Chapter 5

Sequences and Series

SECTION - A
Objective Type Questions (One option is correct)]

[Arithmetic Progression]
1. If general term of a sequence is n(n + 1)(2n + 1), then its 5 th term is
(1) 110 (2) 155 (3) 330 (4) 420

2. If general term of an A.P. is 2n + 5, then its common difference is

(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 5 (4) 7
3. If 6 th and 12 th term of an A.P. are 13 and 25 respectively, then its 20 th term is
(1) 37 (2) 39 (3) 41 (4) 43

4. If a, b, c, d, e, f are in A.P., then e – c is equal to

(1) d – c (2) 2(d – c) (3) 2(c – a) (4) c – b

5. The m th term of an A.P. is n and n th term is m. Its p th term is

(1) m – n + p (2) n + p – m (3) m + n – p (4) m + n + p

6. If 8 th term of an A.P. is 15, then the sum of first 15 terms is

(1) 180 (2) 210 (3) 225 (4) 240

7. If a1, a2, a3, … are in A.P. such that a1 + a5 + a10 + a15 + a20 + a24 = 225, then a1 + a2 + a3 + …+ a24 is
equal to
(1) 600 (2) 900 (3) 1200 (4) 1800

8. The first and last terms of an A.P. are 1 and 7. If the sum of its terms is 36, then the number of terms will
be

(1) 6 (2) 7 (3) 8 (4) 9

 9. An A.P. has common difference 2, sum of first n terms 49 and 7 th term 13. The value of n is equal to

(1) 5 (2) 6 (3) 7 (4) 8

10. If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. is 2n 2 + 5n, then its n th term is

(1) 3n – 5 (2) 4n – 3 (3) 4n + 3 (4) 3n + 5

11. The sum of all two digit odd numbers is

(1) 2375 (2) 2475 (3) 2560 (4) 4920
12. The number of numbers lying between 81 and 1792 which are divisible by 17 is
(1) 105 (2) 107 (3) 109 (4) 101

13. Three numbers are in A.P. such that their sum is 24 and sum of their squares is 200. The numbers are
(1) 2, 8, 14 (2) 4, 8, 12 (3) 6, 8, 10 (4) 5, 8, 11
14. The sum to p terms of an A.P. is q and the sum to q terms is p. The sum to p + q terms is
(1) – (p + q) (2) 0 (3) p – q (4) p + q

3  5  7  to n terms
15. If = 7, then n is equal to
5  8 11 to 10 terms

(1) 35 (2) 36 (3) 37 (4) 38

16. If n A.M.’s are inserted between 3 and 17 such that the ratio of the last mean to the first mean is 3 : 1, then
the value of n is
(1) 4 (2) 6 (3) 8 (4) 9
17. Four numbers are in A.P. The sum of first and last is 8 and the product of both middle terms is 15. The least
among the four numbers is
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4
18. If the sum of three numbers in A.P is 27 and the product of first and last is 77, then the numbers are
7 51
(1) , , 22 (2) 6, 9, 12 (3) 7, 10, 11 (4) 7, 9, 11
2 4
19. If n A.M.’s are inserted between 2 and 38 such that the sum of the resulting series obtained is 200, then the
value of n is
(1) 6 (2) 8 (3) 10 (4) 12
20. If Sn denotes the sum to n terms of an A.P. whose first term is a and common difference is d, then
Sn + 3 – 3Sn + 2 + 3Sn + 1 – Sn is equal to

(1) –d (2) –a (3) 0 (4) 2a

1 1 1
21. If three positive numbers a, b, c are in A.P. and , , also in A.P., then
a2 b2 c 2
ac
(1) a = b = c (2) 2b = 3a + c (3) b 2 = (4) 2c = 2b + a
8
S3n
22. If Sn denotes the sum of first n terms of an A.P., and S2n = 3Sn then is equal to
Sn

(1) 4 (2) 5 (3) 6 (4) 7

23. Let Sn denotes the sum to n terms of an A.P. whose first term is a. If the common difference d is given by d
= Sn – kSn – 1 + Sn – 2, then k is equal to
(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4
24. If the first, second and last term of an A.P. are a, b and 2a respectively, then its sum is

ab ab 3ab 2ab
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2(b  a ) b a 2(b  a ) ab
25. If A1, A2 are two A.M.’s between two positive numbers a and b, then (2A1 – A2)(2A2 – A1) is equal to

ab a
(1) a + b (2) ab (3) a  b (4)
b
26. If tenth term of an A.P. is 19 and sum of first fifteen terms is 225 then fifth term of A.P. is
(1) 5 (2) 6 (3) 9 (4) 11

27. The maximum sum of the series 100 + 98 + 96 + .... is

(1) 2500 (2) 2550 (3) 2050 (4) 2555

28. Consider that 10 arithmetic means are inserted between 3 and 7 and their sum is a. Again consider that the sum
of five numbers in A.P. is 30 and the value of middle terms is b. Then a + b equals
(1) 16 (2) 56 (3) 46 (4) 36
1 1
29. Let tr denote the rth term of an A.P. Also suppose t m  and t n  , (m  n), for some positive integers
n m
m and n, then which of the following is necessarily a root of the equation ?
(l+m–2n)x 2 + (m+n–2l)x + (n+l–2m)=0
(1) tn (2) tm (3) tm + n (4) tmn

30. The sum of the first 100 terms common to the series 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, ...... and 16, 21, 26, 31, 36..... is
(1) 100101 (2) 111000 (3) 101100 (4) 110010

31. The fourth term of the G.P. 4, – 2, 1, … is

1 1 1
(1) (2) (3) –1 (4)
2 2 4

512
32. Which term of the G.P. 18, – 12, 8, … is ?
729
(1) 7 th (2) 9 th (3) 11th (4) 13 th

