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IS 11999 (2007): Method for determination of plastic strain

ratio 'r' for steel metals [MTD 3: Mechanical Testing of
Metals]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

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है”
ह
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 IS 11999:2007
1s010113 :1991

Wwlkl
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(Wa7 @im )
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Indian Stan@mi’
I

P
METHOD FOR DETE MIN ~TlOl$l OF PLASTIC
STRAIN RA~10 ‘r’ OR li@!ET
,. -.’ METALS
(First kevisibn )’. ‘

Ics 77.040.10

0 BIS 2007
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

,,
June 2007 Price Group 2
Mechanical Testing of Metals Sectional Committee, MTD 3

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (First Revision) which is identical with ISO 10113:1991 ‘Metallic materials —
Sheet and strip — Determination of plastic strain ratio’ issued by the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation of the
Mechanical Testing of Metals Sectional Committee and approval of the Metallurgical Engineering Division
Council.

This standard was originally published in 1987. This revision of the standard has been taken up to
align it with ISO 10113:1991 by adoption under dual numbering system.

The text of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standard without
deviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards. Attention
is particularly drawn to the following:

a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this star&rd, they should
be read as ‘Indian Standard’. ,., ”
b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal mar~er @Me in !ndkq q, UM -
!.
practice is to use a point (.) as the decimal m~’ ker. , ,,,.. ‘~. -,.
,,
In this adopted standard, reference appears to certain Interns ipn~~~~ ~fan Star&@s
also exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are o be 8-,* tt#t’ places are listed
below along with their degree of equivalence for the editiori incU@@ ,, ~ ‘ .
,,’
International Standard Corresponding } @an SiM&@ Degree of
~ ~~ .
Equivalence

ISO 6892 : 1984 Metallic IS 1608:2005 Metallid materiafs —Tensile Technically

materials — Tensile testing testing at ambient temperature (third Equivalent
revision)

1s0 7500-1 : 1988 Metallic IS 1828 (Part 1) :2005 Metallic materials do

materials — Verification of static — Verification of static uniaxial testing
uniaxial testing machines — machines: Part 1 Tension/compression
Part 1 : Tensile testing machines testing machines — Verification of
calibration of the force-measuring system
(third revision)

1s0 9513 : 1989 Metallic ISO 12872 : 1990 Metallic materials — Identical
materials — Verification of Verification of extensometers used in
extensometers used in uniaxial uniaxial testing
testing

In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordance with this standard, if the final value,
observed or calculated, is to be rounded off, it shall be done in accordance with IS 2:1960 ‘Rules for
rounding off numerical values (revised)’.
 IS 11999:2007
1s0 10113:1991

Indian Standard
METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF PLASTIC
STRAIN RATIO ‘r’ FOR SHEET METALS
( First Revision)

1 Scope ‘b is the true width strain.

The above expression is only valid in the region

This International Standard specifies a method for
where the plastic strain is homogeneous.
determining the plastic strain ratio of flat products
(sheet and strip) made of metallic materials. Since it is easier to measure changes in length than
changes in thickness, the following relationship de-
rived from the law of constancy of volume before
2 Normative references and after plastic strain is used to calculate the plas-
tic strain ratio r
The following standards contain provisions which,
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
of this International Standard. At the time of publi-
cation, the editions indicated were valid. All stan-
r=
In
()
~

Lb
dards are subject to revision, and parties to
‘n (–) l@bO
agreements based on this International Standard
are encouraged to investigate the possibility of ap-
In addition to the calculated value of r, the orien-
plying the most recent editions of the standards in-
dicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain tation of the test piece relative to the rolling direc-
registers of currently valid International Standards. tion, as well as the strain level, shall be stated. For
example: rd5i20(see table 1).
ISO 6892:1984, Mefallic materials – Tensile festing. For some materials exhibiting a phase change dur-
ing plastic deformation, the volume of the measured
ISO 7500-1:1986, Meia//ic materials — Verification of
section cannot always be assumed constant. In such
static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1: Tensile cases, the formula to be applied shall be agreed,
testing machines,
prior to testing, between the interested parties and
shall be stated in the test report,
ISO 9513:1989, Metallic materials — Verification of
extensometers used in uniaxial testing.
3.2 weighted average plastic strain ratio, 7: The
weighted average of the rxlYvalues for different test
3 Definitions piece orientations, calculated using the formula

;= rO+ r90+ 2r45

For the purposes of this International Standard, the
following definitions apply, 4

3.1 plastic strain ratio, E The ratio of the true width 3.3 degree of planar anisotropy, An A coefficient
strain and true thickness strain in a test piece that calculated using the formula
has been submitted to uniaxial tensile stress:
Ar = ~ (rO+ r90– 2r45)
r=— ‘b

‘a
For some materials, other test piece orientations
where may be chosen, in which case formulae other than
those given in 3.2 and 3.3 will have to be used.
‘a is the true thickness strain; These formulae shall be given in the test report.

