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61 views13 pagesPhysics Formula Class 12th
Class 12th physics formula for students
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
61 views13 pagesPhysics Formula Class 12th
Class 12th physics formula for students
Uploaded by
Abhinav SharmaCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 13
FaKo
Force
PHYSICS occ
IMPORTANT FORMULAE
1, ELECTROSTATICS GIST
B.No.| FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATION
1 Q=4+Ne Q= Charge, N = Number of | Quantization of charges
= Charge particle
2. Qa, Q1, Q2 are point charges F=| To find force between tow
point charges
E = Electric field
k= ql r= distance
£o= Absolute permittivity
Relation between F and E
Electric field due toa
point charge.
f dscosp | 48 = small area
Electric Flux
To find electric flux
Gauss Theorem
B= kk Asq= Anko
E=o/€y
d) inside the shell : E=0
th Ww. = potential difference | To find the potential
w, /,=Electric potentail at A | gitference using Work
AVE, -Vy2 V,=Electric potentail at B_ | done trom a point A to a
q g=charge point B
8. mea a Electric potential due
Vekoe k= toa point charge
4n €
r= distance
9. P= dipole moment Electric potential due
dipole
10. dV/dr=potential gradient | Relation between electric
field and potential
11. U= Potential Energy Potential energy of a
W= Work done system of two point
harges
rn 2 he Filed intensity due to
12. 3 1 linear charge density] Fled intensly due to
2n€o R uniformly charged wire
13. | a) outside the shel: = radius of Gaussian Filed intensity du to
4 surface (outside the shell) | uniformly charged
Seka Reradius of shell spherical shell
b) on the shell o =surface charge permittivity
30
Downloaded from www.studiestodav.com PHYSICS
__S&@
E = Electric field
Field intensity due to thin
3
Eros Ey= electric permittivity | infinite plane sheet of
charge
C = 4neor ‘C=capacitance Capactty of isolated
r=radius of conductor spherical conductor
aA Az area of plates Capacitance of a parallel
c= d= distance between the | plate capacitor
d plates
Grouped capacitors: ‘C= equivalent capacitancd| To calculate equivalent
a) In series. in series capacitance of a circuit
aor C “equivalent capastance
note parallel
b) In parallel:
C,=C,+C,4C,
u
lectrostatic energy
stored in capacitor
Energy stored in a
capacitor
2¢€
1 E = electric field strength | Energy density of a
Uss & 6
z parallel plate capacitor
Gut Gv V= Common potential | To find Common
v= oG potential due to shat
charge
Cy(V; — Vy)? | E:-E, Loss fo energy Loss of energy due si
gz SS charges
2(C, + C2)
=t+h K= dielectric constant | Relation between
x= electric susceptibility | dielectric constant &
electric susceptibility
c t =thickness of slab Capacitance of parallel
d=distance between the
plates
C,=capacitance
plate capacitor with
Conducting slab in
between
K=dielectric constant
Capacitance of parallel
plate capacitor with
dielectric slab in between,
31 PHYSICS
__ a
25.
Values of Different quantities after Introducing dielectric slab between the plates
of the charged capacitor
Description | When Battery connected _| When Battery disconnected
Charge KQ Qo
Potential Vo VIK
difference
Electric E, EvK
field
Capacitance} KC, KCo
Energy Ktimes tee [Energy | 1/K time tee [Energy
is supplied By battery _| used for Polarization harge of electron
PHYSICS =”
Unit-2 : CURRENT ELECTRICITY
S.No. FORMULAE SYMBOLS ‘APPLICATION
Q_ ne current, Q=charged, t=time, | To find the current in a
current carrying wire.
V= IR (Ohms law)
‘tential difference,
esistance
Relation between V
and |
neAV, \V,=Drift Velocity Relation between
iceesnumbet euead of rea of cross section current and drift velocity
e electron
ol. mt R = Resistance , p = Resistivity | Relation between
Rs Geo relaxation time, m= mass of| ()) R and A(ii) R and
electron
=charge of electron’
p =conductance,
relaxation time
Relation for resistivity
and relaxation time
C=conducatine,o =conductivity|
To find C and o
Relation between j with
V, and j with E
we Yeet
ow
= mobility of electron
To find wfrom V,
P= pol 1+a(T-To)]
= temperature coefficient of
resistance
Variation of P with
temperature
ue)
T,-T, = temperature difference
Formula for a
R=R +R +R +
YR, = IR, + UR, + UR, +.
R, = equivalent resistance in
series combination
R, = equivalent resistance in
‘series combination
Series combination
Parallel combination
P=VIZPREVIR
P = electrical power
Relation for P with V, | and R.
E=Velr=1(R+r)
E = emf of cell,
Relation for E and V
(V=E-Ir T= intemal resistance () Current is drawn
(VEE + Ir V = Potential difference (i) cell is being charged
re(4- aR = internal resistance To find internal resistance
4 R= Extemal resistance by potentiometer
nk
em)
umber of cells in series.