33. The third term of a G.P. is 3. The product of its first five terms is
(1) 81 (2) 243 (3) 729 (4) 343

34. If (2p) th term of a G.P. is q 2 and (2q) th term is p 2, then (p + q) th term is

1 2 2 1 3 3
(1) pq (2) p q (3) p 2q 2 (4) p q
2 4
35. If first and eighth terms of a G.P. are x – 4 and x 52 and its second term is x t, then t is equal to
(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 13
 1 1
36. The sum to n terms of the G.P. 1 +    is
2 4
1 1 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
(1) (2) 1 (3) 1 (4) 2 ⎜ 1 ⎟
2n 2n 2n ⎝ 2n ⎠

37. The n th term of a G.P. is 128 and the sum of its n terms is 255. If its common ratio is 2, then its first term
is
(1) 1 (2) 3 (3) 5 (4) 7
38. The sum of three numbers in a G.P. is 26 and the sum of products taken two at a time is 156, then the
numbers are
(1) 1, 5, 25 (2) 2, 6, 18 (3) 1, 4, 16 (4) 2, 8, 16

b a b a
39. If a, b, c are in G.P., then  is equal to
b c b c
(1) ab (2) ac (3) c 2 – b 2 (4) 0
40. If x, 2x + 2, 3x + 3 are the first three terms of G.P., then the fourth term is
(1) –27 (2) 27 (3) – 13.5 (4) 13.5
41. If g1, g 2, g 3 are three geometric means between two positive numbers a and b, then g1g 3 is equal to
(1) g2 (2) 2g2 (3) g22 (4) g23

42. The fifth term of a G.P. is 32 and common ratio is 2, then the sum of first 14 terms of the G.P. is
(1) 16388 (2) 32667 (3) 32766 (4) 64342
43. If the sum of first three numbers in G.P. is 21 and their product is 216, then the numbers are
(1) 3, 6, 12 (2) 5, 7, 9 (3) 6, 2, 213 (4) 6, 12, 24

44. If x, y, z are three geometric means between 6 and 54, then z is equal to
(1) 9 3 (2) 18 (3) 18 3 (4) 27

45. If three distinct numbers a, b, c are in A.P. and b – a, c – b, a are in G.P., then a : b : c is equal to
(1) 2 : 3 : 4 (2) 1 : 2 : 4 (3) 1 : 2 : 3 (4) 1 : 3 : 5
46. Three numbers form an increasing G.P. If the middle term is doubled, then the numbers are in A.P. The common
ratio of the G.P. is

(1) 2  3 (2) 2  3 (3) 3 2 (4) 3  2

47. The sum 1 + 3 + 32 + … + 3n is equal to

3n  1  1
(1) 3n + 1 (2) (3) 3n + 1 – 1 (4) 3n
2
1 1 1 1
48.     to  is equal to
2 4 8 16

1
(1) (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3
2
49. If the sixth term of a GP be 2, then the product of first eleven terms is
(1) 1024 (2) 2047 (3) 2048 (4) 1023
 100 100
50. Let an be the nth term of the G.P. of positive numbers. Let ∑a
n 1
2n   and ∑a 2 n 1   such that , then the
n 1

common ratio is

   
(1) (2) (3) (4)
   
2 3
2x ⎛ 2x ⎞ ⎛ 2x ⎞
51. The series ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟  .......  will have a definite sum when
x 3 ⎝ x 3⎠ ⎝ x 3⎠

(1) –1 < x < 3 (2) 0 < x < 1 (3) x = 0 (4) x = –3

52. Four geometric means are inserted between the numbers 211 – 1 and 211 + 1. The product of these geometric
means is
(1) 222 – 211 + 1 (2) 244 – 223 + 1 (3) 244 – 222 + 1 (4) 222 – 212 + 1
2
x||cos3 x|.......
53. The value of x in (–, ) which satisfies the equation 81|cos x||cos  43 is

  2
(1) (2)  (3) (4) All of these
3 3 3
54. If a, b, c are three distinct real numbers and they are in a G.P. If a + b + c = xb, then
(1) x < –1 or x > 3 (2) x  –3 or x  2 (3) x  –4 or x  3 (4) x  2 or x  5
1 1 1
55. The product 2 4.4 8.8 16 .... to  equal to
(1) 4 (2) 2 (3) 8 (4) 2
56. Three numbers whose product is 512 are in G.P. If 8 is added to the first and 6 to the second, the number
will be in A.P. The numbers are
(1) 2, 8, 32 (2) 8, 8, 8 (3) 4, 8, 16 (4) 2, 8, 14
3
57. If a, b, c form a G.P. with common ratio r such that 0 < r < 1, and if a, b , – 4c form an A.P., then r is
2
equal to

1 2 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 3 3 4
1 1 1 x z
58. If x, y, z are in A.P.; ax, by, cz are in G.P. and , , are in A.P., then  is equal to
a b c z x
a b a c a c b c
(1)  (2)  (3)  (4) 
b a c a c b c a
59. If the second, third and sixth terms of an A.P. are distinct and form consecutive terms of a G.P., then the
common ratio of the G.P. is
1
(1) (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3
2
1 1 1
60. If distinct positive numbers a, b, c are in G.P. and , , are in A.P., then the value of
a b c a b c
a + 4b + c is equal to
(1) –3 (2) 0 (3) 3 (4) 4
 61. If one geometric mean G and two A.Ms p and q be inserted between two given quantities then
(2p – q)(2q – p) equals
(1) G (2) G2 (3) 2G2 (4) 2G

62. The sum of three numbers in G.P. is 56. If we substract 1, 7, 21 from these numbers in that order, we obtain an
A.P. the three numbers are
(1) 10, 18, 26 (2) 8, 16, 32 (3) 9, 16, 23 (4) 5, 8, 11

63. The sum of the series 1 + 2.2 + 3.22 + 4.23 + 5.24 + ......+ 100.299 is
(1) 99.2100 – 1 (2) 100.2100 (3) 99.2100 (4) 99.2100 + 1

