needed.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
The following Websites & Videos are referred during the analysis and
Execution phase of the project
1. https://www.studocu.com/row/document/university-of-engineering-and-
technology-taxila/engineering-economics/lab-report-to-build-a-transformer-
that-can-charge-a-battery-upto-12-v/9291959

2. https://youtu.be/rkNZwq1CtqY