R= External resistance
Current drawn when n cells
fare connected in series
33 PHYSICS =<
12 m= number of cells in parallel | Current drawn when n cells
eer) are connected in parallel
mn muviberotrowe For max. current the
* GnRanr) \umber of cells in each row] &Xternal resistance must be
equal to the total internal
resistance
31 = 0 (loop rule)
zaV = 0 (junction rule)
Zialgebralc sum of charge
3V algebraic sum of potential
difference
Kirchhoff s law
P,Q, R, S are resistences in fou
arms of Wheatstone Bridge
| Balanced condition of
Wheatstone Bridge
'S = Unknown resistance
Working condition for
R= Known resistance Wheatstone Bridge
VEKL Potential drop a wire Principle of Potentiometer
= Balancing length Cell.
23
E, and E,, emf of two cells
|, and |, balancing length
Comparison of ems of two!
cell.
FORMULAE
SYMBOLS
Biot - Savart Law
Ho Lal sind
cB
dB = magnetic field at a point at
distance r due to a current element|
Ho = permeability of free space
1 = current through wire
= angle between current elemen
idl and position vector r.
To find magnetic field at d
point due to current elements
To find magnetic field due to
a sttaight conductor.
Magnetic field at centre, x = 0}
tig iq | 8= magnetic field due to a circular
Be coilof N tums at distance X from its gM
2(a2+ x? jz | center. ay
a= Radius of coil
We NT B= magnetic field magnetic field due to a
a 1 = perpendicular straight conductor of infinite
distance from wire to
point of observation.
length
“Ampere’s circultal
law
$B. a =p!
$8. aI’ =Line integral of
magnetic field in a closed path
magnetic field due to a
solenoid B= Ho NI
F=q(0x B)
F=B qv sind
Force 0
V= velocity of charge particle
charge of the particle
Force acting on a charge
particle in magnetic field Downloaded from www.studiestoday.com
xe
PHYSICS =
caer
FeqlE + (0x B))
Force on charged particle in
simultaneous Electric and
magnetic fields
Lorentz force
1 oer
Fettx 5 F = Magnetic force on a current | To find force acting on a
=t{Lx B) carrying conductor of length |_| current carrying conductor
F=BILSin® B = magnetic field. ina magnetic field
Fomehk © = Force per unit length between | Force per unit length
" two parallel current carrying |,
and |, = distance between the
conductors.
between two parallel
current carrying
conductors,
T= BINA Sin ®
‘T= torque experienced by a
current loop of area A in
magnetic field B
N = Number of turns of coil
current
magnetic field due to a
straight conductor of
infinite length
hunt required,
jalvanometer Resistance,
Conversion fo
Galvanometer
‘y= maximum current through | into Ammeter.
galvanometer
(0-i) = range of ammeter
= R=high resistance in series __| Conversion fo
R= Wiig) -G Galvanometer
into Voltmeter.
= radius of circular path in
magnetic field
To find the radius &
circular path of ch
particle moving
perpendicular to the
magnetic field
v = Cyclotron frequency
To find the frequency
of cyclotron SE
PHYSICS ae ee
weneaar
Unit-4 : ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND ALTERNATING CURRENT
FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATION
ae # = induced emf. Faraday's law of
ae electromagnetic
induction ©
Bly B = magnetic field Motional emt
v= velocity
metal rod of length
V=%BuP V = emf developed To find emf developed
between the ends of the rod. | between the end of the rod
= angular velocity rotating in the magnetic field.
length of the rod
=LI © = Magnetic flux Relation between and L
L = Self-inductance of the coil
Lai/at L = Self-inductance of the coil] To find self-induced emf
ina coil
=-Muzdl/dt | M,=Coefficient of mutual | Self-induced of a solenoid
inductance
dl/dt=Rate of charge of
current in th secondary coll
Mo NAL Hr = Realtive permeability Equation of a.c generat
Ho = permeability of free space
n =no of tums of the solenoid
A = area of the solenoid
= length of the solenoid
é=nBAwsinut | n=no of turns of the solenoid] Equation of a. c generator
(w =2nv) B= magnetic fleld
A= area of the solenoid
v= frequency of AC
U = Energy stored in inductor | To find energy stored in the
inductor in its magnetic field. S@
PHYSICS. SS
‘esther en
Unit-5 ; ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.
FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATION
cis the speed of To find speed of e.m.