1 1
64. If 3  (3  p)  2 (3  2 p )  ..... to   8 , then p equals
4 4
(1) 1 (2) 5 (3) 7 (4) 9
65. Let S denotes the infinite sum
2 + 5x + 9x2 + 14x3 + 20x4 + ...,
where |x|<1. Then S equals

2x 2 x 2 x 2 x
(1) 3 (2) 3 (3) (4)
(1  x ) (1  x ) (1  x ) 3
(1  x )3
66. The coefficient of x101 in the expansion of

(1 – x)(1 – 2x)(1 – 22x) ... (1 – 2101x) is

(1) 24950 – 25050 (2) 25051 – 25152 (3) 24950 – 25051 (4) 25050 – 25152
67. The sum of the series 12 + 1 + 22 + 2 + 32 + 3 + … + n2 + n is equal to
2
n(n  1)( n  2) n(n  1)(3n 1) n(2n  1)(3n  1) ⎡ n(n 1) ⎤
(1) 3 (2) (3) (4) ⎢ ⎥
2 6 ⎣ 3 ⎦
68. The sum of the series 3 + 7 + 13 + 21 + 31 + … to n terms is equal to

n(n 2  2n  3) n(n 2  3n  5) n(n 2  2n  5) n(n 2  2n  2)

(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 3 3

7 17 27
69. The sum of the series 2 2
 2 2
 + ... is
1 6 6  11 11  162
2

1 1 1
(1) 1 (2) (3) (4)
6 5 4
70. The sum to 100 terms of the series
1.2.3. + 2.3.4. + 3.4.5. +...+ n(n + 1)(n + 2) +... is integral multiple of
(1) 2525 (2) 2526 (3) 2527 (4) 2528
n(n  1)2
71. The sum of the first n terms of the series 12 + 2.22 + 32 + 2.42 + ..... is when n is even. Then the sum
2
if n is odd, is
n(n 2  1) n 2 (n  1) n(n 2  1)
(1) (2) n(n + 1)2 (3) (4)
3 2 2
72. If x, y, z and w are non-zero real numbers and x2 + 5y2 + 5z2 + 4w2 – 4xy – 4yz – 4zw = 0, then x, y, z, w
are in
(1) A.P. (2) A.G.P. (3) H.P. (4) G.P.

73. Let log23 = , then log64729 is


(1)  (2) (3) 3 (4) 2
3

(ln x)n
74. ∑
n 0
n!
is equal to

1 1
(1) ln x (2) x (3) (4)
ln x x

3 n 2
75. The sum of ∑
n 2
n
C2 .
n!
equals

e 1 3
(1) (2) e2 (3) e3 (4) e
2 2

1 3x  x 2
76. The coefficient of x4 in equals
ex
12 24 25 15
(1) (2) (3) (4)
15 25 24 12
77. The sum of the series

2 4 6
   ...... to  equals
1! 3! 5!

(1) e + 1 (2) e – 1 (3) e (4) e–1

2 24 246 2468

78.     ...... to  equals
1! 2! 3! 4!

(1) e (2) 2e (3) 3e (4) 3e – 2

1 1 1
   .........
2! 4! 6!
79. 
1 1 1
   ..........
1! 3! 5!
1 e e 1 e 1 e 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
1 e e 1 1 e e 1

80. The sum of the series

(a  b )(a  b )(a 2  b 2 )
(a  b )(a  b)  
2!

(a  b )(a  b )(a 4  b 4  a 2 b 2 )
 ...... to 
3!
is equal to
2 2 2
2 2
b2 2
b 2
(1) e a  e b (2) e a (3) e a (4) e a  e b
 2 3
⎛a b⎞ 1⎛a b⎞ 1⎛a b⎞
81. The sum of the series ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟  ⎜ ⎟  ......  will be
⎝ a ⎠ 2 ⎝ a ⎠ 3 ⎝ a ⎠

⎛b⎞ ⎛a⎞
(1) logeab (2) loge ⎜ ⎟ (3) loge ⎜ ⎟ (4) logeab
⎝a⎠ ⎝b⎠

1 1 1 1
82. The sum of series     .......... is
1 .2 2 .3 3 .4 4 .5

⎛4⎞
(1) 2 loge2 (2) loge2 – 1 (3) loge2 (4) loge ⎜ ⎟
⎝e⎠

n2  n  1
83. ∑
n 0
(n  1)!
is equal to

(1) 2e (2) 2e + 1 (3) 2e – 1 (4) 1 – 2e

1 1 1
84. If x    ......, and
1 .2 3 .4 5 . 6

1 1 1
y = 1   ......, then
2 . 3 4 . 5 6 .7
(1) x = y (2) x > y (3) x < y (4) xy = 1

⎛ 3 5 ⎞
⎜ y  y  y  .... ⎟
⎜ 3 5 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ 
85. If x2y = 2x – y and |x| < 1, then
⎛ 3 5 ⎞
⎜ x  x  x  ...... ⎟
⎜ 3 5 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
(1) 1 (2) –1 (3) 2 (4) –2

⎡ 1 1 1 ⎤
86. 2⎢    ⎥ is equal to
⎢ 2 x  1 3  2x  13 5  2x  15 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
⎛ x ⎞ ⎛ x  1⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞
(1) log ⎜ ⎟ (2) log ⎜ ⎟ (3) log(2x + 1) (4) log ⎜ ⎟
⎝ x  1⎠ ⎝ x ⎠ ⎝ 2x  1⎠

ex
87. If  B0  B1x  B2 x 2    Bn x n  , then Bn – Bn –1 equals;
1 x

1 1 1 1
(1) (2) (3)  (4) 1
n! (n  1)! n ! (n  1)!

