PROCESSING OF CORIANDER

Submitted By - ANUSHA
19/BFT/002
INTRODUCTION
Coriander -

- Botanical Name - (Coriandrum sativum)

- also called cilantro or Chinese parsley
- Feathery annual plant of the parsley family APIACEAE
- Parts of which are used as both as herb and a spice.
- Its dry fruits and seeds, which are also known as coriander, are used to flavour many foods, particularly
sausages, curries etc.
- It is widely used in Indian, Chinese, and African cuisines.
- It is a minor spice.
CORIANDER PRODUCTION IN INDIA
In India, coriander is produced mainly in Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, and Rajasthan. Other places where coriander is
grown are Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Uttar Pradesh.

Ramganj Mandi is a city and a municipality in Kota district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is known as stone city,
coriander city. It has the largest grain market of coriander with around 6500 tons of coriander seeds arriving on a single day
during season.

India is the world's largest producer, consumer and exporter of the spices and among all spices, coriander (Coriandrum
sativum) seed is one of the most important spices.

Approx. 80% of the world total coriander seed is produced in our country.
WHAT IS CORIANDER SEED?
Coriander is a spice produced from the coriander plant.

This plant produces both the fruit, known as coriander seed, and the leaves, known as Cilantro .

An individual coriander plant can only be cultivated for one of these, as the cilantro leaves must be picked before the plant
matures to produce the seeds. The fruit of the coriander plant contains two seeds which, when dried, are the parts that are
used as the spice.

The shape of the coriander Seed is spherical to slightly oblong and ribbed when fully mature they are brownish yellow in
color.
TYPES OF CORIANDER SEEDS
There are two types of Coriander seeds typically found in the marketplace –

European, sometimes called Moroccan Coriander, and Indian Coriander.

The seeds of European Coriander are light brown in color with a round shape.

Indian Coriander Seeds are more yellow in color, are more oval shaped, and have a stronger flavor profile with
more noticeable citrus and nutty notes.

Indian Coriander is used in making Belgian wheat beers where it is used with Dried Orange Peel to enhance the
citrus character in the beer.
WHAT DOES CORIANDER TASTE LIKE?
Mellow

Sweet

Warm with citrusy undertones.

Coriander's flavor can be enhanced by lightly dry roasting the whole seed.
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
The raw coriander consisted mainly of linalool (72.7%)
followed by
λ-terpinene (8.8%),
α-pinene (5.5%),
camphor (3.7%),
limonene (2.3%),
geranyl acetate (1.9%)
p-cymene (1.5%) [23].
The oil composition changes, depending on the maturity of the seed.
Essential oils - 1-2%
USES OF CORIANDER SEEDS
The seeds are tiny globes, about the same size as peppercorns.

The seeds from Indian coriander tend to be elongated while the seeds from European coriander
are more round in shape.

They are dried and ground and included in curry powder and garam masala powder in Indian
cooking.
USES OF CORIANDER SEEDS
The leaves are used as a fresh green vegetable or salad leaf. Coriander seed oil is used
for a range of medicinal applications.

It has antibacterial properties and is used in treatments for colic, neuralgia and
rheumatism. It has industrial applications in pharmaceutical applications and tobacco
where it is used to counteract unpleasant odours.
PROCESSING OF CORIANDER SEED
Coriander seed is mainly processed into powder by crushing, and this powder, which consists of an
aroma, is used as a food ingredient.
HARVESTING
Harvesting at the correct stage of ripeness is essential for the coriander seed to have a full aroma.

Under-ripe coriander seeds have an unpleasant flavour and lack the distinctive spicy aroma and
over-ripe seeds (after about 90 days from planting) tend to shatter which reduces the yield.
SUN DRYING

Sun drying is necessary to remove the moisture from plants and seeds under the sun.
THRESHING
After proper drying, the coriander plant is taken to the threshing process.

• traditionally the threshing of seed spices is performed by treading the crop by stick
beating.

• Nowadays the thresher is invented that reduces the physical losses of seeds.
CLEANING AND GRADING
Various machines are used for special functions.

Magnet drum/pulley is used to separate iron particles.

A Vibro separator is being used to separate identical weed seeds from the product.

Electronic color sorters are used to separate discolored seeds to enhance the color value of the
final product.

A gravity separator can also be used to separate undesirable material on the basis of weight.
SEED ROASTING/ DRYING
The typical aroma and flavor of coriander seed are not fully developed until it is
completely dry.

Seed roasting machines are used to dry seeds.

It is necessary to ensure that the drying temperature does not reach 100°C, as this
decreases the amounts of volatile oils.
GRINDING
The process is the final stage where the dried seeds of coriander are grounded into fine
powder.

It is turn into a fine powder which is further processed by Pulverizing.

PULVERIZING
It’s a type of grinding process which grinds the given product to a very fine-sized
powder.

A dust collector is provided in the system for ensuring dust-less operation and for no
loss of ground powder.
PACKAGING
The finished product is then packaged and stored for supply.
ESSENTIAL OIL EXTRACTION
The ground seeds can be used for the extraction of essential oils.

The seed is ground immediately prior to distillation to increase the yield of oil and
reduce the distillation time.

The essential oil content varies from 0.1-1.5% and contains a range of different essential
oils.
APPLICATIONS OF CORIANDER POWDER
Coriander powder is widely used in south Indian preparations, especially rasam, kara
kuzhambu, vegetable preparations, etc.

It is an essential ingredient of many curries and gravies as it has a mild aroma that instigates
the appetite.

Adding ground coriander to pancake and waffle mixes imparts a pleasing taste to it.
TOXICITY
Linalool when taken in higher concentrations, can be toxic and may cause contact
dermatitis.
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS
Anti Arthritis - due to the presence of large amount of Calcium and Phosphorus.
Anti Ulcer - effective in treating mouth ulcers.
Stimulant for digestive secretions - antioxidant and activates liver properties.
Antibacterial and Antiseptic
Antidiabetic - reduces blood sugar levels
References
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2221169115000647#:~:text=The%20raw%20
coriander%20consisted%20mainly,the%20maturity%20of%20the%20seed.
https://www.slideshare.net/ArslanTahir4/coriandrum-sativum-coriander
https://m.trendads.co/search/?search_term=ca%20and%20p&brand=uncategorized
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/48027447.pdf
http://niftem.ac.in/site/pmfme/processingnew/corianderpowderprocessing.pdf
https://zofffoods.com/blogs/news/where-are-spices-grown-in-india#:~:text=In%20India%2C%2
0coriander%20is%20produced,%2C%20Karnataka%2C%20and%20Uttar%20Pradesh.
THANK YOU!