1 electromagnetic Nvaveln vacuurn
co wave in vacuum
Moto ermeability constant and
is the permittivity constant
1 vis the speed of To find speed of
v= electromagnetic wave in electromagnetic wave in
HE material medium material medium
Laws ata glance ;
1. $RdA=O/ 4 (Gauss's Law for electricity)
$Bdan0 (Gauss's Law for magnetism)
econ
fener (Faraday's Law)
‘
$Betdm Hh + He SE (Ampere - Maxwell Law)
Unit-6 ; RAY OPTICS
FORMULAE SYMBOLS APPLICATIONS.
a_i U- object distance To find focal length of
tone v- image distance, mirror
uf f- focal length of the mirror
m = magnification To find magnification
m is negative for real images
and +ve for virtual images.
gle of prism To find refractive index
refractive index of prism
ny
ni = refractive index of medium
D,, = angle of minimum deviation,
Radius of curvature To find Rad. of
image distance, curvature of lens
= object distance PHYSICS ae
FORMULAE ‘SYMBOL APPLICATION
R,, R, = Radius of curvature Lens makers formula
1 focal length of the lens To find focal length of
1, n, = Refractive index of lens
medium 1 and respectively
1 effective focal legnth of To find effective focal
combination length of combination
f,, fy f= focal length of each lens in | of lenses
contact.
Lyd m: magnifying power of a compound | To find magnifying
m=—X— microscope power of a compound
fo fe f, = focal length of objective
focal length of eyepiece
Distance between objective
lens and eye lens
m: magnifying power of a telescope | To find magnifyin
mba te . Youu! ienath of objective c power of alelescope
«i, f, = focal length of yaplace
{b= angle subtended atthe eye
y the image
«.= angle subtended at the eye
by the object
WAVE OPTICS
FORMULAE SYMBOL APPLICATIONS
he tani, = relative refractive index of | To find refractive index
the denser medium of the material
i, = polarizing angle.
t= Lcos?0 |, = intensity of light passing _| To find intensity of light
through the polarizer,
= angie between polarizer
and analyzer.
(= fringe width To find fringe width for
‘A= wavelength of light interference fringes
D
istance between the slits
and the screen
d= distance between the lists PHYSICS.
SE
esti en
threshold frequency
hreshold wavelength
+ * = wavelength of light used, | To find width of central
D = distance between the slits maxima for diffraction
and the screen fringes
w= width of central maxima in
diffraction
5. Imax _ (a+ by Imax = Max. intensity To find ratio of max. and
Imin -(a-by” | Imin= Min. intensity min. intensity
a, b = respective amplitudes
UNIT 7 : DUAL NATURE OF MATTER
S.No. FORMULAE | SYMBOL APPLICATIONS
Jan ean ven 2 nergy of photon, To find the energy of photon|
constant, v = frequency
2 |w,=hy=hel a work function Relation between work
function and V.,
Maximum kinetic energy
litted electrons
maximum velocity
harge of electron
stopping potential
Einstein’s photoelectric
equation,
Relation between maxi
kinetic energy and sto
potential
2. = wave length of matter wave
h = Plank's constant
De Broglie wavelength for
matter wave:
E= kinetic energy
\V = accelerating potential
pete at
Relation between and E, V
-1227 a9] V = accelerating potential
as}
De Broglie wavelegth for
electron EN
PHYSICS See
UNIT 8 : ATOMS AND NUCLEI
FORMULAE SYMBOL APPLICATIONS
= kazet keg 2 = Atomic number of
ron Adzat | i dat Atmicrumber et, [ond te detance of coset
mv v= velocity of electron.
b = kZe%coto/2 | b= impact parameter To find the impact parameter
eer @ = scattering angle
inv’
= te Ty = Radius of n” orbit Bohr’ radius (2 =1,n =1) 1, =
0° Gramaze® 0.538
2akze? s 2d . a =
= V 5 spect of an electron inn” | —<— <= speed of light
xe» Bttmutztet | E, = Total energy of electron in| En = - 4 Total energy of
mene n° orbit. electron in nth orbit for
hydrogen.
= aa_,Z=Atomic number | Kinetic energy of electron
of element Relation between K. E. and total.
energy
= Total Energy Potential energy of electro:
Relation between P.E. and}
energy
Wave number
A= Wavelength of emitted
radiation.
R= Rydberg's constant
Ry= 1.2% 10m Relation between Radius of
nucleus and mass number
P= Nuclear density, Relation between binding
m = average energy and mass defect.
mass of a nucleon,
BeAme E, = Binding Energy Relation between binding
Am = mass defect energy and mass defect.
Tam.u. = 931.5 Mev
aN AN # = Rate of dacay of radio | Relation active decay law
a active substances
2 = decay constant
N=Ne% N, = Number of radioactive | N = Number of active nuclei left
nuclei present intially after time t.
Tin =0.693 T,, = halflife of a radioctive | To find half life period
X substance PHYSICS.
Se
N= No(%)"
>
AN
NO = Number of radioactive
nuclei present initially
R = activity of a radioactive
sample
Number of radioactive nuclei left
Ina sample after n half-lives.
Relation between R and A
T = Mean life.
Te 144 Ty
UNIT 9 : ELECTRONIC DEVICES
FORMULAE ‘SYMBOL ‘APPLICATIONS
Te My 1, = free electron density Intrinsic semiconductors
ne