88. If  1 ,  2 ,  3 , .......,  n are in A.P. whose common difference is d, then sind[sec 1 sec  2 + sec  2
sec 3 + ........ + sec n–1sec n] =
(1) sec n – sec 1 (2) sin n – sin 1 (3) cos n – cos 1 (4) tan n – tan 1

89. Let a, b be the roots of the equation x 2 – 4 x + k 1 = 0 and c, d the roots of the equation x2 – 36x + k2 = 0.
If a < b < c < d and a, b, c, d are in GP, then the product k1k2 equals
(1) 81 (2) 729 (3) 256 (4) 64
 1 1 1 5
90. The value of x + y + z is 15 if a, x, y, z, b are in A.P. while the value of   is if a, x, y, z, b are in H.P.
x y z 3
the value of a and b are
(1) 9, 1 (2) 7, 4 (3) 8, 2 (4) –1, 3
91. If x, y, z are positive reals satisfying 4xy + 6yz + 8zx = 9, then the greatest possible value of the product xyz is
(1) 0.125 (2) 0.375 (3) 0.500 (4) 0.625

92. If a + b + c = 3 and a > 0, b > 0, c > 0, then the greatest value of a2b3c2 is
3 9.2 4 310.2 4 3 8.2 4 3 7.2 4
(1) (2) (3) (4)
77 77 77 77
93. Let C be a circle with centre P0 and AB be a diameter of C. Suppose P1 is the midpoint of line segment P0
B, P2 the midpoint of line segment P1 B and so on. Let C1, C2, C3 be circles with diameters P0P1, P1P2, P2P3,
... respectively. Suppose the circles C1, C2, C3 ... are all shaded. The ratio of the area of the unshaded portion
of C to that of the original circle is
(1) 8 : 9 (2) 9 : 10 (3) 10 : 11 (4) 11 : 12

94. If 1, log9(31 – x + 2) and log3(4.3x – 1) are in A.P., then x is

(1) log34 (2) 1 – log34 (3) log30.25 (4) log43
⎛x⎞ ⎛x⎞ ⎛x⎞
95. If b – c, 2b – x and b – a are in HP. Then a  ⎜ ⎟ , b  ⎜ ⎟ and c  ⎜ ⎟ are in
⎝ ⎠
2 ⎝ ⎠
2 ⎝2⎠
(1) AP (2) GP (3) HP (4) None of these

96. The numbers log180 12, log216012, log2592012 are in

(1) A.P.
(2) G.P.
(3) H.P.
(4) None of the above progressions

97. The values of x such that log1/2x > log1/3x, is/are

(1) x  (0, 1) (2) x [0, 1) (3) x (0, 1] (4) x [0, 1]

98. If the sum of first n terms of an A.P. is cn2, then the sum of squares of these n terms is [IIT-JEE 2009]
n(4n  1)c2 2
n(4n  1)c
2 2
n(4n  1)c2 2
n(4n  1)c 2
2

(1) (2) (3) (4)

6 3 3 6

99. Let a1, a2, a3, .... be in harmonic progression with a1 = 5 and a20 = 25. The least positive integer n for which
an < 0 is [IIT-JEE 2012]
(1) 22 (2) 23 (3) 24 (4) 25

100. Let bi > 1 for i = 1, 2, ..., 101. Suppose loge b1, log e b2 , ..., loge b101 are in Arithmetic Progression (A.P.)
with the common difference loge2. Suppose a1, a2, ..., a101 are in A.P. such that a1 = b1 and a51 = b51.
If t = b1 + b2 + ... + b51 and s = a1 + a2 + ... + a51, then [JEE(Advanced)-2016]
(1) s > t and a101 > b101 (2) s > t and a101 < b101
(3) s < t and a101 > b101 (4) s < t and a101 < b101
 SECTION - B

Objective Type Questions (More than one options are correct)

1. If the Arithmetic mean of two positive numbers a and b (a > b) is twice their geometric mean, then
a : b equals

(1) 2  3 : 2  3 (2) 7  4 3 : 1 (3) 1 : 7  4 3 (4) 2 : 3

2. If the first and the (2n + 1)th terms of an A.P., a G.P. and an H.P. of positive terms are equal and their
(n + 1)th terms are a, b and c respectively, then
(1) a = b = c (2) a + c = 2b (3) a  b  c (4) ac = b2

3. If cos( – ), cos, cos( + ) are in H.P. and cos  1, then the angle  cannot lie in the
(1) I quadrant (2) II quadrant (3) III quadrant (4) IV quadrant

4. If x, y, z are in A.P. and x2, y2, z2 are in H.P., then which of the following is correct?

x x
(1) x, y, z are all equal (2)  ,y, z are in G.P. (3) ,y, z are in G.P. (4) Either (1) or (2)
2 2
5. If a, b, c are in H.P., then

a b c 2 1 1
(1) , , are in H.P. (2)  
bc a c ab abc b ba bc

b b b a b c
(3) a  , ,c are in G.P. (4) , , are in H.P.
2 2 2 bc c a ab
6. The sum of the first ten terms of an A.P. equals 155 and the sum of the first two terms of a G.P. equals 9. The
first term of the A.P. is equal to the common ratio of the G.P. and the common difference of the A.P. is equal
to the first term of G.P.. Given that the common difference of the A.P. is less than unity, which of the following
is correct?

25 25
(1) is a term of the G.P. (2) is a term of the G.P.
2 3
25 25
(3) is a term of the A.P. (4) is a term of the A.P.
3 2
7. In an equilateral triangle of side 3 cm, a circle is inscribed in which again an equilateral triangle is inscribed
and so on. This continues for an infinite number of times. Then

(1) Sum of areas of all circles (in cm2) is 3

(2) Sum of areas of all circles (in cm2) is 

(3) Sum of areas of all equilateral triangles (in cm2) is 3 3

(4) Sum of areas of all equilateral triangles (in cm2) is 3

 10143  1
8. Let N  . Then which of the following is true?
9
(1) N is prime

(2) N = (1+1012+1024+...+ 10132)(1+10+102+...+1010)

(3) N = (1+1011+1022+...+ 10132)(1+10+102+...+1010)

(4) N = (1+1013+1026+...+ 10130)(1+10+102+...+1012)

9. If logxa, ax/2 and logbx are in GP, then x is equal to

(1) loga(logba) (2) loga(logea) – loga(logeb)
(3) – loga(logab) (4) loga(logeb) – loga(logea)