1
IS 11999:2007
ISO1O1I3:I99I

4 Symbols 7 Test piece

The meaninas of the symbols used in this inter- 7.1 The test piece shall be obtained in accordance
national Sta;dard are gi;en in table 1
with the requirements of the relevant product stan-
dard or, if not specitled therein, as agreed between
Table 1 the interested parties.
—
Symbol Meaning Unit The type of test piece and its preparation, Including
the machining tolerances, the tolerances on shape
bO Original gauge width of the test piece mm and’ the marking of the original gauge length, shall
be as defined in !S0 6892, but” within the gauge
b Gauge width of the test piece after
straining to a specified elongation mm
length the edges shall be suMciently close to paral-
lel far no two width measurements to differ by more
14 Original gauge length mm
than 0,1 ?O of the, mean of ali the width measure-
L Gauge length after straining to a metits.
specified elongation mm

r Plastic strain ratio —

7.2 The test piece thickness shali be the full sheet
r
XIY
Plastic strain ratio in x-direction (in thickness unless otherwise specified,
degrees) relative to the rolling direc-
tion at a strain level of y ?40 —

~ 1) Weighted average Of rXIYvalues — 7.3 The surface of the test piece shall not be dam-
.
aged by scratches, etc.
Ar Degree of planar anisotropy
—
S* True thtckness strain
‘b True width strain — 8 Procedure

1) In some countries rmis used instead of F. 8.1 The test is normaliy carried out at ambient
temperature between 10 “C and 35 “C. Tests carried
out under controlled conditions shall be made at a
temperature of 23 “C + 5 “C.

8.2 itthe strain measurements are made manu-

ally, the original width of the test piece shall be
5 Principie measured at least at three points evenly distributed
along the gauge length, including one measurement
A test piece is subjected to a tensile test to a speci-
at each end of the gauge iength. The mean vaiue of
fied strain level and the plastic strain ratio r calcu-
these width measurements shail be used in calcu-
lated from measurements of the changes in length
lating the piastic strain ratio.
and width. The orientation of the test piece relative
to the rolling direction, and the strain level for which
the values of r are determined, are as specified in 8.3 If the measurements are made automatically,
the relevant product standard. the original gauge length and the width at ieast at
one measurement point shali be measured using an
extensometer of class 1, as defined in iSO 9513, or
better.

8.4 The test speed, i.e. the speed of separation of

6 Test equipment the crossheads of the machine, shall not exceed

The tensile testing machine used shall comply with 50 0/0 of L= per minute
the requirements of ISO 6892 and ISO 7500-1.
where LC is the length of the parallei-sided portion
The device(s) used for determining the changes in of the test piece.
gauge length and gauge width shall be capable of
measuring to within + 0,01 mm and + 0,005 mm,
8.5 Mount the test piece in the grips of the testing
respectively.
machine and, keeping the test speed within the limit
Where extensometers are used, they shall be specifted in 8.4,
ciass 1, as defined in ISO 9513, or better.
a) either appiy the force required to achieve the
The method of gripping the test piece shali be as strain ievel specified in the relevant product
specified in ISO 6892. standard (manuai determination),

2
 IS 11999:2007
1s0 10113:1991

b) or apply the force required to determine width 9 Expression of results

values at the strain level specified in the relevant
product standard (automatic determination). 9.1 For a manual determination, calculate the
plastic strain ratio, the weighted average of the
8.6 in the case of manual determination, after re- plastic strain ratio for different test piece orien-
moving the force measure the gauge length L and tations, and the degree of planar anisotropy using
gauge width b in the same manner and to the same the formulae given in 3.!, 3.2 and 3.3.
tolerances as for the original gauge length and ori-
ginal gauge width. 9.2 For an automatic determination, the automatic
tensile testing machine and data processing pro-
8.7 In the case of automatic determination, the gramme give the plastic strain ratio, the weighted
measurements of length and width at the specified average of the plastic strain ratio for different test
strain level shall be made using an extensometer piece orientations, and the degree of planar
as specified in clause 6. anisotropy directly.

8.8 If the test piece shows any transverse bow (see 9.3 The calculated values of the plastic strain ratio
figure 1), which could influence the test results, the shall be reported to the nearest 0,05.
test shall be considered invalid and a new test shall
be carried out. 9.4 Manual and automatic determinations may
give different results. In the case of significant dif-
ferences, the manual determination shall be con-
sidered the reference method.
1
10 Test report

The test report shall include the following informa-

tion:

\\ t--Transverse bow
a) a reference to this International Standard;

b) identification of material tested;

c) the method used (manual or automatic);

Figure 1 — Transverse bow in a test piece d) the type of test piece used;
I

e) the orientation of the test piece relative to the

‘1
1’
rolling direction;
j 8.9 If the plastic strain is not homogeneous, the
! test results shall be considered invalid and a new f-l the strain level at which the measurements were
test shall be carried out. made;
I
9) the test results;
!
h) the formulae used to calculate 7 and Ar if differ-
ent from the formulae given in 3,2 and 3,3.

3
Bureau of Indian Standards

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harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of
goods and attending to connected matters in the country.

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designations. Enquiries relating to copyright be addressed to the Director (Publication), BIS.

Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also
reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that
no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision.
Users of Indian Standards should ascertain that they are in possession of the latest amendments or
edition by referring to the latest issue of ‘BIS Catalogu$’ anqf‘Standards: Monthly Additions’.
‘1
This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot: V,o. mm 9@@fl).
.,1 :..’;: .~,
....,;
<,,.,.
Amendments Issued Sinc e‘~t”
.,.,,, ,:h:-
.,
~,
Amend No. Date of Issue Text ,Affected

,,

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