10. The sum of the squares of three distinct real numbers which are in GP is S2, if their sum is S, then

1 1
(1) 1 < 2 < 3 (2)  2  1 (3) 1 <  < 3 (4)   1
3 3
3 2
11. The equation (logx 10) – (logx 10) – 6 logx 10 = 0 is satisfied by a value of x given by

1 1
(1) 3 10 (2) (3) 10 (4) 3
10 10
k ( k 1)
4n 2
12. Let Sn  ∑ ( 1) k 2 . Then Sn can take value(s) [JEE(Advanced) 2013]
k 1

(1) 1056 (2) 1088 (3) 1120 (4) 1332

98 k 1
13. If I  ∑ k 1 ∫ kk 1 dx, then [JEE(Advanced) 2017]
x( x  1)
49 49
(1) I  (2) I  (3) I < loge99 (4) I > loge99
50 50
 SECTION - C

Linked Comprehension Type Questions

Comprehension-I
The ubiquitous AM–GM inequality has many applications. It almost crops up in unlikely situations and the
solutions using AM–GM are truly elegant. Recall that for n positive reals ai, i = 1, 2, ..., n, the AM–GM
inequality tells
n

∑a i
⎛ n ⎞n
1

1
n
⎜
⎜  ai ⎟
⎟
⎝ 1 ⎠
The special case in which the inequality turns into equality help solves many problems where at first we seem to
have not enough information to arrive at the answer.

|a||b|
1. If the equation x4 – 4x3 + ax2 + bx + 1 = 0 has four positive roots, then the value of is
ab
(1) 5 (2) –5 (3) 3 (4) –3

2. The number of ordered pairs (x, y) of real numbers satisfying the equation x8 + 6 = 8 |xy| – y8 is
(1) 10 (2) 8 (3) 4 (4) 2
3. If a, b, c are positive integers satisfying

a b c 3
   , then the value of abc  1
bc c a ab 2 abc

85 17 65
(1) Is (2) Is (3) Is (4) Can’t be determined
4 4 8

Comprehension-II
One useful way of defining sequences is by a recursion relation. Many recurrence relations can be transformed
to some known sequences, say GP or sometimes nth term can be found by algebraic jugglery.

1. If an – an–1 = 1 for every positive integer greater than 1, then a1 + a2 + a3 + ....a100 equals
(1) 5000 . a1 (2) 5050 . a1 (3) 5051 . a1 (4) 5052 . a2

2. Some chocolates are distributed between 25 children in such a way that first child gets 5 chocolates, second child
gets 7 chocolates and in general, nth child gets n chocolates more than the (n – 1)th child. The total number of
chocolates distributed is
(1) 3250 (2) 2525 (3) 2750 (4) 3025

3. Let {an} be a sequence defined by a1 = 1

a1 + 2a2 + 3a3 + ... + (n – 1)an–1 = n2an, n  2
The value of a786 is

2 1 2 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
789 393 393 1572
Comprehension-III
If A, G and H are respectively arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means between a and b both being unequal
and positive, then

ab
A  a + b = 2A
2

G  ab  G2 = ab

2ab
H  G2 = AH
ab
On the basis of above information answer the following questions.

4
1. If the geometric and harmonic means of two numbers are 16 and 12 , then the ratio of one number to the
5
other is
(1) 1 : 4 (2) 2 : 3 (3) 1 : 2 (4) 2 : 1
2. The sum of AM and GM of two positive numbers equal to the difference between the numbers. The numbers
are in the ratio
(1) 1 : 3 (2) 1 : 6 (3) 9 : 1 (4) 1 : 12

3. The numbers whose A.M. and G.M. are A and G is

2 2
(1) A  ( A2  G 2 ) (2) A  A2  G 2 (3) A  A2  G 2 (4) A  A  G
2

Comprehension-IV
While solving logarithmic equations or logarithmic inequalities care must be taken to ensure that the value of the
variable obtained do indeed satisfy the given equation. Often the solution consists in transforming the original
equation to a form which can be solved with ease. But in bargain the process of solution brings with it extrareous
solutions, because the transformations carried out are not always equivalent. In what follows one must verify that
the values of variables obtained indeed satisfy original equation or inequation.

x
1. How many solutions in real numbers does the equation 3 x 8 x2  6 have?

(1) None (2) Exactly one (3) Exactly two (4) Infinite

2. The solution of the inequality

x log 1 (x 2  x  1)  0
10

is given by

(1) – < x < 2 (2) – < x < –1 (3) –3 < x < 1 (4) 1 < x < 3

5
3. Let S be the set of all solutions x in real numbers of the equation (log5 x)2  log5 x  1 . Then
x ∑ x equals
x S

151 131
(1) 126 (2) (3) (4) 131
25 25
Comprehension-V
Let Vr denote the sum of the first r terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) whose first term is r and the
common difference is (2r – 1). Let Tr = Vr +1 – Vr – 2 and Qr = Tr +1 – Tr for r = 1, 2,..... [IIT-JEE 2007]

1. The sum V1 + V2 + ..... + Vn is

1 1
(1) n(n  1)(3n 2  n  1) (2) n(n  1)(3n 2  n  2)
12 12

1 1
(3) n(2n 2  n  1) (4) (2n 3  2n  3)
2 3

2. Tr is always
(1) An odd number (2) An even number (3) A prime number (4) A composite number

3. Which one of the following is a correct statement?

(1) Q1, Q2, Q3,.... are in A.P. with common difference 5
(2) Q1, Q2, Q3,.... are in A.P. with common difference 6
(3) Q1, Q2, Q3,.... are in A.P. with common difference 11
(4) Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = ....

Comprehension-VI
Let A1, G1, H1 denote the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, respectively, of two distinct positive
numbers. For n  2, let An – 1 and Hn – 1 have arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means as An, Gn, Hn
respectively. [IIT-JEE 2007]
1. Which one of the following statements is correct?
(1) G1 > G2 > G3 > ... (2) G1 < G2 < G3 < ...
(3) G1 = G2 = G3 = ... (4) G1 < G3 < G5 < ... and G2 > G4 > G6 > ...

2. Which one of the following statements is correct?

(1) A1 > A2 > A3 > ... (2) A1 < A2 < A3 < ...
(3) A1 > A3 > A5 > ... and A2 < A4 < A6 < ... (4) A1 < A3 < A5 < ... and A2 > A4 > A6 > ...

3. Which one of the following statements is correct?

(1) H1 > H2 > H3 > ... (2) H1 < H2 < H3 < ...
(3) H1 > H3 > H5 > ... and H2 < H4 < H6 < ... (4) H1 < H3 < H5 < ... and H2 > H4 > H6 > ...
 SECTION - D
Assertion-Reason Type Questions
1. STATEMENT-1 : If a, b, c are distinct positive reals in G.P., then loga n, logb n, logc n are in H.P., n  N
and
STATEMENT-2 : The reciprocals of terms of Arithmetic progression with non-zero terms, form an H.P.

2. STATEMENT-1 : The sum of reciprocals of first n terms of the series 1 1  1  1  1  .... is n2.
3 5 7 9
and
STATEMENT-2 : A sequence is said to be H.P. if the reciprocals of its terms are in A.P.

3. STATEMENT-1 : For three positive unequal quantities a, b, c are in H.P., we must have a2008 + c2008 > 2b2008.
and
STATEMENT-2 : A.M.  G.M.  H.M. for positive numbers.

4. STATEMENT-1 : The sum of 100 arithmetic means between two given numbers 1000 and 3016 is 200800.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The sum of n arithmetic means between two given numbers is nth power of their single A.M.

5. STATEMENT-1 : If a, b, c, d are positive and distinct numbers in H.P., then a + d > b + c.

and
ad bc
STATEMENT-2 : If a, b, c, d are in H.P., then  .
ad bc
1
6. STATEMENT-1 : For n  N, n > 1, n  1  2 (n ! ) n .
and
STATEMENT-2 : A.M. of distinct positive number is greater than G.M.

7. STATEMENT-1 : The sum of n terms of two arithmetic progressions are in A.P. in the ratio (7n + 1) : (4n + 17),
then the ratio of their nth terms is 7 : 4.
and
STATEMENT-2 : If Sn = ax2 + bx + c, then Tn = Sn – Sn – 1.

8. STATEMENT-1 : If the angle of a convex polygon are in A.P. 120°, 125°, 130°....., then it has 16 sides.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The sum of the angles of a polygon of x sides is (n – 2) 180°.
9. STATEMENT-1 : If the infinite A.G.P. 1, 3 , 2, x ..... has a finite sum, then x = 2.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The infinite A.G.P. a, (a + d)r, (a + 2d)r2 ........ has a finite sum only if |r| < 1.

10. STATEMENT-1 : If ax = by = cz; where x, y, z are unequal positive numbers and a, b, c are in G.P., then
x3 + z3 > 2y3.
and
STATEMENT-2 : If a, b, c are in H.P. a3 + c3  2b3, where a, b, c are positive real numbers.
 log a log b log c
11. Let  
bc c a ab
STATEMENT-1 : a a b b c c = 1.
and
STATEMENT-2 : ab + cbc + ac a + b = 1.
12. STATEMENT-1 : log416 is a rational number.
and
STATEMENT-2 : log23 is an irrational number.

13. STATEMENT-1: Number of solution of log|x| = ex is two.

and
STATEMENT-2: If log303 = a, log305 = b than log308 = 3(1 – a – b).

14. Suppose four distinct positive numbers a1, a2, a3, a4 are in G.P. Let b1 = a1, b2 = b1 + a2, b3 = b2 + a3 and
b4 = b3 + a4. [IIT-JEE 2008]
STATEMENT-1 : The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are neither in A.P. nor in G.P.
and
STATEMENT-2 : The numbers b1, b2, b3, b4 are in H.P.
 SECTION - E
Matrix-Match Type Questions
1. Match the following
Column-I Column-II
1 1 1
(A) If , , are in H.P., then (p) logax, logbx, logcx are in H.P.
a b c
(Assume that log functions are defined)
b b b
(B) If a, b, c are in A.P., then (q) a  , ,c are in A.P.
2 2 2
c a b
(C) If a, b, c are in G.P., then (r) , , are in A.P.
a b c
ab  ac bc  ba ca  cb
(D) If sum of roots of the quadratic ax2 + bx + c = 0 (s) , , are in A.P.
bc ca ab
(abc  0) equals to the sum of squares of their
reciprocals then

2. Match the equations with their solutions

Column-I (Equations) Column-II (Solutions)

⎡ 1 1 ⎤
(A) x ⎢   ... to  ⎥  2 (p) 72
⎣ 1.2.3.4 2.3.4.5 ⎦

⎡ 1 2 3 ⎤
(B) x ⎢    ... to  ⎥  20 (q) 80
⎣ 1.3 1.3.5 1.3.5.7 ⎦

⎡ 3 4 5 ⎤
(C) x ⎢    ... to  ⎥  58 (r) 36
⎣ 1.2.4 2.3.5 3.4.6 ⎦

⎡⎛ 2 ⎞ 1 ⎛ 3 ⎞ 1 ⎛ 4 ⎞ 1 ⎤
(D) x ⎢⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ 2 ⎜ ⎟. 3  ... to  ⎥  20 (s) 40
⎣⎝ 1.3 ⎠ 3 ⎝ 3.5 ⎠3 ⎝ 5.7 ⎠3 ⎦

3. Match the series with their sum

Column-I Column-II
(A) 1.2.3.4 + 2.3.4.5 + ... + n(n + 1)(n + 2)(n + 3) + ... to 11 terms (p) 10385

13 13  23 13  23  ...  n 3
(B)   ...   ... to 16 terms (q) 37820
1 1 3 1 3  ...  (2n  1)
(C) 1.3 + 2.4 + ... + n(n + 2) + ... to 30 terms (r) 446

n(n  1)
(D) 1 + 3 + ... + + ... to 60 terms (s) 72072
2
 4. Match the following entries of column I with those of column II.

Column I Column II

2
(A) If the roots of the equation x3 – 9x2 + 23x – 15 = 0 (p) C1  2P0

are in AP, then their common difference is

(B) Number of values of x for which [x], sgn x, {x} {x  0} (q) 5

are in AP, is

(C) If a, b, c are in AP, then the straight line (r) 1

ax + by + c = 0 will always passed through a fixed
point whose ordinate and abscissae are

(D) An infinite G.P. has the first term x and sum 5, then (s) 2
x may be

(t) – 2

5. Match the following entries of column I with those of column II

Column I Column II
(A) Let, S1, S2, .... be squares such that for each (p) 2
n  1, the length of a side of Sn equals the length
of a diagonal of Sn + 1. If the length of a side of S1
is 10 cm. The value of n for which area of Sn is less
than 1 sq.cm is

2 12
(B) If the first two terms of a HP are and (q) 4
5 13
respectively. If the largest term is T, then [T] is less
than or equal to

⎛1 1 ⎞
log2.5 ⎜  ...... ⎟
3 2
(C) The value of (0.16) ⎝ 3 ⎠ is less than or (r) 6

equal to
1 1
(D) If 3  (3  d )  (3  2d )  ..... , then d is greater (s) 8
4 42
than or equal to
(t) 9
 SECTION - F
Integer Answer Type Questions
1. If H.M. of two numbers is 4, then A.M. 'A' and G.M. 'G' satisfy the relation 2A + G2 = 27, then modulus of
difference of these two numbers is

2. Let a1, a2, ......a10 be in AP and n1, n2, ......n10 be in HP, if a1 = n1 = 2 and a10 = n10 = 3 then a4a7 is ____

3. If an be the nth term of an AP and if a7 = 15, then the value of the common difference that would make a2a7a12
greatest is ________.

4. If a, b, c, d are in GP, then the value of (a – c)2 + (b – c)2 + (b – d)2 – (a – d)2 is ________.

5. If the mth term of a HP be n and the nth term be m, then the (mn)th term is ________.
1 + logx
6. The number of solution of x = 10x is ________.

k 1
7. Let Sk, k = 1, 2,.....100, denote the sum of the infinite geometric series whose first term is and the
k!

1 1002 100 2
common ratio is . Then the value of  ∑ (k  3k  1)Sk is [IIT-JEE 2010]
k 100! k 1
8. Let a1, a2, a3,......, a11 be real numbers satisfying a1 = 15, 27 – 2a2 > 0 and ak = 2ak – 1 – ak – 2 for k = 3,
a12  a22  ....  a11
2
a  a  ....  a11
4, ...., 11. If  90, then the value of 1 2 is equal to [IIT-JEE 2010]
11 11

p
9. Let a1, a2, a3, ..., a100 be an arithmetic progression with a1 = 3 and Sp  ∑ a , 1  p  100 . For any integer
i 1
i

Sm
n with 1  n  20, let m = 5n. If does not depend on n, then a2 is [IIT-JEE 2011]
Sn

10. The minimum value of the sum of real numbers a–5, a–4, 3a–3, 1, a8 and a10 with a > 0 is [IIT-JEE 2011]

11. A pack contains n cards numbered from 1 to n. Two consecutive numbered cards are removed from the pack
and the sum of the numbers on the remaining cards is 1224. If the smaller of the numbers on the removed
cards is k, then k – 20 = [JEE(Advanced) 2013]

b
12. Let a, b, c be positive integers such that is an integer. If a, b, c are in geometric progression and the
a
a 2  a  14
arithmetic mean of a, b, c is b + 2, then the value of is [JEE(Advanced) 2014]
a 1

13. Suppose that all the terms of an arithmetic progression (A.P.) are natural numbers. If the ratio of the sum of
the first seven terms to the sum of the first eleven terms is 6 : 11 and the seventh term lies in between 130
and 140, then the common difference of this A.P. is [JEE(Advanced) 2015]
14. The sides of a right angled triangle are in arithmetic progression. If the triangle has area 24, then what is the
length of its smallest side? [JEE(Advanced) 2017]
15. Let X be the set consisting of the first 2018 terms of the arithmetic progression 1, 6, 11, ...., and Y be the
set consisting of the first 2018 terms of the arithmetic progression9, 16, 23, ... . Then, the number of elements
in the set X  Y is _______. [JEE(Advanced) 2018]
 SECTION - G
Multiple True-False Type Questions
4 4
1. STATEMENT-1 : If x is positive, then least value of x12   is 9.
x2 x
STATEMENT-2 : If a2 + b2 + c2 = 4, x2 + y2 + z2 = 9 then maximum value of ax + by + cz is 6.
3 4
STATEMENT-3 : 2  2
 3 +....... upto  = 4.
2 2
(1) F T F (2) T T F (3) T T T (4) F F T

2. STATEMENT-1 : If a, b, c are in A.P., b, c, a are in G.P. then c, a, b are in H.P.

STATEMENT-2 : If a1, a2, a3,.....a100 are in A.P. and a3 + a98 = 50 then a1 + a2 + a3 +....+ a100 = 2500.

a1  a2  a3 ........  an
  a1 . a2 .......an  .
1/ n
STATEMENT-3 : If a1, a2,.....,an R then
n
(1) F T F (2) T T F (3) T T T (4) F F T

3. STATEMENT-1 : 12 – 22 + 32 ........ to 21 terms is 231

STATEMENT-2 : 13 – 23 + 33 – 43 ........ to 15 terms is 1856
STATEMENT-3 : 12 + 32 + 52 ........ to 8 terms is 689
(1) T T F (2) T F F (3) T F T (4) T T T

4. STATEMENT-1 : If log(x + z) + log(x – 2y + z) = 2log(x – z) then x, y, z are in H.P.

ax ay az

STATEMENT-2 : If p, q, r in AP and   , then x, y, z are in A.P.
px qy rz

ab bc 1
STATEMENT-3 : If , b, are in A.P. then a, , c are in H.P.
1  ab 1  bc b

(1) T T F (2) T F F (3) T F T (4) T T T

5. STATEMENT-1 : If the arithmetic mean of (b – c)2, (c – a)2 and (a – b)2 is same as the arithmetic mean of
(b + c – 2a)2, (c + a – 2b)2 and (a + b – 2c)2 then a, b, c are equal.

STATEMENT-2 : If logx, logy, logz (x, y, z > 1) are in GP then 2x + log(bx), 3x + log(by), 4x + log(bz) are in A.P.

STATEMENT-3 : If n!, 3 × n! and (n + 1)! are in G.P. then n!, 5 × n! and (n + 1)! are in A.P.

(1) T T F (2) T F F (3) T F T (4) T T T

 SECTION - H
Aakash Challengers Questions
1 2 4
1. The sum of n terms of the series    ............ is
2
1 x 1 x 1 x 4
1 k 1 k 1 k 1 k
(1)  , k  2n (2)  , k  2n (3)  , k  2n (4)  , k  2n
k
x 1 x 1 k
x 1 x 1 x 1 x k 1 x 1 x k 1

2. The first term of a sequence is 1, the second is 2 and every term is the sum of the two preceding terms.
The nth term is.

1 ⎡(1 5 )n 1  (1  5 )n 1 ⎤ 1 ⎡(1 5 )n 1  (1  5 )n 1 ⎤
(1) (2)
2n 1
5⎣ ⎦ 2n 1
5⎣ ⎦

1 ⎡(1  5)n1  (1  5)n 1 ⎤ 1 ⎡(1  5)n 1  (1  5)n 1 ⎤

(3) (4)
2n 1
5⎣ ⎦ 2n1
5⎣ ⎦

3. Sum of series 1 + 2x + 7x2 + 20x3 + ........ up to n terms when x = – 1 is

1 1 1 1
(1) {4n  3  ( 3)n1} (2) {4n  3  ( 3)n1} (3) {4n  3  3n 1} (4) {4n  3  3n1}
16 16 16 16


(n 2  1)
4. The value of ∑ (n  2) n ! is
n 1

9 9
(1) 9 – e (2) e (3) e (4) 9 + e
2 2

5. The numbers x1, x2, x3 ...... form an infinite decreasing G.P. If x = 1, then the common ratio of the progression
for which the expression 6x5 – 16x4 – 3x3 + 12x2 is maximum, is
1 2 3 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 4 2

n  1 n 1
6. If total number of runs scored in n matches is (2  n  2) where n  1, and the runs scored in the
4
kth match is given by k.2n + 1 – k, where 1  k  n, n is
(1) 8 (2) 9 (3) 7 (4) 6

n2  n  1
7. The sum Sn where Tn  ( 1)n is
n!

( 1)n ( 1)n ⎡ ( 1)n ( 1)n ⎤ ⎡ ( 1)n 1 ( 1)n 1 ⎤ ⎡ ( 1)n ( 1)n 1 ⎤

(1)  (2) ⎢  ⎥ 1 (3) ⎢  ⎥ (4) ⎢  ⎥ 1
n n1! 1! ⎢⎣ n ! n  1! ⎦⎥ ⎢⎣ n  1! (n  1)! ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ n ! (n  1)! ⎥⎦

8. Find a three digit number if its digits form a geometric progression and the digits of the number which is
smaller by 400 form an A.P. is
(1) 139 (2) 248 (3) 842 (4) 931
 9. Let Sn, n = 1, 2, 3... be the sum of infinite geometric series whose first term is n and the common ratio is
1 S S  S2Sn 1  S3Sn 2 ......  Sn S1
. Then lim 1 n is
n 1 n  S12  S22  ......  Sn2

1 3 1
(1) (2) (3) 1 (4) 
2 4 2

10. Let x, y  (0, 1) such that there exists a positive number a( 1) satisfying logxa + logya = 4logxya.

⎛y⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎛ x ⎞⎝ x ⎠
Then the value of ⎜ ⎟ is.....
⎝y⎠

3 5
x 1⎛ x ⎞ 1⎛ x ⎞ 2 1 1 2
11. Let a   ⎜ ⎟  ⎜ ⎟   and b  x  x 3  x 5  x  x 9  than
1 x2 2
3 ⎝ 1 x ⎠ 2
5 ⎝ 1 x ⎠ 3 5 7 9
(1) a = 2b (2) a = b (3) 2a = b (4) 2a = 3b

1 1 3 1 3  5 2
12.  x x 
1! 2! 3!
x x x x
(1) e (1 + x) (2) e (1 – x) (3) xe (4) e (x + 2)

13. Let 2048 arithmetic means be inserted between 222 – 1 and 222 + 1. Suppose the sum of these arithmetic
S
means is S. Then is ...
2 23

26 2  26 2  36 2  99  6 2  100  6

14. Let S     ...   . Then 3S equals.
100 99 98 2 4
4 4 4 4
16
n4
15. The sum of ∑ 4n 2  1 is
n 1

16. Four different integers form an increasing AP. One of these numbers equal to the sum of squares of the other
three numbers. Find the numbers.

n
∑r4
r 1
17. n is equal to
2
∑r
r 1
2 3 n
3 ⎛3⎞ ⎛3⎞ ⎛3⎞
an    ⎜ ⎟  ........  ( 1)n ⎜ ⎟
4 ⎝⎜ 4 ⎠⎟
18. and bn = 1 – an, then find the last natural number n0 such that
4
⎝ ⎠ ⎝4⎠
bn > an n  n0.

19. If a, b, c are in AP and b, c, a are in GP, then show that c, a, b are in H.P. Find a : b : c